Unit 5 First Aid 知识点（核心词汇+重点短语+核心句式+语法拓展+写作常用表达）清单-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语选必二Unit5知识清单全面覆盖核心词汇、重点短语、核心句式、语法拓展及写作表达五大内容，通过词汇含派生词与语境例句，短语配应用场景解析，句式与语法结合结构说明，搭建从基础积累到综合运用的学习支架。 清单以“词汇-短语-句式-语法-写作”逻辑链呈现知识体系，如“operate”关联“operation/operator”培养语言能力，错综时间条件句对比过去与现在提升思维品质。特色设计包括例句贴近生活情境，语法标注结构要点，写作分话题提供表达模板，助力学生自主梳理知识，教师可直接用于备课与分层教学，高效提升课堂实效。

高中英语选必二 Unit 5知识点 一、核心词汇（含词性转换+解释+例句） 1.organ n.（人或动植物的）器官 [派生词]organic adj.器官的；有机的；不用化肥的 [例句]The heart is a vital organ that pumps blood throughout the body.（心脏是向全身泵血的重要器官。）；Organic vegetables are grown without chemical fertilizers.（有机蔬菜的种植不使用化肥。） 2.minor adj.较小的；次要的；轻微的 [派生词]minority n.少数；少数民族；major adj.主要的；重要的（反义词）；majority n.大部分；大多数 [例句]He only suffered minor injuries in the car accident.（他在车祸中只受了轻伤。）；A minority of students prefer online learning to traditional classes.（少数学生比起传统课堂更喜欢在线学习。） 3.electric adj.电的；电动的 [派生词]electricity n.电；electrical adj.与电有关的；electronic adj.电子的 [例句]She bought an electric bike for daily commuting.（她买了一辆电动自行车用于日常通勤。）；Electrical engineers are responsible for designing power systems.（电气工程师负责设计电力系统。）；This electronic device can store a large amount of data.（这个电子设备能存储大量数据。） 4.swell vi.膨胀；肿胀 [派生词]swollen adj.（身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的 [例句]Her ankle swelled up after she twisted it during the run.（她跑步时扭伤脚踝后，脚踝肿了起来。）；The swollen river flooded several nearby villages.（暴涨的河水淹没了附近几个村庄。） 5.loose adj.松的；未系紧的；宽松的 [派生词]loosely adv.松散地；粗略地；loosen v.（使）放松，变松；解开 [例句]He wore a loose shirt to stay cool in the summer heat.（他穿了一件宽松的衬衫，以便在夏日高温中保持凉爽。）；She loosely tied the package with a piece of string.（她用一根绳子粗略地捆住了包裹。）；Please loosen the screws before disassembling the machine.（拆卸机器前请先松开螺丝。） 6.urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 [派生词]urgent adj.紧急的；急迫的；急切的；urgently adv.紧急地；急迫地；urgency n.紧急；急事；催促 [例句]The teacher urged the students to hand in their homework on time.（老师催促学生按时交作业。）；It's urgent that we take action to protect the environment.（我们采取行动保护环境至关重要。）；They urgently need medical supplies in the disaster-stricken area.（灾区急需医疗物资。） 7.operate v.操作；做手术；经营 [派生词]operator n.电话接线员；操作员；operation n.操作；手术 [例句]He can operate various office software skillfully.（他能熟练操作各种办公软件。）；The doctor will operate on the patient's heart tomorrow.（医生明天将为病人做心脏手术。）；The company operates several branches across the country.（这家公司在全国设有多家分公司。） 8.bleed vi.流血；失血 [派生词]bleeding n.流血；失血；blood n.血；血液 [例句]The cut on his hand was bleeding heavily.（他手上的伤口流了很多血。）；First aid should be given immediately to stop the bleeding.（应立即进行急救止血。）；Blood carries oxygen and nutrients to all parts of the body.（血液将氧气和营养输送到身体各个部位。） 9.interrupt vi.& vt.打断；打扰；使暂停；使中断 [派生词]interruption n.打断；打扰 [例句]Please don't interrupt others when they are speaking.（别人说话时请不要打断。）；The meeting was delayed due to frequent interruptions.（会议因频繁被打断而延误。） 10.desperate adj.绝望的；孤注一掷的；非常需要的 [派生词]desperately adv.绝望地；非常；desperation n.绝望；拼命 [例句]The lost hiker felt desperate when night fell.（夜幕降临时，迷路的徒步旅行者感到绝望。）；She desperately needed a glass of water after running for an hour.（跑了一个小时后，她急需一杯水。）；In his desperation, he tried every possible way to solve the problem.（绝望之下，他尝试了所有可能的方法来解决问题。） 11.practice n.练习；实践；惯例 [派生词]practical adj.切实可行的；实际的；实践的；practically adv.实际上；几乎 [例句]Regular practice is the key to mastering a language.（定期练习是掌握一门语言的关键。）；This practical method has helped many people improve their efficiency.（这种切实可行的方法帮助很多人提高了效率。）；Practically speaking, it's impossible to finish the task in one day.（实际上，一天内完成这项任务是不可能的。） 12.tight adj.紧身的；牢固的；绷紧的；严密的；adv.紧紧地；牢固地 [派生词]tightly adv.紧紧地；牢固地；紧密地；tighten v.（使）变紧，更加牢固；使更加严格；加强 [例句]She wore a tight dress to the party.（她穿了一条紧身连衣裙去参加派对。）；He held the rope tightly to avoid falling.（他紧紧抓住绳子以防摔倒。）；The government plans to tighten regulations on food safety.（政府计划加强食品安全监管。） 13.fog n.雾；迷惑；困惑 [派生词]foggy adj.有雾的 [例句]We could hardly see the road ahead in the thick fog.（在浓雾中，我们几乎看不清前方的路。）；It's a foggy morning, so please drive carefully.（这是一个有雾的早晨，请谨慎驾驶。） 14.nerve n.神经 [派生词]nervous adj.紧张的 [例句]The doctor said the damage to his nerve would take months to heal.（医生说他的神经损伤需要几个月才能愈合。）；She felt nervous before giving the speech in public.（在公众面前演讲前，她感到紧张。） 15.ease vi.& vt.（使）宽慰；减轻；缓解；n.容易；舒适；自在 [派生词]easy adj.容易的，简单的；easily adv.容易地 [例句]Taking a walk after dinner can ease stress.（晚饭后散步有助于缓解压力。）；It's easy to learn basic cooking skills with practice.（通过练习，学习基本的烹饪技巧并不难。）；He passed the exam easily because he had prepared well.（他因为准备充分，轻松通过了考试。） 16.whisper n.耳语，低语；v.悄悄说，耳语，低语 [例句]She spoke in a whisper so that no one else could hear.（她低声说话，以免别人听到。）；He whispered a secret to his best friend.（他向他最好的朋友悄悄说了一个秘密。） 17.import n.进口，进口商品；v.进口，输入，引进 [例句]The country's main imports include oil and machinery.（这个国家的主要进口商品包括石油和机械。）；They import coffee beans from Brazil every year.（他们每年从巴西进口咖啡豆。） 18.bite n.咬，咬下一口，咬伤；v.咬，叮，蛰 过去式：bit；过去分词：bitten [例句]The dog gave him a small bite on the hand.（狗咬了他的手一小口。）；A mosquito bit me last night, and my arm is itchy.（昨晚一只蚊子叮了我，我的胳膊很痒。） 19.assistance n.援助 [派生词]assistant n.助手；assist v.帮助 [例句]We appreciate your assistance in solving this problem.（我们感谢你在解决这个问题上的帮助。）；She works as a personal assistant for the company's CEO.（她担任公司首席执行官的私人助理。）；Can you assist me with carrying these boxes?（你能帮我搬这些箱子吗？） 20.memory n.记忆，记忆力 [派生词]memorial n.纪念碑；memorize v.记住；memorable adj.值得纪念的，难忘的 [例句]She has a good memory and can remember things easily.（她记忆力很好，容易记住事情。）；There is a memorial to the soldiers who died in the war in the park.（公园里有一座纪念战争中牺牲士兵的纪念碑。）；Try to memorize these new words before the test.（考试前试着记住这些新单词。）；It was a memorable trip that we will never forget.（那是一次我们永远不会忘记的难忘旅行。） 21.pregnancy n.怀孕，妊娠 [派生词]pregnant adj.怀孕，妊娠 [例句]Her pregnancy lasted nine months, and she gave birth to a healthy baby.（她怀孕九个月后，生下了一个健康的宝宝。）；The pregnant woman needs to get enough rest and nutrition.（这位孕妇需要充足的休息和营养。） 22.disguise n.伪装，假扮，掩盖；v.伪装，假扮 [例句]He wore a disguise to avoid being recognized at the party.（他为了在派对上不被认出来而进行了伪装。）；She disguised her voice on the phone so her brother wouldn't know it was her.（她在电话里伪装了声音，这样她哥哥就不会知道是她。） 23.spill v.（使）洒出，（使）溢出 过去式：spilled/spilt；过去分词：spilled/spilt [例句]She accidentally spilled coffee on her notebook.（她不小心把咖啡洒在了笔记本上。）；The milk spilt over when the glass was knocked over.（杯子被打翻时，牛奶洒了出来。） 24.tear n.眼泪；v.撕破，撕开 过去式：tore；过去分词：torn [例句]Tears rolled down her face when she heard the sad news.（听到这个悲伤的消息，眼泪从她脸上滚落。）；He tore the letter open eagerly to read its contents.（他急切地撕开信封看里面的内容。） 25.despair n.绝望；v.绝望，感到无望 [例句]In the face of failure, he never gave in to despair.（面对失败，他从未陷入绝望。）；She despaired of ever finding her lost cat.（她对找到丢失的猫感到绝望。） 26.harm n.& v.害处，伤害 [派生词]harmful adj.有害的；harmless adj.无害的，没有恶意的 [例句]Smoking does great harm to your health.（吸烟对你的健康有很大危害。）；This chemical is harmful to the environment.（这种化学物质对环境有害。）；The little boy is harmless; he just likes to play tricks.（这个小男孩没有恶意，他只是喜欢恶作剧。） 27.might n.力量，威力；modal v.也许，可能 [派生词]almighty adj.万能的 [例句]He used all his might to lift the heavy box.（他用尽全力举起那个沉重的箱子。）；It might rain this afternoon, so take an umbrella with you.（今天下午可能会下雨，所以带上雨伞吧。） 28.flexibility n.灵活性，柔韧性 [派生词]flexible adj.灵活的；inflexible adj.不灵活的 [例句]Yoga can improve your body's flexibility.（瑜伽可以提高身体的柔韧性。）；We need a flexible plan that can adapt to changes.（我们需要一个能适应变化的灵活计划。）；He is too inflexible to accept new ideas.（他太固执，无法接受新想法。） 29.tension n.紧张 [派生词]tense adj.紧张的 [例句]There is a lot of tension between the two countries.（这两个国家之间关系非常紧张。）；She felt tense before the important exam.（重要考试前，她感到紧张。） 30.justify vt.证明……有道理；为……辩护；是……的正当理由 [派生词]justice n.公正；公平；just adj.公正的；正当的；正义的；adv.正好；恰好；刚刚；仅仅 [例句]Can you justify your absence from the meeting yesterday?（你能为你昨天缺席会议辩解吗？）；Everyone should be treated with justice.（每个人都应受到公正对待。）；He arrived just in time for the train.（他刚好赶上火车。） 二、重点短语（含解释+例句） 1.sense of touch 触觉 [例句]Blind people often rely on their sense of touch to recognize objects.（盲人常常依靠触觉来识别物体。） 2.electric shock 触电；电击 [例句]He suffered an electric shock when he touched the exposed wire.（他碰到裸露的电线时触电了。） 3.IV needle 静脉注射针 [例句]The nurse inserted the IV needle gently into the patient's arm.（护士轻轻地把静脉注射针插入病人的手臂。） 4.vital sign 生命体征 [例句]Doctors check the patient's vital signs regularly to monitor their condition.（医生定期检查病人的生命体征以监测病情。） 5.help sb to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来 [例句]After falling down the stairs, she was helped to her feet by a kind stranger.（从楼梯上摔下来后，一位好心的陌生人扶她站了起来。） 6.face up/down 面朝上（朝下） [例句]The victim was lying face up on the ground when the ambulance arrived.（救护车到达时，受害者面朝上躺在地上。）；She placed the book face down on the desk before leaving.（离开前，她把书正面朝下放在桌子上。） 7.sleep in 迟起；睡过头；睡懒觉 [例句]I usually sleep in on weekends because I don't have to go to work.（我周末通常睡懒觉，因为不用去上班。） 8.out of shape 健康状况不好 [例句]He hasn't exercised for months, so he is out of shape now.（他已经好几个月没锻炼了，所以现在健康状况不佳。） 9.a variety of 各种各样 [例句]The store sells a variety of fruits and vegetables from all over the world.（这家商店出售来自世界各地的各种各样的水果和蔬菜。） 10.make sure 查明；确保 [例句]Before leaving the house, make sure you have turned off all the lights.（离开家之前，确保你关掉了所有的灯。） 11.regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会 [例句]He will continue his research regardless of the difficulties.（不管遇到什么困难，他都会继续他的研究。） 12.depend on 依赖；依靠 [例句]Children depend on their parents for food and shelter when they are young.（孩子们小时候依赖父母提供食物和住所。） 13.lead to 导致；造成；通向 [例句]Smoking can lead to many serious diseases.（吸烟会导致许多严重的疾病。）；This road leads to the city center.（这条路通向市中心。） 14.be divided into 分为；被分成 [例句]The class is divided into four groups for the group project.（为了小组项目，这个班被分成了四个小组。） 15.apply...to...把……涂在……上；把……应用于…… [例句]You should apply this cream to the affected area twice a day.（你应该每天把这种药膏涂在患处两次。）；We can apply the theory we learned in class to practical work.（我们可以把课堂上学到的理论应用到实际工作中。） 16.come into contact with...和……接触，打交道 [例句]When working in the lab, you must wear gloves to avoid coming into contact with harmful chemicals.（在实验室工作时，你必须戴手套，以免接触到有害化学物质。） 17.right away 立刻 [例句]If you feel unwell, you should go to see a doctor right away.（如果你感觉不舒服，应该立刻去看医生。） 18.such as 例如；诸如……之类 [例句]There are many outdoor activities, such as hiking, camping and cycling.（有很多户外活动，比如徒步旅行、露营和骑自行车。） 19.along with 随同……一起，跟……一起 [例句]She went to the party along with her sister.（她和她姐姐一起去参加了派对。） 20.in danger 在危险中；有……的危险 [例句]The old bridge is in danger of collapsing, so no one is allowed to cross it.（这座旧桥有坍塌的危险，所以不允许任何人通过。） 21.a matter of time 时间问题 [例句]It's just a matter of time before he succeeds, as he works so hard.（他这么努力，成功只是时间问题。） 22.be bathed in 沐浴于，被……笼罩 [例句]The small town is bathed in warm sunshine in the morning.（这个小镇早上沐浴在温暖的阳光中。） 23.call for 要求；呼吁；需要 [例句]The situation calls for immediate action from the government.（这种情况需要政府立即采取行动。）；Many people are calling for stricter gun control laws.（很多人呼吁制定更严格的枪支管制法律。） 24.set up 创建；建立 [例句]They plan to set up a new company in the industrial park.（他们计划在工业园区创办一家新公司。） 25.with the help of 在……的帮助下；借助 [例句]With the help of his teacher, he made great progress in English.（在老师的帮助下，他的英语取得了很大进步。） 26.look after 照料；照顾；照管 [例句]She stayed at home to look after her sick mother.（她留在家里照顾生病的母亲。） 27.stand by 袖手旁观；支持 [例句]No one should stand by when someone is in trouble.（当有人遇到困难时，任何人都不应该袖手旁观。）；I will always stand by you whatever happens.（无论发生什么事，我都会一直支持你。） 28.suffer from 遭受；忍受 [例句]He has been suffering from a bad cold for a week.（他已经患重感冒一周了。） 三、核心句式（含结构解析+例句） 1.If 错综时间条件句 结构解析：从句与主句表示的时间不一致，从句可能是过去时间，主句可能是现在时间，或反之，需根据语境调整谓语动词形式。 [例句]If you had studied hard yesterday, you would not be so worried about the exam now.（如果你昨天努力学习了，现在就不会这么担心考试了。）；If I were you, I would have taken the chance to travel last year.（如果我是你，去年就会抓住那次旅行的机会了。） 2.as 引导非限制性定语从句 结构解析：as 指代整个主句的内容，可置于句首、句中或句末，意为“正如……；就像……”。 [例句]As we all know, first aid is essential in emergency situations.（众所周知，急救在紧急情况下至关重要。）；He succeeded in the experiment, as was expected.（正如预期的那样，他的实验成功了。） 3.unless 引导条件状语从句 结构解析：意为“除非……；如果不……；除了……”，可与“if...not”互换，多用于引导否定意义的条件句。 [例句]You will not pass the exam unless you study hard.（除非你努力学习，否则你不会通过考试。）；Unless it rains tomorrow, we will go hiking.（如果明天不下雨，我们就去徒步旅行。） 4.There is no need to do sth.没有必要做某事 结构解析：表示“做某事没有必要”，need 为名词，后面接不定式作定语。 [例句]There is no need to argue with him; he will not change his mind.（没有必要和他争论，他不会改变主意的。）；There is no need to worry about the children; they are in safe hands.（没有必要担心孩子们，他们有人妥善照顾。） 5.“have sth done” 结构 结构解析：表示“让某事被做；使某物被……”，sth 与 done 之间是被动关系，done 为过去分词作宾语补足语。 [例句]She had her hair cut yesterday.（她昨天剪了头发。）；We need to have the machine repaired as soon as possible.（我们需要尽快把机器修好。） 四、语法拓展（非谓语动词重点用法） 1.动名词作主语 用法解析：动名词（doing 形式）置于句首作主语，谓语动词用单数形式，可表示泛指的动作或习惯性的行为。 [例句]Seeing these happy children made me feel very satisfied with my life.（看到这些快乐的孩子，我对自己的生活感到非常满意。）；Taking public transport is an effective way to protect the environment.（乘坐公共交通工具是保护环境的有效方式。） 2.动名词作宾语 用法解析：部分动词（如 suggest, avoid, enjoy, finish, practice, mind, risk 等）后只能接动名词作宾语；介词后也需接动名词作宾语。 [例句]He suggested going to the cinema this weekend.（他建议这周末去看电影。）；She avoids eating spicy food because of her stomach problem.（因为胃病，她避免吃辛辣食物。）；He insisted on being sent to hospital.（他坚持要被送进医院。） 3.不定式作主语 用法解析：不定式（to do 形式）作主语时，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语不定式置于句末，即 “It is + 形容词/名词 + to do sth.”。 [例句]It is important to learn first aid skills.（学习急救技能很重要。）；It is a pleasure to help others in need.（帮助有需要的人是一种乐趣。） 4.不定式作宾语补足语 用法解析：部分动词（如 ask, tell, want, encourage, allow 等）后接不定式作宾语补足语，即 “动词 + sb.+ to do sth.”；有些动词（如 make, let, have, see, watch 等）后接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时，to 需还原。 [例句]The teacher encouraged the students to take part in the English competition.（老师鼓励学生参加英语竞赛。）；We saw him enter the building just now.（我们刚才看到他进入了那栋大楼。）；He was seen to enter the building just now.（刚才有人看到他进入了那栋大楼。） 5.分词作状语 用法解析：现在分词（doing）作状语时，与逻辑主语之间是主动关系；过去分词（done）作状语时，与逻辑主语之间是被动关系，可表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等含义。 [例句]Walking along the street, she met an old friend.（沿着街道走时，她遇到了一位老朋友。）（时间状语，主动）；Frightened by the loud noise, the child started crying.（被巨大的噪音吓到，孩子开始哭起来。）（原因状语，被动）；Given more time, we can finish the task better.（如果给我们更多时间，我们能把任务完成得更好。）（条件状语，被动） 6.分词作定语 用法解析：现在分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间是主动关系，且动作正在进行；过去分词作定语时，与所修饰的名词之间是被动关系，或表示动作已完成。 [例句]The girl standing over there is my classmate.（站在那边的女孩是我的同学。）（主动，进行）；The broken window has been repaired.（破碎的窗户已经修好了。）（被动，完成） 五、写作常用表达（应用文+话题相关） 1.通知类常用表达 A safety lecture will be held in the school hall at 3:30 this Friday afternoon.（一场安全讲座将于本周五下午3点30分在学校礼堂举行。） Everyone is welcome to attend the lecture.（欢迎大家参加这场讲座。） Please enter the venue ahead of time and keep quiet during the lecture.（请提前入场，并在讲座期间保持安静。） 2.急救与安全话题表达 First aid skills are crucial for dealing with emergencies.（急救技能对于应对紧急情况至关重要。） It is necessary to learn how to perform the Heimlich Maneuver to help choking victims.（学习如何实施海姆立克急救法来帮助窒息者是很有必要的。） We should pay more attention to potential safety risks in daily life.（我们应该更加关注日常生活中潜在的安全风险。） 0 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $