课时作业四　阅读理解提分练D-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

课时作业四　阅读理解提分练D 【词汇清障】 阅读理解D1　词汇连线题 第一组 1．heartwarming A．发起；发动；发射 2．pursue B．溢出；泄漏；摔下 3．spill C．追求；致力于；追赶 4．decline D．令人感动的；温暖人心的 5．launch E．下降；减少；衰退 答案　1－D；2－C；3－B；4－E；5－A 第二组 1．poisonous A．暂时的；临时的；短暂的 2．temporary B．致命的；有害的；极坏的 3．dual C．双重的；双的；两部分的 4．generous D．慷慨的；大方的；丰富的 5．standard E．标准；水平；规格 答案　1－B；2－A；3－C；4－D；5－E 阅读理解D2　词汇连线题 第一组 1．hiker A．旅行日志；游记 2．retrace B．徒步旅行者 3．travelog C．跟随；模仿；仿效 4．legendary D．重走；追溯；折回 5．follow in one's footsteps E．传奇的；传说的；极其著名的 答案　1－B；2－D；3－A；4－E；5－C 第二组 1．construction A．包含；包括；使成为一部分 2．union B．联合；联盟；工会 3．swell C．建造；建筑；建筑物 4．witness D．见证；目睹；目击 5．include E．肿胀；膨胀；(使)凸出 答案　1－C；2－B；3－E；4－D；5－A 阅读理解D3　词汇连线题 第一组 1．rotation A．同步；同时(性) 2．drag B．旋转；转动；轮流 3．synchronization C．拖拽；拖拉；拖累 4．removal D．去除；消除；移走 5．interruption E．打断；中断；干扰 答案　1－B；2－C；3－A；4－D；5－E 第二组 1．digitized A．抛弃；遗弃；放弃 2．abandon B．可靠的；可信赖的；真实可信的 3．adjustment C．数字化的；数字显示的 4．reliable D．调整；调节；适应 5．stability E．稳定；稳定性；稳固 答案　1－C；2－A；3－D；4－B；5－E 阅读理解D4　词汇连线题 第一组 1．delicate A．致命的；极有害的 2．lethal B．精致的；脆弱的；微妙的 3．extinction C．灭绝；绝种；消亡 4．secure D．保护；保卫；使安全 5．urgently E．紧急地；迫切地；急切地 答案　1－B；2－A；3－C；4－D；5－E 第二组 1．methodology A．开支；支出；花费 2．expenditure B．方法；一套方法 3．community C．社区；社会；团体 4．cooperation D．合作；协作；配合 5．hopefully E．有希望地；可以指望；但愿 答案　1－B；2－A；3－C；4－D；5－E 【习题精做】 阅读理解D1 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (24－25·高三上湖北期末)A Chinese student studying in the UK shared a heartwarming story online about her tutor who quit her job to pursue a unique mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica.The tutor's email_reply to the student read，“Thank you for your email.I have left to pursue my dream of making sweaters for penguins in Antarctica and no longer work for the School of Economics.I will be out of office on a permanent，indefinite，open-ended basis until my penguin friends are happy.” This act of kindness is part of a larger charity initiative that began after a major oil spill near Phillip Island，Australia，in the late 1990s.The spill severely affected the local penguin population，leading to a decline in their numbers and health over the following breeding seasons.When little penguins become oiled，they will try to clean the poisonous oil from their feathers with their beaks (喙)，and ingesting it can kill them.It also damages their delicate feathers，which exposes their skin to extreme temperatures and they are left cold，heavy and unable to swim or hunt for food. In response to such incidents，the Penguin Foundation and Phillip Island Nature Parks launched a campaign urging knitting enthusiasts worldwide to knit sweaters for the affected penguins.These sweaters serve a dual purpose：they provide temporary warmth and prevent the penguins from reaching their oily feathers with their beaks.The last significant oil spill around Phillip Island occurred in 2001，affecting 438 little penguins.With the help of these sweaters，96% of then were successfully rescued and released back into the wild. The penguin jumper program has been running for over 20 years，and during this time，more than 200，000 sweaters have been knitted for penguins by generous knitters across the globe. While some argue that the sweaters could potentially add extra pressure to the penguins' bodies or cause them to overheat，the Penguin Foundation explains that the sweaters are used temporarily to keep penguins warm before their bodies are washed and feathers recover.Besides，penguins need sweaters made of all wool，only those sweaters that meet the standard for wear can be received by the Penguin Foundation. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了一位在英国留学的中国学生分享了她的导师为了给南极的企鹅织毛衣而辞职的温馨故事，以及这一行为背后的慈善倡议和其对企鹅的保护意义。 1．Why did the tutor quit her job? A．She was more attracted to knitting. B．She decided to protect penguins in Antarctica. C．She was dissatisfied with the School of Economics. D．She was offered a position at the Penguin Foundation. B　细节理解题。根据第一段中“A Chinese student studying in the UK shared a heartwarming story online about her tutor who quit her job to pursue a unique mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica.(一位在英国留学的中国学生在网上分享了一个关于她的导师的温馨故事，她的导师为了追求一个独特的使命而辞职：为南极的企鹅织毛衣)”可知，导师辞职是为了去南极保护企鹅。故选B项。 2．What does the underlined word “ingesting” mean in the paragraph 2? A．Taking in.　　　 B．Feeding on. C．Breathing in. D．Sweeping away. A　词句猜测题。根据画线词前文“they will try to clean the poisonous oil from their feathers with their beaks.(它们会试图用喙清理羽毛上的有毒油脂)”后文“ingesting it can kill them.(ingesting有毒油脂会杀死他们)”可推知，小企鹅会用喙清理羽毛上的有毒油脂，这就会导致它们误吞食这些油脂，进而杀死它们。故画线词意思是“摄取，吞食”，与A项“Taking in”意思相近。故选A项。 3．What harm will the oil spill cause to the penguins? A．It will make them overheated. B．It will pose a threat to their survival. C．It will make them more visible to the hunters. D．It will make them overweight and unhealthy. B　细节理解题。根据第二段中“The spill severely affected the local penguin population，leading to a decline in their numbers and health over the following breeding seasons.(这次泄漏严重影响了当地企鹅的数量，在接下来的繁殖季节，它们的数量和健康状况都有所下降)”以及“It also damages their delicate feathers，which exposes their skin to extreme temperatures and they are left cold，heavy and unable to swim or hunt for food.(它还损害了它们精致的羽毛，使它们的皮肤暴露在极端温度下，它们会感到寒冷、沉重，无法游泳或觅食)”可知，石油泄漏会威胁企鹅的生存。故选B项。 4．Which of the following would be the best title for the article? A．Antarctic Penguins：A Call for Sweaters. B．Knitting for Conservation：A Global Issue. C．Antarctic Oil Spills：A Disaster on Penguins. D．Warmth in Every Stitch：Tutor Quits for Penguins. D　主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“A Chinese student studying in the UK shared a heartwarming story online about her tutor who quit her job to pursue a unique mission：knitting sweaters for penguins in Antarctica.(一位在英国留学的中国学生在网上分享了一个关于她的导师的温馨故事，她的导师为了追求一个独特的使命而辞职：为南极的企鹅织毛衣)”可知，文章主要讲述了一位在英国留学的中国学生分享了她的导师为了给南极的企鹅织毛衣而辞职的温馨故事，以及这一行为背后的慈善倡议和其对企鹅的保护意义。故D选项“Warmth in Every Stitch：Tutor Quits for Penguins.(每一针都充满温暖：导师为企鹅辞职)”能概括文章内容，最适合作文章标题。故选D项。 阅读理解D2 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (24－25·高三上河南期末)Beginning in Venice on April 26，2022，Italian hiker Vienna Cammarota arrived in China last month，the last stop of her journey to the East，travelling more than 20，000 kilometers.With a simple backpack and two hiking poles，Cammarota experienced a journey from Italy across Slovenia，Croatia，Serbia，Bulgaria，Turkiye，Georgia，Iran，Turkmenistan，Azerbaijan，Uzbekistan，Tajikistan，and Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan. Inspired by Marco Polo，who travelled to China along the ancient Silk Road in 1275，Cammarota set off from the legendary explorer's hometown of Venice to retrace the route on foot.“Marco Polo lived in China for 17 years and in his travelog，he provided detailed descriptions of the country，which allowed Westerners to learn about the charm of this Eastern nation for the first time，” Cammarota says.She adds that she hopes to see more of modern China by following in Marco Polo's footsteps. As a hiker，Cammarota has paid special attention to road and bridge constructions，among which she was impressed by the Peljesac Bridge in Croatia，a project built by a union led by the China Road and Bridge Corporation.“When I see these buildings，I feel my heart swell with excitement.It's only by witnessing them first-hand that you can truly grasp their incredible nature and can be shocked by their greatness，” she says. She began studying The Travels of Marco Polo in 2000 and planned to retrace Marco Polo's route along the Silk Road.Her goal is to experience the profound cultural heritage(遗产) of Chinese civilization，witness the development and achievements of modern China，and most importantly，call for global harmony and inclusiveness by bringing into modern view the Silk Road history and spirit to boost dialogue and understanding between the East and the West. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了意大利徒步旅行者Vienna Cammarota沿着马可·波罗的足迹，从威尼斯出发，经过多个国家，最终到达中国的徒步旅行经历。 1．What can we learn about Cammarota's journey? A．It covered a long distance. B．The final stop of it is Kyrgyzstan. C．She arrived in China on April 26，2022. D．She got support from many strangers during it. A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Beginning in Venice on April 26，2022，Italian hiker Vienna Cammarota arrived in China last month，the last stop of her journey to the East，travelling more than 20，000 kilometers.(2022年4月26日，意大利徒步旅行者Vienna Cammarota从威尼斯出发，上个月抵达中国，这是她东方之旅的最后一站，行程超过2万公里)”可知，Vienna Cammarota的旅程超过2万公里，距离很长。故选A。 2．What's the main idea of paragraph 2? A．China's appeal to Westerners. B．Marco Polo's experience in China. C．The reasons and hope for Cammarota's travel. D．The preparations Cammarota made for her travel. C　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段“Inspired by Marco Polo，who travelled to China along the ancient Silk Road in 1275，Cammarota set off from the legendary explorer's hometown of Venice to retrace the route on foot.‘Marco Polo lived in China for 17 years and in his travelog，he provided detailed descriptions of the country，which allowed Westerners to learn about the charm of this Eastern nation for the first time，’ Cammarota says.She adds that she hopes to see more of modern China by following in Marco Polo's footsteps.(受1275年沿古代丝绸之路前往中国的马可·波罗的启发，Cammarota从这位传奇探险家的故乡威尼斯出发，徒步重走这条路线。‘马可·波罗在中国生活了17年，他在游记中对这个国家进行了详细描述，让西方人首次领略到这个东方国家的魅力。’Cammarota说道。她还表示，希望通过追随马可·波罗的脚步，更多地了解现代中国)”可知，第二段前半部分提到Cammarota受马可·波罗启发，从威尼斯出发重走路线，这是她旅行的原因；后半部分提到她希望通过追随马可·波罗的脚步更多地了解现代中国，这是她旅行的希望，所以该段主要讲述了Cammarota旅行的原因和希望。故选C。 3．How did Cammarota probably feel about the constructions in Croatia? A．Curious and grateful. B．Proud and satisfied. C．Excited and astonished. D．Relieved and confident. C　推理判断题。根据文章第三段“‘When I see these buildings，I feel my heart swell with excitement.It's only by witnessing them first-hand that you can truly grasp their incredible nature and can be shocked by their greatness，’ she says.(‘当我看到这些建筑时，内心激动不已。只有亲眼目睹，你才能真正领会它们的非凡之处，并为其伟大而震撼。’她说)”可知，她看到这些建筑时内心激动，并且为它们的伟大而震惊。故选C。 4．What is the main goal of Cammarota's journey? A．To enrich her life. B．To promote harmony in the world. C．To challenge herself physically. D．To learn more about the Silk Road. B　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Her goal is to experience the profound cultural heritage (遗产) of Chinese civilization，witness the development and achievements of modern China，and most importantly，call for global harmony and inclusiveness by bringing into modern view the Silk Road history and spirit to boost dialogue and understanding between the East and the West.(她的目标是体验中华文明深厚的文化遗产，见证现代中国的发展与成就，而最重要的是，以现代视角重现丝绸之路的历史与精神，促进东西方之间的对话与理解，倡导全球和谐与包容)”可知，Cammarota此次旅行最重要的目标是倡导全球和谐与包容，促进东西方对话与理解，也就是推动世界和谐。故选B。 阅读理解D3 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (24－25·高三上广东揭阳期末)The concept of a day，defined by Earth's rotation(自转)，has been the basis for timekeeping since ancient times.However，the speed of Earth's rotation is not always the same.It slows down due to the drag of tides，leading to the addition of “leap seconds” (闰秒) to atomic time(原子时间) to maintain synchronization，keeping atomic time matching the Earth's rotation.In this way，our clocks match how long it takes for the Earth to make one full turn.Since 1972，we have added leap seconds 27 times.Yet，recent changes in Earth's rotation have brought about a debate on whether we should continue this practice. In the past，Earth's rotation was slowing，but since the 1990s，it has been speeding up，potentially requiring the removal of a leap second.This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds，as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations.For instance，the addition of a leap second in 2012 caused Reddit to crash and some airline companies to experience flight delays. The debate raises the question：does it matter if there's a noticeable difference between Earth's rotational day and atomic time? In a digitized world，the exact length of the day might seem less important.However，some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons，including scientific and cultural significance. The decision to continue or abandon leap seconds is complex.Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment.But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035，as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022.This would mean less frequent adjustments，allowing for better preparation. Ultimately，the decision on leap seconds reflects our relationship with time and the importance we place on consistency.As physicist Elizabeth says，“Time is the most important unit in the international system of units；a lot of other standards depend on it.” Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system，the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲述的是关于地球自转日与原子时间之间关系及其引发的闰秒调整争议。 1．What is the most likely meaning of “synchronization” in Para.1? A．Separating from others. B．Keeping the same pace. C．Predicting time patterns. D．Making something confusing. B　词句猜测题。根据第一段画线词后文“keeping atomic time matching the Earth's rotation(使原子时间与地球自转保持一致)”并结合前文可知，画线词所在句子表示“由于潮汐的拖拽作用，地球自转速度会减慢，这导致需要在原子时间中增加“闰秒”以保持同步，使原子时间与地球自转保持一致”，画线词的意思是“同步”，和“Keeping the same pace(保持同样的速度)”意思相近。故选B。 2．Why are Reddit and some airline companies mentioned in Para.2? A．They were trapped in computer interruptions. B．They prove the big change on Earth's rotation. C．They suffered great damages from flight delays. D．They are examples of the impact by a leap second. D　推理判断题。根据第二段“In the past，Earth's rotation was slowing，but since the 1990s，it has been speeding up，potentially requiring the removal of a leap second.This complete change has led to questions about the necessity of leap seconds，as they cause interruptions in computer and telecom operations.(在过去，地球的自转是缓慢的，但自20世纪90年代以来，它一直在加速，这可能需要消除闰秒。这种彻底的改变引发了人们对闰秒必要性的质疑，因为闰秒会导致计算机和电信业务中断。)”可知，在第2段中提到了Reddit和一些航空公司是因为它们都是闰秒影响的例子。故选D。 3．What is the purpose of adjusting leap seconds? A．To slow down Earth's rotation. B．To prevent great chaos in the world. C．To protect other standards relying on time. D．To keep time measuring dependable and consistent. D　推理判断题。根据最后一段“Whether we choose to keep leap seconds or adopt a new system，the goal is to ensure the reliability and stability of timekeeping in our increasingly interconnected world.(无论我们选择保留闰秒还是采用新的系统，目标都是在我们这个日益相互联系的世界中确保计时的可靠性和稳定性。)”可知，调整闰秒的目的是保持时间测量的可靠性和一致性。故选D。 4．What may be the author's opinion on adjusting leap seconds? A．Favourable. B．Neutral. C．Subjective. D．Indifferent. B　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段“However，some argue that maintaining the traditional day is important for various reasons，including scientific and cultural significance.(然而，一些人认为，出于各种原因，包括科学和文化意义，保持传统的日子很重要。)”和倒数第二段“Some propose waiting a century before making a significant adjustment.But others suggest stopping leap-second adjustments by 2035，as voted by the General Conference on Weights and Measures in 2022.(一些人建议在一个世纪后再进行重大调整。但另一些人则建议根据2022年国际计量大会的投票结果，在2035年前停止闰秒调整。)”可知，作者客观地介绍了关于闰秒调整的讨论和争议，因此可以认为作者的态度是中立的。故选B。 阅读理解D4 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 (2025·湖南永州二模)On the beach of San Miguel，a Mexican surf heaven in Todos Santos Bay，Ensenada，a small freshwater stream flows into the bay.While it doesn't look like much，this connection of stream and sea is key to the bay's famous surf break.For years，though，this delicate bond has been threatened by illegal landfills and proposed projects to expand the port facilities of Ensenada. “The construction of coastal protection infrastructure (基础设施) is especially lethal to waves，” says Salazar，a local surfer.Three breakwaters have been responsible for wave extinctions in Ensenada：two of them built to secure ports and a third constructed to protect a gas company. Although the biologists and surfers could see they urgently needed a conservation plan，the big question was how to design a project attractive enough for local politicians to get on board.So from 2014 to 2015，Trent E．Hodges，conservation program manager of Save the Waves Coalition (STW)，an international nonprofit committed to the protection of surf ecosystems around the world，studied the surfing activity of several hotspots in Todos Santos Bay in Ensenada using “surfonomics，” a methodology adopted by STW to measure the economic influence of surfing. His study revealed that tourists had an average budget per day of US $111 and stayed an average of 10 days.Combined，the expenditures of tourists and local surfers ranged from $746，000 to $969，000 annually.With the surfonomics data on board，the wave protection movement entered a new stage.In 2021，Arroyo San Miguel State Park was established and it was the first state park in Baja California. For now，San Miguel's waves keep rolling in.Surfers watch for them；children laugh and play near the stream that helps create them.This unique state park in Mexico seems to be ringing with the sounds of community and cooperation，nature and conservation，and the waves that will，hopefully，keep breaking far into the future.Together，these seem like a victory song. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了墨西哥冲浪圣地面临危机时，各方通过合作促成当地州立公园的建立，达到保护冲浪点的目的。 1．What does the underlined word “lethal” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．Extremely harmful. B．Directly beneficial. C．Highly responsive. D．Relatively sensitive. A　词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The construction of coastal protection infrastructure.(海防基础设施建设)”以及第二段“Three breakwaters have been responsible for wave extinctions.(三个防波堤造成了波浪的灭绝)”可知，防波堤造成了波浪的灭绝，说明海岸保护基础设施的建设对海浪来说是有害的，lethal意为“极其有害的”。故选A。 2．What might be a logical starting point for involving politicians in wave conservation? A．Urgent need for coastal protection. B．Environmental impact of wave loss. C．Economic benefits from surf tourism. D．Wave extinction in Todos Santos Bay. C　推理判断题。根据第三段“Although the biologists and surfers could see they urgently needed a conservation plan，the big question was how to design a project attractive enough for local politicians to get on board.So from 2014 to 2015，Trent E．Hodges，conservation program manager of Save the Waves Coalition (STW)，an international nonprofit committed to the protection of surf ecosystems around the world，studied the surfing activity of several hotspots in Todos Santos Bay in Ensenada using “surfonomics，” a methodology adopted by STW to measure the economic influence of surfing.(尽管生物学家和冲浪者明白他们迫切需要一个保护计划，但最大的问题是如何设计一个足够吸引当地政客的项目。因此，从2014年到2015年，致力于保护全球冲浪生态系统的国际非营利组织“拯救海浪联盟”的保护项目经理Trent E.Hodges使用“冲浪经济学”(STW采用的一种衡量冲浪经济影响的方法)研究了恩森纳达Todos Santos湾几个热点地区的冲浪活动)”可知，让当地政治家参与保护的原因是让他们知道，冲浪圣地带来的经济利益。故选C。 3．What's the main idea of Paragraph 4? A．The data collected by Hodges. B．The implications of Hodges' study. C．The current situation of surf tourism. D．The process of wave protection movement. B　主旨大意题。根据第四段“His study revealed that tourists had an average budget per day of US $111 and stayed an average of 10 days.Combined，the expenditures of tourists and local surfers ranged from $746，000 to $969，000 annually.With the surfonomics data on board，the wave protection movement entered a new stage.In 2021，Arroyo San Miguel State Park was established and it was the first state park in Baja California.(他的研究显示，游客每天的平均预算为111美元，平均停留10天。游客和当地冲浪者每年的总支出在74.6万美元到96.9万美元之间。随着冲浪学数据的公布，波浪防护运动进入了一个新的阶段。2021年，阿罗约圣米格尔州立公园成立，这是下加利福尼亚州的第一个州立公园)”可知第四段主要介绍了Hodges的研究结果，以及在该研究的影响下，护浪行动取得了进一步的进展。故选B。 4．What does the author think of the establishment of the State Park? A．It's a short-term fix. B．It's the result of joint efforts. C．It's only a temporary success. D．It's a once-and-for-all victory. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段“This unique state park in Mexico seems to be ringing with the sounds of community and cooperation，nature and conservation，and the waves that will，hopefully，keep breaking far into the future.Together，these seem like a victory song.(墨西哥这个独特的州立公园似乎回荡着社区与合作、自然与保护的声音，以及有望在未来继续突破。合在一起，这些就像是一首胜利之歌)”可知，作者认为州立公园的建立是共同努力的结果。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $