内容正文:
07.中考英语常用关联词析与练
素材积累
中考英语常用关联词用法分析与比较
1. because / as / since / for
【基本含义】
均表 “因为”,但语气和用法不同。because(因为)表直接原因;as(由于)表明显原因;since(既然)表已知事实;for(因为)表补充说明。
【用法比较】
because 语气最强,可答 why 问句,从句居后;as 语气较弱,从句可居首或居尾;since 表对方已知原因,从句常居首;for 是并列连词,仅居句尾,前加逗号。
【用法示例】
Because he was seriously ill, he didn't go to school.(因为他病得很重,所以没去上学。)
As it's raining, we have to stay indoors.(由于在下雨,我们只能待在室内。)
Since you know the truth, I won't explain again.(既然你知道真相,我就不重复解释了。)
The light is off, for nobody is in the room.(灯灭着,因为房间里没人。)
2. so / therefore / thus
【基本含义】
均表 “因此、所以”,连接结果。
【用法比较】
so 是并列连词,直接连接分句,前加逗号;therefore 和 thus 是副词,需用逗号或分号与句子连接,更正式。
【用法示例】
She studied hard, so she passed the exam.(她努力学习,所以通过了考试。)
He forgot his keys; therefore, he couldn't enter the house.(他忘带钥匙了,因此进不了家。)
It rained heavily; thus, the match was canceled.(雨下得很大,因此比赛取消了。)
3. if / whether
【基本含义】
均可表 “是否”,if 还可表 “如果” 引导条件句。
【用法比较】
表 “是否” 时,if 多用于宾语从句;whether 可引导主语、表语等多种从句,可与 or not 连用,介词后只能用 whether。if 表 “如果” 时,遵循 “主将从现” 原则。
【用法示例】
I don't know if/whether he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。)
Whether it will rain tomorrow is unknown.(明天是否下雨还不清楚。)
If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.(如果明天下雪,我们就堆雪人。)
4. as long as / on condition that
【基本含义】
均表 “只要”,引导条件状语从句。
【用法比较】
as long as 侧重 “充分条件”,语气较轻松;on condition that 侧重 “约定条件”,语气更正式,强调约束性。
【用法示例】
You can borrow the book as long as you return it on time.(只要你按时归还,就可以借这本书。)
He agreed to help on condition that we keep it secret.(他同意帮忙,条件是我们保密。)
5. when / while / as
【基本含义】
均表 “当…… 时”,引导时间状语从句。
【用法比较】
when 可接延续性或短暂性动词,动作可同时或先后发生;while 接延续性动词,动作与主句同时进行;as 强调 “一边…… 一边”,动作同步发生。
【用法示例】
When I arrived, she was cooking.(我到的时候,她正在做饭。)
While he was reading, his sister was singing.(他看书时,妹妹在唱歌。)
As we walked, we talked about our school life.(我们一边走,一边聊校园生活。)
6. till / until
【基本含义】
均表 “直到…… 为止”。
【用法比较】
含义基本一致,可互换;但句首只能用 until,not...till/until 表 “直到…… 才”,主句用短暂性动词。
【用法示例】
I will wait here until you come back.(我会在这里等你回来。)
Until he called, I didn't know the news.(直到他打电话,我才知道这个消息。)
7. though / although
【基本含义】
均表 “虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
【用法比较】
均不可与 but 连用,可接 still/yet;although 更正式;though 可与 even 连用(even though),还可作副词表 “然而”,居句末。
【用法示例】
Although he is young, he knows a lot.(尽管他年轻,但懂得很多。)
It was cold, but he went out without a coat, though.(天气很冷,但他还是没穿外套就出去了。)
8. even if / even though
【基本含义】
均表 “即使、纵然”,引导让步从句。
【用法比较】
even if 侧重假设 “即使某事未发生”;even though 侧重事实 “尽管某事已存在”。
【用法示例】
Even if it rains, we will go hiking.(即使下雨,我们也要去徒步。)
Even though he was tired, he kept working.(尽管他累了,还是继续工作。)
9. both...and... / not only...but also...
【基本含义】
both...and... 表 “两者都”;not only...but also... 表 “不仅…… 而且……”。
【用法比较】
均连接并列成分,需保持结构对称;both...and... 连接主语时谓语用复数;not only...but also... 连接主语时谓语遵循就近原则,还可表递进。
【用法示例】
Both my brother and I like playing football.(我和哥哥都喜欢踢足球。)
Not only he but also his parents are interested in music.(不仅他,他的父母也对音乐感兴趣。)
10. either...or... / neither...nor...
【基本含义】
either...or... 表 “要么…… 要么……”(二选一);neither...nor... 表 “既不…… 也不……”(两者都不)。
【用法比较】
均连接并列成分,谓语遵循就近原则;either...or... 用于肯定选择,neither...nor... 用于否定,置于句首时句子倒装。
【用法示例】
Either you or she has to finish the task.(要么你,要么她得完成这项任务。)
Neither the TV nor the radio works.(电视和收音机都坏了。)
11. so that / so...that...
【基本含义】
so that 表 “以便、为了”(目的);so...that... 表 “如此…… 以至于”(结果)。
【用法比较】
so that 引导目的从句,常含情态动词;so...that... 中 so 后接形容词 / 副词,that 引导结果从句。
【用法示例】
She speaks loudly so that everyone can hear her.(她大声说话以便所有人都能听见。)
The film is so interesting that we want to watch it again.(这部电影太有趣了,我们想再看一遍。)
12. in order that / in order to
【基本含义】
均表 “为了”,表目的。
【用法比较】
in order that 后接从句;in order to 后接动词原形,可位于句首或句中。
【用法示例】
He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus.(他早起是为了能赶上第一班车。)
In order to improve English, she practices speaking every day.(为了提高英语,她每天练习口语。)
13. but / however / yet
【基本含义】
均表 “但是、然而”,表转折。
【用法比较】
but 是并列连词,直接连接分句;however 是副词,需用逗号分隔,可位于句首 / 中 / 尾;yet 可作连词或副词,语气比 but 稍弱。
【用法示例】
He is young, but he is very responsible.(他很年轻,但很有责任心。)
It rained hard. However, we still went out.(雨下得很大,然而我们还是出去了。)
She worked hard, yet she failed the exam.(她努力了,但还是没通过考试。)
14. while / whereas
【基本含义】
均表 “然而”,表对比。
【用法比较】
while 可连接并列分句,对比两者差异;whereas 更正式,侧重 “反之”,书面语中常用。
【用法示例】
My brother likes sports, while I prefer reading.(哥哥喜欢运动,而我喜欢阅读。)
Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.(有些人喜欢咖啡,而另一些人喜欢茶。)
15. or / otherwise
【基本含义】
or 表 “或者、否则”;otherwise 表 “否则、不然”。
【用法比较】
or 连接选择项或表警告;otherwise 是副词,表 “若不如此”,需用逗号分隔。
【用法示例】
You can stay here, or you can go with us.(你可以留在这,或者跟我们走。)
Hurry up, otherwise you will be late.(快点,否则你会迟到的。)
16. rather than / instead of
【基本含义】
均表 “而不是”,表取舍。
【用法比较】
rather than 后接动词原形(或与前接成分一致);instead of 后接名词、动名词或代词。
【用法示例】
He chose to walk rather than take a bus.(他选择走路而不是坐公交。)
She stayed at home instead of going shopping.(她待在家里,没去购物。)
17. besides / except / except for
【基本含义】
besides 表 “除…… 之外还有”;except 表 “除…… 之外(不包含)”;except for 表 “除…… 之外(整体中例外)”。
【用法比较】
besides 强调 “附加”;except 强调 “排除”,后接同类事物;except for 强调 “整体中的局部例外”。
【用法示例】
Besides English, he also learns French.(除了英语,他还学法语。)
Everyone passed except Tom.(除了汤姆,所有人都及格了。)
The room is clean except for a few books on the floor.(房间很干净,除了地板上有几本书。)
18. what's more / moreover / furthermore
【基本含义】
均表 “此外、而且”,表递进。
【用法比较】
what's more 较口语化;moreover 和 furthermore 更正式,furthermore 强调 “进一步”。
【用法示例】
The film is interesting. What's more, it has a good moral.(这部电影很有趣,而且寓意很好。)
He is clever. Moreover, he works very hard.(他很聪明,而且工作很努力。)
19. as / like
【基本含义】
均表 “像…… 一样”。
【用法比较】
as 是连词,后接从句;like 是介词,后接名词或代词。
【用法示例】
Do as I told you.(照我说的做。)
She sings like an angel.(她唱歌像天使一样。)
20. as...as... / not as/so...as...
【基本含义】
as...as... 表 “和…… 一样”(原级比较);not as/so...as... 表 “不如……”。
【用法比较】
中间接形容词 / 副词原级;否定式中 as 和 so 可互换。
【用法示例】
He runs as fast as his father.(他跑得和他爸爸一样快。)
This book is not so interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。)
21. in case / in case of
【基本含义】
均表 “以防、万一”,用于提前应对可能发生的情况。
【用法比较】
in case 是连词,后接从句;in case of 是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接句子。
【用法示例】
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(带把伞,以防下雨。)
In case of fire, press the red button.(万一发生火灾,按下红色按钮。)
22. unless / if...not
【基本含义】
均表 “除非、如果不”,引导否定条件句。
【用法比较】
含义基本等价,可互换;但 unless 语气更正式,且不可用于虚拟语气,if...not 则无此限制。
【用法示例】
Unless you work hard, you won't pass the exam.(除非你努力学习,否则考不过。)
If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam.(如果你不努力学习,就考不过。)
23. provided (that) / providing (that)
【基本含义】
均表 “假如、倘若”,引导条件状语从句,语气较正式。
【用法比较】
用法完全一致,可互换,that 可省略;侧重 “有条件的同意或允许”,常与情态动词连用。
【用法示例】
You can use the computer provided (that) you keep it clean.(只要你保持干净,就可以用这台电脑。)
Providing (that) the weather is good, we will have a picnic.(倘若天气好,我们就去野餐。)
24. once / as soon as
【基本含义】
均表 “一…… 就……”,强调两个动作衔接紧密。
【用法比较】
once 侧重 “动作发生后的结果”,语气稍缓;as soon as 侧重 “时间上的立刻”,语气更迫切,且不可用于完成时。
【用法示例】
Once you understand the rule, it's easy to solve.(一旦你理解了规则,就很容易解决。)
As soon as the bell rings, the students rush out of the classroom.(铃声一响,学生们就冲出教室。)
25. before / after
【基本含义】
before 表 “在…… 之前”;after 表 “在…… 之后”,均引导时间从句。
【用法比较】
均需注意主从句时态呼应;before 引导的从句可译为 “才”,after 引导的从句可与 “主将从现” 或过去时态搭配。
【用法示例】
I will finish my homework before I watch TV.(我会先做完作业再看电视。)
After he finished his work, he went home.(他完成工作后就回家了。)
26. by the time / when
【基本含义】
by the time 表 “到…… 时候为止”;when 表 “当…… 时”。
【用法比较】
by the time 引导的从句若为过去时,主句常用过去完成时;when 无此固定时态搭配,仅强调动作发生的时间点。
【用法示例】
By the time I arrived, the meeting had already started.(我到的时候,会议已经开始了。)
When the bell rang, I was reading a book.(铃声响时,我正在看书。)
27. no matter what / whatever
【基本含义】
均表 “无论什么”,引导让步状语从句。
【用法比较】
用法基本一致,可互换;whatever 更正式,还可引导名词性从句,no matter what 仅能引导让步从句。
【用法示例】
No matter what you say, I won't change my mind.(无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。)
Whatever happens, we should stay calm.(无论发生什么,我们都应该保持冷静。)
28. no matter how / however
【基本含义】
均表 “无论怎样”,引导让步状语从句。
【用法比较】
后接形容词或副词,结构为 “no matter how + adj./adv. + 主谓”“however + adj./adv. + 主谓”;however 可引导名词性从句,no matter how 不可。
【用法示例】
No matter how difficult it is, I will try my best.(无论有多难,我都会尽力。)
However fast he runs, he can't catch up with her.(无论他跑多快,都追不上她。)
29. in spite of / despite
【基本含义】
均表 “尽管、不管”,表让步。
【用法比较】
均为介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接从句;in spite of 比 despite 更常用,且 in spite of 可与 the fact that 连用接从句,despite 无此用法。
【用法示例】
In spite of the heavy rain, we went to the park.(尽管下着大雨,我们还是去了公园。)
Despite being tired, she kept working.(尽管很累,她还是继续工作。)
30. such...that... / so...that...
【基本含义】
均表 “如此…… 以至于”,引导结果状语从句。
【用法比较】
such 后接 “名词短语”(such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 /such + adj. + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数);so 后接 “形容词或副词”(so + adj./adv.)。
【用法示例】
It was such a cold day that we stayed indoors.(天气太冷了,我们只能待在室内。)
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him.(他跑得太快,没人能追上他。)
31. so as to / in order to
【基本含义】
均表 “为了”,表目的,后接动词原形。
【用法比较】
in order to 可位于句首或句中;so as to 仅能位于句中,且不可用于否定句(否定句用 in order not to)。
【用法示例】
She studies hard in order to get good grades.(她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。)
He saved money so as to buy a new bike.(他存钱是为了买一辆新自行车。)
32. and / then
【基本含义】
and 表 “和、并且”,连接并列成分或顺承动作;then 表 “然后、接着”,强调动作的先后顺序。
【用法比较】
and 可连接名词、形容词、动词等多种成分;then 仅连接动词短语,侧重时间上的承接。
【用法示例】
I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。)
He washed his hands, then he had dinner.(他洗了手,然后吃了晚饭。)
33. also / too / either
【基本含义】
also 和 too 表 “也”(肯定句);either 表 “也”(否定句)。
【用法比较】
also 位于句中(be 动词 / 助动词后,实义动词前);too 位于句末,前加逗号;either 位于否定句末,前加逗号。
【用法示例】
She also likes playing the piano.(她也喜欢弹钢琴。)
I am a student, too.(我也是一名学生。)
He doesn't like coffee, either.(他也不喜欢咖啡。)
34. not...but... / not only...but also...
【基本含义】
not...but... 表 “不是…… 而是……”(对比);not only...but also... 表 “不仅…… 而且……”(递进)。
【用法比较】
not...but... 连接并列成分,强调取舍;not only...but also... 连接并列成分,强调递进,且谓语遵循就近原则。
【用法示例】
It's not a dog but a cat.(那不是狗,而是猫。)
He can not only speak English but also French.(他不仅会说英语,还会说法语。)
35. instead / instead of
【基本含义】
均表 “代替、反而”。
【用法比较】
instead 是副词,位于句末或句首(前加逗号);instead of 是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,位于句中。
【用法示例】
He didn't go to school. He stayed at home instead.(他没去上学,反而待在了家里。)
She used a pen instead of a pencil.(她用钢笔代替了铅笔。)
36. prefer...to... / like...better than...
【基本含义】
均表 “比起…… 更喜欢……”。
【用法比较】
prefer...to... 中 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词;like...better than... 后接名词、代词或动词原形,语气更口语化。
【用法示例】
She prefers reading to watching TV.(比起看电视,她更喜欢看书。)
I like apples better than oranges.(比起橘子,我更喜欢苹果。)
37. besides / in addition (to)
【基本含义】
均表 “除…… 之外还有”(递进)。
【用法比较】
besides 是介词或副词,后接名词 / 动名词(介词)或位于句末(副词);in addition 是副词(位于句首 / 末,前加逗号),in addition to 是介词短语,后接名词 / 动名词。
【用法示例】
Besides math, he also learns physics.(除了数学,他还学物理。)
He is good at English. In addition, he can speak Japanese.(他擅长英语,此外,他还会说日语。)
In addition to reading, she likes painting.(除了看书,她还喜欢画画。)
38. what's worse / worse still
【基本含义】
均表 “更糟糕的是”,用于引出更坏的情况(递进)。
【用法比较】
用法完全一致,可互换,均位于句首,后接逗号,引导并列分句,语气较强。
【用法示例】
It rained heavily. What's worse, we lost our way.(雨下得很大,更糟糕的是,我们迷路了。)
He missed the bus. Worse still, he forgot his wallet.(他没赶上公交,更糟糕的是,他还忘带了钱包。)
39. than / as
【基本含义】
than 表 “比”(比较级);as 表 “和…… 一样”(原级比较)。
【用法比较】
than 前用形容词 / 副词比较级;as 前用形容词 / 副词原级,且常与 as 搭配(as...as...)。
【用法示例】
She is taller than her sister.(她比她姐姐高。)
He runs as fast as his father.(他跑得和他爸爸一样快。)
40. the more...the more... / more and more
【基本含义】
the more...the more... 表 “越…… 就越……”(比较级叠加);more and more 表 “越来越……”(比较级重复)。
【用法示例】
The more you practice, the better you will be.(你练习得越多,就会变得越好。)
It's getting more and more cold.(天气变得越来越冷了。)
41. thanks to / because of
【基本含义】
均表 “由于、因为”,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词。
【用法比较】
thanks to 多用于积极结果(“多亏”),也可用于消极结果;because of 仅表原因,无感情色彩,可用于任何结果。
【用法示例】
Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time.(多亏你的帮助,我按时完成了工作。)
He didn't go to school because of his illness.(他因为生病没去上学。)
42. due to / owing to
【基本含义】
均表 “由于、归因于”,表原因。
【用法比较】
均为介词短语,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词;due to 可作表语或状语,owing to 更正式,多作状语,可位于句首。
【用法示例】
His success is due to his hard work.(他的成功归因于他的努力。)
Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.(由于天气恶劣,航班延误了。)
43. for example / such as
【基本含义】
均表 “例如”,用于举例说明。
【用法比较】
for example 可位于句首、句中或句末,后接完整句子,前常加逗号;such as 位于句中,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词,不可接完整句子。
【用法示例】
I like fruits, for example, apples and bananas.(我喜欢水果,比如苹果和香蕉。)
He can play many sports, such as basketball and football.(他会玩很多运动,比如篮球和足球。)
44. that is / in other words
【基本含义】
均表 “也就是说、换句话说”,用于解释说明。
【用法比较】
用法一致,可互换,均位于句首或句中,后接逗号,引出对前文的解释。
【用法示例】
He is a doctor, that is, he works in a hospital.(他是一名医生,也就是说,他在医院工作。)
She didn't pass the exam, in other words, she has to take it again.(她没通过考试,换句话说,她得重考。)
45. on the one hand...on the other hand... / for one thing...for another (thing)...
【基本含义】
均表 “一方面…… 另一方面……”,用于列举两点。
【用法比较】
on the one hand...on the other hand... 侧重对比(可表转折);for one thing...for another (thing)... 侧重并列,仅表列举。
【用法示例】
On the one hand, he wants to study abroad; on the other hand, he doesn't want to leave his family.(一方面,他想出国留学;另一方面,他不想离开家人。)
I don't like this book. For one thing, it's too long; for another, it's boring.(我不喜欢这本书。一方面,它太长了;另一方面,它很无聊。)
46. at first / first of all
【基本含义】
at first 表 “起初、刚开始”(强调时间顺序的开始);first of all 表 “首先、第一”(强调重要性的顺序)。
【用法示例】
At first, I didn't understand the problem, but later I figured it out.(起初,我不懂这个问题,但后来我弄明白了。)
First of all, you should finish your homework, then you can play.(首先,你得完成作业,然后才能玩。)
47. finally / in the end / at last
【基本含义】
均表 “最后、最终”,强调结果或时间的终点。
【用法比较】
finally 侧重 “顺序上的最后”;in the end 侧重 “经过过程后的结果”;at last 侧重 “等待后的最终”,语气较强。
【用法示例】
He tried many times, and finally he succeeded.(他尝试了很多次,最后成功了。)
In the end, they decided to stay at home.(最终,他们决定待在家里。)
At last, the long winter was over.(漫长的冬天终于结束了。)
48. as well as / and
【基本含义】
均表 “和、以及”,连接并列成分。
【用法比较】
as well as 连接两个主语时,谓语遵循 “就远原则”;and 连接两个主语时,谓语用复数;as well as 还可表 “除…… 之外还有”,and 无此含义。
【用法示例】
He as well as his parents likes swimming.(他和他的父母都喜欢游泳。)
He and his parents like swimming.(他和他的父母都喜欢游泳。)
49. rather /quite
【基本含义】
均表 “相当、颇”,修饰形容词或副词,程度介于 “a little” 和 “very” 之间。
【用法比较】
rather 可修饰褒义、贬义或中性形容词(如 rather good/rather bad/rather large),还可与比较级连用(如 rather better);quite 多修饰褒义或中性形容词(如 quite nice/quite big),不可修饰比较级,且与 “a/an + 名词” 连用时,quite 需置于 “a/an” 之前(如 quite a good book),rather 可前可后(如 rather a good book/a rather good book)。
【用法示例】
It's rather cold today, so you'd better wear a coat.(今天相当冷,你最好穿件外套。)
She is quite happy with her new school.(她对新学校相当满意。)
This is rather a difficult problem for middle school students.(对中学生来说,这是个相当难的问题。)
50. as if / as though
【基本含义】
均表 “好像、仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句,常用来描述主观上的 “看似”,不一定与事实相符。
【用法比较】
含义和用法完全一致,可互换,口语中 as if 更常用;当从句描述非真实情况时(如与现在事实相反),从句谓语常用虚拟语气(过去式,be 动词用 were);若描述的情况可能真实,从句用陈述语气。
【用法示例】
She talks as if she knows everything.(她说话的样子好像什么都知道似的。)(从句可能真实,用陈述语气)
He looks as though he were ill.(他看起来好像生病了。)(实际可能没生病,用虚拟语气)
It seems as if the rain will stop soon.(看起来雨好像很快就要停了。)(从句表推测,用陈述语气)
实战演练
单项选择
1.To get a bright future, we teenagers should ________ study hard ________ keep in good health.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.not only; but also D.not; but
2.—How do you like soft music?
—Very much. It makes people ________ more relaxed ________ more peaceful.
A.neither; nor B.between; and C.either; or D.not only; but also
3.—What do you think of citywalk?
—Wonderful. People can learn more about their cities ______ save money on traveling.
A.as well as B.as long as C.instead of D.rather than
4.—Hurry up! We need to leave now, ________ we’ll miss the school bus.
—OK. I’m packing my bag.
A.and B.or C.but D.so
5.—The Traditional Chinese Painting keeps its ancient styles, ________ many artists now mix it with modern ideas.
—That’s how our culture stays alive and creative!
A.and B.until C.so D.or
6.The doctors worked for eight hours, ________ nobody stopped for a break.
A.or B.but C.so D.for
7.—What’s your favourite among New Year’s films of 2024?
—YOLO《热辣滚烫》. I like Jia Ling very much. Her film has ________ a sense of humor ________ lots of inspiration.
A.either; or B.both; and C.neither; nor D.not; but
8.It’s important to keep learning about new technology ______ the world changes so fast.
A.so B.or C.since D.unless
9.Think carefully before posting online,________ your words may be seen by millions of people.
A.and B.for C.yet D.but
10.Sun Yingsha says she isn’t cleverer than anyone else, ________ she has a strong will.
A.before B.because C.but D.so
11.Chinese paper-cutting is a traditional art form. It can ______ show beautiful patterns ______ express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness.
A.neither... nor... B.not... but... C.either... or... D.not only... but also...
12.—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park?
—I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days.
A.Not; but B.Neither; nor C.Either, or D.Both; and
13.Finish your homework on time, ________ you’ll miss the weekend trip.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
14.—Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you?
—The book I want well. There is none left in the shop.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.both; and D.not only; but also
15.Reading fiction is ________ entertaining ________ develops critical thinking skills.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.not; but D.not only; but also
16.Lily exercises a lot, ______ she will have a P.E. test next month.
A.or B.because C.but D.so
17.It rained heavily last night, ______ the ground was wet this morning.
A.but B.so C.or D.yet
18.Leave the reference books behind, ________ you won’t be able to think independently.
A.and B.so C.but D.or
19.The girl didn’t check her email, ________ she missed the important message.
A.or B.but C.if D.so
20.President Xi Jinping says that shaking off poverty (贫穷) is ________ the finish line, ________ the starting point of a new life.
A.either; or B.not; but C.neither; nor D.both; and
21.I look good, think fast and play hard. If I’m not in class, I’m ________ in the library ________ in the computer lab.
A.either, or B.neither, nor C.both, and D.not only, but also
22.Follow the safety instructions, ________ you could end up in a dangerous situation.
A.or B.and C.so D.but
23.Social media helps us get news, ________ it may also include false information.
A.so B.or C.for D.but
24.The girl didn’t check her email, ________ she missed the important message.
A.or B.but C.so D.if
25.Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, ________ you will waste electricity.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
26.The team has no choice ________ to stay late at the office to finish the project.
A.and B.for C.but D.or
27.I enjoy reading at home, _________ my sister likes hanging out with friends.
A.so B.while C.because D.and
28.We will never know what goal we can achieve ________ we try our best.
A.because B.unless C.but D.if
29.—Lily took care of me when I broke my leg. She is a true friend.
—I agree. As the saying goes, “A friend is never known ________ a man has need.”
A.as B.till C.since D.though
30.He didn’t go to bed _________ his father came back home.
A.because B.although C.until D.if
31.________ we meet many difficulties, ________ we are always hopeful about our future.
A.Although; / B.Because; so C.Although; but D.Because; /
32.________ we see him, he is always helping the old woman clean the house.
A.Because B.Whenever C.Although D.Unless
33.________ it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
A.However B.Because C.Unless D.Although
34.We can never reach success ________ we keep practicing through failures.
A.until B.because C.if D.unless
35.Sarah promised to help me with my project ________ she was very busy herself.
A.so that B.ever since C.as if D.even though
36.You won’t study well ______ you develop some good learning habits.
A.if B.because C.unless D.while
37.—Will you go to the zoo with us?
—Of course, ________ it rains.
A.if B.when C.since D.unless
38.________ Anhui area of the Yangtze River has improved, many special birds returned.
A.Unless B.Though C.Since D.While
39.We should take care of the earth ________ we can make a better world to live in.
A.so that B.ever since C.even if D.even though
40.—Tom, when did you go to bed yesterday?
—I didn’t go to bed ________ I finished all my homework carefully.
A.until B.although C.if D.after
41.—Does your brother have any hobbies?
—No, ________ you think watching short videos is a hobby.
A.if B.unless C.until D.though
42.You are impossible to pass the exam _________ you study hard.
A.as B.because C.if D.unless
43.People often plant trees in spring ______ it’s a good time for them to grow.
A.if B.because C.though D.until
44.Jackson noticed a strange mark on the table ________ he sat down.
A.since B.as C.while D.until
45.________ the movie was long and a little boring, many people stayed until the end.
A.Unless B.Until C.Since D.Although
46.We can’t make any progress ______ we pull together and work closely as a team.
A.if B.so that C.unless D.even if
47.—________ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they are still in fashion today.
—Yes, I agree with you. Most young people love them very much.
A.Because B.If C.Although D.Since
48.She won’t allow her husband to drive he agrees to give up drinking.
A.unless B.since C.if D.after
49.—My grandfather still reads books every day ________ he thinks learning is a journey that never ends.
—He sets a good example for us.
A.before B.unless C.though D.because
50.—________ exams are over, shall we paint the classroom wall?
—Great! It was our plan before the exams.
A.Even though B.As if C.Now that D.Ever since
51.—My parents won’t allow me to hang out ________ I finish my homework.
—They are right. Homework comes first.
A.if B.after C.when D.unless
52.You may fail in the exam ________ you study hard.
A.whether B.unless C.although D.because
53.—Mr. Ma, how can I make the sentence better?
—It’s a good way to use the word “________” to show “cause and influence”.
A.as B.however C.moreover D.while
54.Zheng Qinwen trained hard ________ she won a gold medal at the Olympics.
A.when B.while C.before D.after
55.—Don’t use your brother’s computer ________ you’re allowed to.
—OK. I won’t do anything without being allowed.
A.if B.because C.though D.unless
56.Bees do not hurt others ________ they are angry. So, we’d better not attack them for fun.
A.if B.until C.since D.unless
57.________ the complaint is dealt with properly, it can lead to customer dissatisfaction.
A.If B.Unless C.As D.Although
58.________ you listen more than you speak, you will never truly understand others.
A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.While
59.You’ll lose the chance to get further education and be really sorry ________ you study hard from now on.
A.unless B.after C.before D.until
60.You will know more about its culture ________ you go around Lianyungang.
A.if B.because C.though D.unless
61.—Listen! Mary is singing in the classroom. She has a very good voice.
—Yes, I am sure she’ll get a good place ________ she takes part in the singing competition.
A.if B.before C.though D.unless
62.The Shenzhou-19 astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze followed strict training plans every day ________ they could complete their space work successfully and return home as national heroes.
A.even though B.unless C.because D.so that
63.Names usually stay with us during our lifetime ______ we decided to change them.
A.unless B.if C.though D.when
64.The course of life never runs smoothly ________ it is full of ups and downs.
A.because B.though C.if D.unless
65.—Are you happy with your work, Lily?
—Sure. ________ I complete a task, I feel a real sense of achievement.
A.Until B.If C.Whenever D.Unless
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07.中考英语常用关联词析与练
素材积累
中考英语常用关联词用法分析与比较
1. because / as / since / for
【基本含义】
均表 “因为”,但语气和用法不同。because(因为)表直接原因;as(由于)表明显原因;since(既然)表已知事实;for(因为)表补充说明。
【用法比较】
because 语气最强,可答 why 问句,从句居后;as 语气较弱,从句可居首或居尾;since 表对方已知原因,从句常居首;for 是并列连词,仅居句尾,前加逗号。
【用法示例】
Because he was seriously ill, he didn't go to school.(因为他病得很重,所以没去上学。)
As it's raining, we have to stay indoors.(由于在下雨,我们只能待在室内。)
Since you know the truth, I won't explain again.(既然你知道真相,我就不重复解释了。)
The light is off, for nobody is in the room.(灯灭着,因为房间里没人。)
2. so / therefore / thus
【基本含义】
均表 “因此、所以”,连接结果。
【用法比较】
so 是并列连词,直接连接分句,前加逗号;therefore 和 thus 是副词,需用逗号或分号与句子连接,更正式。
【用法示例】
She studied hard, so she passed the exam.(她努力学习,所以通过了考试。)
He forgot his keys; therefore, he couldn't enter the house.(他忘带钥匙了,因此进不了家。)
It rained heavily; thus, the match was canceled.(雨下得很大,因此比赛取消了。)
3. if / whether
【基本含义】
均可表 “是否”,if 还可表 “如果” 引导条件句。
【用法比较】
表 “是否” 时,if 多用于宾语从句;whether 可引导主语、表语等多种从句,可与 or not 连用,介词后只能用 whether。if 表 “如果” 时,遵循 “主将从现” 原则。
【用法示例】
I don't know if/whether he will come.(我不知道他是否会来。)
Whether it will rain tomorrow is unknown.(明天是否下雨还不清楚。)
If it snows tomorrow, we will build a snowman.(如果明天下雪,我们就堆雪人。)
4. as long as / on condition that
【基本含义】
均表 “只要”,引导条件状语从句。
【用法比较】
as long as 侧重 “充分条件”,语气较轻松;on condition that 侧重 “约定条件”,语气更正式,强调约束性。
【用法示例】
You can borrow the book as long as you return it on time.(只要你按时归还,就可以借这本书。)
He agreed to help on condition that we keep it secret.(他同意帮忙,条件是我们保密。)
5. when / while / as
【基本含义】
均表 “当…… 时”,引导时间状语从句。
【用法比较】
when 可接延续性或短暂性动词,动作可同时或先后发生;while 接延续性动词,动作与主句同时进行;as 强调 “一边…… 一边”,动作同步发生。
【用法示例】
When I arrived, she was cooking.(我到的时候,她正在做饭。)
While he was reading, his sister was singing.(他看书时,妹妹在唱歌。)
As we walked, we talked about our school life.(我们一边走,一边聊校园生活。)
6. till / until
【基本含义】
均表 “直到…… 为止”。
【用法比较】
含义基本一致,可互换;但句首只能用 until,not...till/until 表 “直到…… 才”,主句用短暂性动词。
【用法示例】
I will wait here until you come back.(我会在这里等你回来。)
Until he called, I didn't know the news.(直到他打电话,我才知道这个消息。)
7. though / although
【基本含义】
均表 “虽然、尽管”,引导让步状语从句。
【用法比较】
均不可与 but 连用,可接 still/yet;although 更正式;though 可与 even 连用(even though),还可作副词表 “然而”,居句末。
【用法示例】
Although he is young, he knows a lot.(尽管他年轻,但懂得很多。)
It was cold, but he went out without a coat, though.(天气很冷,但他还是没穿外套就出去了。)
8. even if / even though
【基本含义】
均表 “即使、纵然”,引导让步从句。
【用法比较】
even if 侧重假设 “即使某事未发生”;even though 侧重事实 “尽管某事已存在”。
【用法示例】
Even if it rains, we will go hiking.(即使下雨,我们也要去徒步。)
Even though he was tired, he kept working.(尽管他累了,还是继续工作。)
9. both...and... / not only...but also...
【基本含义】
both...and... 表 “两者都”;not only...but also... 表 “不仅…… 而且……”。
【用法比较】
均连接并列成分,需保持结构对称;both...and... 连接主语时谓语用复数;not only...but also... 连接主语时谓语遵循就近原则,还可表递进。
【用法示例】
Both my brother and I like playing football.(我和哥哥都喜欢踢足球。)
Not only he but also his parents are interested in music.(不仅他,他的父母也对音乐感兴趣。)
10. either...or... / neither...nor...
【基本含义】
either...or... 表 “要么…… 要么……”(二选一);neither...nor... 表 “既不…… 也不……”(两者都不)。
【用法比较】
均连接并列成分,谓语遵循就近原则;either...or... 用于肯定选择,neither...nor... 用于否定,置于句首时句子倒装。
【用法示例】
Either you or she has to finish the task.(要么你,要么她得完成这项任务。)
Neither the TV nor the radio works.(电视和收音机都坏了。)
11. so that / so...that...
【基本含义】
so that 表 “以便、为了”(目的);so...that... 表 “如此…… 以至于”(结果)。
【用法比较】
so that 引导目的从句,常含情态动词;so...that... 中 so 后接形容词 / 副词,that 引导结果从句。
【用法示例】
She speaks loudly so that everyone can hear her.(她大声说话以便所有人都能听见。)
The film is so interesting that we want to watch it again.(这部电影太有趣了,我们想再看一遍。)
12. in order that / in order to
【基本含义】
均表 “为了”,表目的。
【用法比较】
in order that 后接从句;in order to 后接动词原形,可位于句首或句中。
【用法示例】
He got up early in order that he could catch the first bus.(他早起是为了能赶上第一班车。)
In order to improve English, she practices speaking every day.(为了提高英语,她每天练习口语。)
13. but / however / yet
【基本含义】
均表 “但是、然而”,表转折。
【用法比较】
but 是并列连词,直接连接分句;however 是副词,需用逗号分隔,可位于句首 / 中 / 尾;yet 可作连词或副词,语气比 but 稍弱。
【用法示例】
He is young, but he is very responsible.(他很年轻,但很有责任心。)
It rained hard. However, we still went out.(雨下得很大,然而我们还是出去了。)
She worked hard, yet she failed the exam.(她努力了,但还是没通过考试。)
14. while / whereas
【基本含义】
均表 “然而”,表对比。
【用法比较】
while 可连接并列分句,对比两者差异;whereas 更正式,侧重 “反之”,书面语中常用。
【用法示例】
My brother likes sports, while I prefer reading.(哥哥喜欢运动,而我喜欢阅读。)
Some people like coffee, whereas others like tea.(有些人喜欢咖啡,而另一些人喜欢茶。)
15. or / otherwise
【基本含义】
or 表 “或者、否则”;otherwise 表 “否则、不然”。
【用法比较】
or 连接选择项或表警告;otherwise 是副词,表 “若不如此”,需用逗号分隔。
【用法示例】
You can stay here, or you can go with us.(你可以留在这,或者跟我们走。)
Hurry up, otherwise you will be late.(快点,否则你会迟到的。)
16. rather than / instead of
【基本含义】
均表 “而不是”,表取舍。
【用法比较】
rather than 后接动词原形(或与前接成分一致);instead of 后接名词、动名词或代词。
【用法示例】
He chose to walk rather than take a bus.(他选择走路而不是坐公交。)
She stayed at home instead of going shopping.(她待在家里,没去购物。)
17. besides / except / except for
【基本含义】
besides 表 “除…… 之外还有”;except 表 “除…… 之外(不包含)”;except for 表 “除…… 之外(整体中例外)”。
【用法比较】
besides 强调 “附加”;except 强调 “排除”,后接同类事物;except for 强调 “整体中的局部例外”。
【用法示例】
Besides English, he also learns French.(除了英语,他还学法语。)
Everyone passed except Tom.(除了汤姆,所有人都及格了。)
The room is clean except for a few books on the floor.(房间很干净,除了地板上有几本书。)
18. what's more / moreover / furthermore
【基本含义】
均表 “此外、而且”,表递进。
【用法比较】
what's more 较口语化;moreover 和 furthermore 更正式,furthermore 强调 “进一步”。
【用法示例】
The film is interesting. What's more, it has a good moral.(这部电影很有趣,而且寓意很好。)
He is clever. Moreover, he works very hard.(他很聪明,而且工作很努力。)
19. as / like
【基本含义】
均表 “像…… 一样”。
【用法比较】
as 是连词,后接从句;like 是介词,后接名词或代词。
【用法示例】
Do as I told you.(照我说的做。)
She sings like an angel.(她唱歌像天使一样。)
20. as...as... / not as/so...as...
【基本含义】
as...as... 表 “和…… 一样”(原级比较);not as/so...as... 表 “不如……”。
【用法比较】
中间接形容词 / 副词原级;否定式中 as 和 so 可互换。
【用法示例】
He runs as fast as his father.(他跑得和他爸爸一样快。)
This book is not so interesting as that one.(这本书不如那本有趣。)
21. in case / in case of
【基本含义】
均表 “以防、万一”,用于提前应对可能发生的情况。
【用法比较】
in case 是连词,后接从句;in case of 是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接句子。
【用法示例】
Take an umbrella in case it rains.(带把伞,以防下雨。)
In case of fire, press the red button.(万一发生火灾,按下红色按钮。)
22. unless / if...not
【基本含义】
均表 “除非、如果不”,引导否定条件句。
【用法比较】
含义基本等价,可互换;但 unless 语气更正式,且不可用于虚拟语气,if...not 则无此限制。
【用法示例】
Unless you work hard, you won't pass the exam.(除非你努力学习,否则考不过。)
If you don't work hard, you won't pass the exam.(如果你不努力学习,就考不过。)
23. provided (that) / providing (that)
【基本含义】
均表 “假如、倘若”,引导条件状语从句,语气较正式。
【用法比较】
用法完全一致,可互换,that 可省略;侧重 “有条件的同意或允许”,常与情态动词连用。
【用法示例】
You can use the computer provided (that) you keep it clean.(只要你保持干净,就可以用这台电脑。)
Providing (that) the weather is good, we will have a picnic.(倘若天气好,我们就去野餐。)
24. once / as soon as
【基本含义】
均表 “一…… 就……”,强调两个动作衔接紧密。
【用法比较】
once 侧重 “动作发生后的结果”,语气稍缓;as soon as 侧重 “时间上的立刻”,语气更迫切,且不可用于完成时。
【用法示例】
Once you understand the rule, it's easy to solve.(一旦你理解了规则,就很容易解决。)
As soon as the bell rings, the students rush out of the classroom.(铃声一响,学生们就冲出教室。)
25. before / after
【基本含义】
before 表 “在…… 之前”;after 表 “在…… 之后”,均引导时间从句。
【用法比较】
均需注意主从句时态呼应;before 引导的从句可译为 “才”,after 引导的从句可与 “主将从现” 或过去时态搭配。
【用法示例】
I will finish my homework before I watch TV.(我会先做完作业再看电视。)
After he finished his work, he went home.(他完成工作后就回家了。)
26. by the time / when
【基本含义】
by the time 表 “到…… 时候为止”;when 表 “当…… 时”。
【用法比较】
by the time 引导的从句若为过去时,主句常用过去完成时;when 无此固定时态搭配,仅强调动作发生的时间点。
【用法示例】
By the time I arrived, the meeting had already started.(我到的时候,会议已经开始了。)
When the bell rang, I was reading a book.(铃声响时,我正在看书。)
27. no matter what / whatever
【基本含义】
均表 “无论什么”,引导让步状语从句。
【用法比较】
用法基本一致,可互换;whatever 更正式,还可引导名词性从句,no matter what 仅能引导让步从句。
【用法示例】
No matter what you say, I won't change my mind.(无论你说什么,我都不会改变主意。)
Whatever happens, we should stay calm.(无论发生什么,我们都应该保持冷静。)
28. no matter how / however
【基本含义】
均表 “无论怎样”,引导让步状语从句。
【用法比较】
后接形容词或副词,结构为 “no matter how + adj./adv. + 主谓”“however + adj./adv. + 主谓”;however 可引导名词性从句,no matter how 不可。
【用法示例】
No matter how difficult it is, I will try my best.(无论有多难,我都会尽力。)
However fast he runs, he can't catch up with her.(无论他跑多快,都追不上她。)
29. in spite of / despite
【基本含义】
均表 “尽管、不管”,表让步。
【用法比较】
均为介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,不可接从句;in spite of 比 despite 更常用,且 in spite of 可与 the fact that 连用接从句,despite 无此用法。
【用法示例】
In spite of the heavy rain, we went to the park.(尽管下着大雨,我们还是去了公园。)
Despite being tired, she kept working.(尽管很累,她还是继续工作。)
30. such...that... / so...that...
