第二部分 题型二 阅读理解七选五-【成功方案】2025年高考英语艺术生文化课总复习教师用书(Word)

该高中英语高考复习教案聚焦阅读理解七选五题型，围绕语篇整体结构与上下文逻辑理解的核心考点，以“七招五式”为框架整合语篇模式、衔接连贯等解题策略，通过考点梳理、方法指导、近三年真题精讲等环节，帮助学生构建系统解题思路，突破逻辑分析难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 资料创新采用“内练逻辑文气，外练语篇建构”教学策略，结合思维品质培养与语言能力提升，如通过“问题解决模式”分析训练学生语篇解构能力，设置逻辑关系识别分层练习并即时反馈。能高效提升学生逻辑推断与语篇衔接能力，为教师精准把控复习节奏提供实用指导。

题型二　阅读理解七选五 高考阅读理解中增加了信息匹配的七选五题型，这类题型主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。其命题符合《英语课程标准》中“提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析问题和解决问题的能力”的要求。下面给大家介绍七招五式破解高考英语阅读理解七选五。 “七招五式”，练的是语篇分析的内功，修的是学习策略的心法，愿同学们“内练一口气(逻辑和文气)，外练筋骨皮(语篇和建构)”，出奇制胜，高考必胜！ 一、破解七选五有奇(七)招 1．立足语篇篇章模式，结构要清晰 掌握篇章模式有助于学生把握语篇之骨架和精要。“七选五”要求学生具备解构语篇的能力，运用语篇分析手段，从语境、信息、结构等层面分析文本，理清文本内在的错综复杂的关系。该题型常考的语篇模式主要有两种，概括具体模式(General—Specific Pattern)和问题解决模式(Problem—Solution Pattern)。 I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do，but I have made specific choice that allows me to make the most of every day and still feel happy and relaxed.Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. ·Pick the most important. ·Combine your activities. · 34 ·Lighten up. B．Be an active learner. F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. 【思路点拨】　本文以“These tips will help you make the most of your time.”为中心，积极探讨不同的方法和策略，是一个典型的“问题解决模式”。把握了篇章类型与模式，我们就能较快锁定文章主旨，厘清文章脉络，根据观点和结构一致的原则，可预测判断34题的内容，选B。 2．运用衔接连贯理论，逻辑要严谨 Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property(房产)neat，clean，and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape，you will help to improve the look and feel of the area. A．In general，keep an eye on their property while they are gone. B．A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways. C．Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior. D．Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping. E．Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car，pick it up. F．People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting. G．Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly. 【思路点拨】　考查对上下文的理解和推理判断能力。本段介绍和邻居关系融洽最重要的是保持干净整洁的户内户外环境，F项中“People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.(人们往往会自豪于保持街上的一切新鲜和诱人。)”与本段意思一致。故选F。 3．掌握主位推进理念，文脉要畅通 ___33__They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit New York on February 7，1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.__34__The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵)by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles，a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.__35__. A．They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B．Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time. C．Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D．However，their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E．Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F．They appeared in the films A Hard Day's Night (1964)and Help！(1965). G．They performed their first concert in America at CBS television's 53rd street studio. 【思路点拨】　本段设了三空，这种情况较少见，但如果我们运用主位推进模式观察分析信息交互传递，注意如何“前言搭后语”这三空的信息还原就迎刃而解。因此，分别选A 、G、 E。 4．熟悉空格功能位置，语境要合理 出现位置 句子功能 解题方法 段首 在标题类文章中，该空一般为段落主旨句。在非标题类文章中，该空可能是主旨句或承上启下的过渡句 通读空格后整段的内容，查找同义词或其他相关的词，确定本段主旨，推断出主题句，选择正确的答案 段尾 总结概括，或承上启下 在选项中查找表示总结的信息词或发现上文的同义词句 段中 一般有过渡功能，起到承上启下的作用。也有可能是细节注释 浏览空前及空后的句子来确定句间逻辑关系。也可从主题词语的同词或同义复现进行判断 5．寻找句际逻辑关系，信息要匹配 句子和句子之间的逻辑关系常见的有指代关系、转折关系、因果关系、解释关系、并列关系、递进关系等，而且这些关系一般有明显的关联词。在解题过程中，我们要善于发现文段中存在的逻辑关系，明晰表示句际逻辑关系的关联词，帮助自己定位和匹配选项。 表示指代关系的代词如it，they，he，she，one，some 等； 表示转折关系的关联词如however，but，although，though，while，instead，nevertheless，still，yet，in spite of，on the contrary，in contrast，by contrast，in comparison，by comparison，otherwise等； 表示因果关系的关联词如so，therefore，hence，consequently，then，thus，for that reason，as a result等； 表示解释关系的关联词如in other words，in fact，as a matter of fact，for example，for instance，actually，that is to say 等； 表示并列或递进关系的关联词如also，besides，in addition to，apart from，what is more，in addition，and，besides，also，furthermore，too 等。 表示比较关系的关联词如similarly，like，likewise(同样地)，in the same way/manner，equally 等。 6．解读选项句式特征，衔接要无缝 解读各选项的句式特征，明确各选项的含义，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，抓住其关键词，对照关键内容与上下文语义关系做出选择。将选项填入文中，填入时要特别注意各选项中出现的句子的衔接方式及句中的衔接标志词。同时，我们还应注意对相近选项的对比和分析。 7．理解路标词汇内涵，方向要明确 在阅读理解中一些表示作者思路的过渡词很重要，它们在阅读行进过程中起“路标”(signpost)的指示作用，表明作者态度，填补逻辑鸿沟。特别注意but 后的内容才是作者真正的观点，常见的还有以下几个连接标志：to be honest，to tell the truth，in fact，as a matter of fact，actually等。 二、掌握备考策略“五式” 1．训练科学的解题步骤。 2．养成良好的解题习惯。 3．思维图示的训练方法。 4．学会逆向的出题意识。 5．提升综合的阅读素养。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Cheating is when a person misleads，deceives or acts dishonestly on purpose.__1__ If a basketball team is for kids under 8，it's cheating for a 9-year-old play on the team. At school，in addition to cheating on a test，a kid might cheat by stealing someone else's idea for a science project.__2__ This kind of cheating is called plagiarizing(抄袭). __3__ Jeff is doing it by sneaking answers to a test.And it's also cheating to break the rules of a game or contest or to pretend something is yours when it isn't.When people cheat，it's not fair to other people. It's tempting(诱惑人的)to cheat because it makes difficult things seem easy，like getting all the right answers on the test.__4__ And it won't help on the next test—unless the person cheats again.　 __5__ They want to get good grades but hate hard work.Other kids might feel like they can't pass the test without cheating.Even though there seems to be a “good reason” for cheating，cheating isn't a good idea. A.Some kids cheat because they're lazy. B．Cheating can happen in a lot of different ways. C．But it doesn't solve the problem of not knowing the material. D．Some kids cheat once and feel so bad that they never do it again. E．For kids，cheating may happen at school，at home，or while playing a sport. F．There are plenty of reasons why a kid shouldn't cheat，but some kids have already cheated. G．Kids may also cheat by copying a book report off the Internet and handing it in as it's his or her original work. 【语篇解读】　第一步，通读全文，把握要义。这篇文章整体分为五个段落层次，每个段落均由几个语段构成相对独立的语义单位，各段都围绕首句“Cheating”这样一个中心话题，形成了文章的线性结构。 第二步，分段阅读，找准关键。这篇文章中第一段讲述的是运动场上的作弊行为，关键词：play，team；第二段讲述的是学校中的作弊行为——抄袭，关键词：plagiarizing；第三段列举各种作弊行为，关键词：It's also cheating to do sth；第四段讲述的是作弊的弊端，关键词：won't help，next；第五段讲述的是产生作弊行为的原因，关键词：good grades，hard work。 第三步，解读选项，心中有数。题目中选项A表明学生作弊的原因——懒，关键词：lazy；选项B阐明学生作弊以多种形式出现，关键词：in different ways；选项C表示抄袭不能解决学习问题，关键词：doesn't solve；选项D表明有些孩子作弊一次后永不作弊，关键词：never；选项E表明作弊可能发生在运动场上，关键词：play；选项F讲述为什么不应该作弊，关键词：reasons；选项G讲述学生的抄袭行为，关键词：copy。 第四步，相信自己，大胆选择。理清句际间意义的关系，排除干扰选项，根据关键词做出判断。 第五步，火眼金睛，排除干扰。研究多余选项，排除迷惑选项，确定你的选择。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 一、(2025·全国Ⅰ卷) An Unsung Hero Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that，and more.__1__ Catherine Murphy，a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat，makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.__2__ As the customer grabs the drink from her hand，she smiles and says，“Hello，how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer，she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations. Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.__3__ “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve. One thing Murphy may not know is that her smile is contagious (有感染力) and can be the difference in a student having a much better day than they were having before seeing her.Joanna Wright，a senior political science major，loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week. __4__ “Catherine always has a huge smile on her face，which always puts me in a cheerful mood，” Wright said. “I enjoy working in the cafe，” Murphy said.__5__ She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves. A．The cafe closes at 9 pm every day. B．She has two children aged eight and four. C Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early. D．After finishing an order，she calls out the name on the cup. E．Not only does this cafe serve up drinks，it also serves up smiles. F．Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class. G．She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学咖啡馆工作人员凯瑟琳·墨菲用真诚的服务和热情的微笑为学生带来温暖的故事，展现了这位平凡英雄的动人之处。 1．E　根据上文“Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the morning? The College Cafe has just that，and more.(课间需要休息或早上快速提神？大学咖啡馆提供这些，还有更多。)”可知，开篇引出咖啡馆的功能，空格处需揭示“更多”的内涵。E选项“Not only does this cafe serve up drinks，it also serves up smiles.(这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品，还提供微笑。)”通过“Not only...also...”结构，既承接“drinks”，又引出下文核心——墨菲的微笑服务，符合语境。故选E项。 2．D　根据上文“She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.(她在机器之间来回制作饮品。)”及下文“As the customer grabs the drink from her hand，she smiles and says，‘Hello，how is your day？’ Even when the line is getting longer，she doesn't let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.(当顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着说：‘你好，今天过得怎么样？’即使队伍越来越长，她也不会让这影响到她真诚的交流。)”可推知，设空处需补充制作饮品后的环节。D选项“After finishing an order，she calls out the name on the cup.(完成订单后，她会喊出杯子上的名字。)”中的“finishing an order”衔接“make the drinks”，“calls out the name”引出顾客接饮品的场景，形成“制作—叫号—交付”的完整流程。故选D项。 3．C　根据上文“Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.(墨菲每天四点四十五起床，开车三十分钟准时上班。)”及下文“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.(我这样做是因为我喜欢为学生煮咖啡。)”可推知，设空处需进一步体现她对工作的投入。C选项“Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.(有时她会提前到达，提前为学生服务。)”中的“arrives early”补充了“准时上班”之外的主动性，“serve the students early”呼应“like to make coffee for the students”，展现其敬业精神。故选C项。 4．F　根据上文“Joanna Wright，a senior political science major，loves coffee and goes to the cafe at least six days a week.(乔安娜·赖特是政治学专业的大四学生，她热爱咖啡，每周至少去这家咖啡馆六天。)”及下文“‘Catherine always has a huge smile on her face，which always puts me in a cheerful mood，’ Wright said.(赖特说‘凯瑟琳总是笑容满面，这总能让我心情愉快。’)”可推知，设空处需说明她频繁去咖啡馆的原因。F选项“Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.(去咖啡馆让她一天有个好的开始，并为上课做好准备。)”中的“starts her day off good”解释了“每周去六天”的动机，且“cheerful mood”与墨菲的微笑服务形成因果关系。故选F项。 5．G　根据下文“She has every intention of staying and continuing doing what she loves.(她完全打算留下来，继续做自己喜欢的事。)”可推知，设空处需体现她对工作的长期投入。G选项“She has served here for 17 years and can't imagine working anywhere else.(她已经在这里服务了17年，无法想象在其他地方工作。)”中的“17 years”凸显服务年限之长，“can't imagine working anywhere else”强化对咖啡馆的情感联结，与“staying”形成直接呼应。故选G项。 二、(2025·全国Ⅱ卷) Unexpected Benefits of Volunteering as a Family Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? __1__ You may know the “feel-good” emotions that come with helping others，but there are even more unexpected ways volunteering will positively affect the whole family. ·You'll feel like you have more time. People often feel they are too busy to volunteer.Yet，research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.__2__ ·You can live longer if you volunteer regularly. __3__ Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.Volunteers are also more likely to look after their own health and are more focused on adding physical activity into their lives. ·__4__ Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect a teen's well-being in the years to come. ·You'll have more time with family. Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.__5__ Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.And，there are tasks for every age and ability, so all your children can feel proud of their work. A．Helping the community lowers rates of depression. B．Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need. C．Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers. D．Volunteering can be the first step in breaking down prejudice. E．For adults，volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits. F．You may even learn that your kid has a talent you didn't know about before. G．Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍家庭共同参与志愿活动带来的意外好处，包括感觉时间更充裕、促进身体健康、对青少年产生长远积极影响以及增进家庭互动等。 1．B　根据上文“Are you looking for a way to bring your family together? Hoping to find a hobby that can be shared by both the little ones and adults? (你在寻找让家人团聚的方法吗？希望找到一个大人和小孩都能参与的爱好吗？)”可知，此处以提问方式引出家庭共同活动的需求，空格处需给出解决方案。B选项“Volunteering as a family may be just the thing you need.(全家一起做志愿者可能正是你需要的)”中的“Volunteering as a family”直接回应“bring your family together”和“shared hobby”，引出下文对家庭志愿活动好处的具体说明，符合语境。故选B项。 2．G　根据段落主题句“You'll feel like you have more time.(你会觉得自己有更多时间。)”及上文“Yet，research has found that giving your time to community causes actually makes you feel like you have more of it.(然而，研究发现，把时间投入到社区事业中实际上会让你觉得自己拥有更多时间。)”可推知，设空处需解释“感觉时间更多”的原因。G选项“Volunteering makes you feel capable and inspires you to make the most of each day.(志愿活动让你感觉有能力，并激励你充分利用每一天。)”中的“makes you feel capable”和“inspires you to make the most of each day”从心理层面解释了为何志愿活动会让人产生时间更充裕的感觉，与“feel like you have more time”形成因果关联。故选G项。 3．E　根据下文“Washington University found that adults 55 and older who volunteered had better memory and maintained overall health longer than others their age.(华盛顿大学研究发现，55岁及以上的成年人中，参与志愿服务的人群比同龄人拥有更优的记忆力，且能更长久地维持整体健康状态。)”可知，本段聚焦志愿活动对成年人身体健康的益处。E选项“For adults，volunteering can provide significant physical health benefits.(对成年人来说，志愿活动可以带来显著的身体健康益处。)”中的“For adults”对应“adults 55 and older”，“physical health benefits”概括了“better memory”和“maintained overall health”，与本段的主题吻合。故选E项。 4．C　根据下文“Volunteering during teenage years has been linked to some major positive effects such as improved grades and increased self-confidence.These effects aren't just short-term but have been proved to affect teen's well-being in the years to come.(青少年时期参与志愿服务已被证实与一些重要的积极影响相关，例如成绩提升和自信心增强。这些影响并非只是短期的，而是已被证明会在未来数年持续影响青少年的身心健康。)”可知，本段主题为志愿活动对青少年的长期影响。C选项“Volunteering has a lifelong effect on kids and teenagers.(志愿活动对儿童和青少年有终身影响)”中的“lifelong effect”对应“affect teen's well-being in the years to come”，“on kids and teenagers”覆盖段落讨论的年龄群体，符合段落主旨。故选C项。 5．F　根据上文“Families who volunteer together have the unique experience of working toward a common goal.(一起做志愿者的家庭有朝着共同目标努力的独特经历。)”及下文“Everyone brings something unique to the table and can connect with each other in a new way.(每个人都能带来独特的东西，并能以新的方式相互联系。)”可推知，设空处需补充家庭志愿活动中成员间的具体互动。F选项“You may even learn that your kid has talent you didn't know about before.(你甚至可能会发现你的孩子有你以前不知道的天赋。)”中的“learn that your kid has talent”体现“Everyone brings something unique”，且“in a new way”对应“发现孩子未知天赋”的新颖体验，衔接上下文。故选F项。 三、(2025·1月浙江首考) One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.__1__ There's no value in delivering any kind of communication，whether written，spoken，formal，or informal，if the message doesn't come across clearly.Being clear and brief—while maintaining interest and including everything your listeners need to know—is a high-level communication skill. Here are some tips worth following in order to communicate more effectively. Keep your audience in mind. Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests.__2__ This will engage their desire to understand and interact with the information. Don't use ten words when one will do. Even the most engaged and committed audience will eventually get bored.Keeping your message simple and clear will make it easier for people to understand.__3__ However，they're hearing it for the first time.Keep it simple. __4__ If you've ever worked as an instructor，manager，trainer or coach，you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.Allow them to lead discussions and meetings to develop their communication skills. Consider the best method to deliver your message. If the information you're communicating isn't urgent，consider sending an email.Written communication will give your audience more time to review it，think it over，and follow up with questions.__5__ Building effective communication skills takes time，but the effects are worth the effort. A．Be patient. B．Get the audience involved. C．The best messages are often simple. D．Speak directly to what matters to them. E.You may be surprised by what your listeners offer. F．It will also give them a handy record to refer back to. G.As the speaker，you already know what you're going to say. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些更有效地进行沟通的技巧。 1．C　上文“One of the most common mistakes in communication is trying to do too much.(沟通中最常见的错误之一就是试图做得太多)”指出“做得太多”是沟通中易犯的错误，C选项“The best messages are often simple.(最好的信息往往是简单的)”承接上文，明确正确沟通方法，即不要“做得太多”，要避免复杂，追求简单，句中“simple”与上文“too much”形成对比。故选C项。 2．D　上文“Your audience will naturally be more interested and engaged when you tailor your communications to their interests.(当你根据受众的兴趣来调整你的沟通内容时，他们自然会更感兴趣、更投入。)”强调要迎合受众兴趣，D选项“Speak directly to what matters to them.(直接谈论对他们重要的事情。)”进一步说明了具体做法，即直接针对受众关心的事情进行交流，与上文逻辑一致。故选D项。 3．G　下文“However，they're hearing it for the first time.(然而，他们是第一次听到这些。)”与设空句之间是转折关系。G选项“As the speaker，you already know what you're going to say.(作为演讲者，你已经知道你要说什么了。)”与下文构成转折，演讲者自己熟悉内容，但听众是初次接触，同时，句中“what you're going to say”与下文中指示代词“it”构成指代关系，上下文逻辑连贯。故选G项。 4．B　下文“If you've ever worked as an instructor，manager，trainer or coach，you'll know that there are few better ways to learn new information than to teach it.Ask the audience to contribute their ideas or to take a role in explaining new concepts and policies to others.(如果你曾经当过导师、经理、培训师或教练，你就会知道，没有比教别人更好的学习新信息的方法了。让听众贡献他们的想法，或者让他们扮演向他人解释新概念和政策的角色。)”建议让受众参与其中，B选项“Get the audience involved.(让受众参与进来。)”能概括这部分内容，适合作段首小标题。故选B项。 5．F　上文“If the information you're communicating isn't urgent，consider sending an email.Written communication will give your audience more time to review it，think it over，and follow up with questions.(如果你传达的信息不紧急，考虑发电子邮件。书面沟通会给你的受众更多时间来复习、思考，并跟进提问。)”说明了发邮件这种书面沟通的好处，F选项“It will also give them a handy record to refer back to.(它还会给他们提供一个方便查阅的记录。)”进一步补充了发邮件的另一个好处，与上文逻辑紧密。故选F项。 四、(2025·北京卷) What is adulthood? Societies all over the world view the concept of an adult as self-supporting and self-directed，because it identifies a point in the life cycle. As Alice Black points out，today's parents' fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and，thus，confident in themselves.Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book，The Life Cycle，mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery.__1__ But Turner's other cycles are just as important.__2__ If these life cycles are delayed，interrupted，or denied，you feel incapable of accessing your states of self，controlling unpleasant feelings，and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world. Turner wisely said that “doing well” psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions，manage them，communicate clearly and well with others，and master various skills.This requires an internal locus (核心) of control，which implies self-control of your thoughts，feelings，and actions.__3__ You're self-directed and not reliant on the world to tell you who you are.And you know who you are within all this. So，being an adult isn't just holding a job.Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions.__4__ We are a social species，so this is important. While raising an adult is a parent's job，it's also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development.__5__ A．It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles. B．They talk about someone's inability to support themselves through work. C．It's being able to show understanding when communicating with others. D．In other words，you're playing the game of life—life isn't playing you. E．They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity. F.You feel like an 18-year old，especially when playing 80s music. G.When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇议论文，文章主要探讨了成年人的定义及其所需具备的特质，并强调了社会在培养成年人方面的责任。 1．G　由上文“As Alice Black points out，today's parents' fear of letting kids do more housework has added to their inability to feel competent and，thus，confident in themselves.Psychologist Robert Turner wrote about this in his book，The Life Cycle，mentioning a stage when kids learn self-direction and mastery.(正如Alice Black所指出的，如今父母害怕让孩子做更多家务，这加剧了孩子们无法感受到自身的能力，进而也导致他们对自己缺乏自信。心理学家Robert Turner在他的著作《生命周期》中提到了这一点，他提到了孩子们学习自我指导和掌握技能的阶段。)”可知，本空应强调这个阶段的重要性或缺失这个阶段会带来什么影响。G选项“When this stage is denied it creates a sense of insecurity.(当这个阶段被剥夺时，就会产生一种不安全感。)”符合题意，承接上文，说明了这个阶段被剥夺的后果。故选G。 2．E　由上文“But Turner's other cycles are just as important.(但Turner的其他周期也同样重要。)”以及下文“If these life cycles are delayed，interrupted，or denied，you feel incapable of accessing your states of self，controlling unpleasant feelings，and manipulating (操控) the energy that puts together the fabric of your inner world.(如果这些生命周期被延迟、中断或拒绝，你会觉得自己无法进入自我状态，无法控制不愉快的情绪，也无法操控构成你内心世界结构的能量。)”可知，本空应解释它们的重要性体现在哪里。E选项“They teach emotional awareness and management as well as identity.(它们教授情感意识和管理以及身份认同。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。 3．D　由上文“Turner wisely said that ‘doing well’ psychologically is being able to roll with the flow of emotions，manage them，communicate clearly and well with others，and master various skills.This requires an internal locus (核心) of control，which implies self-control of your thoughts，feelings，and actions.(Turner明智地指出，从心理上讲，‘做得好’就是能够顺应情绪的流动，管理它们，与他人清晰而良好地沟通，并掌握各种技能。这需要一个内部的控制点，这意味着对自己的思想、情感和行动进行自我控制。)”可知，本空应进一步解释这种内部控制点或自我控制的意义。D选项“In other words，you're playing the game of life—life isn't playing you.(换句话说，你是在玩人生的游戏——而不是人生在玩你。)”能承接上文，符合题意，用比喻的方式解释了内部控制点的意义，即你能够掌控自己的人生，而不是被人生所掌控。故选D。 4．C　由上文“So，being an adult isn't just holding a job.Being an adult is about having a rooted sense of self while being capable of identifying and managing your emotions and actions.(所以，成为一个成年人不仅仅是拥有一份工作。成为一个成年人意味着拥有一种根深蒂固的自我意识，同时能够识别和管理自己的情绪和行动。)”可知，本空应进一步描述成年人的其他特质或能力。C选项“It's being able to show understanding when communicating with others.(它是在与他人交流时能够表现出理解。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了成年人在与他人交流时应具备的能力，即表现出理解。故选C。 5．A　由上文“While raising an adult is a parent's job，it's also our responsibility as a society to ensure that we support schools that nurture (培养) emotional and identity development.(虽然培养一个成年人是父母的工作，但作为社会，我们也有责任确保我们支持那些培养情感和身份发展的学校。)”可知，本空应进一步描述社会在培养成年人方面的其他责任。A选项“It's also our job to support adults who need help repairing incomplete life cycles.(支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人也是我们的工作。)”能承接上文，符合题意，补充了社会在培养成年人方面的另一项责任，即支持那些需要帮助修复不完整生命周期的成年人。故选A。 五、(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript(原稿).__1__ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk：dictionary and thesaurus(同义词词典).I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.__2__ Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. __3__ It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition，I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary，picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course，with its 2，672 pages，it's not exactly short.It contains around 163，000 words，plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.__4__ However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull(乏味)work，” wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of “dull”．__5__ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course，a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。 1．F　上文“If you want to be published，it's vital to submit a perfect，professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。 2．B　上文“I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器；下文“Of course，these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses，but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项(它不考虑上下文。)解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。 3．E　下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word，thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar，but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。 4．A　下文“However，if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage，there's nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项(我不经常用这本字典。)是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。 5．D　上文“‘To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，’ wrote Johnson，illustrating one definition of ‘dull’．(约翰逊在解释‘dull’的一个定义时写道：‘编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。’)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。 六、(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷) Overtourism Is For Real：How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.__1__ Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ·Choose mindfully.Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they're special.With so many online posts featuring the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.__2__ ·Get creative.The best way to ease pressure on over-touristed destinations is to go somewhere else.Though overtourism is described as a problem affecting the entire world，it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots.That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.__3__ Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights? ·__4__ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You'll compete with fewer tourists，save money，experience a different side of a popular place，and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege(荣幸).Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.__5__ You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So，should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone，or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. 【语篇解读】　本文为一篇说明文。介绍了如何避免“过度旅游”的现象。 1．B　前文“Travel promotes understanding，expands our minds，makes us better people，and boosts local economies and communities，but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations.(旅游促进理解，扩展我们的思想，使我们成为更好的人，促进当地经济和社区，但旅游业的快速发展导致了某些地区和目的地的过度旅游。)”表明旅游带来了一些问题，后文“The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world.(在当今世界，失去旅行所能提供的东西将是不可接受的。)”表示不能失去旅行，结合后文“Certainly not.(当然不。)”可知，空处提问能否停止旅行，D选项“那么，我们应该停止旅行吗？”符合语境。故选B。 2．C　前文“Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason：they're special.With so many online posts featuring the same places，it's easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape，culture or food deeply draws you.(游客过多的目的地是有原因的：它们很特别。网上有这么多关于同一个地方的帖子，很容易让你觉得你错过了。只有当风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去某个地方。)”表明不要跟风旅游，C选项“为你而不是其他人旅行”表明要关注自己在旅行时的感受，忠实自己的感受，不用管其余的建议，符合语境。故选C。 3．E　前文“That means you have tons of less-visited options to choose from.(这意味着你有很多不太受欢迎的选择。)及后文“Why not try a regional alternative or check out a popular destination's lesser-known sights？(为什么不尝试一个地区性的选择，或者看看一个热门目的地不太为人所知的景点呢。)”提出建议，可以选择一些冷门的景点，E选项“你仍然可以找到相对未被发现的地方”符合语境。故选E。 4．A　空处为小标题，根据后文“Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.(通过跳过重大节假日或高峰时间来最小化影响并最大化体验。)”表示旅游时要注意避开高峰期，选择合适的时间，A选项“在非高峰时间参观”概括本段内容。故选A。 5．G　前文“Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place.(尽你的一份力，从一开始就保护一个目的地的特别之处。)”表明旅游时应保护旅游景点，后文“You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there.(你可能会惊讶地发现你和那里的人感觉如此亲近。)”表示这样做的感受，G选项“考虑回馈你所访问的社区”承上启下，符合语境。故选G。 七、(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷) Personal Forgiveness Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don't beat yourself up about them.To err(犯错)is human.__1__ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading “Personal strengths.” __2__ Are you caring？Creative？Generous？A good listener？Fun to be around？They don't have to be world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of. At the top of a second page，put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.__3__ You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.__4__ That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. It's something of a cliché(陈词滥调)that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is，it's true.__5__ We' re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. A．A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way. B．Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. C．They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. D．It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. E．It doesn't mean you have to ignore what's happened or forget it. F．Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down. G．Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。 1．D　根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step，but don't beat yourself up about them.To err (犯错) is human.(为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过。)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.(你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It's just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.(宽恕自己也同样重要。)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。 2．B　根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper，put the heading ‘Personal strengths.’ (在日记或纸上写上‘个人优点’)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don't have to be world-changing，just aspects of your personality that you're proud of.(你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行。)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。B项“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.(现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点。)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。 3．F　根据上文内容“At the top of a second page，put the heading ‘Acts of kindness.’ On this one，list all the positive things you've done for others.It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework，when you did the ironing without being asked，or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day.(在第二页的顶部，写上‘善举’的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候。)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。F项“Whatever it is，no matter how small it might seem，write it down.(不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来。)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。 4．C　根据空后内容“That way，you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through.(这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面。)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.(他们甚至可能想试一试做练习。)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list.(你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时C项和下文“In fact，don't wait until you've made a mistake to try this—it's a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.(事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法。)”中的“this”一致。故选C。 5．G　根据空前内容“It's something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes.The thing is，it's true.(大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的。)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。G项“Whatever the mistake，remember it isn't a fixed aspect of your personality.(不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面。)”符合语境，G项中的“isn't a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We're all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.(我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式。)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。 八、(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷) As an artist who shares her journey on social media，I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately，there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember，though，what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook(素描本)for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.__1__ You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come. ·Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes，portraits，or landscapes，paint from life as much as possible.__2__ ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new.__3__ Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club；we've all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. ·__4__ Seeking and accepting constructive feedback(反馈)is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and，in turn，have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected，no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.__5__ Push through，give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A．Get out of your comfort zone. B．Make career plans and set goals. C．Don't throw away your beginner art. D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E．You'll hit roadblocks，and you'll feel discouraged at times. F．Evaluate your performance and，if needed，redefine your role. G．You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些开始艺术之旅的好建议。 1．C　根据上文“Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future.(从小开始。我建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践。这些小的学习和实践可以提供灵感，并成为未来更复杂的作品的跳板。)”以及后文“You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come.(你会想要回顾一下自己的艺术之旅，看看自己已经取得多少进步。)”可知，空处应是一个过渡句，从给出建议使用一个素描本进行小规模的学习和实践，到回顾自己的艺术之旅，所以C项“Don't throw away your beginner art.(不要扔掉你的初学时的艺术作品。)”符合文意，和下文形成顺承关系。故选C。 2．G　分析设空处，位于段尾，是对本段的总结，根据上文“Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lifes，portraits，or landscapes，paint from life as much as possible.(经常作画，且从生活中作画。没有什么比不断练习更能提高你的艺术水平了。无论你是绘制静物、肖像还是风景，都要尽可能地从真实生活中去观察和绘制。)”可知，本段主要讲述不断练习绘画，所以G项“You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition.(你会逐渐形成只有通过反复练习才能获得的绘画肌肉记忆。)”是对上文的总结。故选G。 3．A　分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出下文，根据上文“Continually challenge yourself to try something new.(不断挑战自己，尝试新事物。)”以及下文“Artistic growth can be a bit painful.(艺术的成长可能会有点痛苦。)”可知，A项“Get out of your comfort zone.(走出你的舒适区。)”是对前句的进一步说明，和下文构成顺承关系。故选A。 4．D　分析设空处，位于段首，是本段的中心句，根据后文“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and，in turn，have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected，no matter my level of artistic ability.(寻求并接受有建设性的反馈对于你的成长非常重要。我在社交媒体上发布我的作品，并因此结识了一些最友好的人。无论我的艺术水平如何，他们都让我感到受到了重视和尊重。)”可知，本段主要讲述了是分享自己的作品，所以D项“Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so.(如果你感觉舒适的话，分享你的作品。)”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选D。 5．E　分析设空处，空处位于第二句，此处应是对前一句的进一步解释，并同时引出后文，根据上文“The journey you're on won't follow a straight path.(你的旅程不会是一条笔直的道路。)”以及下文“Push through，give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life.(坚持下去，给它时间，付出努力。你将收获艺术生活的回报。)”可知，E项“You'll hit roadblocks，and you'll feel discouraged at times.(你会遇到障碍，有时你会感到气馁。)”是对前句的进一步说明，和后文构成顺承关系。故选E。 九、(2023·全国乙卷) Indoor plants might look as if they just sit around not doing much，but in many ways they are the unsung heroes of the home.__1__，but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood(心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.What's more，indoor plants are easy to look after and are not very expensive. What are indoor plants? Indoor plants，also known as houseplants or pot plants，are plants that like to grow indoors.Many of these species(物种)are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter.__2__． Why are indoor plants good for you? Will Spoelstra who works at the Royal Botanic Gardens，says，“__3__．I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.” Several studies have backed this up and found that indoor plants can improve creativity，focus and memory.There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.__4__． Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera，peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors.You can buy plants from supermarkets，garden centres or online.Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants.“__5__，” Spoelstra says.“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” A．All plants are different B．Not only do they look beautiful C．There are many benefits to growing plants indoors D．Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer E．Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是室内植物、室内植物带来的好处及你能种植哪些室内植物。 1．B　根据下文“but studies have shown that they can promote people's wellbeing by improving their mood (心情)，reducing stress and helping their memory.(而且研究表明，它们可以通过改善情绪、减轻压力和帮助增强记忆力来促进人们的健康。)”可知，此处与下文是递进关系，构成not only...but“不仅……而且……”结构。由此可知，B.Not only do they look beautiful(它们不仅看起来很漂亮。)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．D　根据上文“Many of these species (物种) are not ideally suited to growing outside in the UK，especially in the winter.(这些品种中的许多都不适合在英国户外生长，尤其是在冬天。)”可知，有些植物不适合在户外寒冷的环境中生长，即适合在温暖的地方生长。由此可知，D.Instead，they grow better inside，where it is warmer(相反，它们在温暖的室内生长得更好)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选D。 3．C　根据下文“I find during the winter months，plants around the house can really lift your mood.(我发现在冬天的几个月里，房子周围的植物真的能提升你的情绪。)”可知，室内植物对人有好处。由此可知，C.There are many benefits to growing plants indoors(在室内种植植物有很多好处)能够衔接下文，符合语境。故选C。 4．E　根据上文“There is also research showing that pot plants can clean the air around them by removing harmful gases，such as carbon dioxide.They also remove some harmful chemicals from paints or cooking.(也有研究表明，盆栽植物可以通过去除二氧化碳等有害气体来净化周围的空气。它们还能去除油漆或烹饪中的一些有害化学物质。)”可知，盆栽植物能够清除有害物质。由此可知，E.Plants like peace lilies and devil's ivy are among the best(像和平百合和绿萝之类的植物是最好的)能够承接上文，列举了在这方面做的最好的植物，符合语境。故选E。 5．G　根据上文“Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones，and you get to care for them as they mature—which is part of the joy of owning plants.(年轻的植物通常比成熟的植物便宜，而且你可以在它们成熟时照顾它们——这是拥有植物的乐趣之一。)”可知，不同的植物需求是不同的。由此可知，G.Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding(了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的)能够承接上文，同时引起下文，下文“It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.”(它可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家庭与自然之间的联系。)”具体介绍了了解每种植物的需求的好处。故选G。 十、(2023·全国甲卷) Tricks To Becoming A Patient Person Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common？There's one answer.__1__． In the Digital Age，we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips.However，research suggests that if we practiced patience，we'd be a whole lot better off.Here are several tricks. ·Practice gratitude(感激) Thankfulness has a lot of benefits：Research shows it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic.__2__．“Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，” said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California. ·Make yourself wait Instant gratification(满足)may seem like the most “feel good” option at the time，but psychology research suggests waiting for things actually makes us happier in the long run. And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.__3__．Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.You'll soon find that the more patience you practice，the more you start to apply it to other，more annoying situations. ·__4__． So many of us have the belief that being comfortabel is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances.You should learn to say to yourself，“__5__.” You'll then gradually become more patient. A．Find your causes B．Start with small tasks C．Accept the uncomfortable D．All this adds up to a state of hurry E．It can also help us practice more patience F．This is merely uncomfortable，not intolerable G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了变得耐心的一些方法。 1．G　根据上文“Here's a riddle：What do traffic jams，long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There's one answer. (这里有一个谜语：交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期开始有什么共同之处？答案只有一个。)”可知，本句说明上文谜语的答案，结合“交通堵塞、排长队和等待假期”这些情况可知都需要耐心。故G项“在这些情况下，我们都需要一点额外的耐心”符合语境，故选G。 2．E　根据上文“Thankfulness has a lot of benefits：Research shows it makes us happier，less stressed and even more optimistic.(感恩有很多好处：研究表明，感恩让我们更快乐，压力更小，甚至更乐观。)”以及下文“‘Showing thankfulness can foster self-control，’ said Ye Li，researcher at the University of California.(加州大学的研究员叶丽说：‘表达感激可以培养自我控制能力。’)”可知，上文提到了感恩的诸多好处，可知本句继续说明感恩的好处：它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心。E项中It指代上文Thankfulness。故E项“它还可以帮助我们练习更多的耐心”符合语境，故选E。 3．B　根据上文“And the only way for us to get into the habit of waiting is to practice.(我们养成等待习惯的唯一方法就是练习。)”以及下文“Put off watching your favorite show until the weekend or wait 10 extra minutes before going for that cake.(把你最喜欢的节目推迟到周末再看，或者多等10分钟再去吃蛋糕。)”可知，下文列举的事情都是日常的小事，说明要从小事开始练习等待，故B项“从小任务开始”符合语境，故选B。 4．C　根据本段内容“So many of us have the belief that being comfortable is the only state we will tolerate，and when we experience something outside of our comfort zone，we get impatient about the circumstances.(我们中的许多人都认为舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，当我们经历舒适区之外的事情时，我们会对环境失去耐心。)”可知，本段提到了舒适是我们唯一能容忍的状态，结合上文的小标题都是祈使句可知，本段的主旨与接受不舒适相关，C项中uncomfortable对应下文comfortable。故C项“接受不舒服”符合语境，故选C。 5．F　根据上文“You should learn to say to yourself (你应该学会对自己说)”以及下文“You'll then gradually become more patient.(然后你会逐渐变得更有耐心。)”结合本段主要说明的是不舒服的状态，可知，本句为对自己所说的话与接受不舒服相关，故F项“这仅仅是不舒服，而不是无法忍受”符合语境，故选F。 十一、(2022·全国甲卷) Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules.__1__．Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.__2__． Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East，it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.__3__，instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile，you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests __4__．In Portugal，this would be a serious mistake，because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.Similarly，in Italy，never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries.__5__，the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D．Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E．It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些外出就餐时要知道的一些重要事情。 1．D　根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out (外出就餐时要知道的重要事情)”可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。由此可知，D项“Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant (不要在餐馆犯尴尬的错误)”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.(知道一些技巧将有助于确保你和朋友或家人一起享受一顿愉快的晚餐——无论你在世界的哪个地方。)”。故选D。 2．F　根据本段小标题“Chopstick Rules”可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.(当你在吃的间隙把它们放下来的时候，一定要把它们放在一起，这样它们就和你面前的桌子边缘平行了。)”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。由此可知，F项“Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them (不要把它们笔直地插在你的食物中，也不要在使用它们时交叉放置)”讲述的也是使用筷子时的注意事项，符合此处语境，其中“them”指的是上文的“chopsticks”。故选F。 3．C　根据本段小标题“Hands or Utensils (餐具)”可知，本段主要讲述的是手和餐具的问题。根据上文“In India and the Middle East，it's considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand.(在印度和中东，用左手吃饭被认为是非常不礼貌的。法国人希望你每只手拿一个餐具吃饭。)”及下文“instead preferring to use their hands (相反更愿意使用他们的双手)”可知，此处在讲述不同国家就餐时习惯使用哪只手的问题。由此可知，C项“Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils (墨西哥人认为用餐具吃饭是不合适的)”符合语境，与下文形成转折关系。故选C。 4．G　根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal，this would be a serious mistake，because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.Similarly，in Italy，never ask for extra cheese to add to your food.(在葡萄牙，这将是一个严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技巧。同样，在意大利，永远不要要求在食物中添加额外的奶酪。)”可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。由此可知，G项“It may seem like simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal (吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，其中“request”是关键词，说明，在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。故选G。 5．B　根据下文“the more comfortable you'll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices(你就会对它的外国文化习俗感到越舒服)”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，B项“The more time you spend in any given country (你在某个国家待的时间越长)”符合文意，引出下文。故选B。 十二、(2022·全国乙卷) Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain(保持)long-distance friendships. ·Set a regular date Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact(联系)and share with one another.With busy schedules，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.__1__. ·More isn't always merrier Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.__2__．There are alternatives to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat. ·Practise empathy(共情) __3__．The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned. ·__4__ Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible，extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you. ·Don't rely on technology alone __5__，but long-distance friendships—even close ones—may require more conscious effort to sustain.Try to seek out chances to renew friendships.How to do it？Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible. A．Remember important dates B．Compensate by writing letters C．It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper D．Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it E．Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication F．It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media G．You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了五种维系异地友谊的方法。 1．D　上文“With busy schedules，squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.(平日繁忙，很难抽出时间打电话。)”讲是双方都很忙碌，很难有时间给对方打电话，D项“尽量找个双方都有空的时间去打电话，并坚持下去” 给出了解决没时间打电话这个问题的方法，符合题意。故选D。 2．E　上文“Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.(确保你已经和你的朋友沟通过，了解你们想要联系的频率，以及哪种方法对你们双方都最有效。)”提到，异地朋友之间要商量沟通方式，E项“朋友需要谈论他们喜欢的交流方式”承接上文，进一步提出对交流的方法的沟通，下文“There are alternatives to constant written communication，such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.(除了持续的文字交流，还有其他选择，比如留下语音信息或进行群聊。)”对E项中的“methods of communication”进行了举例说明，上下文语意连贯。故选E。 3．G　下文“The friend who is remaining(留下来的朋友)”和“The one in the new environment(在新环境中的那个)”提到朋友的两个不同处境，G项“你可能是朋友中离开的那一方，也可能是被留下的那一方”指出了异地友谊中分为离开的一方和留下的一方，其中“the friend who left”和“the one who was left behind”分别对应下文“The one in the new environment”和“The friend who is remaining”，所以G项符合题意。故选G。 4．A　分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships.(周年纪念日和生日对于异地友谊而言是非常重要的。)”讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”，所以A项符合题意。故选A。 5．F　设空处所在句子的后半句“but long-distance friendships — even close ones — may require more conscious effort to sustain.(但是异地友谊——甚至是关系亲密的友谊——可能需要更加自觉地去维系。)”讲的是我们要更加自觉地维系异地友谊，其中“but”说明后半句与设空处形成转折，而F项“朋友之间很容易通过社交媒体产生一种联结感”讲的是可以通过社交媒体这种方式很容易与朋友产生联结，与后半句“require more conscious effort to sustain”形成转折，而且其中的“social media”呼应了该段的小标题“Don't rely on technology alone”(不要仅仅依赖技术)中的“technology”。故选F。 十三、(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read：“__1__” With a workout partner，you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle(微妙)competition. So，how do you find a workout partner? First of all，decide what you want from that person.__2__ Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but it probably won't result in a useful response.__3__ If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym. My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do，how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session，and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities，and provided her phone number.__4__ You and your partner will probably have different skills.__5__Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.The core(核心)of your relationship is that you will always be there to help each other. A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward. B．A workout partner usually needs to live close by. C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else. D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何找到一个一起锻炼的伙伴。 1．C　根据上文“Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled ‘Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partne.’ One reason was：‘You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym.’(《健身杂志》最近刊登了一篇题为《感谢健身伙伴的五个理由》的文章。一个理由是：‘如果你知道有人在健身房等你，你就会去锻炼。’)”可知，这里陈述另一个和别人一起锻炼的理由。所以C项“You'll work harder if you train with someone else.(如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力。)”符合上下文语境。故选C。 2．D　根据上文“First of all，decide what you want from that person.(首先，决定你想从那个人身上得到什么。)”和下文“Or do you just want to be physically fit，able to move with strength and flexibility？(或者你只是想要身体健康，能够移动的力量和灵活性？)”可知，这里是一个问句，反问自己结伴锻炼的目的。所以D项“Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? (你想在你最喜欢的运动项目上成为更好的运动员吗？)”符合上下文语境。故选D。 3．B　根据上文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media，but probably won't result in a useful response.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和下文“If you plan on working out in a gym，that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以B项“A workout partner usually needs to live close by.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。 4．G　根据上文“My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do，how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session，and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities，and provided her phone number.(我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上。她的注意事项包括她想要做什么样的锻炼，每周多少天，每次培训要花多少小时，以及她的年龄。它还列出了她最喜欢的运动和活动，并提供了她的电话号码。)”可知，本段作者以自己的锻炼伙伴为例，说明寻找锻炼伙伴布告所要包括的信息。所以G项“Any notice for a training partner should include such information.(任何锻炼伙伴的布告都应包括这些信息。)”符合上下文语境。故选G。 5．F　根据上文“You and your partner will probably have different skills.(你和你的伴侣可能有不同的技能。)”和下文“Over time，both of you will benefit—your partner will be able to lift more weights and you will become more physically fit.(久而久之，你们双方都会受益——你的伴侣会举起更多的重量，你也会变得更健康。)”可知，要学会求同存异，一起合作，共同提高。所以F项“Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.(接受你们的不同，学会彼此合作。)”符合上下文语境。故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $