必修第一册 Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【衡中学案】2026年高考英语一轮总复习学案（人教版）

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 必备知识·巧记活用 立体巧记单词 1.whistle vi. 2.tornado n.pl.-oes or-os) 3.drought n. 4.tsunami n. 5.volcanic eruption 6.evacuate vt. vi. 7.helicopter n. 词 8.crack n. vi.vt. 9.brick n. 10.metal n 11.revive ut.vi. 认 12.revival n. 13.unify vi.vt. 14.volcano n.(pl.-oes or-os) 15.typhoon n. 16.hurricane n. 1. n.灾难；灾害 2. vi.&vt.(slid)(使)滑行；滑动→ (过去式)→ (过去分词) 轮总复习 1 n.洪水；大量i.淹没；大量涌入t.使灌满水：淹没 4. n.&vt.营救；救援 t.损害；破坏n.损坏；损失 英语 6. t.摧毁；毁灭 n.避难处；居所；庇护t.保护；掩蔽i.躲避（风雨或危险） 6 n.汽油；气体；燃气 9 n.&t破坏；毁坏 (人教版 药 10. n.百分之…ad.&ad.每一百中 11. t.使落入险境；使陷入圈套n险境；陷阱 汇 12. t.埋葬；安葬→ (过去式)→ (过去分词) 045 13. n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 14 n.上下文；语境；背景 写 15. n.供应（量）补给；[pl.]补给品t.供应；供给 16. .&t.轻叩：轻敲：轻拍n.水龙头：轻叩：轻敲 n.管子；管道 18 ad山.镇静的；沉着的t.使平静；使镇静 19. n.援助；帮助：救援物资i.&t.(formal)帮助；援助 20. t.&i.碰撞；撞击n.撞车；碰撞 21. t.&i.打扫；清扫→ 过去式)→ (过去分词) 22. n.海浪；波浪i.&t.挥手；招手 23. i.&t.侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击→ (过去式)→ (过去分词) 1. n.死；死亡→ ad.死的→ ad.致命的→ .死亡 t.影响：（疾病）侵袭：深深打动→ n.效果：结果：影响→ ad山.有效的→ n.喜爱 n.震惊；令人震惊的事；休克t.(使)震惊→ ad(令人震惊的 → ad.感到 汇 震惊的 n.电；电能→ ad.电的；用电的→ ad.电子的 5 vi.&vt.呼吸→ n.呼吸→ ad或.气喘吁吁的 6. n.智慧；才智→ ad山.明智的→ ad.不明智的 个 t.遭受；蒙受i.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→ n.受难；苦楚 i.&t.(火山)爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出→ n.喷发 9 i.生存；存活t.幸存；艰难度过→ n.幸存：生还→ n.幸存者；生还者 词 9 n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→ ad.强大的；强壮的→ ad山.无力的 汇会变 11. n.突发事件；紧急情况→ ad山.紧急的→ i.浮现；出现 2 t&vi.递送；传达t.发表→ m.投递；送交 13. n.总结：概括：概要→ t.&i.总结：概括 14 n.长；长度→ ad.长的→ u.(使)变长→ ad.漫长的；冗长的 1.A (洪水)had hit the area earlier that year and the (损失)it caused had driven away a number of birds 2.(牛津高阶)A wealthy sponsor came to our (营救)with a generous donation. 3.(剑桥高阶)The accident seemed to have completely/totally (摧毁)his confidence 4.(剑桥高阶)They opened a (避难所)to provide temporary housing for the city's homeless. 5.(朗文当代)Twenty miners were (使落入险境)underground. 6.(剑桥高阶)His father is _(埋葬)in the cemetery on the hill,. 7.(2024·全国甲卷，书面表达)Shared bicycles,like a wave of green tidings,have （横扫)across China's cities,offering a sustainable and eco-friendly way to get around. 8.(剑桥高阶)The police have warned the public that the killer could _（侵袭)again. 9.(2022·全国甲卷)It is my firm belief that only with joint （s努力)can we have a better tomorrow. 046 l0.(2022·新高考I卷)When approaching the finish line,he burst into a big toothy smile and (挥手)to me with excitement. 2026 运 11.She drew the curtains and the sunlight (大量涌入)in. 用 12.A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing three years ago but (废墟) 年 l3.(牛津高阶)The earthquake caused damage property estimated at $6 million. 能 14.Only when we react to emergencies in life (calm)can we solve problems in a better way. l5.(朗文当代)She heard the wind (whistle)through the trees and the howl of a distant wolf. 计 16.(牛津高阶)Who's that tap)at the window? 17.People were to see that the little girl was often beaten by her stepmother.The news 中 all the people around.(shock) 18.We measured the of the area and found it was just three meters and thus,we needed to it. (length) 19.He takes a deep and in the sweet smell of fresh flowers.breathe) 20.Mastering some basic skills would greatly increase your chances of Thanks to the swimming skills,he and his friend succeeded in the terrible flood and they were the only two (survive) 21.I have much for my mum,whose words and actions have a positive on me.I was deeply by her.effect) 22.The disease has affected many people and has caused at least 30 up to now.dead) 23.When an incident you can immediately call the call.emergency) 语境助记短语 像往常一样 2. 似乎：好像：仿佛 3 结束：终结 x 严重受损；破败不堪 5 …的数量 6 除…以外什么也不；只有；只不过 准记牢 震惊；吃惊 4 掘出；发现 9 张贴；搭起 9 露天；在户外 11 急救箱 12. 现有（尤指帮助） 13 消灭；彻底消除 1.(牛津高阶)His career lies 2.(剑桥高阶)Iwas for about two weeks after the accident. 语 3.(剑桥高阶)A1,200-strong military force will be to monitor the ceasefire. 4.（剑桥高阶)A large wave half the sandcastle. 用 5.(朗文当代) they'd left the children at home with Susan. 6.(剑桥高阶)The story was lies 7.(2022·浙江1月卷)The world won't in most cases just because you left a few things undone. 词汇拓展记忆】 后缀-al名词荟萃 “ABB”型不规则动词 “in+n.”短语面面观 ①sweep,swept,swept打扫；清扫 ①in return作为回报 ①survive-→survival n.幸存；生还 ②deal,dealt,dealt处理；交易；对付 ②in detail详细地 ②revive-→revival n.振兴；复苏 ③slide,slid,slid(使)滑行；滑动 ③in control在控制之内 ③arrive-→arrival n.到达 ④fight,fought,.fought（与…）作战； ④in shock震惊；吃惊 ④propose-→proposal n.提议，建议 战斗 ⑤in order井然有序 ⑤approve-→approval n.批准，认可 ⑤flee,fled,led逃走；逃避 ⑥in place在适当的 ⑥strike,struck,struck/stricken侵袭；突击 位置 了仿写速记句式 6.be doing..when..正在做…突然… I was having breakfast with my three children when 原句译背 water started filling my home. 1.t00..t0.…太…而不… 总 Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat,and dogs refused to go inside buildings 仿写运用 英 1.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)年轻人太忙了而不和大自然 2.asf引导表语从句 互动。 It seemed as if the world were coming to an end. Young people interact with nature. 2.(2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写)他看着我好像我 不在那里一样。 047 3.主语+be+ad.+todo He looked at me Water,food,and electricity were hard to get. 3.(2024·华南师大附中期末)我们公司欢迎那些容 易相处的人。 Those who are welcome 4.those who... to our company. Soon after the quakes,the army sent 150,000 4.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)他说，但那些参加不那么激烈 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were 的运动的人的心并没有改变。 trapped and to bury the dead. But the hearts of participated in less intense exercise didn't change,he says. 5.现在分词短语作结果状语 5.不幸的是，他的父亲去世了，使得他的家境更加 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years 困难。 caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Unfortunately,his father died, Asia yesterday,killing more than 6,500 people in Indonesia,ndia,Thailand,Malaysia,and at6.(2024·北京卷)我正在教室里看书，这时听到一 least four other countries. 则通告。 in the classroom 核心考点·讲练提升 归纳拓展 1.affect,影响；感动；（疾病）侵袭；使感染 (1)be a shock to..对…而言是一件震惊的事 佳句背诵 in shock吃惊地，震惊地 Affected by those selfless doctors,I have developed a electric shock触电；电休克 deep affection for the career. (2)shocked ad.感到震惊的 在这些无私的医生的影响下，我喜欢上了这个职业。 be shocked at sth./that..对…感到震惊 归纳拓展 be shocked to do sth.因做某事而感到震惊 (l)be affected by受…的影响；被…感动 (3)shocking ad.令人震惊的 be affected with感染…疾病 多维训练 (2)affection n.喜爱 单句语法填空 show/have an affection for..喜欢…，喜爱. DOn hearing that,all my classmates were (3)effect n.影响；结果；效果 (shock),exploding into whispers. have an effect/influence/impact on/upon对…产 2Seeing the great mess in the kitchen,the father was 生影响 numb shock. take effect起作用；产生效果 ③I was shocked hear)the news that his car come into effect开始实施 got crashed the other day seriously.The news was 048 side effect副作用 shock to us. (4)effective adj.有效的 一句多译 026 ④熊在篱笆上撕了一个洞，把头伸进去，这让埃利和 多维训练 年 我都很震惊。 度 单句语法填空 -The bear tore a hole in the fence and put his head 创 ①(2023·全国甲卷)Putting electric fencing around 新 in 设 chicken houses and other farm animal quarters is also (定语从句) 计 highly (effect)at getting grizzlies away. the bear 衡 写作运用提能 tore a hole in the fence and put his head in.what 中 学 ②得知你由于感染了重病而回爱尔兰，我非常抱歉。 导的主语从句) 案 Learning that you have returned to Ireland because 3.bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；隐藏 ,I am terribly sorry about it. 佳句背诵 ③(2023·全国甲卷，短文投稿)总的来说，这位伟Jennifer sat on the floor,burying her face in her 人对我有巨大的影响。我经常被其数不清的感人hands,and her body trembled as she softly began to 故事深深感动。 cry.(动作+情绪描写) In summary,the great figure 詹妮弗坐在地板上，双手捂着脸，身体颤抖着，轻声 地开始哭泣。 his countless moving stories. 归纳拓展 2.shock vt.(使)震惊n.休克；震惊；令人震惊的事 ibury sth.in..把某物埋在… bury one's face/head in hands双手掩面/抱头 佳句背诵 bury one's sorrow in wine借酒消愁 If you are travelling where the customs are totally bury oneself in=be buried in埋头于，专心于 different from your own,you may feel a cultural 多维训练 shock. 单句语法填空 如果你旅行的地方的风俗与你自己的完全不同，你①（牛津高阶词典）Since she left,he's buried himself 可能会感到文化冲击。 his work. ②（牛津高阶词典）He walked slowly,his hands bury)in his pockets. 5.effort n.努力；艰难的尝试；尽力 ③（有道词典）The young man,who also seemed 佳句背诵 deeply bury)in thought,raised his eyes. As we all know,without efforts nothing can be 写作运用提能 achieved. ④我每天专心读英文报并获得了丰富多彩的知识。 众所周知，不努力则一事无成。 I 归纳拓展 and I have gained lots of make an/every effort to do sth.努力做某事 colorful knowledge. spare no effort/efforts to do sth.不遗余力地做某事 ibe worth the effort努力是值得的 I have gained lots of colorful knowledge.(用过去分 多维训练 词短语作状语改写) 单句语法填空 4.suffer vt..遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤 ①(2022·全国乙卷)Drinks now contain45 million 等)受苦 fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts (avoid)the charge,according to 佳句背诵 Treasury figures. The smiles on their faces have deeply touched me and ②(2022·全国甲卷)With the efforts inspired me to devote my life to helping those suffering make)by both sides,we began to understand each pains. other better. 轮 他们脸上的笑容深深打动了我，激励我致力于去帮 写作运用提能 总 复 助那些遭受痛苦的人。 ③让我们现在就开始，每一分钟都不遗余力地做好 归纳拓展 点滴。 Let's start right now and (1)suffer from遭受…折磨；患…病 little bit every minute. suffer from cold and hunger饥寒交迫 suffer pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship 6.survive vi.生存；存活vt.幸免；幸存；艰难度 服 受痛苦/失败/损失/贫穷/饥饿/苦难 过；生还；比…活得长 (2)suffering n.[U](指肉体或精神上遭受的)痛 佳句背诵 49 苦/疼痛/困难；[C]痛苦；苦恼的事 The Xi'an City Wall is the most complete city wall that sufferer n.患病者；受苦者；受难者 has survived China's long history. 多维训练 西安城墙是中国漫长历史中所留下来的最完整的 单句语法填空 城墙。 ①(2022·新高考I卷)The project is also being used 归纳拓展 to help patients suffer)from dementia (1)survive on靠…存活下来 (痴呆)，a serious illness of the mind. survive sth.幸免于；从…中活过来 ②（牛津高阶词典）Many companies are suffering A survive B(by+时间)A比B活得长(…) a shortage of skilled staff. (2)survivor n.幸存者 写作运用提能 survival n.幸存；生还 ③(2023·新课标I卷，续写)我的老师感叹道：“在 多维训练 写作的过程中，你一定经历过失败和艰辛。正是 单句语法填空 这些痛苦使你的意志更加坚强。” DWe will do everything in our power to help those My teacher exclaimed,"In the process of writing, survive)in the tornado you .Itis②（牛津高阶）His only chance of survive) make you more strong-willed. was a heart transplant 3Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe,surviving He took a few deep breaths to entirely discarded(丢弃的)food. 4Although the old lady suffered from a serious illness, 8.on hand现有（尤指帮助） she still survived her husband 5 years. 佳句背诵 写作运用提能 (朗文当代)Our staff are always on hand to help ⑤生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在 我们的工作人员随时准备提供帮助。 雨中翩翩起舞。（读后续写之升华句） 归纳拓展 Life isn't about it's about (1)in hand在手头；可供使用 learning to dance in the rain. ⑥(2022·全国甲卷)没有海洋，任何生物都无法生 at hand在手边；即将到来 存，包括人类。 by hand手工；靠人工 Without the oceans, hand in hand手拉手；密切关联 with one's hands用自己的双手 give/lend sb.a hand帮助某人 7.calm vt..使平静；使镇静ad冷静的；平静的 on the one hand...on the other hand...一方面… 另一方面… 佳句背诵 (2)hand in上交；呈交 (牛津高阶)lt's important to keep/remain/.stay calm hand out分发 in an emergency. hand over移交 情况紧急的时候，保持镇静是重要的。 050 归纳拓展 多维训练 用hand短语填空 026 (1)calm sb./oneself down让某人/自己冷静下来 ①（柯林斯词典）There are experts to give calm one's nerves镇定神经 年 you all the help and advice you need. 度 calm the pain减轻痛苦 ②（柯林斯词典）Rice farmers here still plant and 创 (2)be/stay/keep/remain calm保持镇静 新 harvest their crops (3)calmly ad.平静地；冷静地 计 ③（柯林斯词典）I saw them making their way, calmness n.镇静 down the path. 中 易混辨析 4Many will have a tough time unless financial markets 学 calm 平静的，沉着的；指无风浪或人的心情不激动 improve or their governments ⑤（有道词典） 宁静的，安静的；指没有声音、不吵闹或心里 _participating in quiet 没有烦恼、焦虑 extra-curricular activities allows children to develop their hobbies while too many silent 寂静的，沉默的；指不说话或没有声音 such activities can increase children's burden. still 静止的，不动的；指（人体等）无运动的 信) 多维训练 ⑥(2023·新课标I卷)When I the 选词填空 essay to my teacher,he read it,laughed out loud, ①当面对危险时，要保持冷静；照相时，要保持不动； and said,“Great.Now,write it again.” 其他人睡觉时，要保持安静；而在课上，不应该对 写作运用提能 老师的问题保持沉默。 ⑦在出发去农场的路上，老师强调了亲力亲为的重要性。 When facing danger,one should keep ;when On the way to the farm,our teacher taken photos,one should keep when someone else is asleep,one should keep in 9.sweep vt.&vi.(swept,swept)打扫；清扫 class,one shouldn't keep about the teacher's questions. 佳句背诵 写作运用提能 The students were sweeping up when I entered the ②他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。 classroom.(应用文写作之学校生活) 当我走进教室的时候，学生们正在打扫卫生。 写作运用提能 归纳拓展 ②被他为我所做的事情所感动，我不能自已，感激的 sweep away消灭；完全打消 泪水顺着脸颊流下来。（读后续写之心理描写） sweep up打扫；清扫 Because ,1 sweep aside无视；置之不理 couldn't contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing sweep through掠过（某地）；蔓延 down my cheeks I 多维训练 couldn't contain myself,tears of gratitude flowing 单句语法填空 down my cheeks..(用过去分词短语作状语改写) ①(2022·全国甲卷)Shirley Fitzgerald,the city's ③我突然想到我可以通过把我的头塞进南瓜赢得第 official historian,told me that in its rush to 名。 modernity in the 1970s,Sydney swept I could much of its past,including many of its finest buildings. win the first place by forcing my head inside the pumpkin. 2I hope my good news for you will sweep the shadow of disease. 11.in ruins严重受损；破败不堪 ③（牛津高阶）Rumours swept the town. 佳句背诵 10.strike vt.vi.struck,struck/stricken) The whole city lay in ruins after the earthquake,which 打；罢工；（时钟等）敲响：擦（火柴）；撞击；侵 made us awake all night.(应用文之场景描写) 袭；给（某人以…）印象；突然想起.罢工 地震过后，整个城市成了一片废墟，使我们彻夜 总 罢课；袭击 未眠。 习 佳句背诵 归纳拓展 英 What struck me most was the enthusiasm of the local (1)be/lie in ruins成为废墟；毁灭 语 people. fall/come into ruin成为废墟；毁灭 给我印象最深的是当地人的热情。 bring..to ruin使…毁灭 归纳拓展 (2)ruin n.废墟；毁灭t.毁灭；使破产 (1)be struck with/by被…所袭击（感动） ruin one's hope/health毁掉某人的希望/健康 It strikes/struck sb.that..,某人觉得…；某人突 ruin oneself自取灭亡 然想起… 多维训练 sth.strike(s)/struck sb.某人想到… 单句语法填空 strike fear/terror into one's heart使某人感到害怕 ①（牛津高阶词典）Careful examination of the 恐惧 (ruin)revealed an even earlier temple. (2)be on strike在罢工 一句多译 igo on strike举行罢工 2The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting (3)stricken ad.受灾的，患病的，受苦的 against the deadly virus day and night and it nearly striking adj.惊人的，显著的，引人注目的 ruined his health. 名师点津 -The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting 表示“突然想起”的表示还有： against the deadly virus day and night, It hits/hit sb.that... .(用which引导的非限制性定 It occurs/occurred to sb.that... 语从句改写) 多维训练 The doctor I respect most buried himself in fighting 单句语法填空 against the deadly virus day and night, DThe workers are coming out strike for higher .（用现在分词短语作状 wages,which is a shock to the government 语改写) ⑤(2022·浙江1月卷，读后续写)我觉得他对待我 12.asif/though似乎；仿佛；好像 就好像我会阻止他，让他在课程中无法获得A。 佳句背诵 I felt he treated me The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up and probably make him fail to get an A to her as if she were their own mother. in the course. 孩子们对她很友好，甚至尊敬她，好像她是他们自己 的母亲。 13.I was having breakfast with my three children 归纳拓展 when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早饭，突然海水开 (1)asif相当于as though,意为“似乎，好像”，用在 始灌到我家。 seem,look等系动词之后引导表语从句。asif/ though还可引导方式状语从句。 佳句背诵 (2)若asif/though从句描述非现实情况，则用虚拟 Some children were sliding on the ice happily when 语气。 they heard someone crying for help.(动作描写) ①当从句表示与现在事实相反的情况时，谓语动词 些孩子正高兴地在冰上滑着，这时他们突然听到 用一般过去时(be动词一般用were); 有人呼救。 ②当从句表示与过去事实相反的情况时，谓语动词 归纳拓展 用过去完成时(had+过去分词)； 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when 052 ③当从句表示与将来事实相反的情况时，谓语动词 表示“这时突然”之意，还用于以下三种句型： 用would/.could/might+动词原形 026 (1)be about to do..when..正要做…突然… 名师点津 年 (2)be on the point of doing..when..正要做… 度 若从句描述的情况发生的可能性很大，则不用虚拟 突然… 创 新 语气。 (3)had(just)done..when..刚做完…这时突 多维训练 计 然… 单句语法填空 衡 多维训练 中 (DListen,the whistle of an ambulance!It seems as if 学 there (be)an emergency. 单句语法填空 2When a pencil is partly put into a cup of water,it ①(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Heny fix)his car looks as if it (be)broken. when he heard the screams. 写作运用提能 写作运用提能 ③(2022·新高考I卷，读后续写)大卫坚持跑步 ②他们正要在户外搭起帐篷，这时一声响亮的口哨 好像他忘记了自己所有的弱点，尽管他在几公里 声把他们吓坏了。 内被绊倒了。 They were David insisted on running a loud whistle though he was tripped over within frightened them. a few kilometers. ③妈妈刚睡醒，就闻到一阵食物诱人的味道。 ④树林里很黑，似乎每一簇灌木丛后面都有一头凶 Mother she smelt an 猛的野兽。她越这样想就越害怕。（读后续写之 inviting smell of food. 心理描写) ④(2023·浙江1月卷)我正站在车旁，这时一只蜂 It is dark in the woods.It seems as if 鸟飞到我们群的中央，开始盘旋。 The more she thinks a hummingbird of this,the more frightened she is. flew to the center of our group and began hovering. 关键能力·对点习得 【.单句语法填空 2.选出deliver的汉语意思 1.(2023·新课标I卷)There you will find Xiao long A.vt.递送 B.t生小孩；接生C.t.发表（演 bao prepared differently-more dumpling and less 说等) soup,and the wrappers are pressed hand rather than rolled. DThe princess had been delivered of a healthy baby 2.(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷)Besides,working in the boy,which made the handsome prince wild with calm)effect excitement. garden seems to have a Jaramillo's special education students, 2The son of a grocer,he'd spent the summers of his many of whom have emotional control issues. childhood delivering food in Bernardsville,New 3.