专题一 第一讲 划分句子成分、掌握基本句型难句-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学案（人教版）

关键能力·对点习得 I.单句语法填空 语法悟通专题突破 1.dedication考查词性转换。句意：然而，弹吉他也需要大量的时 间和奉献精神，才能让我在别人面前弹得很舒服。由句意可知， 专题一语法基础必备 填名词和前面的time对应。 第一讲。划分句子成分、掌握基 2.on考查固定短语。句意：他因在导弹基地从事间谍活动而被 捕。spy on'“暗中监视 本句型并科学分析长难句 3.o 考查固定短语。句意：那位外科医生被指控玩忽职守。 考点突破·精讲即练 accuse sb.of(doing)sth.“控告某人（做）某事' 即时演练（一） 4.恩eedy考查词性转换。句意：他用贪婪的眼睛看着金子。由句 :1.主语2.谓语 3.谓语4.主语 意可知，填形容词，修饰名词。 即时演练（二） 5.to acquire考查非谓语动词。句意：网络学习日益成为人们获 1.宾语2.表语 3.宾语4.宾语补足语5.宾语补足语 取知识和解决问题的重要手段。means(方式，手段)后接不定式 :即时演练（三） 作后置定语 1.carefully 2.who/that 3.that 4.that 5.Weighing 6.conclusion考查词性转换。句意：我必须向你转达，我根据有关 :即时演练（四） 标准得出了一个合理的结论。由句意并分析句子成分可知，填 1.Just as the saying goes,one person can go far,but a group of persons 名词。come to a conclusion得出结论。based on relevant criteria2.The truck my dad dove often broke down halfway. can travel farther 是过去分词短语作后置定语 7.to考查固定短语。句意：我祈祷我的儿子能以适当的方式处理 3.Last weekend,my classmates and I went to Xinxing Farm by bike to 这件偶然的事情。attend to“处理' pick strawberries. 8.helping考查非谓语动词。句意：他辞去这个职位后，致力于帮 4.Friendship always comes first in the competition. 助残疾人。was dedicated to中to是介词，故填动词-ing形式作宾 5.The competition will begin at 2 p.m.and last for roughly 3 hours. 语。 即时演练（五） 9.priority考查词性转换。句意：政府应该优先重建内城。由句 1.As our distinguished foreign language teacher,your arrival can help 意可知，填名词作动词give的宾语。 us a lot 10.greedy 考查词性转换。句意：无论我在哪里买小笼包，一蒸笼 i 2.Besides,we can absorb all kinds of resources to learn efficiently. 都不够，而两蒸笼又显得贪心，所以我总是想下次再买。由句 i3.For your visit here,we have arranged a variety of activities. 意可知，填形容词。 4.They made the bread and then went on cooking porridge. Ⅱ.语境辨义练 5.Our team is preparing for the game from living to daily training. 1.①n.房地产②n.学时，课时③n.重要的事情④ad.令人愉 即时演练（六） 快的⑤vt.解雇 1.As far as I'm concerned,this is a disturbing trend. 2.①C②B③A 2.Staring at the screen long is harmful to our eyes. 3.①C②A ③B ④D 3.Delicious breakfast was ready. Ⅲ.语法填空 4.we all felt satisfied 1.was employed 2.greedy 3.helping 4.to 5.Are you feeling any better now? 5 conclusion 6 to be 7.which 8.so 9.submitted 10.firmly :即时演练（七） 核心素养·双写培优 1.As we all know,the ocean offers us sufficient food I.应用文写作运用 2.could you give me some tips 3.wish you a quick and complete recovery 1.DI wish I would be a psychologist in the near future (②I am so passionate about reading books about psychology in the city library 4.I wish you all the best in the future that I can equip myself with more meaningful knowledge. ③As 5.our headmaster will give us a speech first more and more people feel pressure because of the fierce ：即时演练（八） competition,more experts in psychology are needed to attend to 1.call on more people to protect the ocean those suffering from mental problems.4For the sake of my goal, 2.Obviously,online learning allows us to learn at any time wherever the priority is to acquire knowledge suited to the job. we are. 5Professional knowledge combined with enthusiasm,dedication 3.I came here last month and found my courses interesting. and curiosity can ensure me a promising future in my career. 4.I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement. 2.参考范文： i5.Parents think it very useful to build their children's confidence. 即时演练（九） Dear Jim, I wish I would be a psychologist in the near future.Firstly,I am 1.There are many things so passionate about reading books about psychology in the city 2.There exist many ancient temples library that I can equip myself with more meaningful knowledge. 即时演练（十） Additionally,as more and more people feel pressure because of the 1.宾语从句 时间状语从句他发现，拥有“刺猬”型思维方式的 fierce competition,more experts in psychology are needed to attend 人不仅比拥有“狐狸”型思维方式的人更容易出错，而且当事情 to those suffering from mental problems.For the sake of my goal,the 与他们的预测不相符时，他们不太可能意识到，也不太可能承认 priority is to acquire knowledge suited to the job.More importantly 自已错了， 根据这一理 professional knowledge combined with enthusiasm,dedication and 2.后置定语 social media approach devote curiosity can ensure me a promising future in my career. 论，人们对待数字文本的态度与对待社交媒体的态度相 当，社交媒体通常不那么严肃，相比纸质阅读，人们投入的 Li Hua 脑力要少 Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 :3.时间状语从句simple tasks ones that require mental abstraction 、语段写作 ones 纸质阅读的好处尤其突显在实验者从简单任务 一比 第一步l.Like a caged animal,I screamed for help,nearly 如识别阅读文章的主旨 转向需要思维抽象的任务时 一比 deafening myself.How I wish I had never forced my head inside the 如从文本中推断出信息。 pumpkin!2.roars of laughter of my brothers and giggles of my sister 集训夯基·素养提能 reached my ears from outside 3.laughing 4.emerged with a sore I.1.SV02.SP3.There be句型4.SV0A5.SVIOD0 chin,my neck stiff 5.laughed a loud laugh Ⅱ.1.时间状语主语谓语宾语2.主语后置定语 连系 第二步参考范文： 动词表语3.主语谓语同位语4.状语 主语 后置定语 Like a caged animal.I screamed for help.nearly deafening 谓语5.主语 后置定语连系动词表语主系表 myself.How I wish I had never forced my head inside the pumpkin! 语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了中国传统的制 Annoyingly,roars of laughter of my brothers and giggles of my sister ；香业。 reached my,earsfrom outside..“la,ha,ha,”laughing,Dad grabbed.todevelop,考查非谓语动词。句意：杨金庆是清远传统制香的 a knife and carefully cut the pumpkin open.I emerged with a sore! 传承人，他对开发大众化香料有着强烈的愿望。短语a desire to chin,my neck stiff and I even got a seed in my mouth."You made do sth.渴望做某事。故填to develop。 it!"Mom laughed a loud laugh.She was actually filming my whole 2.to考查固定搭配。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传统的熏香 embarrassment. 工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非物质文化遗 产。短语commit oneself to表示“致力于：投身于”。故填to。 635 3.which考查定语从句。句意：几十年来，杨一直致力于清远传： am/is/are+现在分词⑨一般将来时 w+动词原形 统的熏香工艺，这一工艺于2021年6月被国务院列为国家级非：①将来进行时wil+b+现在分词 物质文化遗产。在非限制性定语从句中，which指代traditional:即时演练（一） incense craft,在从句中作主语。故填which。 I.means 2.sets 3.have sought 4.have been writing 4.dating考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家拥有悠久的熏香历 5 are suffering 史，可以追溯到秦朝以前。date back to追溯到，为不及物动词词：即时演练（二） 组，无被动语态，与逻辑主语history构成主动关系，故用现在分I.went2.was fixing3.had visited4.would be/was going to be 词主动表被动。故填dating。 5.were 5.popularity考查名词。句意：在明清时期，它更受欢迎，当时它 !即时演练（三） 被用来抵御疾病、昆虫、蚊子和保持人们的健康。wider为形容！I.will have graduated from school2.is going to deliver a speech 词，后接名词popularity作宾语。故填popularity 3.shall be landing 6.hidden考查非谓语动词。句意：由于地处太行山中丰富的草药 即时演练（四） 资源，宋朝时清远就有了许多香作坊。逻辑主语herbal resources 1.burns 2.is playing 3.have taken 4.rose 和hide之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词表被动。故填hidden。 考点二 7.increasingly考查副词。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大，超过 用法感悟 5万人在500多家当地熏香企业从事熏香业务。 此处用副词 ①一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词②过去进行时 increasingly修饰expand,作状语。故填increasingly 的被动语态 was/were+being+过去分词③过去完成时的被动 8.are engaged考查固定短语。句意：如今，随着市场的日益扩大， :语态had been+过去分词（④一般现在时的被动语态is/am 当地500多家熏香企业从事熏香业务的人数已超过5万人。短 :are+过去分词⑤现在进行时的被动语态 is/am/are being 语be engaged in表示“从事”，根据上文Nowadays可知为一般现过去分词 ⑥现在完成时的被动语态have/has been+过去分词 在时。故填are engaged。 ⑦带情态动词的被动语态情态动词+be+过去分词⑧一般 9.and考查连词。句意：杨金庆在湖北帮助建立了一个草药香工 将来时的被动语态will+be+过去分词，⑨将来完成时的被动 程中心，专门研究古代配方，并开发基于香料的新工艺。根据句 语态 wil+have been+过去分词O将来进行时的被动语态 意可知，此处前后文为并列关系。故填and。 :wil+be+being+过去分词 10.lighting 考查非谓语动词。句意：在喝茶、下棋、阅读或写作 !即时演练（五） 1.be employed 2.was marked 3.have been built 4.sells 时，点上一根香可以帮助镇静神经，集中精神。此处是动名词 5 are held 6.were permitted 作主语。故填lighting。 W.(一 考点三 用法感悟 1.Our English teacher is very young and patient 1.①②④6⑦⑧2B41⑤2.⑤⑨0①3.③ 2.He graduated from college two years ago 3.He often offers us some good advice on English learning./He often 即时演练（六） 1.was offers some good advice on English learning to us. were 2.takes 3.have been informed 4.have been distributed 集训夯基·素养提能 4.He tries to make his classes lively and interesting I.1.wlks考查动词的时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空 5.He asks us to recite some English words every morning. 处为本句谓语动词，根据上下文语境可知，本句时态为一般现 6.Most of us have made great progress with his help. 在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人 7.We feel proud to have such a good teacher. 称单数形式。walk sb.through..意为“带领某人穿过…” (二) 故填walks 参考范文： 2.were考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空格处为本句谓语动词 Our English teacher is very young and patient.He graduated from 根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时：主语 college two years ago.He has been working hard since he came to our 为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。 school.Finding some of us are weak in English,he often offers us some 3 was built考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。空格处为本句谓 good advice on English learning.In addition,he tries to make his 语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过 classes lively and interesting.What's more,he asks us to recite some 去时；主语为“asix-meter-tall pavilion”,单数，和动词“build”之间 English words every morning.As a result,most of us have made great 为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 progress with his help.We all like his classes and admire him very !4.have started考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语“Over much.In a word,we feel proud to have such a good teacher. the last two years'”可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语为复数，助动 第二讲 3个构词法 词用haveo故填have started 5.were 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空前They指代上文提及的 考点突破·精讲即练 四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成 即时演练（一） 时可知，本空时态为一般过去时且为复数形式。故填were。 1.tasty 2.rarely 3.arrival confident 4.responsibility :6.ves考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此处表示这有助于我们找 即时演练（二） 到生活中的重要方面，并给子我们做出正确选择的机会。分析 1.n.自行修复2.ad.像温室一样的3.n.工具箱4.ad.用后 句子结构可知，“help”与空格处是由and连接的并列谓语动词 丢弃的，一次使用的 时态应保持一致，故此处应用一般现在时：且此处为which引导 即时演练（三 的非限制性定语从句中的谓语，which指代“When.·.emotions”, 1..释放，使自由2.u.将…连接成网络3.u.发布 因此，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填gves 4..(使)蜿蜒前进 :7.was named考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构 集训夯基·素养提能 可知，此处为句子谓语：根据时间状语“On April5,2024”可知. I.1.comparison 2.enthusiasm 3.arrival 4.basically 此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时；主语 “John 5.steamed 6.impolite 7.symbolic Tinniswood'”与动词name之间构成被动关系，应用被动语态；且 Ⅱ.1.ad.高质量的2.n.检查站3.ad.并不总是给予支持的 主语为第三人称单数，be动词应用was。故填was named. 4.影响…的发展5.n.指导方针6.复核7..（使）缓慢8.jogged 考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，此处为本句的 地移动8.x.把…分等级，属于某等级9.n.诉讼 谓语动词；根据空格前的“My heart went out to him,and”及语境 专题二 “形”“态”各异的动词 可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。故填 jogged。 9.be done 考查含有情态动词的被动语态。主语what指“事情” 第一讲动词的时态、语态与主谓一致 与谓语动词do之间是被动关系，情态动词should后接动词原 形。故填be done。 考点突破·精讲即练 10.be offered考查含有情态动词的被动语态。动词offer意为“提 考点一 供”，和其逻辑主语构成被动关系，主语they指代前文中的 用法感悟 sausages。 在情态动词could后动词应用原形。故填be offered。 ①一般过去时 谓语动词用过去式形式②过去进行时 was/ ：11.wished考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语 wee+现在分词③过去完成时had+过去分词④过去将来 动词，所以wsh作本句的谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据 计 would+动词原形⑤现在完成时have/has+过去分词 后文的gew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 ⑥一般现在时，谓语动词用动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 :I2.featured考查动词的时态。根据句子结构和句意可知，空白处 ⑦现在完成进行时have/has been+现在分词⑧现在进行时： 作谓语，carved和painted是动词-ed形式作定语，不能作为本句 636语法悟通专题突破 专题一语法基础必备 第一讲 划分句子成分、掌握基本句型并科学分析长难句 考点突破·精讲即练 一、句子成分 态、语态和语气的变化。谓语与主语在“人称”与 句子是表达思想的基本单位，句子的主要成分 “数”方面应保持一致，即主谓一致。 包括主语和谓语，次要成分包括宾语、表语、定语、状 2.结构特征： 语、补足语、同位语等。 单个实义动词 简单谓语 考点一主语 谓语的结 单个动词短语 1.定义：主语是句子讲述的对象，表示所说的 构特征 情态动词+实义动词 “是什么”或“是谁”。主语是谓语动作的执行者或 复合谓语 助动词+实义动词 所处状态的主体。主语一般由名词、代词、数词、动 系表结构 词不定式、动词-ing形式、从句或名词化的形容词等 (2023·新课标I卷满分作文)I appreciate 充当。 your eagerness to improve our oral English,but I feel (2024·新课标I卷满分作文)The entire concern over your arrangement.(实义动词作谓语) experience was incredibly refreshing..(名词作主语) 我很欣赏你对提高我们英语口语的渴望，但我 复 整个体验让人耳目一新。 对你的安排感到担忧。 (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)It aims to raise (2022·新高考I卷满分作文)The English people's awareness of protecting oceans.(代词作主语)】 programme is widely popular among us students. 语 它旨在提高人们保护海洋的意识。 表结构作谓语) (2023·全国乙卷满分作文)Learning to knit 这个英语节目在我们学生中广受欢迎。 helped me develop my creativity and problem-solving First of all,as smart online learners,we can skills..(动词-ing形式作主语) make full use of the most extensive educational 学习编织帮助我发展了创造力和解决问题的： resources to broaden the horizons..(“情态动词+动词 349 能力。 短语”作谓语) (2023·新课标I卷满分作文)What worries 首先，作为聪明的在线学习者，我们可以充分利 me is that pairing us up randomly could result in failure 用最广泛的教育资源来拓宽视野。 in oral improvement.(从句作主语) I do expect Youth can publish more classic works 让我担心的是，我们随机配对可能会导致口语and have a promising future..（实义动词expect前加 提高失败。 do强调谓语动词) 2.位置：主语一般位于句首，但动词不定式（短 我真切希望《青春》能出版更多的经典作品并 语)、动词-ig形式（短语）、名词性从句作主语时，常有一个美好的未来。 用t作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。 即时演练（一） (2022·新高考I卷满分作文)It would be a 写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分。 great idea for us to choose partners freely.it 1.The aged are well taken care of in the village. 式主语) 由我们自由选择合作伙伴是个好主意。 2.Great changes have taken place in China since 考点二谓语 1980. 1.定义：谓语用来描述主语的行为动作、主语具 3.I will spend this summer holiday in the 有的特征或所处的状态，常位于主语之后。谓语主countryside, 要由动词、动词短语、系表结构等充当。谓语有时 4.It is impossible for him to pass the test. examinations..(us为宾语；to pay more attention., examinations为宾语补足语) 考点三宾语 医生经常建议我们多注意饮食和心理健康，并 1.定义：宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代定期进行检查。 词、动词不定式或相当于名词的词（短语或从句）来 2.复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的结构： 充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在 结构 注释 例句 及物动词或者介词之后，有时会有双宾语。 (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)We can't throw 常用于该结构的动词有 We called him Peter. 宾语+ rubbish,especially plastic rubbish there,because name,call,make,find, They made her their 名词 think,leave等 monitor. many sea animals eat them by mistake and are killed at last.（名词作宾语) We can't leave him 我们不能把垃圾，尤其是塑料垃圾扔在那里，因 常用于该结构的动词有 宾语+ alone. 为许多海洋动物错把它们吃掉并最终被杀死。 keep,think,believe,leave. 形容词 She always keeps our I'm glad to know that you've come to learn kung drive,make,get,want classroom clean. fu in a school in my hometown.(从句作宾语) 我很高兴知道你来我家乡的一所学校学习 My uncle drove us 常用于该结构的副词有 功夫。 宾语+ home. down,up,here,there 副词 When getting there. Don't forget to praise your friend for the home,in,out,anywhere she found him out. delicious foods he offers.（动词不定式短语作宾语) 别忘了称赞你朋友提供的美味食物。 We found everything Mr.Smith gave him a lot of valuable advice on 宾语+ 介词短语作宾语补足语常 in good order. 026 介词 how to improve his writing.(him为间接宾语；a lot of 表示宾语所处的状态 I regard him as my 短语 年 valuable advice为直接宾语) best friend. 创 史密斯先生就如何提高他的写作水平给了他许 I saw him enter the 新 多有价值的建议。 三种情况：带to的动词不 room. 计 2.形式宾语：动词不定式（短语）、动词-ing形式 宾语+ 定式：不带to的动词不定 The farmer asked us 动词不 (短语)、名词性从句作宾语，常用t作形式宾语，而 定式 式；带to或不带to皆可的 to have dinner. 中 把真正的宾语放在后面。 动词不定式 She helps her mother 学 Some students find it difficult to study English. (to)do housework. 案 (t作形式宾语)》 动词-img形式作宾语补足 I saw her playing 宾语+ 一些学生发现英语很难学。 语时，宾语即为动词-ing形 动词-img on the playground. Most of us think it no use fighting against each 式逻辑上的主语，与宾语 I heard Tom singing 形式 other.(it作形式宾语) 补足语之间为主谓关系 in the classroom. 我们大多数人认为相互争斗无济于事。 I had my watch stolen I think it very important that we take part in the 宾语+ 宾语和宾语补足语之间是 vesterday. 动宾关系，动词-ed形式表 discussion. 过去 She spoke loudly to 分词 示被动或完成 (t作形式宾语) make herself heard. 我认为我们参加这次讨论是很重要的。 动词不定式（短语）、动词 He found 形式宾 考点四宾语补足语 -ig形式（短语）、名词性 impossible to rise. 语+形 1.定义：宾语补足语是对宾语进行补充说明的句 从句作宾语时，常用t作 I think it useless 容词 子成分，一般放在宾语之后。常用作宾语补足语的有 形式宾语 arguing with her. 名词形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词-ig形 【点津】 式、过去分词等。“宾语+宾语补足语”统称为“复合宾 句型“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”改为 语”。 被动语态时，宾语补足语就变为主语补足语。 Doctors often advise us to pay more attention to i The little boy saw a girl go into the building. our diets and mental health and to take regular(省略to的动词不定式短语作宾语补足语) →A girl was seen to go into the building(by the的定语从句作后置定语，修饰名词girl) little boy).(动词不定式作主语a girl的补足语) 我最好的朋友是一位叫玛丽的姑娘。 那个小男孩看见一个女孩进入了那幢大楼。 2.常用作定语的有名词、代词、数词、形容词、副 考点五表语 词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式、动词不 1.定义：表语位于连系动词后，用来说明主语的身定式、定语从句等。 份、特征状态、性质、职业数量处所等。 It provides us with a good opportunity to have a 2.常见的连系动词主要有下列几种： better command of traditional Chinese culture. (1）表示“状态”类：be(am,is,are,was, 不定式短语作后置定语) were); 它为我们更好地了解中国传统文化提供了一个 (2)表示“持续”类：keep,stay,remain,lie等； 很好的机会。 (3)表示“表象”类：seem,appear等； On arriving at the farm located in the suburb of (4)表示“感官”类：look,sound,smell,,taste,feel;our city,we saw the sea of vegetables,which included (5)表示“渐变”类：grow,tum,get,go,cucumbers,tomatoes and so on.(过去分词短语作后 become,come,fall; 置定语) (6)表示“证明”类：prove. 一到位于我们城郊的农场，我们就看到蔬菜的 3.常用作表语的有名词、代词、形容词、副词、动海洋，有黄瓜、西红柿等。 词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语、表语 考点七状语 从句等。 1.定义：状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词 高 Five years later,he became an engineer..（名词短语或整个句子，用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、 作表语) 目的、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、比较、伴随等。 五年后，他成了一名工程师。 状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。 总 2 This is my dictionary.That is yours.(代词作表语) Most of the students really respect her because she 这是我的词典，那本是你的。 has top teaching skills.(副词作状语；状语从句作状 英 We must keep healthy.(形容词作表语) 语)》 语 我们必须保持健康。 大多数学生确实都很尊敬她，因为她有一流的 My aim is to become a doctor.(动词不定式短教学技巧。 语作表语)》 2.状语一般由副词、介词短语、动词-ig短语 我的目标是成为一名医生。 过去分词短语、动词不定式、状语从句或相当于副词 The movie is quite moving.(动词-ing形式作表语)的词或短语来充当。 35 这部电影非常感人。 Without his help,we couldn't have worked it 即时演练（二） out.（介词短语作状语) 写出加黑部分在句中所作的句子成分。 要是没有他的帮助，我们不会解决它。 1.He managed to finish the work on time. To catch up with my classmates,I must study hard.(动词不定式短语作状语) 2.His wish is to become a scientist. 为了赶上同班同学，我必须努力学习。 3.Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. Youth covers a wide variety of topics to attract senior students,leading us into the outer world. 4.We found him an honest person 词-ing短语作状语) 5.He noticed a man enter the room 《青春》题材广泛，吸引了高年级学生，带领我 考点六定语 们走进外面的世界。 1.定义：定语是用于对名词或代词起修饰、限定 When I was young,I could swim well.(状语从 作用的词、短语或句子。单个词作定语常放在被修句作状语) 饰词之前（前置定语），而短语或从句作定语，往 年轻时，我游泳很好。 往放在被修饰词之后（后置定语）。 He helped me although he didn't know me. My best friend was a girl who was called Mary..语从句作状语) (形容词best作前置定语，修饰名词friend;who引导 虽然他不认识我，但是他帮助了我。 考点八同位语 The racing route began at our school gate and 同位语是对名词或代词的进一步解释说明，且 ended at the foot of the South Hill. 与其前面的名词或代词在语法上处于同等的地位， 比赛路线从我们学校门口开始，到南山脚下 常位于名词或代词之后。常用作同位语的有名词、 结束。 名词短语、数词、代词、同位语从句等。 In the environment,teachers and students You each have a chance to go to college.(代词作 are living happily and working hard 同位语) 在这种环境下，师生们生活快乐，工作努力。 你们每个人都有机会上大学。 注意：不及物动词或短语后不能接宾语，要特别 We students should put our heart into the study.注意英汉表达的差异。 (名词作同位语)》 ①His home broke out a fire last night..(×) 我们学生应专心学习。 他家昨晚发生了一场火灾。 Word came that our school is going to hold a 2A fire broke out in his home last night.(V) class meeting whose topic is related to traditional 即时演练（四） Chinese culture.(从句作同位语) 翻译句子(“主语+不及物动词”结构) 消息传来，我们学校将举办一次主题与中国传 1.(2022·浙江卷读后续写)正如俗话所说，一 统文化有关的班会。 个人可以走得很远，但一群人可以走得更远。 即时演练（三） 单句语法填空 1.She listened to me careful)while 2.父亲驾驶的卡车经常半路抛锚。 we were talking. 2.The girl is wearing a red dress is 026 my cousin. 3.上周末，我和我的同学骑自行车去新兴农场 年 3.He told me the news our team won the i 摘草莓。 创 game. 新 4.Is there any scientific evidence 计 person's character is reflected in their writings? 4.在比赛中友谊第一。 衡 5 weigh only 96 grams,the 中 electronic dictionary is portable and easy to use. 学 案 二、简单句的6种基本句型 5.比赛将于下午2点开始，大约持续3个小时。 句型（一）简约却不简单的“主语+谓语 (i.)(+状语)”结构 1.主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状 句型（二）众人青睐的“主谓宾(+状语)” 态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以 结构 跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能接宾语，也没 “主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的 有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive,come, 青睐，是因为它跟我们的思维方式最接近，因而这个 lie,shine,live,walk,fall,rise,happen,exist,occur, 句型也是考生在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构 agree等。 是：主语+谓语(t.)+宾语(+状语) 2.谓语动词也可以是不及物动词短语，如come 1.该句型中的谓语是及物动词，如respect,. up(被提出)，run out(用完)，get by(勉强生存)， admire,ignore,provide,upset,appreciate等。其后 come out(出版)，break down(出故障)，drop by(顺可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句等作 便拜访)，pass out(晕倒)等。 宾语。 (2022·新高考I卷读后续写)He sat still 2.谓语动词也可以是及物动词短语，如 with a deep breath. communicate with..(与…交流)，stand for(代表； 他静静地坐着，深呼吸。 象征)，get on with..(与…相处)，look forward to I was coughing uncontrollably last night. (盼望)，come across(偶然碰到)等。 昨晚我咳嗽得无法控制。 (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)The ocean maintains the balance of nature. 无二的。它主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、 海洋维持着自然的平衡。 身份等。它的基本结构是：主语+系动词(lik.w.) However,online learning has both advantages and +表语。 disadvantages 1.这种句型无被动语态，也无进行时态。谓语 然而，在线学习既有优势又有劣势 动词需用系动词，表语多为形容词，也可以是名词、 Both students and teachers hope to hold 介词短语或非谓语动词形式等。 such activities again. 常见的系动词有be,还有感官系动词(sound, 学生和老师都希望能再次举办这样的活动。 look,smell,taste,feel);变化系s动词(become,get, (2023·新课标I卷满分作文)I would grow,turn,go,fall,run);持续系动词(remain,keep, appreciate your taking my suggestions into hold,stay);表象系动词(seem,appear)等。 consideration. (2022·全国甲卷满分作文)To protect the ocean 您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。 is to protect ourselves. 注意：(1)有些“主谓宾”结构的句子虽然短小， 保护海洋就是保护我们自己。 但表达的含义更精确，语言更地道。写作中并不 The worst part is that sometimes we lack self- 定句子越长越好。 discipline I could not say any word. 最糟糕的是，有时我们缺乏自律。 →Vords failed me.(单词虽然少，句子更精悍) Regardless of the risk of getting infected, (2)在写作中，同学们比较擅长使用主动语态。 Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job. 如果能灵活使用被动语态，会给句子添彩不少。 李叔叔不顾感染的危险，对工作负责，尽心尽力。 I am not sure whether all the college graduates can The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful find jobs after graduation. and stylish. 总 I am not sure whether all the college graduates 中国传统服装看起来更漂亮，更时尚。 习 can get employed after graduation. 2.在主系表结构中要注意英汉表达的差异，避 英 即时演练（五）】 免中式英语。 翻译句子(“主谓宾”结构) 这件外套很贵。 1.(2022·新高考I卷满分作文)作为我们杰 DThe price of the coat is very expensive.(x) 出的外语老师，您的到来可以帮助我们很多。 2The coat is very expensive.(V) 教版 3The price of the coat is very high.(V) 表示价格的词price可用“高”或“低”，即high 353 2.此外，我们可以吸收各种资源来有效地学习。 或low来修饰，而不可像汉语一样用“贵”或“便宜” 来形容。 即时演练（六） 3.为了你们的来访，我们安排了各种各样的 补全句子/翻译句子(“主系表”结构) 活动。 1.(2022·全国乙卷满分作文)就我而言，这是 个令人不安的趋势。 4.他们做了面包，然后继续煮粥。 2.长时间盯着屏幕对我们的眼睛有害。 3.美味的早餐准备好了。 5.从生活到日常训练，我们队正在为比赛做 准备。 4.看到我们的劳动成果打包装上卡车，我们都 感到很满意。 Seeing our fruits of labor were packed and loaded 句型（三）独一无二的“主系表”结构 onto the truck, 汉语没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主 5.你现在感觉好些了吗？ 系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一 句式（四）一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构 We all miss you very much and “主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到，具有 独特的魅力。与及物动词跟一个单个的宾语结构相 4.我祝你今后一切顺利，旅途愉快。 比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名 and have a 词（短语）相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语+谓语 good journey (t.)+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（物）。 5.开幕式将于上午9点开始，我们的校长将首 1.间接宾语一般位于直接宾语的前面，如果间先给我们发表讲话。 接宾语在直接宾语的后面，那么中间需要加上一个 The opening ceremony will start at 9:00 a.m.and 介词。可用介词to来变换间接宾语的动词：give, offer,hand,show,throw,pass,pay,send,sell,tell, 句式（五）缺一不可的“主谓宾补”结构 lend,write等。（如：give sb.sth.=give sth.tosb.) “主谓宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动 However busy he is,he writes me an e-mail词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须 every week. 加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。 =However busy he is,he writes an e-mail to me 宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟 every week. 在宾语之后。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、 不管他多忙，他每周都会给我写一封电子邮件。形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌 M.Smith gave me.some advice.and lent握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的 me an English dictionary. 基本结构是：主语+谓语(t.)+宾语+宾语补 Mr.Smith gave some advice to me and lent an 足语。 354 English dictionary to me. 1.常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有：call,name, 史密斯先生给了我一些建议并且借了本英文词elect,.make,appoint,leave,consider,keep,wish等。 026 典给我。 We{all}call him。〈a living dictionary). 年 2.可用介词for来变换间接宾语的动词：make, 我们都叫他“活字典”。 创 buy,cook,find,get,order,sing,spare,fetch 2.常用形容词充当宾语补足语的动词有： 新 (如：make sb.sth.=make sth.for sb.) believe,think,get,keep,make,find,set,wish, 计 He bought me a bicyele. consider,.prove,leave,.paint,drive等。 衡 =He bought a bicycle for me. It was Mr.Liu who made me (aware of the 他给我买了一辆自行车。 importance of learning English well). Can you get me some stamps? 是刘老师使我意识到学好英语的重要性。 =Can you get some stamps for me? 3.常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作 你能帮我拿些邮票吗？ 宾补的及物动词有：see,notice,hear,watch, 注意：ask,answer,take,cost等，这一类动词无 observe,feel等。 法改变结构形式。 He saw me (waiting in the rain). May I ask you a question? 他看到我在雨中等。 我可以问你一个问题吗？ Did you see him (go out)? 即时演练（七） 你看到他出去了吗？ 补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾宾”结构) 4.常用todo作宾补的及物动词有：advise,ask, 1.(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)众所周知，海洋 command, encourage,forbid,permit,persuade, 为我们提供了充足的食物。 get等。 Our maths teacher always]encourages us 2.我完全不知道你们对哪种中国传统文化感兴 (to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being 趣，你能给我一些建议吗？ told the answers）. As I'm totally clueless about which type of 我们的数学老师经常鼓励我们自己解决问题而 traditional Chinese culture fascinates you guys, 不是被告知答案。 5.有些动词后常用t作形式宾语，而将真正的 3.我们都非常想念你，祝你早日完全康复。 宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句 型，即“主语+谓语+t+宾补+真正的宾语”。常做很多事情。 见的动词有：think,find,consider,feel,make等。 we can do to learn English The student has made it。〈a rule〉to read well. English magazines every day. 2.那个国家有很多古老的寺庙。 这个学生已经养成了每天读英文杂志的习惯。 in the 注意：考生在写作时切忌好高骛远，在没有把握 country. 基本的简单句的情况下，不要轻易尝试很复杂的句 三、依据句子成分科学分析长难句 子。要从自己可以掌控的东西出发，先学会把自己 纵观历年高考英语试题，可以发现阅读文章中 的思想表达成为得体的简单句，进而对之进行再加出现了许多结构复杂的句子。不难理解，命题者在 工、转换，方能创作出漂亮的作文。 句子难度上大做文章，无非是想通过增加句子长度 即时演练（八） 和使用复杂结构来打断和干扰考生正常的阅读习惯 补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾补”结构) 和思维方式，从而达到考查考生综合阅读能力的目 1.(2022·全国甲卷满分作文)此外，我们还可的。下面我们来分析常见的长难句。 以分发传单，呼吁更多的人保护海洋。 1.长难句的表现形式 What's more.we can also hand out leaflets to 形式1：复合从句 这些句子往往较长，一个从句套着另一个从句， 2.很显然，在线学习让我们随时随地学习。 环环相扣，使得考生搞不清楚整个句子结构。其实， 不管句子有多长、多复杂，它只由两部分构成，即主 干和修饰成分。主干是整个句子的骨架，主要指主 3.我上个月来到这里，发现我的课程是有趣的。 谓宾结构（如：I want a ticket..)或主系表结构（如： The man is a teacher..)。而修饰成分在句中只起修 饰或补充主干的作用，它既可以是单词，也可以是短 习 4.我想你能给予我们指导和鼓励。 语，更常见的则是从句，尤其是定语从句和状语从 英 句。这些从句都很常见，考生比较熟悉，但很多时候 不少考生分不清单词、短语和从句之间的相互关系， 5.父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。 这样会导致整个句子分析混乱。 教 这时，考生应通过仔细分析，将每个修饰成分画 出来，找出句子的主干，这样整个句子结构就清 句式（六）There be+主语+地点状语（或时 晰了。 间状语)（存在句） 【示例】 用来表示人或事物的存在、出现等意义，而且 (2023·1月浙江卷)As you make your lifestyle 大都是用于描述性文章中。表示“（客观）存在、changes,you may find yourself wanting to speak up for 有”。There be句型中，There是引导词，本身无意yourself if others comment on what you're doing,which 义，不可与副词“there(那里)”混淆。动词be是谓 can turn itself into a whole household debate. 语，有时态变化，也可与情态动词连用。动词be的单复 当你改变生活方式时，如果别人对你的所作所 数要和后面邻近的主语一致。 为发表评论，你可能会发现自己想为自己说话，这可 There may be a rain this afternoon. 能会演变成一场家庭辩论。(As引导时间状语从 今天下午可能有雨。 句，wanting to speak up for yourself是宾语补足语，if There stands a tall building across the river 引导条件状语从句，what引导宾语从句，which引导定 over there. 语从句) 河那边耸立着一幢高楼。 (2022·全国乙卷)That is the very likely future There was a car stolen last night. of applying today's "eyes in the sky"technology to 昨晚有辆车被偷了。 making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks 即时演练（九） and infrastructure worldwide are safe for trains on a 补全句子 24/7 basis. 1.(2022·全国乙卷)为了学好英语，我们可以 那很有可能是应用如今的“天眼”技术的未来， 以确保全球数百万千米的铁路轨道和基础设施对于非常感动。（这是一个强调句型，强调作主语的ot 火车来说都能全天候安全运行。（句子主干是That only the gift,but the love of the children for her) is the very likely future,of applying...是介宾短语修 当然，被动句、双重否定句等句式在阅读考试中 饰future,making sure后面是that引导的宾语从句) 也屡屡出现。希望考生能结合阅读实践来体会句法 Of those Australians who still have a landline,a third concede that it's not really necessary and they're 2.长难句的突破方法一结构分析法 keeping it as a security blanket-19 percent say they 所谓结构分析法，就是通过语法分析，迅速弄清 never use it while a further 1.3 percent keep it in case of句子的结构，把握住句子的基本框架。基本步骤：首 emergencies 先，判断该句是简单句、并列句还是复合句；然后，找 在那些仍然有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分出句子的核心成分，分清主语和谓语，再分清句子的 之一的人承认固定电话并不是必需的，他们将其作附属成分。 为一种安全保障一19%的人表示他们从未使用过 方法1：较复杂单句的处理方法一找主语、谓 固定电话，还有13%的人保留固定电话以防紧急情 语，即找主干成分 况。（句首的介词of短语中含有who引导的定语从 较复杂单句在高考试卷中经常出现，所以应引 句，concede和say后面分别接了一个宾语从句) 起考生们的足够重视。 形式2：分隔结构 DHowever,many scientists who specialize in 为了调整语气和增加补充信息，更主要的是为ageing are doubtful about it and say the human body is 了平衡句子结构，避免头重脚轻，使语义严密，结构just not designed to last about120 years. 紧凑，可将语法关系密切的两个句子成分用其他语 此句的主语为many scientists,主语后面包含了 356 法成分分隔开，这就是所谓的分隔结构。考试中出 一个由who引导的定语从句。主句有两个谓语，即 现较多的是插入语、用破折号插入的新话题或补充are doubtful和say,say后面又包含了一个宾语 D26 信息。此外，还有一些句子成分（一般是定语）过长从句。 年 而出现后置，也可以看作是插入现象，只不过它只是 2Some companies have made the manufacturing 度 创 句子原有成分位置的调整，没有新增信息。 of clean and safe products their main selling point and 新 设 【示例】 emphasize it in their advertising. 计 That said,to be honest the only people who ever 此句的主语为Some companies,有两个谓语，即 ring our home phone are our Baby Boomers parents,to have made emphasize 中 the point where we play a game and guess who is calling 3At the press of a button,a microcomputer locks 学 案 before we pick up the phone. all other floors'chute (doors and sets the 也就是说，老实说，唯一打过我们家庭电话的人recycling container turning until the right box comes 是我们婴儿潮一代的父母，到了我们玩拿起话筒以under the chute 前猜一猜是谁在打电话游戏的时候了。(That said 此句的主语为a microcomputer,有两个谓语，即 与后面的宾语从句之间被插入语to be honest隔开locks和sets。 了，宾语从句中的主语the only people后who引导的 方法2：并列复合句的处理方法一找并列 定语从句使其与谓语部分are our Baby Boomers连词 parents隔开了) ①The hot sun had caused the dough(面团)to 形式3：改变语序 double in size and fermenting yeast(made the 改变语序主要指倒装句式。这种打破相对固定 surface shake and sigh as though it was breathing. 的常规语序的做法，或是为了强调句子表达的重心， 2Miss Germaine's mother looked anxious through 或是强调一种表达语气，如虚拟语气、否定语气等。the wedding and Mr Cordell's parents are reported to be 这些句子往往和一些副词、连词相关，有明显的less than delighted. 标志。 句①中第一个and和句②中的and是连接两个 【示例】 并列成分的，两句话中的and都是连接两个并列 It was not only the gift,but the love of the单句。 children for her that moved her very much. 方法3：主从复合句的处理方法一找连接词 不仅仅是这份礼物，还有孩子们对她的爱，使她 Whereas a woman's closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage,it wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his friend's 译文： marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa. whereas尽管，引导了一个让步状语从句，it 2.(2024·新课标I卷)According to this theory, wasn't unusual to hear a man say he didn't know his people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to friend's marriage was in serious trouble until he social media,which are often not so serious,and devote appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa less mental effort than when they are reading print. 为主句，其中t为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式。 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。suited to social 方法4：并列复合句和主从复合句并存的处理media作 修饰mindset;which引导的非限 方法—先读懂并列复合句，再看主从复合句 制性定语从句，修饰先行词 ;and连接 If you ask people to name one person who had the 主句并列的谓语 和 greatest effect on the English language,you will get 译文： answers like“Shakespeare'”“Samuel Johnson”and "Webster",but none of these men had any effect at all compared to a man who didn't even speak English- 3.(2024·新课标l卷)The benefits of print reading William,the Conqueror. particularly shine through when experimenters move 首先弄清并列复合句，即but连接的两个句子，from posing simple tasks-一-like identifying the main idea 再看but前是一个含有if引导的条件状语从句的复in a reading passage-一to ones that require mental 合句，but后是一个含有who引导的定语从句的复 abstraction-such as drawing inferences from a text. 合句。 分析：本句是一个主从复合句。when引导 即时演练（十）】 ,其中like identifying the main idea 习 长难句分析 in a reading passage fu such as drawing inferences from 英 1.(2024·北京卷)He has found that hedgehogs are a text分别补充说明 袋 not only wrong more often than foxes,but that they are that require mental abstraction less likely to recognise or admit that they are wrong 定语从句，修饰先行词 0 when events do not match their predictions. 译文： 分析：本句是一个复合句。三个that均引导 ;but连接两个并列的宾语从句；when引 集训夯基·素养提能 I.写出下列句子的句型结构 we would like to be in the future 1.We need the Internet 2.The meeting held yesterday was important. 2.The Mid-Autumn Festival is around the corner. 分析：The meeting作 ;held yesterday作 ;was作 ;important作 3.There are 45 students in our class. 3.Word came that the mayor would pay a visit to 4.I want to have a cup of tea very much. our school next week. 分析：本句为主谓结构，Word作 came 5.She cooked her husband a delicious meal 作 that the mayor would pay a visit to our school next week是 从句，说明主语的内容。 Ⅱ.分析下列句子的句子成分 4.During the same period,trade along the Silk 1.One day some of my students were talking abouti Road also boomed. what we would like to be in the future. 分析：介词短语During the same period作 分析：One day作 some of my trade作 ,介词短语along the Silk students作 ,were talking about作 ,what Road作 ,boomed作 5.Perhaps the best way to understand Western art IV.按要求完成下列各题 is to look at the development of Western painting over (一)用简单句翻译句子 the centuries. 1.我们的英语老师非常年轻而且有耐心。 分析：the best way作 ,动词不定式短语to understand Western art ,is是 ;动词不定式短语to look at the 2.他两年前从大学毕业。 development of Western painting over the centuries ,整个句子是一个 结构。 Ⅲ.语法填空 3.他经常给我们提供一些好的学习英语的 Incense (is material that releases fragrant 建议。 smoke when burnt.Yang Jinging,an inheritor of Qingyuan traditional incense making,has a burning desire 1. (develop)popular fragrances.For 4.他尽力使他的课活泼有趣。 decades,Yang has committed himself 2. the traditional incense craft in Qingyuan,3. was named a national intangible cultural heritage by the 5.他要求我们每天早上背诵一些英语单词。 State Council in June 2021. The country boasts a profound incense history date)back to before the Qin Dynasty. 6.在他的帮助下，我们大多数人都取得了很大 358 The craft and its culture thrived during the Song的进步。 Dynasty.It found wider 5.(popular)during 026 the Ming and Qing dynasties when it was used to fend off diseases,insects,mosquitoes and preserve people's 7.我们为拥有这样一位好老师感到自豪。 度 health. 新 Qingyuan saw many incense workshops set up 设 计 during the Song Dynasty,thanks to its close (二)把上述句子连成一篇80词左右的短文，可 衡 geographical location to abundant herbal resources 适当增加细节。 6 (hide)in the Taihang Mountains. 学 Nowadays,with the 7. (increasing) expanding market,more than 50,000 people 8. (engage)in the incense business in more than 500 local incense businesses. Yang Jinging has helped to establish an engineering center for herbal incense in Hubei that specializes in studying ancient recipes 9. developing new crafts based on the fragrance."We might think incense culture is very elegant and, therefore,far away from us,but it is actually very close to our lives.he says."When drinking tea,playing chess,reading or writing,10.(light)an incense stick can help calm the nerves and concentrate the mind.” "I want future generations to appreciate the charm of China's incense culture and craft."he adds.