【基本含义】
均表 “如此…… 以至于”,引导结果状语从句。
【用法比较】
such 后接 “名词短语”(such + a/an + adj. + 可数名词单数 /such + adj. + 不可数名词 / 可数名词复数);so 后接 “形容词或副词”(so + adj./adv.)。
【用法示例】
It was such a cold day that we stayed indoors.(天气太冷了,我们只能待在室内。)
He ran so fast that nobody could catch him.(他跑得太快,没人能追上他。)
31. so as to / in order to
【基本含义】
均表 “为了”,表目的,后接动词原形。
【用法比较】
in order to 可位于句首或句中;so as to 仅能位于句中,且不可用于否定句(否定句用 in order not to)。
【用法示例】
She studies hard in order to get good grades.(她努力学习是为了取得好成绩。)
He saved money so as to buy a new bike.(他存钱是为了买一辆新自行车。)
32. and / then
【基本含义】
and 表 “和、并且”,连接并列成分或顺承动作;then 表 “然后、接着”,强调动作的先后顺序。
【用法比较】
and 可连接名词、形容词、动词等多种成分;then 仅连接动词短语,侧重时间上的承接。
【用法示例】
I like apples and bananas.(我喜欢苹果和香蕉。)
He washed his hands, then he had dinner.(他洗了手,然后吃了晚饭。)
33. also / too / either
【基本含义】
also 和 too 表 “也”(肯定句);either 表 “也”(否定句)。
【用法比较】
also 位于句中(be 动词 / 助动词后,实义动词前);too 位于句末,前加逗号;either 位于否定句末,前加逗号。
【用法示例】
She also likes playing the piano.(她也喜欢弹钢琴。)
I am a student, too.(我也是一名学生。)
He doesn't like coffee, either.(他也不喜欢咖啡。)
34. not...but... / not only...but also...
【基本含义】
not...but... 表 “不是…… 而是……”(对比);not only...but also... 表 “不仅…… 而且……”(递进)。
【用法比较】
not...but... 连接并列成分,强调取舍;not only...but also... 连接并列成分,强调递进,且谓语遵循就近原则。
【用法示例】
It's not a dog but a cat.(那不是狗,而是猫。)
He can not only speak English but also French.(他不仅会说英语,还会说法语。)
35. instead / instead of
【基本含义】
均表 “代替、反而”。
【用法比较】
instead 是副词,位于句末或句首(前加逗号);instead of 是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,位于句中。
【用法示例】
He didn't go to school. He stayed at home instead.(他没去上学,反而待在了家里。)
She used a pen instead of a pencil.(她用钢笔代替了铅笔。)
36. prefer...to... / like...better than...
【基本含义】
均表 “比起…… 更喜欢……”。
【用法比较】
prefer...to... 中 to 是介词,后接名词或动名词;like...better than... 后接名词、代词或动词原形,语气更口语化。
【用法示例】
She prefers reading to watching TV.(比起看电视,她更喜欢看书。)
I like apples better than oranges.(比起橘子,我更喜欢苹果。)
37. besides / in addition (to)
【基本含义】
均表 “除…… 之外还有”(递进)。
【用法比较】
besides 是介词或副词,后接名词 / 动名词(介词)或位于句末(副词);in addition 是副词(位于句首 / 末,前加逗号),in addition to 是介词短语,后接名词 / 动名词。
【用法示例】
Besides math, he also learns physics.(除了数学,他还学物理。)
He is good at English. In addition, he can speak Japanese.(他擅长英语,此外,他还会说日语。)
In addition to reading, she likes painting.(除了看书,她还喜欢画画。)
38. what's worse / worse still
【基本含义】
均表 “更糟糕的是”,用于引出更坏的情况(递进)。
【用法比较】
用法完全一致,可互换,均位于句首,后接逗号,引导并列分句,语气较强。
【用法示例】
It rained heavily. What's worse, we lost our way.(雨下得很大,更糟糕的是,我们迷路了。)
He missed the bus. Worse still, he forgot his wallet.(他没赶上公交,更糟糕的是,他还忘带了钱包。)
39. than / as
【基本含义】
than 表 “比”(比较级);as 表 “和…… 一样”(原级比较)。
【用法比较】
than 前用形容词 / 副词比较级;as 前用形容词 / 副词原级,且常与 as 搭配(as...as...)。
【用法示例】
She is taller than her sister.(她比她姐姐高。)
He runs as fast as his father.(他跑得和他爸爸一样快。)
40. the more...the more... / more and more
【基本含义】
the more...the more... 表 “越…… 就越……”(比较级叠加);more and more 表 “越来越……”(比较级重复)。
【用法示例】
The more you practice, the better you will be.(你练习得越多,就会变得越好。)
It's getting more and more cold.(天气变得越来越冷了。)
41. thanks to / because of
【基本含义】
均表 “由于、因为”,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词。
【用法比较】
thanks to 多用于积极结果(“多亏”),也可用于消极结果;because of 仅表原因,无感情色彩,可用于任何结果。
【用法示例】
Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time.(多亏你的帮助,我按时完成了工作。)
He didn't go to school because of his illness.(他因为生病没去上学。)
42. due to / owing to
【基本含义】
均表 “由于、归因于”,表原因。
【用法比较】
均为介词短语,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词;due to 可作表语或状语,owing to 更正式,多作状语,可位于句首。
【用法示例】
His success is due to his hard work.(他的成功归因于他的努力。)
Owing to the bad weather, the flight was delayed.(由于天气恶劣,航班延误了。)
43. for example / such as
【基本含义】
均表 “例如”,用于举例说明。
【用法比较】
for example 可位于句首、句中或句末,后接完整句子,前常加逗号;such as 位于句中,后接名词 / 代词 / 动名词,不可接完整句子。
【用法示例】
I like fruits, for example, apples and bananas.(我喜欢水果,比如苹果和香蕉。)
He can play many sports, such as basketball and football.(他会玩很多运动,比如篮球和足球。)
44. that is / in other words
【基本含义】
均表 “也就是说、换句话说”,用于解释说明。
【用法比较】
用法一致,可互换,均位于句首或句中,后接逗号,引出对前文的解释。
【用法示例】
He is a doctor, that is, he works in a hospital.(他是一名医生,也就是说,他在医院工作。)
She didn't pass the exam, in other words, she has to take it again.(她没通过考试,换句话说,她得重考。)
45. on the one hand...on the other hand... / for one thing...for another (thing)...
【基本含义】
均表 “一方面…… 另一方面……”,用于列举两点。
【用法比较】
on the one hand...on the other hand... 侧重对比(可表转折);for one thing...for another (thing)... 侧重并列,仅表列举。
【用法示例】
On the one hand, he wants to study abroad; on the other hand, he doesn't want to leave his family.(一方面,他想出国留学;另一方面,他不想离开家人。)
I don't like this book. For one thing, it's too long; for another, it's boring.(我不喜欢这本书。一方面,它太长了;另一方面,它很无聊。)
46. at first / first of all
【基本含义】
at first 表 “起初、刚开始”(强调时间顺序的开始);first of all 表 “首先、第一”(强调重要性的顺序)。
【用法示例】
At first, I didn't understand the problem, but later I figured it out.(起初,我不懂这个问题,但后来我弄明白了。)
First of all, you should finish your homework, then you can play.(首先,你得完成作业,然后才能玩。)
47. finally / in the end / at last
【基本含义】
均表 “最后、最终”,强调结果或时间的终点。
【用法比较】
finally 侧重 “顺序上的最后”;in the end 侧重 “经过过程后的结果”;at last 侧重 “等待后的最终”,语气较强。
【用法示例】
He tried many times, and finally he succeeded.(他尝试了很多次,最后成功了。)
In the end, they decided to stay at home.(最终,他们决定待在家里。)
At last, the long winter was over.(漫长的冬天终于结束了。)
48. as well as / and
【基本含义】
均表 “和、以及”,连接并列成分。
【用法比较】
as well as 连接两个主语时,谓语遵循 “就远原则”;and 连接两个主语时,谓语用复数;as well as 还可表 “除…… 之外还有”,and 无此含义。
【用法示例】
He as well as his parents likes swimming.(他和他的父母都喜欢游泳。)
He and his parents like swimming.(他和他的父母都喜欢游泳。)
49. rather /quite
【基本含义】
均表 “相当、颇”,修饰形容词或副词,程度介于 “a little” 和 “very” 之间。
【用法比较】
rather 可修饰褒义、贬义或中性形容词(如 rather good/rather bad/rather large),还可与比较级连用(如 rather better);quite 多修饰褒义或中性形容词(如 quite nice/quite big),不可修饰比较级,且与 “a/an + 名词” 连用时,quite 需置于 “a/an” 之前(如 quite a good book),rather 可前可后(如 rather a good book/a rather good book)。
【用法示例】
It's rather cold today, so you'd better wear a coat.(今天相当冷,你最好穿件外套。)
She is quite happy with her new school.(她对新学校相当满意。)
This is rather a difficult problem for middle school students.(对中学生来说,这是个相当难的问题。)
50. as if / as though
【基本含义】
均表 “好像、仿佛”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句,常用来描述主观上的 “看似”,不一定与事实相符。
【用法比较】
含义和用法完全一致,可互换,口语中 as if 更常用;当从句描述非真实情况时(如与现在事实相反),从句谓语常用虚拟语气(过去式,be 动词用 were);若描述的情况可能真实,从句用陈述语气。
【用法示例】
She talks as if she knows everything.(她说话的样子好像什么都知道似的。)(从句可能真实,用陈述语气)
He looks as though he were ill.(他看起来好像生病了。)(实际可能没生病,用虚拟语气)
It seems as if the rain will stop soon.(看起来雨好像很快就要停了。)(从句表推测,用陈述语气)
实战演练
单项选择
1.To get a bright future, we teenagers should ________ study hard ________ keep in good health.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.not only; but also D.not; but
2.—How do you like soft music?
—Very much. It makes people ________ more relaxed ________ more peaceful.
A.neither; nor B.between; and C.either; or D.not only; but also
3.—What do you think of citywalk?
—Wonderful. People can learn more about their cities ______ save money on traveling.
A.as well as B.as long as C.instead of D.rather than
4.—Hurry up! We need to leave now, ________ we’ll miss the school bus.
—OK. I’m packing my bag.
A.and B.or C.but D.so
5.—The Traditional Chinese Painting keeps its ancient styles, ________ many artists now mix it with modern ideas.
—That’s how our culture stays alive and creative!
A.and B.until C.so D.or
6.The doctors worked for eight hours, ________ nobody stopped for a break.
A.or B.but C.so D.for
7.—What’s your favourite among New Year’s films of 2024?
—YOLO《热辣滚烫》. I like Jia Ling very much. Her film has ________ a sense of humor ________ lots of inspiration.
A.either; or B.both; and C.neither; nor D.not; but
8.It’s important to keep learning about new technology ______ the world changes so fast.
A.so B.or C.since D.unless
9.Think carefully before posting online,________ your words may be seen by millions of people.
A.and B.for C.yet D.but
10.Sun Yingsha says she isn’t cleverer than anyone else, ________ she has a strong will.
A.before B.because C.but D.so
11.Chinese paper-cutting is a traditional art form. It can ______ show beautiful patterns ______ express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness.
A.neither... nor... B.not... but... C.either... or... D.not only... but also...
12.—When are you going to visit Suqian SanTai Mountain Park?
—I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK. I am free these two days.
A.Not; but B.Neither; nor C.Either, or D.Both; and
13.Finish your homework on time, ________ you’ll miss the weekend trip.
A.but B.and C.so D.or
14.—Try to be the master of your life. Life is a horse and ________ you ride it ________ it rides you?
—The book I want well. There is none left in the shop.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.both; and D.not only; but also
15.Reading fiction is ________ entertaining ________ develops critical thinking skills.
A.neither; nor B.either; or C.not; but D.not only; but also
16.Lily exercises a lot, ______ she will have a P.E. test next month.
A.or B.because C.but D.so
17.It rained heavily last night, ______ the ground was wet this morning.
A.but B.so C.or D.yet
18.Leave the reference books behind, ________ you won’t be able to think independently.
A.and B.so C.but D.or
19.The girl didn’t check her email, ________ she missed the important message.
A.or B.but C.if D.so
20.President Xi Jinping says that shaking off poverty (贫穷) is ________ the finish line, ________ the starting point of a new life.
A.either; or B.not; but C.neither; nor D.both; and
21.I look good, think fast and play hard. If I’m not in class, I’m ________ in the library ________ in the computer lab.
A.either, or B.neither, nor C.both, and D.not only, but also
22.Follow the safety instructions, ________ you could end up in a dangerous situation.
A.or B.and C.so D.but
23.Social media helps us get news, ________ it may also include false information.
A.so B.or C.for D.but
24.The girl didn’t check her email, ________ she missed the important message.
A.or B.but C.so D.if
25.Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom, ________ you will waste electricity.
A.and B.but C.or D.so
26.The team has no choice ________ to stay late at the office to finish the project.
A.and B.for C.but D.or
27.I enjoy reading at home, _________ my sister likes hanging out with friends.
A.so B.while C.because D.and
28.We will never know what goal we can achieve ________ we try our best.
A.because B.unless C.but D.if
29.—Lily took care of me when I broke my leg. She is a true friend.
—I agree. As the saying goes, “A friend is never known ________ a man has need.”
A.as B.till C.since D.though
30.He didn’t go to bed _________ his father came back home.
A.because B.although C.until D.if
31.________ we meet many difficulties, ________ we are always hopeful about our future.
A.Although; / B.Because; so C.Although; but D.Because; /
32.________ we see him, he is always helping the old woman clean the house.
A.Because B.Whenever C.Although D.Unless
33.________ it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.
A.However B.Because C.Unless D.Although
34.We can never reach success ________ we keep practicing through failures.
A.until B.because C.if D.unless
35.Sarah promised to help me with my project ________ she was very busy herself.
A.so that B.ever since C.as if D.even though
36.You won’t study well ______ you develop some good learning habits.
A.if B.because C.unless D.while
37.—Will you go to the zoo with us?
—Of course, ________ it rains.
A.if B.when C.since D.unless
38.________ Anhui area of the Yangtze River has improved, many special birds returned.
A.Unless B.Though C.Since D.While
39.We should take care of the earth ________ we can make a better world to live in.
A.so that B.ever since C.even if D.even though
40.—Tom, when did you go to bed yesterday?
—I didn’t go to bed ________ I finished all my homework carefully.
A.until B.although C.if D.after
41.—Does your brother have any hobbies?
—No, ________ you think watching short videos is a hobby.
A.if B.unless C.until D.though
42.You are impossible to pass the exam _________ you study hard.
A.as B.because C.if D.unless
43.People often plant trees in spring ______ it’s a good time for them to grow.
A.if B.because C.though D.until
44.Jackson noticed a strange mark on the table ________ he sat down.
A.since B.as C.while D.until
45.________ the movie was long and a little boring, many people stayed until the end.
A.Unless B.Until C.Since D.Although
46.We can’t make any progress ______ we pull together and work closely as a team.
A.if B.so that C.unless D.even if
47.—________ jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they are still in fashion today.
—Yes, I agree with you. Most young people love them very much.
A.Because B.If C.Although D.Since
48.She won’t allow her husband to drive he agrees to give up drinking.
A.unless B.since C.if D.after
49.—My grandfather still reads books every day ________ he thinks learning is a journey that never ends.
—He sets a good example for us.
A.before B.unless C.though D.because
50.—________ exams are over, shall we paint the classroom wall?
—Great! It was our plan before the exams.
A.Even though B.As if C.Now that D.Ever since
51.—My parents won’t allow me to hang out ________ I finish my homework.
—They are right. Homework comes first.
A.if B.after C.when D.unless
52.You may fail in the exam ________ you study hard.
A.whether B.unless C.although D.because
53.—Mr. Ma, how can I make the sentence better?
—It’s a good way to use the word “________” to show “cause and influence”.
A.as B.however C.moreover D.while
54.Zheng Qinwen trained hard ________ she won a gold medal at the Olympics.
A.when B.while C.before D.after
55.—Don’t use your brother’s computer ________ you’re allowed to.
—OK. I won’t do anything without being allowed.
A.if B.because C.though D.unless
56.Bees do not hurt others ________ they are angry. So, we’d better not attack them for fun.
A.if B.until C.since D.unless
57.________ the complaint is dealt with properly, it can lead to customer dissatisfaction.
A.If B.Unless C.As D.Although
58.________ you listen more than you speak, you will never truly understand others.
A.Though B.Since C.Unless D.While
59.You’ll lose the chance to get further education and be really sorry ________ you study hard from now on.
A.unless B.after C.before D.until
60.You will know more about its culture ________ you go around Lianyungang.
A.if B.because C.though D.unless
61.—Listen! Mary is singing in the classroom. She has a very good voice.
—Yes, I am sure she’ll get a good place ________ she takes part in the singing competition.
A.if B.before C.though D.unless
62.The Shenzhou-19 astronauts Cai Xuzhe, Song Lingdong, and Wang Haoze followed strict training plans every day ________ they could complete their space work successfully and return home as national heroes.
A.even though B.unless C.because D.so that
63.Names usually stay with us during our lifetime ______ we decided to change them.
A.unless B.if C.though D.when
64.The course of life never runs smoothly ________ it is full of ups and downs.
A.because B.though C.if D.unless
65.—Are you happy with your work, Lily?
—Sure. ________ I complete a task, I feel a real sense of achievement.
A.Until B.If C.Whenever D.Unless
参考答案
1.C
【解析】句意:为了拥有一个光明的未来,我们青少年不仅应该努力学习,而且应该保持健康。
考查连词辨析。neither; nor 既不……也不……;either; or 要么……要么……;not only; but also 不仅……而且……;not; but 不是……而是……。根据“we teenagers should ... study hard ... keep in good health.”可知,此处表示“不仅……而且……”,强调努力学习与保持健康两者都要做到,故选C。
2.D
【解析】句意:——你喜欢轻音乐吗?——非常。它使人们不仅更放松,而且更平静。
考查并列连词辨析。neither...nor...既不……也不……;between...and...在……之间;either...or...或者……或者……;not only...but also...不仅……而且……。根据“It makes people ... more relaxed ... more peaceful.”可知,轻音乐使人们不仅更放松,而且更平静。故选D。
3.A
【解析】句意:——你觉得城市漫步怎么样?——太棒了。人们既能更多地了解他们的城市,又能在旅行上省钱。
考查连词短语辨析。as well as也,还,和……一样好;as long as只要;instead of代替,而不是;rather than而不是。根据语境可知,此处是在描述城市漫步的好处,即人们既能更多地了解他们的城市,又能在旅行上省钱,所以应该用as well as连接两个并列的成分,表示“既……又……”。故选A。
4.B
【解析】句意:——快点!我们得现在就走,否则就赶不上校车了。——好的。我正在收拾书包。
考查连词辨析。and和;or否则;but但是;so所以。根据“Hurry up! We need to leave now,...we'll miss the school bus.”可知,前后句为条件关系,需用连词or“否则”连接,构成“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”结构。故选B。
5.A
【解析】句意:——中国传统绘画保留了其古老的风格,现在许多艺术家将其与现代思想相结合。——这就是我们的文化保持活力和创造力的原因!
考查连词辨析。and和;until直到;so因此;or或者。根据“The Traditional Chinese Painting keeps its ancient styles, ... many artists now mix it with modern ideas.”可知,两句话构成并列结构,用and连接,故选A。
6.B
【解析】句意:医生们工作了八个小时,但是没有人停下来休息。
考查连词辨析。or或者,否则;but但是,表示转折关系;so所以,因此,表示因果关系;for因为,用于解释原因。根据“The doctors worked for eight hours,...nobody stopped for a break.”可知,医生们工作了八个小时,但是没有人停下来休息。故选B。
7.B
【解析】句意:——2024年贺岁片,你最喜欢哪一部?——《热辣滚烫》。我很喜欢贾玲。她的电影既有幽默感又有很多启示。
考查并列连词辨析。either…or…不是……就是……;both…and…两个都;neither…nor…既不……也不……;not…but…不是……而是……。根据“Her film has…a sense of humor…lots of inspiration.”可知,此处表达这部电影同时具有两种特点,幽默感和启示。故选B。
8.C
【解析】句意:因为世界变化如此之快,所以持续学习新技术很重要。
考查连词辨析。so所以;or或者;since因为;unless除非。根据“It’s important to keep learning about new technology...the world changes so fast.”可知,前后句是因果关系,前果后因,应用since引导原因状语从句。故选C。
9.B
【解析】句意:在发布在网上之前认真考虑,因为你的话可能会被成百万的人看到。
考查连词辨析。and和,并且;for因为,由于;yet还,仍然;but但是。分析前后句的关系可知,是因果关系,此处表示“因为你的话会被看到”。故选B。
10.C
【解析】句意:孙颖莎说她并不比别人聪明,但她有坚强的意志。
考查连词辨析。before在……之前;because因为;but但是;so所以。根据“she isn’t cleverer than anyone else...she has a strong will.”可知,前后句为转折关系,用but连接。故选C。
11.D
【解析】句意:中国剪纸是一种传统艺术形式。它不仅能展示美丽的图案,还能表达人们对好运和幸福的祝愿。
考查连词辨析。neither... nor...既不……也不……;not... but...不是……而是……;either... or...要么……要么……;not only... but also...不仅……而且……。根据“It can...show beautiful patterns...express people’s wishes for good luck and happiness.”可知,剪纸兼具展示图案和表达祝福双重功能,表示两者都肯定。故选D。
12.C
【解析】句意:——你打算什么时候去参观宿迁三台山公园?——我还没决定。要么这个星期天要么下个星期天都可以。这两天我有空。
考查连词短语辨析。Not... but...不是……而是……;Neither... nor...既不……也不……,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,表示否定意义;Either... or...表示“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,表示选择关系;Both... and...表示“……和……都”,连接两个并列成分作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,表示肯定意义。 根据“I haven’t decided.”以及“I am free these two days.”可知,说话人还没决定具体时间,这个星期天或者下个星期天都行,是在这两天中选择一天,所以用“Either... or...”符合语境r。故选C。
13.D
【解析】句意:按时完成作业,否则你会错过周末旅行。
考查并列连词辨析。but但是;and和;so所以;or否则。根据“Finish…you’ll miss…”可知,前句是条件,后句是负面结果,需用“or”表示“否则”的警告含义。故选D。
14.B
【解析】句意:——努力做自己生活的主人。生活就像一匹马,要么你驾驭它,要么它驾驭你?——我想要的那本书。商店里一点也不剩了。
考查并列连词辨析。neither…nor…既不……也不……;either…or…不是……就是……;both…and…都……和……;not only…but also…不仅……而且……。根据“Life is a horse and…you ride it…it rides you?”可知,此处指的是生活就像一匹马,不是你驾驭它,就是它驾驭你。either…or…“不是……就是……”符合语境。故选B。
15.D
【解析】句意: 阅读小说不仅具有娱乐性,还能培养批判性思维能力。
考查连词辨析。neither…nor…既不……也不……;either…or…要么……要么……;not…but…不是……而是……;not only…but also…不仅……而且……。根据“Reading fiction is…entertaining…develops critical thinking skills.”可知,此处指阅读小说不仅具有娱乐性,还能培养批判性思维能力。故选D。
16.B
【解析】句意:莉莉经常锻炼,因为下个月她要参加体育考试。
考查连词辨析。or或者;because因为;but但是;so因此。根据“Lily exercises a lot, …she will have a P.E. test next month.”可知,要参加体育考试是莉莉经常锻炼的原因,应用because引导原因状语从句。故选B。
17.B
【解析】句意:昨晚雨下得很大,所以今天早上地面是湿的。
考查连词辨析。but“但是”,表示转折;so“所以”,表示因果;or“或者”,表示选择;yet“然而”,表示转折。根据“It rained heavily… the ground was wet”可知,前后为因果关系,需选表结果的连词。故选B。
18.D
【解析】句意:把参考书丢在一边,否则你将无法独立思考。
考查并列连词辨析。and表示并列关系,意为“和”;so表示因果关系,意为“所以”;but表示转折关系,意为“但是”;or表示“否则”。该句考查固定句型“祈使句+or+将来时句子”用于警告或建议,故选D。
19.D
【解析】句意:这个女孩没有检查她的电子邮件,所以她错过了重要的信息。
考查连词辨析。or或者;but但是;if如果;so所以。“女孩没有检查她的电子邮件”和“她错过了重要的信息”之间是因果关系,用so连接。故选D。
20.B
【解析】句意:习近平主席说,摆脱贫困不是终点,而是新生活的起点。
考查连词。either...or或者……或者……;not...but不是……而是……;neither...nor既不……也不……;both...and两者都。根据“shaking off poverty (贫穷) is...the finish line,...the starting point of a new life.”可知,是指摆脱贫困不是终点而是新生活的起点。故选B。
21.A
【解析】句意:我看起来不错,思维敏捷,做事努力。如果我不在课堂上,我要么在图书馆,要么在计算机实验室。
考查连词辨析。either...or...或者……或者;neither...nor既不……也不;both...and两者都;not only...but also不但……而且。根据“I look good, think fast and play hard. If I’m not in class, I’m...in the library...in the computer lab”可知自己很努力,如果没有在课堂上,要么在图书馆,要么在计算机实验室。故选A。
22.A
【解析】句意:遵从安全指示,否则你会陷入危险的境地。
考查连词辨析。or否则;and并且;so所以;but但是。根据“Follow the safety instructions, … you could end up in a dangerous situation.”可知,此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,前后句之间存在一种相反的假设关系,即如果不遵守安全说明,就会陷入危险境地。故选A。
23.D
【解析】句意:社交媒体帮助我们获得新闻,但是它也可能包括虚假信息。
考查连词辨析。so因此;or或者;for因为;but但是。前半句“Social media helps us get news”与后半句“it may also include false information”之间是转折关系,使用转折连词“but”连接,故选D。
24.C
【解析】句意:这个女孩没有检查她的电子邮件,所以她错过了重要的信息。
考查连词辨析。or或者;but但是;so所以;if如果。根据句意可知,因为女孩没有检查她的电子邮件,所以她错过了重要的信息。前后句之间是因果关系。故选C。
25.C
【解析】句意:当你离开教室时要关灯,否则你将会浪费电。
考查连词词义辨析。and并且;but但是;or否则;so所以。根据“Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom,...you will waste electricity.”可知,此处是“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构,前后表示转折关系,即:要关灯,否则会浪费电。故选C。
26.C
【解析】句意:这个团队除了待在办公室完成项目外别无选择。
考查动词短语。and和;for为了;but但是;or或者。根据“The team has no choice … to stay late at the office”可知,此处应指别无选择,只能待在办公室完成项目,have no choice but to do“除了……别无选择”。故选C。
27.B
【解析】句意:我喜欢在家看书,而我妹妹喜欢和朋友出去玩。
考查连词辨析。so所以;while然而 ;because因为;and和。“我喜欢在家看书”和“我妹妹喜欢和朋友出去玩”是转折关系,用while表示转折对比。故选B。
28.B
【解析】句意:除非我们尽力,否则我们永远不知道我们能实现什么目标。
考查连词辨析。because因为;unless除非;but但是;if如果。根据“we try our best”可知,是前一句的否定条件,除非尽力否则不知道能实现什么目标,故选B。
29.B
【解析】句意:——莉莉在我摔断腿时照顾了我。她是一个真正的朋友。——我同意。正如俗话所说,“患难见真情。”
考查连词辨析。as因为;till直到;since自从;though尽管。根据“A friend is never known...a man has need.”可知,此处指的是直到一个人需要时,朋友才被知晓,也就是“患难见真情”,故选B。
30.C
【解析】句意:直到他父亲回家他才上床睡觉。
考查状语从句。because因为;although虽然;until直到;if如果。根据“He didn’t go to bed”可知,此处表示直到他父亲回家他才上床睡觉。not … until表示“直到……才……”,引导时间状语从句。故选C。
31.A
【解析】句意:尽管我们遇到许多困难,但我们始终对未来充满希望。
考查连词用法。Although尽管,引导让步状语从句,不与but连用;Because因为,引导原因状语从句,不与so连用。根据“we meet many difficulties, ... we are always hopeful”可知,前后为转折关系,且无需重复连词,故选A。
32.B
【解析】句意:无论何时我们见到他,他总是帮老妇人打扫房子。
考查连词辨析。Because因为;Whenever无论何时;Although尽管;Unless除非。根据“...we see him, he is always helping the old woman clean the house.”可知,这里指无论何时我们见到他,所以应用whenever引导让步状语从句,故选B。
33.D
【解析】句意:尽管雨下得很大,我们还是很享受假期。
考查连词辨析。However不管怎样;Because因为;Unless除非;Although尽管。根据“…it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday.”可知,前后句之间是让步关系,此处应用Although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
34.D
【解析】句意:除非我们在失败中不断练习,否则我们永远无法取得成功。
考查从属连词词义辨析。until直到;because因为;if如果;unless除非。根据“we keep practicing through failures.”可知,该句指除非我们在失败中不断练习。故选D。
35.D
【解析】句意:Sarah承诺帮助我做项目,即使她自己很忙。
考查连词辨析。so that以便;ever since自从;as if好像;even though即使。前后两句是让步关系,即使很忙也承诺帮助,故选D。
36.C
【解析】句意:除非你养成一些好的学习习惯,否则你不会学得很好。
考查连词辨析。if如果;because因为;unless除非;while当……的时候。根据“You won’t study well...you develop some good learning habits”可知,此句是unless引导的条件状语从句,除非你养成一些好的学习习惯,否则你不会学得很好。故选C。
37.D
【解析】句意:—— 你会和我们一起去动物园吗? —— 当然,除非下雨。
考查连词词义辨析。if 如果;when 当……时;since 自从;unless 除非。根据 “Of course”以及 “it rains”,可知,如果不下雨就去动物园,下雨就不去,此处用于表达否定的条件。故选D。
38.C
【解析】句意:由于长江安徽段生态环境改善,许多珍稀鸟类回归。
考查连词辨析。Unless除非;Though尽管;Since由于;While当……时。根据“Anhui area of the Yangtze River has improved”与“many special birds returned”之间的因果关系,前半句是后半句的原因,需用表原因的连词。故选C。
39.A
【解析】句意:我们应该爱护地球,以便我们能创造一个更美好的居住世界。
考查连词词义辨析。so that以便,为了,引导目的状语从句;ever since自从;even if即使;even though尽管。“爱护地球”的目的是“创造更美好的居住世界”,“so that”符合语境,故选A。
40.A
【解析】句意:——汤姆,你昨天什么时候睡觉的?——我直到认真完成所有作业才睡觉。
考查连词辨析。until直到;although虽然;if如果;after在……之后。根据“I didn’t go to bed … I finished all my homework carefully.”可知,此处是“not … until …”结构,表示“直到……才……”。故选A。
41.B
【解析】句意:——你哥哥有爱好吗?——没有,除非你认为看短视频是一种爱好。
考查连词辨析。if如果;unless除非;until直到……为止;though虽然。根据“No, …think watching short videos is a hobby.”可知,此处指除非把看短视频称为爱好,否则他就没有什么爱好,使用unless引导条件状语从句。故选B。
42.D
【解析】句意:除非你努力学习,否则你不可能通过考试。
考查连词辨析。as当……时;because因为;if如果;unless除非。根据空前后关系可知,空处需unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。
43.B
【解析】句意:人们经常在春天种树,因为这是它们生长的好时机。
考查连词辨析。if如果;because因为;though虽然,尽管;until到……时,直到……为止。根据“People often plant trees in spring...it’s a good time for them to grow.”可知人们经常在春天种树,因为这是它们生长的好时机,前后为因果关系。故选B。
44.B
【解析】句意:杰克逊坐下时注意到桌子上有一个奇怪的记号。
考查连词辨析。since自从,表示从过去某个时间点开始持续的动作;as当……时,常用于表示两个短暂动作同时发生;while在……期间,通常用于持续动作或状态;until直到,表示动作持续到某个时间点。notice“注意到”以及sat down“坐下”,都是瞬间动作,as符合。故选B。
45.D
【解析】句意:虽然这部电影很长,有点无聊,但许多人一直看到最后。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;until直到;since因为;although尽管。根据“the movie was long and a little boring”可知,电影虽然无聊,但很多人看到最后,故选D。
46.C
【解析】句意:我们无法取得任何进展,除非我们齐心协力,作为一个团队紧密合作。
考查连词辨析 。if如果;so that以便,为了;unless除非;even if即使。根据语境,“齐心协力、团队紧密合作”是“取得进展”的条件,这里表达“除非”这样做,否则无法取得进展,所以用unless。故选C。
47.C
【解析】句意:——尽管牛仔裤是100多年前发明的,但它们至今仍很流行。——是的,我同意你的观点。大多数年轻人都非常喜欢它们。
考查连词辨析。Because因为;If如果;Although尽管;Since自从。根据“…jeans were invented over 100 years ago, they are still in fashion today.”的语境可知,此处句意发生了让步,指尽管发明已久,但依然流行,C项符合。故选C。
48.A
【解析】句意:她不允许她丈夫开车,除非他同意戒酒。
考查连词。unless除非;since自从;if如果;after在……之后。结合句意,如果她丈夫不同意戒酒,她就不允许他开车,因此用unless引导条件状语从句,故选A。
49.D
【解析】句意:——我的祖父仍然每天读书,因为他认为学习是一段永远不会结束的旅程。 ——他为我们树立了一个好榜样。
考查连词辨析。before在……之前;unless除非;though尽管;because因为。根据“reads books every day ”和“he thinks learning is a journey that never ends.”可知,前后句是因果关系,“认为学习是永远不会结束的旅程”是“每天读书”的原因,因此应用because连接。故选D。
50.C
【解析】句意:——既然考试结束了,我们要不要粉刷教室的墙壁?——太好了!这是我们考试前的计划。
考查连词辨析。Even though尽管;As if好像;Now that既然; Ever since自从。根据“exams are over, shall we paint the classroom wall?”可知,前句是后句的原因,而且表示已知的原因,应用now that引导原因状语从句。故选C。
51.D
【解析】句意:——父母不会允许我出去玩,除非我完成我的作业。——他们是对的。作业优先。
考查连词辨析。if如果;after……之后;when当……时;unless除非。根据“My parents won’t allow me to hang out ”和“I finish my homework”可知,完成作业是出去玩的前提条件,需用否定条件连词unless表达“除非……否则不”的逻辑关系。故选D。
52.B
【解析】句意:你可能考试不及格,除非你努力学习。
考查连词的用法。whether是否;unless除非;although虽然;because因为。根据“You may fail...study hard”即“如果不努力学习,你可能会考试不及格”,逻辑合理。故选B。
53.A
【解析】句意:——马先生,我怎样才能把句子写得更好?——用“as”这个词来表示“原因和结果”是一个好方法。
考查连词辨析。as因为;however然而;moreover而且;while当。根据“cause and influence”可知是用as表示“因果关系”。故选A。
54.C
【解析】句意:郑钦文在奥运会上获得金牌前训练非常刻苦。
考查连词辨析。when当……时;while在……期间;before在……之前;after在……之后。根据“Zheng Qinwen trained hard...she won a gold medal at the Olympics.”可知,郑钦文刻苦训练,在奥运会上获得了金牌,即“她在奥运会上获得金牌前训练非常刻苦”。故选C。
55.D
【解析】句意:——不要使用你哥哥的电脑,除非你被允许。——好的。未经允许我不会做任何事。
考查连词辨析。if如果;because因为;though虽然;unless除非。根据“I won’t do anything without being allowed.”可知是指除非被允许,否则不可以用电脑,故选D。
56.D
【解析】句意:蜜蜂不会伤害别人,除非它们生气了。因此,我们最好不要为了好玩而攻击它们。
考查连词辨析。if如果;until直到……为止;since自从,因为;unless除非。根据“Bees do not hurt others ... they are angry. ”可知,“蜜蜂不会伤害别人” 的前提是 “它们不生气”,空格处需表达 “除非” 的条件关系。“unless they are angry” 相当于 “if they are not angry”,符合逻辑。故选D。
57.B
【解析】句意:除非投诉得到妥善处理,否则会导致客户不满。
考查连词辨析。If如果;Unless除非;As由于;Although虽然。根据“the complaint is dealt with properly”和“can lead to dissatisfaction”的语义关系可知,此处需填入表示“除非/如果不”的连词,构成“除非妥善处理,否则会导致不满”的逻辑。故选B。
58.C
【解析】句意:除非你听的比说的多,否则你永远不会真正理解别人。
考查从属连词辨析。Though尽管;Since自从;Unless除非;While与……同时;。根据“you listen more than you speak”和“you will never truly understand others”和选项可知两句之间是否定的条件关系,表示“除非你听的比说的多,否则你永远不会真正理解别人”。故选C。
59.A
【解析】句意:除非你从现在开始努力学习,否则你会失去深造的机会,你会后悔的。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;after在……之后;before在……之前;until直到……才。根据“You’ll lose the chance to get further education and be really sorry…you study hard from now on.”以及结合选项可知,此处指除非从现在开始努力学习,否则会失去深造的机会,应用unless引导条件状语从句。故选A。
60.A
【解析】句意:如果你在连云港四处游览,你将会更多地了解它的文化。
考查连词辨析。if如果;because因为;though虽然;unless除非。根据“you go around Lianyungang”与“You will know more about its culture”之间的逻辑关系可知,这里是条件关系,“你在连云港四处游览”是“你将会更多地了解它的文化”的条件。故选A。
61.A
【解析】句意:——听!玛丽正在教室里唱歌。她的嗓音非常好。——是的,我相信如果她参加歌唱比赛,她一定能名列前茅。
考查连词辨析。if如果;before在……之前;though虽然;unless除非。后句是前句的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
62.D
【解析】句意:神舟十九号航天员蔡旭哲、宋令东、王浩泽每天都严格按照计划训练,以便圆满完成航天任务,以民族英雄的身份凯旋回家。
考查从属连词辨析。even though即使,纵然;unless除非;because因为;so tha以便,为了。根据“they could complete their space work successfully and return home as national heroes”可知,他们每天都严格按照计划训练,是为了圆满完成航天任务,so that引导目的状语从句。故选D。
63.A
【解析】句意:名字通常伴随我们一生,除非我们决定改变它们。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;if如果;though虽然;when当……时。根据“we decided to change them.”可知,此处是说“除非”改变名字,unless符合语境。故选A。
64.A
【解析】句意:人生的道路从来不会一帆风顺,因为它充满起伏。
考查连词辨析。because因为;though尽管;if如果;unless除非。根据“The course of life never runs smoothly...it is full of ups and downs.”可知,此处表原因。故选A。
65.C
【解析】句意:——莉莉,你对你的工作满意吗?——当然。每当我完成一项任务,我都感到一种真正的成就感。
考查连词辨析。Until直到;If如果;Whenever每当;Unless除非。根据“I complete a task, I feel a real sense of achievement.”可知,是指每当完成一项任务,都会感到有成就感。故选C。
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