(2023·全国甲卷)Terri,who now rents a house Jersey. with friends in Wandsworth,South West London, 3Good evening,everybody.Professor King will be says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when delivering his lecture in a moment,but let me introduce him first. a tenancy(租期)comes an end. 4.(2023·浙江1月卷)I was just about to leave 3.选出power的汉语意思 the hummingbird appeared. A.n.权力B.n.力量，能力C.n.有影响力的 5.The event celebrates its 22nd anniversary with a great 大国D.n.电力E.u推动，驱动F.n.统 局 show of the very best of gardening, 治；政权 make)it one of the most popular events in DIt was in the year 1843 that he came to power with 轮 gardening. his wife's assistance. 总 6.(2022·浙江1月卷)With help from Tesla, 2The electric car,powered by the latest battery, 习 Westinghouse's firm developed a system using can drive 600 miles on a single charge. 英 alternating current,which soon became the major 3The patient is left with the power to choose what forms of power deliver). he wants to talk about. 7.The last thing I saw was Don's face,looking Agriculture gave people their first experience of calm)back at me. the power of technology to change lives. 8.(2022·浙江1月卷)Data collection was a 5Since lighting is often far removed from the power (length)process. source...a lot of energy is lost during transmission. 053 9.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)After you have revised your draft until it is too messy work)from anymore, 6(2022·1月浙江卷)The United States rose to you can enter your changes into your word processor. global power on the strength of its technology,and 10.(2022·全国甲卷，应用文写作)What's more,we the lifeblood of that technology has long been can also hand leaflets to call on more people electricity. to protect the ocean Ⅲ.语法填空 Ⅱ.语境辨义练 Disasters such as tornadoes,droughts,floods, 1.写出加黑部分的词性和汉语意思 landslides,volcanic eruptions,typhoons,hurricanes DI climbed to the top of a small rise and realised i and earthquakes have come one after another,1. that the mist was little more than a few feet deep. cause )great damage to many countries.In summary,the earthquake has the 2. (bad) 2When we visited the old family home,past sweet effects.The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more memories came flooding back. than 240,000 3.die).90 percent of homes 3She was rushed to the hospital after suffering from lay in ruins and people suffered a lot.Food,water and shock. electricity were hard to get.Everywhere 4. ④(2023·新课标I卷)Why can certain plants shocked survivors saw destroyed bricks,deep cracks trap harmful bacteria(细菌)？ in village wells and useless metals as if the world were at an end.Rescue teams who were in shock dug out the aided these areas by delivering food and supplies by trapped,5.(bury)the dead,and built helicopters.Though these natural disasters can not be shelters in the open air.With unified efforts and avoided,we can take some protective measures wisdom of all people,the city revived 6. (it) 8 lower)their damage.When 9. and began to breathe again.Earthquakes under the sea(trap)in an emergency we should keep calm,tap on a can also cause tsunamis.The tsunami 7. pipe or whistle for help,stay away from power lines and struck Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines.Huge survive on what you have on hand.Last but not least, waves swept away many people.Foreign countries always keep first aid kits at home just 10.case. 核心素养·双写倍优 【.应用文写作运用一慰问信 2.使用恰当的过渡衔接词连句成篇 假设你是李华，在得知笔友王林的家乡遭受地 震的消息之后，作为校学生会主席，你决定给他写- 封慰问信，主要内容包括： 1.得知情况及感受； 2.表达安慰和鼓励。 1.根据提示，利用本单元所学知识翻译句子 ①我是学生会主席李华。听到一场可怕的地震意 外地袭击了你的家乡，我感到非常遗憾。(strike, 054 同位语) 026 年 ②我渴望借此机会向那些在地震中遭受巨大苦难 创 的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。（suffer,who 新 引导定语从句) 计 中 学 ③得知救援队已经赶到你的家乡伸出援助之手， Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 我感到宽慰。(rescue,现在分词短语作状语) 情感描写之“恐惧、惊恐”（二） 、素材积累 ①root sb.to the spot/rooted to the spot呆立 ④他们冒着生命危险营救被困在废墟的人们，完 吓呆 不动 全把他们的安全抛在身后，这值得我们尊重和钦 ②freeze with fear/terror/fright/horror吓呆 佩。(be trapped in,ruin,现在分词短语作状语， 非限制性定语从句) ①sweat with fear吓得直冒汗 冒汗 ②(palms)sweat(手心)冒汗 ①tremble//shake with fear吓得发抖；胆战心惊 发抖、 ⑤在政府和全国各地人民的帮助下，我们没有必 发软 ②(knees)knock in fright吓得双膝直打颤 要担心任何事情。(aid) ③knees feel weak双膝发软 毛骨 Dsend a chill down/up sb.'s spine 令某人脊背发凉，令某人毛骨悚然 ⑥我坚信虽然深受地震的影响，灾区很快就会复 悚然 ②a chill deep down in one's bones毛骨悚然 苏，一切都会好起来的。(affect,revive,状语从句 二、语段写作 的省略) 【情境导语】 莫莉被独自留在一所黑暗的大房子 里，半夜有人敲门，她惊恐万分…unable to move an inch.Extremely frightened,I felt my legs were :家的6,500多人死亡。 6.我正和我的三个孩子一起吃早饭，突然海 trembling and my palms were sweating.Then beside me was my wife, :水开始灌到我家。 who was standing still,frozen with fear.Looking at the polar bear's :仿写运用 bloody mouth.she was nearly dead with fright.A wave of fear swept 1.are too busy to 2.as though I weren't there 3.are easy to get along over her.Her throat tightened and her knees felt weak. with 4.those who 5.leaving the family even worse off 6.was reading a 直击高考·精准落实 book when there was an announcement 真题感悟 核心考点·讲练提升 1.C根据空后一句“有一个健身伙伴，你将会训练得更努力，因为：1.①effective②you are affected with a serious/severe illness ③affects 你们之间有一种微妙的竞争。”可知，C项（如果你和别人一起训 me greatly/has a great effect/influence/impact on me I am often deeply 练，你会更努力。)符合语境。故选C affected by2.①shocked②with③to hear a④which shocked Elli 2.D根据空后一句“Or do you .and flexibility?”可知，设空处也and me/which made Elli and me shocked What shocked Elli and me was 应是一般疑问句，是对本段首句的进一步解释。由此可知，D项 :that3.①in②buried③buried④bury myself in/am buried in (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为一名更好的运动员吗？)符：reading the English newspaper every day Buried in reading the English 合语境。故选D。 newspaper every day4.①suffering(②from③must have suffered 3.B根据空后一句“如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人（你的伙 defeats and hardships the sufferings that 5.1to avoid 2made 伴)一定得是同一个健身房的。”可知，设空处内容应该与健身伙：③spare no effort to do6.①survivors②survival③on④hy 伴所在的位置有关。由此可知，B项（健身伙伴通常需要住在附 5how to survive the storm 6no living things would survive,humans 近。)符合语境。故选B。 included/including humans 7.1calm still quiet silent 2)calm 4.G空前介绍了作者的健身伙伴发布的寻找健身伙伴的帖子的！himself down8.①on hand②by hand③hand in hand④lend them 内容，因此设空处也应与帖子内容有关。故G项（任何寻找训练：a hand ⑤On the one hand on the other hand⑥handed in 伙伴的通知都应包括这些信息。)符合语境。故选G。 7stressed the importance of working with our own hands 9.Daside 5.F 根据空前一句“你和你的伙伴可能有不同的技能。”可知，F②away ③through10.①on②I was struck with/by what he had done 项（接受你和健身伙伴之间的不同之处并且学会彼此合作。）符！for me Struck with/by what he had done for me③It suddenly struck 合语境。故选F。 hit/occurred to me that 11.Drins (2which nearly ruined his health 文本再用 nearly ruining his health I2.①is②were③as if he had forgotten all 三)included宾语从句她的通知包括她想做什么样的训练，每！his weaknesses④there were a fierce beast behind every bush⑤as 周多少天，每次训练要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。 though I would hold him back 13.Dwas fixing 2about to put up/on the point of putting up the tent in the open air when 3had just woken UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS up when 4was standing by the car when 关键能力·对点习得 必备知识·巧记活用 !L单句语法填空 1 立体巧记单词 i1.by 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现小笼包的制作方式不 阅读词汇会认 同 更多的馅，汤少，外皮是用手压的，而不是卷起来的。by hand 1.吹口哨；发出笛声吹口哨 哨子（声）：呼啸声2.龙卷风：旋 “用手”是固定搭配。故填by。 风3.旱灾；久旱4.海啸5.火山喷发6.疏散；撤出撤离 2.calming on/upon考查非谓语动词和介词。句意：此外，在花园里 7.直升机8.裂纹；裂缝（使）破裂9.砖；砖块10.金属 工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人 11.复活：（使）苏醒12.振兴：复苏13.统一：（使）成一体 都有情绪控制问题。第一空用动词-ig形式作定语；第二空固定短 14.火山15.台风16.（尤指西大西洋的）飓风 语have an effect on/upon“对…有影响”。故填calming:on/upon. 重点词汇会写 13.to 考查介词。句意：特里现在和朋友在伦敦西南部的旺兹沃斯租 1.disaster 2.slide slid slid 3.flood 4.rescue 5.damage 了一套房子，她说DY还能让她在租约到期时避免损失任何押金。 6.destroy 7.shelter 8.gas 9.ruin 10.percent 11.trap comes to an end结束。故填to。 12.bury buriedburied 13.effort 14.context 15.supply 4.whn考查固定句型。句意：我正要离开，这时那只蜂鸟出现了。 16.tap 17.pipe 18.calm 19.aid 20.crash 21.sweep swept be about to do..when..正要做…突然…。故填when swept 22.wave 23.strike struckstruck/stricken 5.making 考查非谓语动词。句意：该活动庆祝其22周年，并展示了 拓展词汇会变 最好的园艺，使其成为园艺中最受欢迎的活动之一。动词-ig形式 1.death dead deadly die 2.affect effect effective affection 作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。故填making 3.shock shocking shocked 4.electricity electric electronic 6.delivery 考查词性转换。句意：在特斯拉的帮助下，威斯汀豪斯的 5.breathe breath breathless 6.wisdom wise unwise 7.suffer 公司开发了一种使用交流电的系统，交流电很快成为电力输送的主 suffering 8.erupt eruption 9.survive survival survivor 10.power 要形式。由句意可知，把动词deliver变成名词形式。故填delivery。 powerful powerless 11.emergency emergent emerge 12.deliver 7.calmly 考查词性转换。句意：我最后看到的是唐的脸，他平静地看 delivery 13.summary summariz(s)e 14.length long lengthen 着我。此处用副词修饰动词短语look at。该题极易误判为系表结 lengthy 构。故填calmly 运用巩固提能 8.lengthy 考查词性转换。数据收集是一个漫长的过程。由句意可 1.flood damage 2.rescue 3.destroyed 4.shelter 5.trapped 知，填形容词修饰名词。故填lengthy 6.buried 7.swept 8.strike 9.efforts 10.waved 11.flooded 9.to work 考查固定句型。句意：当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱无法 12.ruins 13.to 14.calmly 15.whistling 16.tapping 17.shocked 再用了，你可以把你的修改输人到你的文字处理器。too..to., shocking shocked 18.length long lengthen 19.breath breathes 太…而不…。故填to work 20.survival surviving survivors 21.affection ettect attected 0.ot 考查动词短语。句意：更重要的是，我们还可以分发传单，呼 22.deadly deaths 23.emergent emerges emergency 吁更多的人保护海洋。hand out分发。故填out。 2语境助记短语 Ⅱ语境辨义练 写准记牢 1.①n小山②大量涌入③m.休克④.留存/吸收 1.as usual 2.as if 3.come to an end 4.in ruins 5.the number of... 2.①B②A③C 6.nothing but 7.in shock 8.dig out 9.put up 10.in the open air :3.①F②E③A④B⑤D⑥C 11.first aid kit 12.on hand 13.sweep away Ⅲ.语法填空 语境运用 1.causing 2.worst 3.deaths 4.the 5.buried 6.itself 7.that/ Lin runs 2.in shock 3.on hand 4.swept away 5.As usual which 8.to lower 9.trapped 10.in 6.nothing but 7.come to an end 核心素养·双写培优 3仿写速记句式 :L应用文写作运用 原句译背 1.1I'm Li Hua,chairman of the Student Union.I'm deeply sorry to 1.鸡甚至连猪都太紧张而不能吃东西，狗也不愿意进屋里去。 2.仿 hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly struck your hometown 佛世界末日即将来临。 3.很难得到水、食物和电 4.地震钢刚刚过 (2I'm eager to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy and 去，部队派出了15万名战士奔赴唐山，将受困群众从废墟中挖出，并掩 concem for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake. 埋死者。 5.过去40年来最强的一次地震引起的海啸昨天登陆了亚 3 Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend 洲海岸，造成印度尼西亚、印度、泰国、马来西亚以及其他至少四个国： a helping hand,I feel relieved.4They have risked their lives to 600 rescue people trapped in ruins,totally leaving their safety重点词汇会写 behind,which deserves our respect and admiration. 5 With 1.billion 2.native 3.attitude 4.system 5.despite 6.factor the aid of the government and people across the country,there is no :7.symbol 8.means 9.classic 10.regard 11.character need for us to worry about anything.6Im fully convinced that though 12.calligraphy 13.affair 14.struggle 15.petrol 16.subway deeply affected by the earthquake,the stricken area will be revived 17.apartment 18.gap 19.vocabulary soon,and everything will be fine. 拓展词汇会变 2.参考范文： 1.reference refer 2.based base basis basic 3.variety vary Dear friend, various 4.major majority 5.global globe 6.appreciate I'm Li Hua,chairman of the Student Union.I'm deeply sorry to appreciation appreciative 7.specific specifically 8.beg beggar hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly struck your hometown. 9.equal equally equality 10.demand demanding I'm eager to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy 11.description describe 12.relate related relation relationship and concern for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake. ;运用巩固提能 Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a 1.despite 2.character 3.carved 4.struggling 5.vocabulary helping hand,I feel relieved.They have risked their lives to rescue 6.system 7.gap 8.symbol 9.gases 10.toward/to 11.majority people trapped in ruins,totally leaving their safety behind,which majoring majors 12.appreciation appreciative appreciate deserves our respect and admiration.What's more,with the aid of 13.equal equally equality 14.demanding demands the government and people across the country,there is no need for 15.describing description 16.beggar begging 17.base basis us to worry about anything. I'm fully convinced that though deeply affected by the earthquake, basic 18.referring reference 19.varieties varying various the stricken area will be revived soon,and everything will be fine. i20.global globe 语境助记短语 Yours, Li Hua 写准记牢 Ⅱ.读后续写微写作 1.refer to 2.ups and downs 3.date back to...)4.point of view 二、语段写作 5.relate to 6.be known for 7.bridge the gap between us 8.lead to 第一步l.made her hair stand on end/sent a chill down her spine 9.play a major role in 10.have trouble with 11.depend on 2.At midnight someone pounded at the door.She froze with terror. ;语境运用 3.She trembled/shook with fear 4.Molly crawled out of bed and 1.referred to 2.dates back to 3.ups and downs 4.point of view tiptoed downstairs 5.Molly felt that the blood in her body froze i5.lead to 6.play a major role in 7.relate to rapidly 6.Her knees felt weak 3 仿写速记句式 第二步参考范文： 原句译背 The idea of being alone in the dark big house made her hair stand on1.这之所以成为可能有很多原因，其中一个主要因素就是中国书 end/sent a chill down her spine.At midnight someone pounded at the写体系。 2.这种书写体系在凝聚中华民族和中华文化方面具有 door.She froze with terror.She trembled/shook with fear.Her fingers were 重要意义。 3.即使在今天，不论住在哪里，也不论说何种方言 curled into a fist,nails digging into her palm.Where were Mom and Dad? 中国人都仍能通过书写（文字）进行交流。 4.随着中国在全球事 Molly crawled out of bed and tiptoed downstairs..Molly felt that the blood务中扮演着越来越重要的角色，越来越多的国际学生开始通过汉 in her body froze rapidly at the sight of the dark figure outside the glass 语这一奇妙的语言欣赏中国的文化和历史。 5.这是对大脑的锻 door.Meanwhile,her knees felt weak.She reached for her cellphone to 炼：我对一门语言的了解越多，我的大脑就越发达。 call the police,only to find it out of power. 仿写运用 直击高考·精准落实 1.why you show up here 2.be of special interest 3.no matter how 真题感悟 small it might seem 4.As time goes by 5.The harder the greater 1.B细节理解题。根据第一段第三句“Airplanes seed threatening;progress you will make storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before 核心考点·讲练提升 they can grow into dangerous hailstones..”可知，该计划的执行方式是1.①查阅：参考②提到③把.…称作 ④把…提交 飞机在暴风云中播撒特定的化学物质，促使云层中的小冰晶变成雨 给… ⑤reference 6 in/with reference to what kinds of 水降落，从而在它们发展成为具有破坏力的冰雹之前将其化解。这 traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most Dyou (should) 说明计划的目的是防止冰雹的形成。故选B。 refer to reference books or turn to others for help 2.1 Based 2.A细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“But farmers in east- ②Basing 3basically are also offered opportunities to watch table central Alberta..worry that precious moisture（水分）is being tennis competitions on a regular basis 5 based on their language stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding..”和第二段整段 abilities 3.①a②by③has been tried④means⑤could by 可知，位于防雹工程飞行作业下风区的阿尔伯塔省中东部的农 no means scare the wolf off/away By no means could Mac scare the 民们对该计划表示担忧，认为此举会增加该地区干旱的风险，因 wolf off/away4.①in②as③regarding/with regard to a play 此反对这个计划。故选A。 3.C推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“One doubter about the :5.①being given②it③I would really appreciate it if you could inform me of I would really appreciate your informing me of 4I'm safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell.. ”可知，查克·多斯威 尔也是对人工增雨作业的安全性持怀疑态度的一员，而1999年 writing to express/convey my appreciation for 6.1 equally 2without 3equal me in oral English Equally important I am 他目睹的由投放了人工增雨物质的暴风云形成巨大龙卷风的案 例，正是暗示了人工增雨的一个潜在危险。故选C。 equal to the job7.①be told②in demanding③Some students 4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，由于缺乏科学依据来证明 demanded to be provided with To meet/satisfy their demand(s) 人工增雨的害处，所以目前没有人能在法庭上赢得针对人工增 :they(should)observe the using regulations8.①to②to③to 雨公司的诉讼，这使得私人气候工程可以在相对合法的环境下 ④related to in relation to 9.①against/with ②to meet 进行。由此推断人工增雨公司将会继续存在。故选D ③struggle for your dream 10.①back②that/which dates back to 文本再用 dating back to 11.Dof 2which is of great importance/significance (三)farmers worry that.·宾语从句插入语 east-central Alberta ③is of great benefit 1.2.①where②Whatever it is no matter how 但是，在阿尔伯塔省中东部，也就是防雹工程飞行作业下风区的农民：sml( 3)However/No matter how hard she tried 4Whoever breaks 们担心，人工增雨正在从他们干旱的土地上偷走宝贵的水分。 the law 关键能力·对点习得 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND I.单句语法填空 THE WORLD 1.globally basically考查词性转换。句意：根据生态环境部等17 个部门联合印发的《国家气候变化适应战略2035》，气候变化监 必备知识·巧记活用 测预警能力达到全球先进水平，气候风险管理和预防体系基本 1立体巧记单词 成熟。两空都是形容词变副词，修饰动词。故填obly: 阅读词汇会认 basically 1.骨头；骨（质）2.壳；壳状物3.雕刻4.王朝：朝代5.地方2.billions考查数词。句意：一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全 话；方言6.舌头；语言7.学期8.内裤；短裤裤子 可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元呢？billions 601