写作指南 上篇 Step 1 第2讲 正确使用8种基本句型(Word教参)-【状元桥】2026高考英语一轮总复习（人教版 新教材）

第二讲　正确使用8种基本句型 写作中写对句子是最基本的要求，其中最重要的一点是句子结构要完整。所以，同学们在平时训练时一定要从掌握基本句式做起，通过观摩、背诵、仿写，最终写出准确无误的句子。在高考中即使你的作文不能写得漂漂亮亮、洋气十足，也一定要写得像模像样，硬伤不多！所以学习写作，要先从最基本的句子抓起。 基本句型(一)　简约却不简单的“主谓”结构 主谓结构中谓语常用来表示主语的动作或状态。这种句型中的谓语动词为不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。但不能直接跟宾语，也没有被动语态。常见的不及物动词有：arrive, come, lie, shine, live, walk, fall, rise, happen, exist, ride, occur, agree, write等。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vi.)(＋状语) ①Mom cried, happily. ②Bathed in the sunshine, we jumped and cheered with joy. ③We trained for two hours after school every day. ④At that very moment, the helicopter arrived. 翻译句子(“主语＋谓语”结构) 1．上周我在郊区的一个农场工作。 Last week I worked on a farm in the suburbs. 2．这几天我们训练得很辛苦。 We are training very hard these days. 3．这部英文短片将于下午2点在学校大厅开始放映。 The short English film will start in the school hall at 2：00 pm. 基本句型(二)　众人青睐的“主谓宾”结构 “主谓宾”句型之所以受到中国英语学习者的青睐，是因为它跟我们汉语的表达方式最接近，因而这个句型也是同学们在写作中运用最多的。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语(＋状语)。 ①I often read the novels in the paper. ②I can communicate with visitors without difficulty. ③Having set a great example to us students, she deserves our respect. 补全句子(“主谓宾”结构) 1．从生活到日常训练，我们队正在为比赛做准备。 Our team is preparing for the game from living to daily training. 2．此外，我还可以详细介绍中国画。 In addition, I can explain the Chinese paintings in detail . 3．此外，充足的睡眠和健康的饮食无疑会使我们获得胜利。 Besides, enough sleep and healthy diet will unquestionably lead to our victory . 4．我相信你会玩得很开心。 I have the confidence that you will have a good time. 5．(全国Ⅰ书面表达)通过做兼职工作，我能得到一些宝贵的经验。 By doing the part-time job, I can get some precious experience . 基本句型(三)　独一无二的“主系表”结构 汉语中没有表语这一说法，这样就显得英语的“主系表”结构比较有个性了，因此我们说此结构是独一无二的，主要用以说明主语的特征、类属、状态、身份等。它的基本结构是：主语＋系动词＋表语。 ①Delicious breakfast was ready. ②Every participating team is great. ③The traditional Chinese dress looks more beautiful and stylish. ④Now we feel released and very energetic in class. 补全句子/翻译句子(“主系表”结构) 1．看到我们的劳动成果被打包装上卡车，我们都感到很满意。 Seeing our fruits of labor were packed and loaded onto the truck, we all felt satisfied . 2．我的目标是让中国走向世界，让世界了解中国。 My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world learn about China. 3．最重要的是，你应该注意餐桌礼仪。 Most importantly, it's vital that you should mind your table manners . 4．收到你的来信得知你要来北京，我很高兴。 I'm happy to receive your letter and know you're coming to Beijing. 5．唐诗是我们下一节课将要学习的内容。 Tang Poetry is what we are going to learn the next class. 基本句型(四)　一拖二的“主谓宾宾”结构 “主谓宾宾”这类句型在写作中常常用到。与单个的及物动词跟一个宾语结构相比，双宾语结构的独特之处在于一个动词与两个名词短语相互作用。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)。 ①However busy he is, he writes me an e-mail, every week. ＝However busy he is, he writes an e-mail to me every week. ②Mr.Smith gave me some advice and lent me an English dictionary. ＝Mr.Smith gave some advice to me and lent an English dictionary to me. ③This competition offered us a chance to learn about Chinese culture. ＝This competition offered a chance to learn about Chinese culture to us. ④I have to pay them 20 pounds,· for this room each month. ＝I have to pay 20 pounds to them for this room each month. 补全句子(“主谓宾宾”结构) 1．我们都非常想念你，祝你早日完全康复。 We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery . 2．开幕式将于上午9点开始，我们的校长将首先给我们发表讲话。 The opening ceremony will start at 9：00 am and our headmaster will give us a speech first . 3．希望我能提供给你一些有用的建议。 Hopefully, I can offer you some helpful suggestions . 4．那确实给了我们一种极大的成就感。 That surely gave us a great sense of achievement . 基本句型(五)　缺一不可的“主谓宾宾补”结构 “主谓宾宾补”句式结构中的谓语虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来说明宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语是用来补充说明宾语的情况的，直接跟在宾语之后。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。宾语补足语可以由名词、非谓语动词、形容词、副词或介词短语等充当。写作时应熟练掌握“名词作宾语补足语”这种高级表达形式。它的基本结构是：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语＋宾语补足语。 1．常用名词充当宾补的动词有：call, name, elect, make, appoint, leave, consider, keep, wish等。 ①Her parents died and left her an orphan. ②We all call him a living dictionary. 2．常用形容词充当宾补的动词有：think, believe, get, keep, make, find, set, wish, consider, prove, leave, paint, drive等。 ③He didn't consider himself (to be) important. ④You had better keep the door open，because it is too hot in the room. 3．常用现在分词和省略to的动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词有：see, notice, hear, watch, observe, leave等。 ⑤He left me waiting in the rain. ⑥Did you see him go out？ 4．常用to do作宾补的及物动词有：advise, ask, command, encourage, forbid, permit, persuade, get等。 ⑦Our maths teacher always encourages us to work out the questions by ourselves instead of being told the answers . ⑧They had asked him to bring some pepperoni(辣香肠) from back east. 5．常用副词、介词短语等作宾补的及物动词有：leave, put等。 ⑨You can't leave your friend in trouble. 6．有些动词后常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，这是英语中常用的句型，即“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾补＋真正的宾语”。常见的动词有：think, find, consider, feel, make等。 ⑩The student has made it a rule to read English magazines every day. 补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓宾宾补”结构) 1．我想让你给予我们指导和鼓励。 I would like you to give us your guidance and encouragement. 2．父母认为这对于建立孩子的信心是很有用的。 Parents think it very useful to build their children's confidence. 3．作为一名高中生，我认为英语是一门非常重要的科目。 As a high school student, I consider English a very important subject . 基本句型(六)　平凡却不平庸的“主谓状”结构 此结构为“主语＋谓语＋状语(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、复合结构)”，其中谓语为不及物动词或不及物动词短语。 ①I worked [in a baking factory]． ②The pen writes [smoothly]． ③We talked [as we walked]． 补全句子/翻译句子(“主谓状”结构) 1．他盼望已久的机会终于来了。 The chance he wanted to get for a long time came at last . 2．随着问题的解决，一项新的计划很快就要被实施。 With the problem solved, a new plan will be carried out soon . 3．校长笑着进来了。 The headmaster came in with a big smile. 基本句型(七)　丰富多彩的“主谓宾状”结构 此结构为“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语(副词、介词短语、不定式、分词、形容词、复合结构)”，其中谓语为及物动词或及物动词短语。 ①We can see many flowers [through the window]． ②[Walking through the park], we can see lots of lovely animals. ③He went into the empty temple, [full of fear]． 翻译句子(“主谓宾状”结构) 1．我暑假在伦敦学习英语。 I am studying English in London during the summer holiday. 2．爸爸下班回来时我在做功课。 I was doing my homework when my father came back from work. 3．我们学校的乒乓球队现在正在招收新队员。 The Table Tennis Team of our school is looking for new players right now. 基本句型(八)　与众不同的There be句型 there be句型有很多变式，恰当地运用there be(be可用各种时态)句型及其变式对提升写作大有帮助。 ①As far as we know, there is a huge cultural difference between China and the western countries. ②There happened to be a lot of people by the road.They helped us pull the car out of the big hole. ③There is a famous saying that “Good habits lead to good endings”，which shows the importance of habits. 翻译句子(“there be”结构) 1．尽管他是我今日生活中消退记忆中的一个，但有些时候我会非常清晰地记得他的脸庞，尤其是他的眼睛。 Though it is one of the faded memories of my life today, there are times when I remember his face clearly , especially his eyes. 2．正如谚语所说，有志者事竟成。 As an old saying goes, where there is a will, there is a way . 3．网上有许多与英语相关的免费资源。 There are a number of/a great many free resources concerning/related to English on the Internet. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$