第一部分 专题一 名词-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

专题一　名词 1．(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘________ (guide)’ till they lose，” explains Wang Wei，a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. guidance　考查名词。句意：“你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的‘引导’直到他们输掉”，王伟解释说，他是一名围棋手，也是此次展览的观众之一。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 2．(2025·全国Ⅱ卷)The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live，thanks to the ________ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky ________ (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. absence；afternoons　第一空，考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有充足的蓝天和新鲜空气。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。第二空，考查名词的数。句意同上。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 3．(2025·1月浙江首考)Tanya's shop offers fashion clothes for women to rent rather than purchase them outright providing a less expensive ________ (solve) to one-time event dressing. solution　考查名词。句意：坦尼娅的店提供女性时尚服装供租赁，而不是让她们直接购买，为一次性活动着装提供了一个更便宜的解决方案。提示词作宾语，用名词solution，意为“解决方案”，有冠词a修饰，用单数形式。故填solution。 4．(2025·1月浙江首考)I really want to make this work for ________ (people) lives today. people's　考查名词所有格。句意：我真的想让这个(服装租赁服务)适合如今人们的生活。提示词修饰名词lives，需用名词所有格people's，作定语。故填people's。 5．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest ________(engineer)techniques are applied to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. engineering　考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 6．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western ________(favourite)such as rosemary，lavender and fennel. favorites　考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary，lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。 7．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)．..brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the________(rich)of gardening in England. richness　考查名词。句意：……这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 8．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017，right before the ________(arrive)of the two new pandas，Mengmeng and Jiaoqing，I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English. arrival　考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 9．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ________(interview)in English with international journalists. interviews　考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 10．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings，Beijing is also a place that welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural ________(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. wonders　考查名词。句意：但是，除了古建筑，北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方，21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填wonders。 11．(2023·全国甲卷)The themes of taditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However，Carson's theme is a more weighty ________(warn)about environmental destruction. warning　考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。 12．(2022·全国甲卷) Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental ________(protect). protection　句意：曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 13．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a ________ (responsible) to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. responsibility　句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。 14．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ________(population)and homes of giant pandas.　 populations　设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数形式。句意：大熊猫保护区(GPNP)的主要目标是改善大熊猫独立种群和家园之间的联系，并最终达到野外种群的理想水平。故填populations。 15．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my ________(son)life，” said Mrs.Brown. son's　句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该用名词所有格。故填son's。 16．(2021·全国甲卷)Many students say they will talk to their ________(friend)or classmates because they are of the same age and can understand each other. friends　or连接两个并列复数名词，两个名词的数应保持一致，故应用复数形式friends。 17．(2021·全国乙卷)I always assist my parents in doing the ________(dish)after meals. dishes　do the dishes为固定搭配，意为“洗碗”。 18．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷) The rolling sea of clouds(翻滚的云海)you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ________ (human) are. humans　根据后面的谓语动词are，此处应填human 的复数形式。 19．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with ________(chopstick). chopsticks　句意：下一步我把鸡蛋打到一个碗里，然后用筷子快速搅拌。chopstick是可数名词，意为“筷子”，通常以复数形式出现。 20．(2020·全国Ⅱ卷)Chinese New Year is a ________(celebrate)marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. celebration　考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天结束和春天开始的节日。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。 名词是用来表示人名、事物名称、时间、地点和抽象概念等的词。 考点一　名词的单复数 1．规则变化 (1)一般情况在词尾加-s，清辅音后读/s/，浊辅音和元音后读/z/。如：book—books，desk—desks，bag—bags，game—games，key—keys。 (2)以s，x，sh，ch等结尾的词加-es，读/iz/。如：bus—buses，box—boxes，fish—fishes，watch—watches，class—classes，fox—foxes，brush—brushes，watch—watches。 例外：stomach的复数为stomachs。 (3)以辅音字母加y结尾的词，变y为i，再加-es。读/z/。如：family—families，baby—babies，party—parties，strawberry—strawberries。 (4)以f或fe结尾的词 ①变f或fe为ves。读/vz/。该类词有：knife刀，life生命，wife妻子，self自己，leaf叶子，thief贼，half一半，wolf狼，shelf架子等等。 妻子持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 ②直接加-s的有：roof房顶，belief信念，chief首领，gulf海湾，proof证据，serf农仆 海湾边、屋顶上，首领农仆相望；谁说他们无信仰，证据全在手帕上 ③两种都可以的有：handkerchief手绢——handkerchiefs/handkerchieves (5)以o结尾的词 ①以“辅音字母＋o”结尾的词，有生命的加-es，“两人两菜——火山”Negro(黑人)，hero(英雄)，potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)，volcano(火山)；无生命的加-s，如：photo—photos，kilo—kilos，piano—pianos。 ②以“元音字母＋o”结尾的词，加-s，如：radio—radios，zoo—zoos。 2．不规则变化 规则①　单复数同形 deer鹿 fish鱼 sheep羊 cattle牛；牛群 means方式方法 aircraft飞机；航空器 series系列 species物种 police警察 Chinese中国人 Japanese日本人 *German→Germans德国人 规则②　改变单词内部的元音 foot→feet脚；英尺 tooth→teeth牙齿 man→men男人 mouse→mice老鼠 goose→geese鹅 woman→women女人 规则③　特殊变形 ox→oxen公牛 child→children儿童 3．复合名词的复数形式 变化①　主体名词改为复数，没有主体名词的在词尾加-s passer-by→passers-by过路人 looker-on→lookers-on旁观者 step-father→step-fathers继父 grown-up→grown-ups成年人 变化②　含有man，woman时，将其中的man，woman变为复数 newspaperman→newspapermen记者 chairman→chairmen主席 在有man和woman修饰时，连同man或woman一起变复数 man cook→men cooks男厨师 woman doctor→women doctors女医生 4．只有复数形式的名词 类别①　由两个相同的部分构成的一个物件的名词 earphones耳机 trousers裤子 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 类别②　以-ing结尾的名词 belongings所属物 savings节省下来的东西 surroundings周围环境 findings研究发现 earnings挣来的钱 remainings剩余物 考点二　不可数名词 类别①　常考的不可数名词 news新闻 word消息 fun乐趣 information信息 weather天气 advice建议 progress进步 equipment设备 furniture家具 luggage/baggage行李 类别②　物质名词的复数现象 arm胳膊→arms武器 good好的→goods货物 paper纸张→papers论文，试卷 wood木头→woods树林 time时间→times时代 wish希望→wishes祝福 spirit精神→spirits情绪；烈酒 lesson功课→lessons经验教训 youth青春→youths年轻人 ground地面→grounds理由 cloth布→clothes衣服 sight视力→sights目标，景观 类别③　集体名词的数 只有单数形式却表示复数意义的集体名词；people人们　police警察　cattle牛；牛群 有单复数变形的集体名词(根据语境判断单复数)； family家庭，家人 class班级，班级同学 team队，队员 public公共场合，公众 Mary's family is a big family. 玛丽的家庭是个大家庭。 Mary's family are all kind and patient. 玛丽的家人既亲切又有耐心。 考点三　名词的所有格 (1)有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加's。如果是s结尾的词，则只加'即可。如： Engels' works恩格斯的著作 the president's attending the meeting总统参加会议 (2)无生命的名词，借用of表示所属关系。如： the cover of the book书的封面 the window of the room房间的窗户 (3)一样东西为两个人共有，只在后一个名词后加's；不是共有的则两个名词后都要加's。如： Tom and Mike's room汤姆和麦克的房间(公有) Tom's and Mike's books 汤姆的书和麦克的书(不共有) (4)名词的双重所有格——of＋名词性物主代词或名词加's。如： a friend of mine我的一个朋友 a friend of my father's我父亲的一个朋友 (5)表示店铺或某人的家时，则将名词所有格后省去表“店铺”或“家”的词。如： the chemist's(shop)药店 my sister's(house)我姐家 1．David Crystal，one of the world's leading language________(expert)，argues that the usage of full stops is being revised in a really fundamental way. experts　句意：世界顶尖的语言专家之一David Crystal认为，句号的用法正在以一种真正根本的方式被修改。expert意为“专家”，是可数名词，one of后面需加名词复数形式。故填experts。 2．The real poet is a master of words who can convey his meaning in words which by position and________(associate)can move men to tears. association　句意：真正的诗人是语言大师，他能把自己的意思用语言表达出来，通过位置和关联，能使人感动得流泪。介词by后应用名词，故填association。 3．Historical ________(accurate)is important but so is entertainment. accuracy　句意：历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。 4．His fans were so hearbroken that they held various________(activity)to honor him. activities　句意：他的粉丝很伤心，他们举行了各种活动来纪念他activity作“(为达到一定目的而进行的)活动”讲时是可数名词，根据various判断此处用得数形式，故填activities。 5．It's a big difference from the grammar and structure in classroom________(textbook). textbooks　句意：这与教科书里的语法和结构是有很大不同的。分析句子结构可知，此空作介词in的宾语，意为“教科书”，textbook为可数名词，根据句意，应该用复数。故填textbooks。 6．Try to understand what's actually happening instead of acting on the ________(assume)you've made. assumption　句意：努力弄明白实际正在发生的事情，而不是按照你做出的假设去行动。assume 的名词为assumption。 7．Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ________(cause). causes　考查名词复数。cause表示“原因，起因”时是可数名词，前面有all，故填cause的复数形式。 8．This switch has decreased ________(pollute)in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. pollution　考查词性转换之动词变为名词。decrease“降低，减少”，后接名词作宾语，pollute的名词形式是pollution。 9．Counters will be fully automated to capture face________(photo)and relay them over each part of the journey through the airport，including security and the departure gate. photos　句意：柜台将完全自动化，以捕捉面部照片，并在整个机场的每一段旅程中传递照片，包括安全措施和登机口。由句意可知，此处指“不止一张照片”，用名词复数形式。故填photos。 10．Today，many historic________(build)and monuments still stand，marking the passage of the Silk Road through hotels，ports and cities. buildings　句意：今天，许多历史上著名的建筑和纪念碑仍然矗立着，标志着丝绸之路穿过酒店、港口和城市的通道。根据monuments可知空格处需用名词，根据many可知此处需用名词复数形式，故填buildings。 11．Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ________(weigh)problems. weight　考查词形转换。此处应用名词作定语修饰problems，weight problems意为“体重问题”。 12．It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible ________(crowd)on the roads above as they travelled to and from work. crowds　此处指人群，是可数名词的泛指，故用复数。 13．This development was only possible with the ________(introduce)of electric-powered engines and lifts. introduction　该空作介词with的宾语，位于定冠词之后，应填名词。the introduction指电动机车和电梯的使用。 14．This trend，which was started by the medical community(医学界)as a method of fighting heart disease，has had some unintended side ________(effect)such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. effects　该空前面有some修饰，后面列举中提到超重、心脏病等，可以判断此处应该使用名词的复数。 15．Last October，while tending her garden in Mora，Sweden，Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small ________(carrot)and was about to throw them away. carrots　a handful of一把，一些；carrot胡萝卜，是可数名词，此处应该用复数。 一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In and around China's southwestern Sichuan Province，one can often find folk artists producing sugar paintings with liquid sugar along the streets and in the parks. According to some academic studies，sugar painting 1.________(date)back to the Ming Dynasty when sugar animals and figures were made in moulds(模具)2.________ part of a sacrifice in religion ceremonies.In the Qing Dynasty，the production techniques were upgraded and the patterns became more various，most of 3.________ stood for good luck such as the fish，dragon and monkey.Later，the folk artists developed this art by 4.________(add)techniques of the Chinese shadow puppet and Chinese paper cutting，with the moulds 5.________(replace)with a small bronze spoon.As time passed by，the contemporary form of sugar painting has gradually developed. Although the number of sugar painters has 6.________(remarkable)decreased，due to its unique charm，7.________ certain number of artists are making efforts 8.________(preserve)it.They offer classes，hold relevant 9.________(activity)such as sugar painting contests and apply to be added to the list of National Intangible Cultural Heritage. Nowadays，this art is getting support again from the general public and it has already been listed as Provincial Intangible Culture Heritage by the Sichuan Provincial Government.Moreover，the sugar painting artists have gained increasing 10.________(recognize). 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国西南地区的糖画艺术。 1．dates　考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一些学术研究，糖画可以追溯到明朝，当时在宗教仪式中，作为祭品的一部分，糖画动物和人物用模具制作。分析句子可知，date back to(追溯到)是句中谓语，与主语sugar painting(糖画)之间是主动关系，描述客观事实，应使用一般现在时态，又因主语是一种艺术形式，不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时的主动语态，单数形式。故填dates。 2．as　考查介词。句意同上。根据句意，表示“作为”，用介词as。故填as。 3．which　考查定语从句。句意：到了清代，制作技术得到了提升，图案也变得更加多样，其中大多数代表着好运，如鱼、龙、猴等。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词patterns，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作most of的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 4．adding　考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，民间艺术家通过加入中国皮影戏和中国剪纸的技术发展了这门艺术，用一个小铜勺代替了模具。作介词by的宾语，用动名词形式。故填adding。 5．replaced　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处是with的复合结构，replace与其逻辑主语the moulds之间是被动关系，用过去分词作宾补，表被动。故填replaced。 6．remarkably　考查副词。句意：尽管糖画师的数量显著减少，但由于其独特的魅力，一定数量的艺术家正在努力通过举办课程、举办糖画比赛等相关活动并申请加入国家非物质文化遗产名录来保护糖画。修饰动词decreased，用副词remarkably作状语，意为“显著地”。故填remarkably。 7．a　考查冠词。句意同上。根据系动词are可知，此处是指一定数量的艺术家，a number of意为“大量的”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用冠词a。 8．to preserve　考查非谓语动词。句意同上。make efforts to do...是固定短语，意为“努力做……”，用不定式作目的状语。故填to preserve。 9．activities　考查名词。句意：他们开设课程，举办糖画比赛等相关活动，并申请列入国家非物质文化遗产名录。根据“such as sugar painting contests...”可知，此处是指很多活动，activity意为“活动”，为可数名词，所以应用复数形式。故填activities。 10．recognition　考查名词。句意：此外，糖画艺术家获得了越来越多的认可。此处应用名词recognition作宾语，意为“认可”，不可数名词。故填recognition。 二、(2023·广东惠州·模拟预测)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The local government of Zibo issued two open letters to all citizens.The government extended its gratitude for the citizens' 1.________(warm)and hospitality toward visitors coming to enjoy the city's signature barbecue，2.________ has recently become a hit across the country. Since early March，Zibo local barbecue 3.________(cause)a sensation online.But how did Zibo rise to fame？From July 2022 to February 2023，Zibo organized many trips to the city for university students.Despite reaching peak visitation numbers，there was no sense of panic.Instead，several supportive 4.________(policy)were promptly introduced，such as establishing a “Golden Stove Award”，forming a barbecue association，creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants，5.________ launching 21 dedicated tourist routes that go beyond just barbecue. Zibo's sudden boom in popularity also resulted 6.________ the post-pandemic tourism revival China has experienced.The city aims to restore 7.________(it)tourism industry and ensure sustainable growth.8.________(achieve) this goal，it has created 9.________ welcoming environment with convenient services for young people，particularly university students.The city has also invited students from distinguished universities to visit Zibo for free，10.________(signal)its eagerness to attract talented young individuals. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了淄博烧烤。 1．warmth　考查名词。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。名词所有格citizens'后接名词warmth作宾语，为不可数名词。故填warmth。 2．which　考查定语从句。句意：政府对市民对游客的热情好客表示感谢，他们来这里享受城市标志性的烧烤，这一烧烤最近在全国范围内受到欢迎。句中先行词为the city's signature barbecue，指物，关系词在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填which。 3．has caused　考查时态。句意：自3月初以来，淄博本地烧烤在网上引起了轰动。根据时间状语Since early March可知，用现在完成时。主语Zibo local barbecue为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has caused。 4．policies　考查名词的数。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立“金炉奖”、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。根据形容词several和谓语动词were可知，用名词的复数形式作主语。故填policies。 5．and　考查连词。句意：相反，政府迅速出台了一系列扶持政策，比如设立“金炉奖”、成立烧烤协会、制作淄博烧烤店地图、推出21条不局限于烧烤的旅游专线。句中establishing a “Golden Stove Award”，forming a barbecue association，creating a map of Zibo barbecue restaurants和 launching 21 dedicated tourist routes为并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。 6．from　考查介词。句意：淄博人气的突飞猛进也得益于疫情后中国旅游业的复苏。result from固定搭配，意为“起因于”。故填from。 7．its　考查代词。句意：该市的目标是恢复其旅游业，并确保可持续增长。名词tourism industry前用形容词性物主代词。故填its。 8．To achieve　考查非谓语动词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。用不定式，在句中作目的状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填To achieve。 9．a　考查冠词。句意：为了实现这一目标，它为年轻人，特别是大学生创造了一个温馨的环境和便利的服务。名词environment为可数名词，泛指，且welcoming以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a。故填a。 10．signaling/signalling　考查非谓语动词。句意：淄博还邀请著名大学的学生免费参观淄博，这表明该市渴望吸引有才华的年轻人。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。表示自然而然的结果，所以现在分词作结果状语。故填signaling/signalling。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $