Unit 1 People of Achievement知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+语法知识)清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册

2025-10-29
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册
年级 高二
章节 Unit 1 People of Achievement
类型 学案-知识清单
知识点 -
使用场景 同步教学-单元练习
学年 2025-2026
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 DOCX
文件大小 74 KB
发布时间 2025-10-29
更新时间 2025-10-29
作者 匿名
品牌系列 -
审核时间 2025-10-28
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高中英语选必一 Unit 1知识点 一、核心词汇 1.crucial(adj.关键的):表示对事物发展起决定性作用,不可或缺。 [例句]Regular exercise is crucial for maintaining good health, especially for people with busy work schedules.(规律运动对保持健康至关重要,尤其是对工作繁忙的人来说。) [副词形式]crucially(关键地) [例句]Crucially, we need to finish the project before the deadline to avoid extra costs.(关键是,我们需要在截止日期前完成项目,以避免额外开支。) 2.vital(adj.必不可少的):强调事物的重要性达到“生死攸关”或“核心必需”的程度。 [例句]Teamwork is vital to the success of this research project, as no single person can handle all the tasks alone.(团队合作对这个研究项目的成功必不可少,因为没有哪个人能独自完成所有任务。) [副词形式]vitally(生死攸关地) [例句]Vitally, the emergency team arrived at the accident scene within 10 minutes.(至关重要的是,急救队在10分钟内赶到了事故现场。) 3.commit(v.承诺;保证;忠于):可表示对某事、某人的承诺,也可指“全身心投入”某项事业。 例句1:She committed herself to helping homeless people by volunteering at the shelter every weekend.(她承诺帮助无家可归者,每个周末都在收容所做志愿者。) 例句2:The scientist committed all his time to the study of cancer treatment.(这位科学家把所有时间都投入到癌症治疗研究中。) [派生词] committed(adj.坚定的;坚信的):He is a committed environmentalist who never uses plastic bags.(他是坚定的环保主义者,从不用塑料袋。) commitment(n.忠诚;献身):Her commitment to teaching has inspired many students over the past 20 years.(过去20年里,她对教学的投入激励了许多学生。) 4.objective(adj.客观的;n.目标):作形容词时表示“不受主观影响的”,作名词时指“想要达成的目的”。 例句1(adj.):When writing a report, you should keep an objective attitude and avoid personal opinions.(写报告时,你应保持客观态度,避免个人观点。) 例句2(n.):Our main objective this year is to increase the company's market share by 15%.(我们今年的主要目标是将公司的市场份额提高15%。) [派生词] object(n.物体;目标;v.反对):She objected to the plan because it would cost too much money.(她反对这个计划,因为它耗资太大。) objection(n.反对):The manager raised an objection to the new policy, saying it might affect employee morale.(经理对新政策提出反对,称其可能影响员工士气。) 5.distinct(adj.清晰的;清楚的;有区别的):可形容“声音、图像清晰”,也可表示“两者之间差异明显”。 例句1:The outline of the mountain was distinct against the blue sky.(在蓝天的映衬下,山脉的轮廓清晰可见。) 例句2:There is a distinct difference between traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine in treatment methods.(中医药和西医药在治疗方法上有明显区别。) [派生词] distinction(n.区别;差别):The distinction between "borrow" and "lend" is often confusing for English learners.(“borrow”和“lend”的区别常让英语学习者困惑。) distinctive(adj.独特的):Her distinctive singing voice made her popular among young people.(她独特的嗓音让她在年轻人中很受欢迎。) 6.obtain(vt.赢得;获得;vi.(规章、习俗)存在):强调通过努力、申请等方式“获得”某物,或表示“(规则、习惯)通行、存在”。 例句1(vt.):He obtained a master's degree in computer science after three years of hard work.(经过三年努力,他获得了计算机科学硕士学位。) 例句2(vi.):In some rural areas, old traditions still obtain, such as celebrating the Spring Festival with family gatherings.(在一些农村地区,古老传统依然存在,比如全家团聚过春节。) 形容词形式:obtainable(可得到的) [例句]Fresh vegetables are easily obtainable in this supermarket even in winter.(即使在冬天,这家超市也很容易买到新鲜蔬菜。) 7.acknowledge(vt.承认;公开感谢):可表示“承认事实、错误”,也可指“公开对他人的帮助表示感谢”。 例句1:The company finally acknowledged that its product had a quality problem and offered refunds to customers.(公司最终承认其产品存在质量问题,并向消费者提供退款。) 例句2:The author acknowledged her teachers in the preface of her book for their support.(作者在书的序言中感谢了老师的支持。) [派生词] acknowledged(adj.公认的):Tu Youyou is an acknowledged expert in the field of traditional Chinese medicine.(屠呦呦是中医药领域公认的专家。) acknowledgement(n.承认;感谢):His work received little acknowledgement from the public at the beginning.(起初,他的作品几乎没有得到公众的认可。) 8.defeat(vt.击败;战胜;n.挫败):作动词时表示“在比赛、战争中打败对手”,作名词时指“失败、受挫的经历”。 例句1(vt.):Our team defeated the defending champion in the final and won the trophy.(我们队在决赛中击败卫冕冠军,赢得奖杯。) 例句2(n.):The failure of the experiment was a great defeat for him, but he didn't give up.(实验失败对他来说是一次重大挫折,但他没有放弃。) 形容词形式:defeated(被击败的;受挫的) [例句]The defeated team left the stadium quietly, but they promised to train harder next time.(失利的队伍安静地离开了体育场,但他们承诺下次会更努力训练。) 9.analyse(vt.分析):指通过拆解、研究细节,找出事物的本质或规律。 [例句]The data collected from the survey will be analysed to find out customers' needs.(从调查中收集的数据将被分析,以找出消费者的需求。) [派生词] analyst(n.分析者):A financial analyst predicted that the stock market would rise next month.(一位金融分析师预测股市下个月将上涨。) analysis(n.分析;化验分析;心理分析):The analysis of the sample showed that it contained high levels of harmful chemicals.(样本分析显示其中含有高浓度的有害化学物质。) 10.insist(v.坚持;坚决要求):后接“on doing sth”表示“坚持做某事”,接从句时常用“(should) do”虚拟语气(should可省略)。 例句1:She insisted on walking home alone even though it was raining heavily.(尽管下着大雨,她仍坚持独自步行回家。) 例句2:The teacher insisted that all students (should) hand in their homework before Friday.(老师要求所有学生周五前交作业。) [派生词] insistence(n.坚决要求;坚持主张):His insistence on strict safety rules prevented many accidents in the factory.(他对严格安全规则的坚持,预防了工厂的许多事故。) insistent(adj.坚持的;坚决要求的):The insistent敲门声 made her open the door quickly.(急促的敲门声让她赶紧开了门。) 11.scientific(adj.科学的;关于科学的):形容“符合科学原理、方法的”,或与“科学领域相关的”。 [例句]The company used a scientific method to test the effectiveness of the new product.(公司采用科学方法测试新产品的效果。) [派生词] science(n.科学):Modern science has made great progress in space exploration.(现代科学在太空探索方面取得了巨大进步。) scientist(n.科学家):Many scientists are working on developing renewable energy sources to reduce pollution.(许多科学家正在研发可再生能源以减少污染。) 12.conclusion(n.结论;推论):指通过分析、推理后得出的最终观点或判断。 [例句]After discussing for hours, the committee finally reached a conclusion that the project should be carried out.(经过数小时讨论,委员会最终得出结论:该项目应推进。) [派生词] conclude(v.断定;完成):From his behavior, we can conclude that he is not telling the truth.(从他的行为来看,我们可以断定他没有说实话。) conclusive(adj.结论性的;毫无疑问的):The evidence provided by the police is conclusive, so the suspect was arrested immediately.(警方提供的证据确凿,嫌疑人随即被逮捕。) 13.circumstance(n.条件;环境;状况):常用复数形式“circumstances”,表示“周围环境、客观条件”。 [例句]Under no circumstances should you open the door for strangers when you are alone at home.(独自在家时,无论何种情况都不要给陌生人开门。) 搭配:in/under the circumstances(在这种情况下) [例句]In the circumstances, it's better to postpone the meeting to next week.(在这种情况下,把会议推迟到下周更好。) 14.found(vt.创建;建立;把……建立在):强调“创立组织、机构”或“以……为基础”,过去式和过去分词均为“founded”。 例句1:This university was founded in 1912 and has a history of over 100 years.(这所大学创办于1912年,已有超过100年的历史。) 例句2:His theory is founded on years of practical research.(他的理论建立在多年的实践研究基础上。) 名词形式:founder(n.创建者) [例句]The founder of the company started his business with only $10,000.(这家公司的创始人仅用1万美元起步创业。) 15.infer(v.推断;推定):指根据已知信息或线索“推断出”未知情况,主语通常是人。 [例句]From the fact that she didn't answer the phone, we can infer that she might be busy.(从她没接电话这一点,我们可以推断她可能在忙。) 名词形式:inference(n.推理;推断) [例句]The inference he made from the data was later proved correct by further experiments.(他从数据中得出的推断,后来被进一步实验证明是正确的。) 16.politician(n.从政者;政治家;政客):可指“从事政治工作的人”,中性或略带贬义(视语境而定)。 [例句]The politician proposed a new policy to improve public transportation in rural areas.(这位从政者提出了一项改善农村公共交通的新政策。) [派生词] political(adj.政治上的):This issue has become a major political debate in the country.(这个问题已成为该国的重大政治争议。) politics(n.政治;政治事务;(个人的)政治观点):He is not interested in politics, but he cares about social issues.(他对政治不感兴趣,但关心社会问题。) 17.theory(n.理论;学说):指“未经完全验证的科学理论”或“关于某事物的系统观点”。 [例句]Einstein's theory of relativity changed people's understanding of time and space.(爱因斯坦的相对论改变了人们对时空的认知。) [派生词] theoretical(adj.理论的;假设的):This is just a theoretical idea; we need to test it in practice.(这只是一个理论想法,我们需要在实践中检验它。) theoretic(adj.理论上的,空谈的):His theoretic analysis lacks practical support.(他的理论分析缺乏实践支持。) theorist(n.理论家):The theorist spent years studying the relationship between economy and culture.(这位理论家花了多年时间研究经济与文化的关系。) 18.relativity(n.相对性;相对论):特指“相对论”(爱因斯坦提出),也可表示“相对性”这一概念。 [例句]The theory of relativity is one of the most important achievements in modern physics.(相对论是现代物理学最重要的成就之一。) [派生词] relative(adj.相对的;n.亲戚):Happiness is relative—what makes one person happy may not make another happy.(幸福是相对的——让一个人幸福的事,不一定让另一个人幸福。) relate(v.有联系,涉及,关于):This article relates to the impact of technology on daily life.(这篇文章涉及科技对日常生活的影响。) related(adj.有关系的,有关联的):The two events are closely related; we need to study them together.(这两件事密切相关,我们需要一起研究。) 19.gentle(adj.温柔的;平缓的):可形容“人的性格温和”或“事物状态平缓”(如天气、水流)。 例句1:She has a gentle personality and is always patient with children.(她性格温柔,对孩子总是很有耐心。) 例句2:The river flows with a gentle current, making it safe for swimming.(这条河水流平缓,适合游泳。) [副词形式]gently(文静地;轻轻地) [例句]She gently touched the baby's cheek and sang a lullaby.(她轻轻抚摸宝宝的脸颊,唱起了摇篮曲。) 20.passion(n.酷爱;激情):指对某事、某人强烈的热爱或情感。 [例句]His passion for music led him to become a professional pianist.(他对音乐的热爱让他成为了一名职业钢琴家。) 形容词形式:passionate(狂热的;充满激情的) [例句]She is a passionate advocate for animal rights and often participates in related activities.(她是动物权利的热心倡导者,经常参加相关活动。) 21.consequence(n.结果;后果):指“某行为或事件引发的结果”,常含“负面后果”的隐含意义。 [例句]If you don't take the medicine on time, you may face serious consequences.(如果不按时吃药,你可能会面临严重后果。) [派生词] consequent(adj.随之发生的):The company suffered a loss, and the consequent layoffs made many employees worried.(公司出现亏损,随之而来的裁员让许多员工感到担忧。) consequently(adv.因此;结果):He didn't study hard; consequently, he failed the exam.(他学习不努力,因此考试不及格。) 22.remarkable(adj.非凡的;显著的):形容“人或事物具有突出、令人印象深刻的特点”。 [例句]The scientist made a remarkable discovery that changed the course of medical research.(这位科学家有了一项非凡的发现,改变了医学研究的方向。) 名词形式:remark(n.言论;评论;v.谈论,评论) [例句]The professor made a few remarks on the student's thesis before giving feedback.(教授在给出反馈前,对学生的论文发表了几点评论。) 二、重点短语 1.commit oneself to do:承诺,保证做某事;遵守协议或安排 [例句]When you sign the contract, you commit yourself to finish the work within three months.(签订合同时,你承诺在三个月内完成工作。) 拓展:也可接“doing sth”(commit oneself to doing sth),含义相同,如:She committed herself to helping the poor.(她承诺帮助穷人。) 2.insist on:坚决要求;坚持(做某事) [例句]My parents insist on me going to bed before 11 o'clock every night to ensure I get enough sleep.(父母坚决要求我每晚11点前睡觉,以保证充足睡眠。) 搭配:insist on sth/doing sth,如:He insists on his own opinion and refuses to listen to others.(他坚持自己的观点,不愿听别人的意见。) 3.flow chart:流程表;流程图(用于展示步骤、流程的图表) [例句]Before starting the project, the team drew a flow chart to clarify each member's responsibilities and the order of tasks.(项目开始前,团队画了一张流程图,明确每个成员的职责和任务顺序。) 4.take up position:担任,任职(指开始从事某职位或角色) [例句]After graduating from university, he took up a position as an engineer in a famous tech company.(大学毕业后,他在一家知名科技公司担任工程师。) 同义短语:take up a post/job,如:She took up a post as a teacher in her hometown last year.(去年她在家乡担任教师一职。) 5.wear and tear:(正常使用造成的)磨损,损耗 [例句]This old sofa has suffered a lot of wear and tear after being used for 10 years, but it's still comfortable.(这张旧沙发用了10年,磨损很严重,但仍然很舒服。) 语境:常用于描述物品因长期使用产生的自然损耗,如家具、电器、衣物等。 6.come to power:开始掌权,上台(指政党、领导人开始执政) [例句]The new government came to power last month and immediately announced a series of policies to improve the economy.(新政府上个月上台,随即宣布了一系列改善经济的政策。) 注意:主语通常是“government”“party”或“leader”,如:The president came to power in 2020.(这位总统于2020年上台执政。) 7.sum up:总结,概括(指对内容、观点进行简要归纳) [例句]At the end of the meeting, the manager summed up the key points and assigned tasks to each department.(会议结束时,经理总结了重点,并给各部门分配了任务。) 搭配:sum up sth/sum sth up,如:Can you sum up the main idea of this passage in three sentences?(你能三句话概括这篇文章的主旨吗?) 8.according to:根据,按照;据……所说(引出信息的来源或依据) 例句1:According to the weather forecast, it will rain tomorrow, so we need to cancel the outdoor activity.(根据天气预报,明天会下雨,所以我们需要取消户外活动。) 例句2:According to my teacher, this book is very helpful for learning English grammar.(据我的老师说,这本书对学习英语语法很有帮助。) 9.with the help of...:在……帮助之下(表示借助他人或事物的帮助) [例句]With the help of his classmates, he finally finished the difficult experiment on time.(在同学的帮助下,他终于按时完成了这个困难的实验。) 同义表达:with one's help,如:With her help, I improved my English speaking skills a lot.(在她的帮助下,我的英语口语进步了很多。) 10.due to:由于,因为(后接名词、代词或动名词,表原因) [例句]The flight was delayed due to bad weather, so many passengers had to wait at the airport.(航班因天气恶劣延误,许多乘客不得不在机场等候。) 注意:“due to”不能直接引导从句,若接从句需用“due to the fact that...”,如:He couldn't attend the meeting due to the fact that he was ill.(他因为生病没能参加会议。) 11.lead to:导致,引起(指某事物引发另一事物的发生,主语通常是“原因”,宾语是“结果”) [例句]Lack of exercise and unhealthy eating habits can lead to many diseases, such as obesity and high blood pressure.(缺乏运动和不健康的饮食习惯会导致多种疾病,如肥胖和高血压。) 语境:可用于描述因果关系,如社会现象、健康问题、环境问题等。 12.pass away:消失,去世(“去世”的委婉表达,比“die”更礼貌、正式) [例句]His grandfather passed away peacefully in his sleep at the age of 92.(他的祖父92岁时在睡梦中安详去世。) 注意:“pass away”无被动语态,主语通常是人,如:The old scientist passed away last week, and the whole country mourned him.(这位老科学家上周去世,全国都在哀悼他。) 13.make great contributions to:对……做出巨大贡献(“contributions”后接介词“to”,“to”后接名词或动名词) [例句]Tu Youyou made great contributions to the world by discovering artemisinin, which saves millions of lives every year.(屠呦呦通过发现青蒿素为世界做出了巨大贡献,这种药物每年拯救数百万人的生命。) 拓展:“make contributions to”可根据语境调整形容词,如“make important contributions to”(做出重要贡献)。 14.die from:死于(后接外部原因,如事故、灾害、疾病的具体症状等;“die of”后接内部原因,如疾病名称、衰老、饥饿等) 例句1:Many people died from the earthquake that happened in this area last year.(去年这个地区发生的地震导致许多人死亡。) 例句2:He died of cancer after fighting against the disease for two years.(与癌症抗争两年后,他去世了。) 15.graduate from:从……毕业(“graduate”为不及物动词,后接“from”+学校名称) [例句]She graduated from Peking University in 2018 and now works as a journalist.(她2018年从北京大学毕业,现在是一名记者。) 注意:若表达“毕业于某专业”,需加“in”,如:He graduated from Tsinghua University in computer science.(他毕业于清华大学计算机专业。) 16.by chance:偶然地,碰巧(表示事情发生没有提前计划,意外发生) [例句]I met my old friend by chance at the airport yesterday; we hadn't seen each other for five years.(昨天我在机场偶然遇到了老朋友,我们已经五年没见了。) 同义短语:by accident,如:She found the lost key by accident when cleaning the room.(她打扫房间时偶然找到了丢失的钥匙。) 三、核心句式 1.These will help you form a better impression of the subject described in the passage. [结构]help sb do sth(帮助某人做某事);过去分词短语“described in the passage”作后置定语,修饰“the subject”。 [含义]这些(单词/信息)将帮助你对文章中所描述的主题形成一个更好的印象。 [仿写]Reading English novels will help you form a better understanding of the culture reflected in the stories.(读英语小说将帮助你更好地理解故事中所体现的文化。) 2.Artemisinin has become a vital part of the treatment for malaria, and is thought to save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alone. [结构]“be thought to do sth”(被认为做某事);“alone”此处表示“仅仅,只”,强调范围或数量。 [含义]青蒿素已经成为治疗疟疾的重要组成部分,据信每年仅在非洲就挽救了10万人的生命。 [仿写]Online learning has become a common way of education, and is thought to help millions of students study more flexibly at home.(在线学习已成为一种常见的教育方式,据信能帮助数百万学生在家更灵活地学习。) 3.Upon hearing that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize, she said, “The honour is not just mine…” [结构]“upon + doing sth”(一……就……,相当于“as soon as”);“that”引导宾语从句,作“hearing”的宾语。 [含义]当她得知自己被授予诺贝尔奖时,她说:“这个荣誉不仅仅属于我……” [仿写]Upon receiving the invitation to the party, she immediately started preparing a gift for the host.(一收到派对邀请,她就立刻开始为主人准备礼物。) 4.It is indeed an honour for China’s scientific research and Chinese medicine to be spread around the world. [结构]“It is + n.+ for sb/sth to do sth”(对某人/某物来说,做某事是……),其中“it”为形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式短语“to be spread around the world”。 [含义]中国的科研和中医药走向世界,确实是一种荣誉。 [仿写]It is a great achievement for our country to send astronauts to the space station successfully.(我国成功将航天员送入空间站,这是一项伟大的成就。) 5.It struck him that the other Chinese men in the photo apparently did not care about what was happening to their fellow countrymen. [结构]“It strikes sb that...”(某人突然意识到……,“strike”此处意为“突然想到”);“what”引导宾语从句,作“care about”的宾语。 [含义]他突然意识到照片中的其他中国男子显然并不关心他们的同胞发生了什么。 [仿写]It suddenly struck me that I had forgotten to turn off the lights when I left home this morning.(我突然意识到,今天早上出门时忘了关灯。) 6.That was how his first famous short story A Madman’s Diary got published. [结构]“That was how...”(那就是……的方式/原因),“how”引导表语从句,说明主语“that”所指代的内容。 [含义]他的第一部著名短篇小说《狂人日记》就是这样出版的。 [仿写]That was how I solved the difficult math problem—by asking my teacher for help and practicing similar exercises.(我就是这样解决那道数学难题的——向老师求助,并练习类似的题目。) 7.He made numerous contributions to the world, the most well-known being the general theory of relativity and the famous formula E=mc². [结构]独立主格结构“the most well-known being...”(相当于“and the most well-known of them is...”),用于补充说明前面的“numerous contributions”。 [含义]他对世界做出了许多贡献,最著名的是广义相对论和著名的公式E=mc²。 [仿写]She has written many books for children, the most popular being The Little Prince adapted from the classic novel.(她为儿童写了很多书,最受欢迎的是改编自经典小说的《小王子》。) 四、语法知识 (一)词性转换规律 1.名词变形容词 规律1:名词 + -ful(表“充满……的”):care(关心)→ careful(细心的);help(帮助)→ helpful(有帮助的) 规律2:名词 + -less(表“无……的”):hope(希望)→ hopeless(无望的);home(家)→ homeless(无家可归的) 规律3:名词 + -al(表“与……相关的”):education(教育)→ educational(教育的);nature(自然)→ natural(自然的) 规律4:名词 + -ous(表“具有……性质的”):danger(危险)→ dangerous(危险的);fame(名声)→ famous(著名的) 2.形容词变副词 规律1:一般在形容词后加“-ly”:quick(快的)→ quickly(快速地);slow(慢的)→ slowly(慢慢地) 规律2:以“y”结尾的形容词,变“y”为“i”再加“-ly”:easy(容易的)→ easily(容易地);happy(开心的)→ happily(开心地) 规律3:以“le”结尾的形容词,去“e”加“-y”:simple(简单的)→ simply(简单地);gentle(温柔的)→ gently(温柔地) 3.动词变名词 规律1:动词 + -ment(表“行为、结果”):develop(发展)→ development(发展);achieve(实现)→ achievement(成就) 规律2:动词 + -ion/-tion/-sion(表“行为、状态”):act(行动)→ action(行动);decide(决定)→ decision(决定);divide(划分)→ division(划分) 规律3:动词 + -ance/-ence(表“性质、状态”):appear(出现)→ appearance(外貌);exist(存在)→ existence(存在) 规律4:动词 + -ing(表“行为、过程”,可作动名词):read(阅读)→ reading(阅读);write(写作)→ writing(写作) 4.常见特殊转换 science(n.科学)→ scientific(adj.科学的)→ scientist(n.科学家) conclude(v.断定)→ conclusion(n.结论) acknowledge(v.承认)→ acknowledged(adj.公认的)→ acknowledgement(n.承认) commit(v.承诺)→ committed(adj.坚定的)→ commitment(n.承诺) (二)定语从句 1.who/whom引导的定语从句 用法:先行词指人,“who”在从句中作主语或宾语,“whom”仅作宾语(可省略,若作介词宾语,介词可提前至“whom”前)。 例句1(who作主语):The woman who is talking to our teacher is a famous writer.(正在和我们老师说话的女士是一位著名作家。) 例句2(whom作宾语):The student (whom) we met yesterday won the first prize in the English competition.(我们昨天遇到的那个学生在英语竞赛中获得了一等奖。) 例句3(介词+whom):The doctor with whom my father works is very experienced.(和我父亲一起工作的那位医生经验非常丰富。) 2.which引导的定语从句 用法:先行词指物,在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略,介词可提前至“which”前)。 例句1(which作主语):The book which is on the desk is mine.(桌子上的那本书是我的。) 例句2(which作宾语):The film (which) we watched last night was very interesting.(我们昨晚看的那部电影非常有趣。) 例句3(介词+which):The company in which my brother works was founded in 2000.(我哥哥工作的那家公司创办于2000年。) 3.when/where/why引导的定语从句 用法:先行词分别指时间、地点、原因,在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语、原因状语。 例句1(when):I still remember the day when I first went to school.(我仍然记得第一次上学的那一天。) 例句2(where):This is the school where I studied for six years.(这是我读了六年书的学校。) 例句3(why):The reason why he was late for class is that he missed the bus.(他上课迟到的原因是错过了公交车。) 4.非限制性定语从句 特点:用逗号与主句隔开,不能用“that”引导,指代整个主句内容时常用“which”。 例句1(指代先行词):My hometown, which is a small city in the south of China, is famous for its delicious food.(我的家乡是中国南方的一个小城市,以美食闻名。) 例句2(指代主句):He passed the exam, which made his parents very happy.(他通过了考试,这让他的父母非常开心。) (三)非谓语动词 1.现在分词(doing) 用法1:作定语,表“主动、进行”,修饰名词。 [例句]The girl singing in the classroom is my best friend.(在教室里唱歌的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。) 用法2:作状语,表“主动、伴随或结果”。 例句1(伴随):She walked along the street, humming a popular song.(她沿着街道走,哼着一首流行歌曲。) 例句2(结果):The factory released a lot of waste gas, causing serious air pollution.(这家工厂排放了大量废气,导致了严重的空气污染。) 用法3:作宾语补足语,表“主动、进行”。 [例句]I heard him speaking English when I passed his room.(我经过他房间时,听到他正在说英语。) 2.过去分词(done) 用法1:作定语,表“被动、完成”,修饰名词。 [例句]The letter written by my father was sent to my grandparents yesterday.(我父亲写的那封信昨天寄给了祖父母。) 用法2:作状语,表“被动、完成”。 [例句]Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks more beautiful.(从山顶看,这座城市看起来更漂亮。) 用法3:作宾语补足语,表“被动、完成”。 [例句]We found the door locked when we came back home.(我们回家时发现门是锁着的。) 3.不定式(to do) 用法1:作主语,常用“it”作形式主语,真正主语后置。 [例句]It is important to learn a foreign language well.(学好一门外语很重要。) 用法2:作宾语,常见于“want/decide/hope/plan + to do”结构。 [例句]She decided to study abroad after graduating from college.(她决定大学毕业后出国留学。) 用法3:作宾语补足语,常见于“ask/tell/advise/encourage + sb + to do”结构。 [例句]The teacher advised us to read more English articles to improve our reading skills.(老师建议我们多读英语文章,以提高阅读能力。) 用法4:作目的状语,表“为了……”。 [例句]He got up early to catch the first bus to the airport.(他早起是为了赶上去机场的第一班公交车。) (四)被动语态 1.基本[结构]主语 + be + 过去分词 + (by + 动作执行者) 例句1(一般现在时):English is spoken by many people around the world.(世界上很多人说英语。) 例句2(一般过去时):The new library was built last year.(这座新图书馆是去年建成的。) 例句3(现在完成时):The project has been completed ahead of schedule.(这个项目已经提前完成了。) 例句4(情态动词 + be + 过去分词):This problem must be solved as soon as possible.(这个问题必须尽快解决。) 2.主动语态变被动语态的步骤 步骤1:将主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 步骤2:将主动语态的谓语动词变为“be + 过去分词”形式,时态与主动语态一致。 步骤3:将主动语态的主语变为“by + 主语”(若动作执行者不重要或未知,可省略“by + 主语”)。 [例句]主动语态:She wrote this novel in 1990.(她1990年写了这部小说。) 被动语态:This novel was written (by her) in 1990.(这部小说(由她)写于1990年。) 3.特殊情况 短语动词的被动语态:需保留短语中的介词或副词,不能省略。 [例句]主动语态:They look down on the poor.(他们看不起穷人。) 被动语态:The poor are looked down on by them.(穷人被他们看不起。) 主动形式表被动[含义]某些动词(如sell/write/read/open等)的主动形式可表被动,常与“well/easily”等副词连用。 [例句]This kind of book sells well in the bookstore.(这种书在书店很畅销。)(表被动[含义]被卖得好) 0 1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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Unit 1 People of Achievement知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+语法知识)清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册
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Unit 1 People of Achievement知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+语法知识)清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册
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Unit 1 People of Achievement知识点(核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+语法知识)清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第一册
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