第01讲 动词的时态语态（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年春季高考英语

专题01 动词时态、语态 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：几种常考动词时态（难点） 4 考点二：被动语态（重点） 13 实战精练与提升 18 考情解读 一、考试要求 上海高考英语对动词时态语态的考查，以基础时态和被动语态为核心，重点检验在具体语境中准确运用的能力，不侧重偏难时态，但强调运用的精准度。高考常考的时态有，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。高中阶段的被动语态：主要掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态，以及将来完成时被动语态的用法。 特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意容易混淆的时态差异，准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 现在完成时 5 年 5 考 与被动语态结合（如 has been done），隐含时间线索（so far/recently）判断 2026 年大概率在语法填空中考查，融入科技 / 环保语境，强化逻辑推断 一般过去时 5 年 4 考 明确过去时间标志（yesterday/last year），与现在完成时区分 2026 年或在完形填空中出现，结合叙事类语篇考查动作先后关系 被动语态（综合） 5 年 5 考 一般现在 / 过去时被动（is done/was done），主动表被动特殊用法 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合长难句嵌套，考查 “be+ done” 结构完整性 现在进行时 5 年 2 考 现阶段动作（these days），情感色彩表达（always+ doing 表抱怨） 2026 年可能在写作隐性考查，结合人际交往 / 社会现象话题 过去完成时 5 年 3 考 “过去的过去” 时间参照，固定句型（by + 过去时 / It was the first time that） 2026 年或在语法填空中出现，依托历史事件 / 故事类语篇 知识梳理 知识点1、动词的时态，重点以下三种 ①将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词 ②现在完成进行时 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 ③将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或 “by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋过去分词。 知识点2、被动语态 ①get构成的表示被动语态的短语：get paid/lost/hur等 ②主动表示被动意义 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ 考点精讲 · 考点一：动词的常考时态 解题策略 1. 根据时态标志词：判断时态。 2. 根据时态定义：准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 3. 根据语境暗示：有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过“语境暗示”，正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 4. 根据并列谓语：当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。 · 动词时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 does/is/are/am is/are/am doing have done 过去 did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done 说明：高中阶段需重点掌握： ①将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 ②现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 ③将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或 “by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 备注1： 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 备注2： 常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） The study 3 (involve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. 2025·上海浦东新·二模） In another study, researchers analyzed brain scans to see how writing about negative events affected the way such events 1 (process) and handled. They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. …… When you write with your audience in mind, you relate to them. Most importantly, you share something precious with loved ones. Think of how you felt the last time someone you cared about 5 (take) time to write you a heartfelt message. （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness 9 (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible 10 (conquer). （2025·上海虹口·二模） Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I 1 (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. ……. It felt disturbing, especially when I 6 (throw) into chaos after months of peace. （2025·上海杨浦·二模） At the time, the subway station was simply a proposal 7 (extend) Frankfurt’s subway system. Many of the local residents were concerned about the impact the construction and development 8 (have) on the community. （2025·上海崇明·二模） Moo Deng lives at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, southeast of the Thai capital, Bangkok. Zoo worker Atthapon Nundee 2 (post) sweet moments of the animal's life for the past few months. During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert In November last year, another nature reserve, near the ancient oasis city of AlUla, 6 (name)the first-ever Dark Sky Park in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia joined 21 other countries on its list of certified Dark Sky Places, with the US and New Zealand 7 (top) the list. （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 calories you burn. “Breaking up motionless periods with brief walk greatly increases energy consumed daily and 4 (improve) health.” （2025·上海青浦·二模） A concept I 5 (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it 9 (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. （2025·上海金山·二模） Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. （2024年虹口区一模） But your cat may be listening after all. More than that, it ___2___(care)more than you may think. At first, there was concern from Dr. de Mouzon and her team for lack of reaction from the cats, but upon analysis of the film recordings, delicate reactions ___8___(notice). （2024年金山区一模） But occasionally, I ___23___ (remind) how powerful a tool it always is. It remains unparalleled in its original, uncommercialized mission ___24___ (serve) as a connector of people and a facilitator of friendship. I’m thinking about this after having just returned from breakfast with my friend, Rob. I ___25___ (not see) him since I was 16. （2024年崇明一模） New data from a scientific “accident” has suggested that life may actually flash before our eyes as we die. A team of scientists set out to measure the brainwaves of an 87-year-old patient who ___21___ (develop) epilepsy (癫痫) for many years. But during the neurological (神经学的) recording, he suffered a fatal heart attack, ......... Dr Ajmal Zemmar, a co-author of the study, said that what the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ___24___ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain. · 考点二：被动语态 解题策略 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 （3）特别注意：现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。 · 动词语态梳理 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 )It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 )In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections: （2025·上海静安·二模） And some think it’s just a quick trend and might even be harmful if practiced incorrectly. “Physiologically, humans 9 (build) for biped (双足的) mobility instead of quadruped (四足的) mobility like animals,” （2025·上海宝山·二模） One of the remarkable things about OpenAI’s Sora is that it can generate content in a variety of styles. When the project 6 (disclose) last February, OpenAI claimed that “Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and according to the user's hint.” （2025·上海长宁·二模） 3 Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats 4 (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit. Sent to a prison camp in the desert, Yelnats must spend his days 5 (dig) holes amid poisonous snakes under the instruction of a strict prison officer. 6 Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship 7 (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. （2025·上海普陀·二模） This genetic influence 4 (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. （2024年闵行区一模） The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean Rainforest (厄瓜多尔雨林). Some sites were relatively primitive, old-growth forests. Others were areas that ____4____ (clear) for pasture (牧场) already. （2024年宝山区二模） Your equipment____21____(ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped. （2024年崇明区二模） During the parade, significant attention ___22___ (capture) by the traditional Chinese Puning Yingge folk dance, a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. （2024年奉贤区二模） A new study, which ___7___(publish) in International Journal recently, focuses on the development of Moffuly-II, a newly developed hug robot, which can move its arms to perform different small gestures during the hug. （2024年虹口区二模） If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening. （2024年黄浦区二模） One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ___21___ (absorb) in a device. 实战训练 一、单句语法填空（注意动词时态语态） 1．Doing exercise in the morning （be）good for our health. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It (fall) on December 25. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The woman looked down, (shake) her head and said: “Not so good.” (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．By the window (sit) a young man with a magazine in his hand. （所给词的适当形式填空） 6．They had to wait and (hope) that someone would come and help them. （所给词的适当形式填空） 7．At present, the remarkable development of digital economy (transform) our modern way of life.(所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Because of climate change, the ice that polar bears depend on for survival (disappear) slowly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．I (translate) the poems of the Tang Dynasty these days. It is very interesting but a little hard. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Some children (slide) on the ice happily when they heard someone crying for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD．(所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The plan they paid much attention to (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．As long as you put in more effort, you progress in your schoolwork.(make) (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．Last Sunday he promised he (come) but he hasn’t arrived until now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．I hoped Tina (come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Jason set up a plan that in five years he (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 21．If you have kids, and they (not see) this film yet, it’s safe to say they’d enjoy it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 22．Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 23．While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 24．Due to the hard training they (do) before, their performances were very impressive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 25．The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 26．Tom (work) in the library every night over the last three months. （所给词的适当形式填空） 27．If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 28．By the time Jane gets home, her aunt (leave) for London to attend a meeting. （所给词的适当形式填空） 29．You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he (have) an important meeting then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 30．Don’t call Mr. Wang at nine tomorrow. He (listen) to a lecture on the reform of the college entrance examination. (所给词的适当形式填空) 31．Don’t call me at nine tomorrow because I (study) at the library then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 32．While drone delivery is new to Beijing, the technology (exist) in other parts of China for several years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 33．Marty (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 34．Cleaning must be done before the holiday, typically in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities (see) as removing good luck. (所给词的适当形式填空) 35．According to current regulations, visitors (require) to switch off their camera flashes in the museum. (所给词的适当形式填空) 36．If the project (complete) on time, the company will receive a bonus. (所给词的适当形式填空) 37．The plan that (approve) by the committee last week will be implemented next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 38．My life (save) many years ago by a St John ambulance and it’s a marvelous feeling repaying back that kindness. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 39．The sports meeting that the students have been looking forward to (hold) tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 40．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 41．I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we (fine)if we leave it here.（所给词的适当形式填空） 42．He was not sure whether his thesis paper (approve) by the professor tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 43．Mo Yan is the only one of the writers who (award) the Nobel Prize for Literature in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 44．But no evidence of life (discover) in any of these planet so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 45．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances   in the past years. (discover) （所给词的适当形式填空） 46．In recent years many football clubs as business to make a profit. (run) （所给词的适当形式填空） 47．When I got to the theatre, I found that the tickets (sell out) and I didn’t get one. （所给词的适当形式填空） 48．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 49．Students are not allowed to use the art centre at the moment because it (decorate). （所给词的适当形式填空） 50．The church tower which (restore) at present will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.(所给词的适当形式填空) 51．The gym which (build) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.(所给词的适当形式填空) 52．The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空) 53．It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 54．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 55．The baby should (take) good care of by the baby-sitter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 56．The beauty of the views couldn’t (imagine) and they left me with many great memories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 57．His proposal that the system (improve) got rejected by the boss. (所给词的适当形式填空) 58．This kind of desk can (adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it’s not expensive at all. （所给词的适当形式填空） 59．The large board in the corner had been replaced by a big screen, where customers’ comments on the month’s best-seller (display). (所给词的适当形式填空) 60．It is announced that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、句子翻译 1．对敬业的老师来说，没有什么比看到学生取得进步更让人欣慰的了。(there)(汉译英) 2．虽然他面临着一个相当困难的处境，但他对人生还抱着积极的态度。（Although）（汉译英） 3．不出所料，这部喜剧一经播出就大受欢迎，成为票房第一的国庆档电影。(rank) （汉译英） 4．在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 5．如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌，你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位。（likely）（汉译英） 6．令她喜忧参半的是，她将成年独立，再无家荫庇护。（what）（汉译英） 7．过去十年来，他始终致力于学术研究并且与时俱进，最终取得了成功。 (pace) (汉译英) 8．截至上月末，这个野生动物保护组织已经筹集了超过一万美元。 (raise) (汉译英) 9．他提前预定了展览的门票，所以才能有机会欣赏到这些国内外的优秀画作。（appreciate）(汉译英) 10．自从2021年被引进中国以来，这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店。(launch) (汉译英) 11．他已行医三十余载，病患无不称赞其医术高超，品德高尚。(compliment) 12．与其他国家消费者相比，很多中国人并不习惯信用卡支付，移动支付能在中国迅速崛起，一定程度上也得益于此。（benefit）（汉译英） 13．当我得到了一张梦寐以求的歌剧票，我兴奋不已。 (thrill) （汉译英） 14．人工智能发展迅猛，不仅能够应用于文字，更是在视频、音频等多领域实现突破。(apply)(汉译英) 15．在这张导览图上，十几种便民服务用不同颜色标注了出来。(mark)(汉译英) 16．越来越多的旅游公司开始涉足自助游项目的开发，这大大增加了旅游景点对志愿者的需求。(involve)(汉译英) 17．热带雨林正被飞速砍伐，将来它们很可能从地球上消失。(likely) (汉译英) 18．今天早晨爸爸不得不骑车去上班，因为他的车正在被维修。(汉译英) 19．令校长开心的是，自引入实验课以来，越来越多的学生对科学表现出兴趣。（delight）（汉译英） 20．我们听到他获奖的消息但并不感到惊奇，因为他的成功是意料之中的。(award) 三、真题演练 1.（2022年秋考）An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm 2.（2022年春考）We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 3.（2021年秋考）When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. 4.（2020年秋考） The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch—face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, (30)________ (remain) largely unchanged in all that time. 5.（2020年春考）The latter (28)_________ (predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up to establish the truth of this bold prediction. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 动词时态、语态 目录 考情分析与命题趋势 1 知识体系构建 2 考点精析与突破 4 考点一：几种常考动词时态（难点） 4 考点二：被动语态（重点） 13 实战精练与提升 18 考情解读 一、考试要求 上海高考英语对动词时态语态的考查，以基础时态和被动语态为核心，重点检验在具体语境中准确运用的能力，不侧重偏难时态，但强调运用的精准度。高考常考的时态有，一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、过去将来时、现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时、将来进行时、现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时等。高中阶段的被动语态：主要掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态，以及将来完成时被动语态的用法。 特别注意：要把握各种时态的特点，注意容易混淆的时态差异，准确理解具体语境下时态的正确意义，捕捉句子中所隐含的时间信息，务必要克服汉语式的惯性思维，排除误导，培养发散性思维习惯。 二、命题分析 考点 考频 考查内容 命题趋势 现在完成时 5 年 5 考 与被动语态结合（如 has been done），隐含时间线索（so far/recently）判断 2026 年大概率在语法填空中考查，融入科技 / 环保语境，强化逻辑推断 一般过去时 5 年 4 考 明确过去时间标志（yesterday/last year），与现在完成时区分 2026 年或在完形填空中出现，结合叙事类语篇考查动作先后关系 被动语态（综合） 5 年 5 考 一般现在 / 过去时被动（is done/was done），主动表被动特殊用法 2026 年侧重语法填空，结合长难句嵌套，考查 “be+ done” 结构完整性 现在进行时 5 年 2 考 现阶段动作（these days），情感色彩表达（always+ doing 表抱怨） 2026 年可能在写作隐性考查，结合人际交往 / 社会现象话题 过去完成时 5 年 3 考 “过去的过去” 时间参照，固定句型（by + 过去时 / It was the first time that） 2026 年或在语法填空中出现，依托历史事件 / 故事类语篇 知识梳理 知识点1、动词的时态，重点以下三种 ①将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词 ②现在完成进行时 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 ③将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或 “by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋过去分词。 知识点2、被动语态 ①get构成的表示被动语态的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 ②主动表示被动意义 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ 考点精讲 · 考点一：动词的常考时态 解题策略 1. 根据时态标志词：判断时态。 2. 根据时态定义：准确理解常考时态的定义是做题的根本。 3. 根据语境暗示：有些题目在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下，通过“语境暗示”，正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条行之有效的方法。 4. 根据并列谓语：当句中有两个或两个以上的动词时，它们之间可能是同时发生，也可能有一定的先后关系，我们可以根据这种谓语动词的关系来判定时态。同一个主语的两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词的时态要一致。 · 动词时态梳理 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 does/is/are/am is/are/am doing have done 过去 did was/were doing had done 将来 will do will be doing will have done 过去将来 would do would be doing would have done 说明：高中阶段需重点掌握： ①将来进行时 表示将来某一时刻或某一时段正在发生或进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用，如：at this time tomorrow，by then，from 1：30 to 4：30 tomorrow等。其构成为：will/shall bee＋现在分词 Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 o'clock this afternoon because she will be teaching a class at that time. 简不能参加今天下午三点的会议了，因为她那个时间在授课。 ②现在完成进行时 一、现在完成进行时的构成 对完成进行时要求学生掌握的是现在完成进行时。其构成为：have/has been＋现在分词。 二、现在完成进行时的用法 (1)表示过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或产生的状态一直延续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常见的时间状语：all this morning，this month，these few days，since和for引导的状语从句等。 —Excuse me，which movie are you waiting for? ——打扰了，你们在等着看哪部电影呢？ —The new Star Wars.We have been waiting here for more than two hours. ——新版的《星球大战》，我们在这儿等了两个多小时了。 (2)所表示的动作有时并不是一直在不停地进行，而是在断断续续地重复。 The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded with success in the end. 学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的付出最终会收获成功的。 ③将来完成时 将来完成时用来表示在将来某一时间以前已经完成的动作或一直持续的动作。经常与“before+将来时间或 “by+将来时间”连用，也可与before或by the time引导的现在时的从句连用。其构成为：will /shall +have ＋过去分词。 The children will have gone to sleep by the time we get home.到我们回家时，孩子们将已睡了。 When you come tonight at eight o'clock，I shall have written my paper.你今晚八点钟来时，我将会写完文章了 By next year our teacher will have taught English for twenty years.到明年我们的老师将已教二十年英语了。 备注1： 其他表示“将来”的结构及用法 (1)“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划、打算要做某事或根据某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 Look，dark clouds are gathering.It is going to rain soon，I think. 瞧，乌云正在聚集，我想快要下雨了。 Whether in the home or the workplace，social robots are going to become a lot more common in the next few years. 无论是在家里还是在工作场所，在未来的几年里社交机器人将会变得越来越普遍。 (2)“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划、约定或按职责、义务必须做的事或即将发生的动作。 You are to hand in your papers by 10 o'clock. 到10点你得交上试卷。 (3)“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的将来时间状语连用。 Tom was about to close the windows when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关上窗户，就在这时一只鸟引起了他的注意。 备注2： 常使用完成时的句型 (1)This/It /That is the first /...time＋that sb.has/have done； This/It /That was the first /...time＋that sb.had done 这是某人第几次做某事。 (2)It(This)is/was the＋最高级＋名词＋(that)定语从句，从句中的谓语用完成时。 (3)It is/has been＋一段时间＋since sb.did； It was/ had been＋一段时间＋since sb.had done sth.自从……以来多久了。 (4)hardly(scarcely)...when.../ no sooner...than...( 一……就……)主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。 Hardly/No sooner had I got home when/than the rain poured down.我刚到家，大雨就倾盆而下。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们有10年没那么高兴过了。 （2025·上海徐汇·二模） The study 3 (involve) 20 horses, who were initially rewarded with a treat for touching a piece of card with their noses. 【答案】3．involved 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：这项研究涉及了 20 匹马，它们最初因用鼻子触碰一张卡片而得到食物奖励。文章整体描述的是过去进行的研究情况，句子主语是 “The study”，“involve” 是谓语动词，用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作，所以用 “involved”。故填 involved。 2025·上海浦东新·二模） In another study, researchers analyzed brain scans to see how writing about negative events affected the way such events 1 (process) and handled. They concluded that expressive writing might be an effective tool to address negative emotions and 2 writing about a past failure could improve learning. …… When you write with your audience in mind, you relate to them. Most importantly, you share something precious with loved ones. Think of how you felt the last time someone you cared about 5 (take) time to write you a heartfelt message. 【答案】1．were processed 5．took 【解析】 1.考查语态。句意：在另一项研究中，研究人员分析了脑部扫描，以了解写下负面事件如何影响此类事件被处理和应对的方式。“such events”是定语从句的主语，与“process”是被动关系，即事件被处理，根据上下文时态为一般过去时，故填 were processed。 5.考查时态。句意：想想上次你在乎的人花时间给你写了一封真心的信时你是什么感受。the last time引导的时间状语从句，描述过去的动作，所以用一般过去时。故填 took。 （2025·上海嘉定·二模） Then, at last, they arrived. The vast, icy emptiness 9 (stretch) in every direction. Henson, moving quickly ahead, was the first to mark their achievement. When Peary arrived, they planted their flags, securing their place in history. The impossible 10 (conquer). 【答案】9．stretched 10．had been conquered 【解析】 9．考查时态。句意：广阔的冰原向四面八方延伸。文章讲述的是过去的事情，这里描述到达北极时看到的景象，用一般过去时，“stretch” 的过去式是 “stretched”。故填 stretched。 10．考查时态和语态。句意：不可能的事情已经被征服了。The impossible” 与 “conquer” 之间是被动关系，“征服”发生在“抵达”之前，需用过去完成时，且主语the impossible与conquer之间是被动关。故填had been conquered。 （2025·上海虹口·二模） Returning from studying abroad was like being hit by a wave of reality. The initial shock wasn’t in the customs or language differences I 1 (expect) abroad—it came when I stepped back into daily life in the U.S. ……. It felt disturbing, especially when I 6 (throw) into chaos after months of peace. 【答案】1．had expected 6．was thrown 【解析】 1．考查时态。句意：最初的冲击并非来自于我在国外所预期的风俗或语言差异——当我回到美国的日常生活时，它就出现了。空处为定语从句的谓语动词，expect这个动作发生在 “was” 之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时。故填had expected。 6．考查时态和语态。句意：尤其是在经历了几个月的平静之后，我被抛入混乱之中，这让我感到不安。空处为从句的谓语动词，“I”和 “throw”之间是被动关系，且这里描述的是过去的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was thrown。 （2025·上海杨浦·二模） At the time, the subway station was simply a proposal 7 (extend) Frankfurt’s subway system. Many of the local residents were concerned about the impact the construction and development 8 (have) on the community. 【答案】 8．would have 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：许多当地居民担心建设和开发会给社区带来影响。空处为从句谓语动词；根据主句时态可判断，此处表示从过去的角度看将来会发生的动作，应用过去将来时；主语the construction and development和动词have之间为主动关系。故填would have。 （2025·上海崇明·二模） Moo Deng lives at Khao Kheow Open Zoo, southeast of the Thai capital, Bangkok. Zoo worker Atthapon Nundee 2 (post) sweet moments of the animal's life for the past few months. During that time, the hippo has received widespread attention on social media. 【答案】 2．has been posting/has posted 【解析】考查动词时态。句意：过去几个月里，动物园工作人员阿塔蓬·农迪（Atthapon Nundee）一直在发布这只动物生活中的温馨瞬间。根据时间状语“for the past few months”可知，动作从过去开始持续到现在，且有可能继续下去，所以可以用现在完成进行时，表示一直在做某事；也可以用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响，即发布了动物生活的甜蜜时刻，使河马受到了广泛关注。主语为Zoo worker Atthapon Nundee，助动词用has。故填has been posting/has posted。 （2025·上海黄浦·二模） If you find that shifting your focus brings you relief and your concerns don’t resurface down the road, that 7 (count) as working. You might say something regrettable at a party, for instance, but instead of worrying about it, you distract yourself by watching funny videos that night. 【答案】7．counts/is counted 【解析】考查时态，被动语态和主谓一致。句意：如果你发现转移注意力能让你放松，而且之后担忧的事情也没有再浮现，那就说明这样做是有效的。由find可知，句子时态用一般现在时，sth. count as/sth. be counted as是固定短语，意为“某物可以算作/某物被认为是”，that作主语谓语动词用单数，因此空格处是counts/is counted。故填counts/is counted。 （2025·上海奉贤·二模） Sara Sami vividly recalls the first time she truly saw the stars. The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide 1 (search) for a spot in Saudi Arabia — a massive cliff overlooking a vast desert In November last year, another nature reserve, near the ancient oasis city of AlUla, 6 (name)the first-ever Dark Sky Park in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia joined 21 other countries on its list of certified Dark Sky Places, with the US and New Zealand 7 (top) the list. 【答案】1．was searching 6．was named 1．考查时态。句意：这位38岁的摄影师兼旅游导游正在沙特阿拉伯寻找一个地方——一个俯瞰广阔沙漠的巨大悬崖——这时她意外地发现自己在一个惊人的夜空下。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when…表示“正在做某事，这时……”，发生在过去的某个时刻用过去进行时，主语为The 38-year-old photographer and travel guide，谓语用单数。故填was searching。 6．考查时态语态。句意：去年11月，另一个自然保护区，靠近古老的绿洲城市AlUla，被命名为中东第一个黑暗天空公园。主语another nature reserve与谓语name构成被动关系，根据上文In November last year可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was named。 （2025·上海松江·二模） According to the professor of the University of Milan, Dr Francesco Luciano, 2 led the study, the main message should be that brief moments of physical activity, such as getting to your feet to make a cup of tea, can make a surprisingly large difference to 3 calories you burn. “Breaking up motionless periods with brief walk greatly increases energy consumed daily and 4 (improve) health.” 【答案】 4．improves 4．考查动词时态。句意：这项研究的负责人、米兰大学教授弗朗西斯科·卢西亚诺博士表示，主要的信息应该是，短暂的体育活动，比如站起来泡杯茶，会对你燃烧的卡路里数量产生惊人的巨大影响。用短暂的散步来打破不动的时期，大大增加了每天消耗的能量，改善了健康。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，连词and后improve（提高）与increases（增加）一起作并列谓语，时态语态需保持一致，因此也需使用一般现在时的三单形式。故填improves。 （2025·上海青浦·二模） A concept I 5 (research) extensively, insinuation anxiety, is the discomfort we feel when signaling that someone might be wrong or untrustworthy. Rejecting advice directly can also risk social negative feedback. Giving yourself this space allows you to move from a reactive response to a thoughtful one. When I finally questioned the advice to “just be patient,” I realized it 9 (hold) me back. By taking proactive steps — seeking mentors outside of the workplace and pursuing my values — I started shaping my own career path, and you can do the same. 【答案】 5．have researched/am researching/have been researching 9．was holding/had held 5．考查时态。句意：我广泛研究过的一个概念，暗示焦虑，是当我们暗示某人可能错了或不可信时感到的不适。根据语境可知，空格处是定语从句的谓语动词，定语从句修饰先行词 A concept；此处可以表示过去 的研究，用一般过去时；也可以表示现在正在进行的研究，用现在进行时；还可以表示从过去到现在一直在进行的研究，用现在完成进行时，故填have researched/am researching/ have been researching。 9．考查时态。句意：当我终于质疑“要有耐心”的建议时，我意识到它一直在阻碍我/已经阻碍了我。根据语境可知，空格处是宾语从句的谓语动词，主句的谓语动词是realized，此处可以表示过去某个时间一直在进行的动作，用过去进行时；也可以表示realized之前已经完成的动作，用过去完成时，故填was holding/had held。 （2025·上海金山·二模） Stand-up comedy, originating in the United States, has gained global appeal, including in China. 1 the first Chinese stand-up comedy club was set up in Shenzhen in 2009, this form of entertainment was relatively unknown to most Chinese audiences. But the growing popularity of stand-up comedy in China 2 (demonstrate) that humor has no borders. Another two stand-up comedy industry leaders in China 3 (establish) in 2014 and 2017 respectively. 【答案】2．demonstrates 3．were established 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：但脱口秀在中国日益增长的受欢迎程度表明幽默无国界。demonstrate(表明)是谓语动词，句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是“the growing popularity”是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填demonstrates。 3．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：另外两家中国脱口秀行业的领军机构分别于2014年和2017年成立。establish(建立)是谓语动词，与主语“Another two stand up comedy industry leaders”之间是被动关系，结合时间状语“in 2014 and 2017 respectively”可知，讲述过去的事情，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，助动词用were。故填were established。 （2024年虹口区一模） But your cat may be listening after all. More than that, it ___2___(care)more than you may think. At first, there was concern from Dr. de Mouzon and her team for lack of reaction from the cats, but upon analysis of the film recordings, delicate reactions ___8___(notice). 【答案】 2. cares 8. were noticed 【2题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：不仅如此，它比你想象的更重要。描述一般事实用一般现在时，主语it是第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数，故填cares。 【8题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：一开始，de Mouzon博士和她的团队担心猫没有反应，但在对录像进行分析后，他们注意到了微妙的反应。分析句子可知，notice作谓语，与主语reactions是被动关系，用被动语态，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，主语是复数，故填were noticed。 （2024年金山区一模） But occasionally, I ___23___ (remind) how powerful a tool it always is. It remains unparalleled in its original, uncommercialized mission ___24___ (serve) as a connector of people and a facilitator of friendship. I’m thinking about this after having just returned from breakfast with my friend, Rob. I ___25___ (not see) him since I was 16. 【答案】 23. am reminded 24. to serve 25. haven’t seen 【23题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：但偶尔，我会想起它一直是一个多么强大的工具。根据句中的occasionally可知，这里表示习惯性的动作，应用一般现在时。主语I和remind之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为I，所以be动词应用am。故填am reminded。 【25题详解】 考查时态。句意：我从16岁起就没见过他。根据句中的时间状语从句“since I was 16”可知，这里应用现在完成时，故填haven’t seen。 （2024年崇明一模） New data from a scientific “accident” has suggested that life may actually flash before our eyes as we die. A team of scientists set out to measure the brainwaves of an 87-year-old patient who ___21___ (develop) epilepsy (癫痫) for many years. But during the neurological (神经学的) recording, he suffered a fatal heart attack, ......... Dr Ajmal Zemmar, a co-author of the study, said that what the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got, ___24___ (consider) the first-ever recording of a dying brain. 【答案】21. had developed 24. was considered 【21题详解】 考查时态。句意：一组科学家开始测量一名患有癫痫多年的87岁患者的脑电波。根据句中set以及后句中suffered可知，本句使用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，who引导修饰先行词patient的定语从句，并在句中作主语，空处作谓语，且develop发生在set out之前，为“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。故填had developed。 【24题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：该研究的合著者Ajmal Zemmar博士说，当时驻扎在加拿大温哥华的研究小组意外得到的东西被认为是有史以来第一份关于垂死的大脑的记录。根据句中said 可知，空处应用一般过去时，分析句子结构可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，what the team, then based in Vancouver, Canada, accidentally got作主语，空处应作谓语，且与句子主语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，从句在句中作主语，be动词应用was。故填was considered。 · 考点二：被动语态 解题策略 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 （3）特别注意：现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。 · 动词语态梳理 一、被动语态的构成形式 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。被动语态的构成形式还有：get/become＋过去分词。各种时态的被动语态形式如下： 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 被动语态的使用场合：(1)不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时；(2)强调动作的承受者时。 )It is reported that a space station will be built on the moon in years to come. 据报道，一个空间站将在未来的几年内在月球上被建成。 )In my hometown，there is always a harvest supper for the farmers after all the wheat has been cut. 在我的家乡，所有的麦子被收割后，总是要给农民们准备一顿收获的晚餐。 With many forests being destroyed，huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. 因为许多森林被毁，每年大量肥沃的泥土被冲走。 易错警示 (1)有些及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：have有；cost花费；lack缺少；own拥有；belong to属于；take part in参加。 (2)不及物动词(短语)不能用于被动语态。常见的有：happen/take place/occur发生；remain剩下；break out爆发；last持续；come out出版；come up被提出；lose heart失去信心；date from/back to追溯到；run out用完。 二、get构成的表示被动的短语：get paid/lost/hurt等 get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形式连用，构成被动语态。 While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted，Henry did his best to perform his duty. 在等待机会被提拔期间，亨利尽量履行好自己的职责。 We get paid by the week. 我们按周获得薪酬。 1．“系动词feel，sound，taste，look，smell，appear，seem，turn，stay，become，get，grow，keep等＋形容词/名词”构成系表结构，常常以主动形式表示被动意义。 This kind of wool shirt feels soft and sells well. 这种羊毛衫摸起来很软，卖得很好。 2．当sell，read，cut，wash，write，open，wear，run，burn等不及物动词后带状语(well/easily等)修饰，用来表示主语内在的品质或性能时用主动形式表示被动含义。 Have you bought the book that sells well these days? I think it is suitable for us teenagers. 你买最近销售很好的那本书了吗？我认为它非常适合我们青少年。 三、主动形式表示被动意义 1．在need，want，require，deserve，bear等动词、worth等形容词的后面，动名词主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 The house needs repairing/to be repaired. 这房子需要修理。 2．be to rent/blame/let主动形式表被动意义。 Who is to blame for the mistake? 谁应为此错误接受谴责？ The house is to let. 此房出租。 （2025·上海闵行·二模） For students 6 (draw) to photography, we offer a special photojournalism track for both. Every option 7 (organize) in three sections: 【答案】 7．is organized/will be organized 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：每个选项都分为三个部分。主语Every option与organize之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态。也可以表示将要发生的动作，用一般将来时的被动语态。故填 is organized/will be organized。 （2025·上海静安·二模） And some think it’s just a quick trend and might even be harmful if practiced incorrectly. “Physiologically, humans 9 (build) for biped (双足的) mobility instead of quadruped (四足的) mobility like animals,” 【答案】9．are built 【解析】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：从生理上讲，人类是为双足移动而进化的，而不是像动物那样 的四足移动。build(发展)是谓语动词，与主语humans之间是被动关系，描述客观事实，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式。故填are built。 （2025·上海宝山·二模） One of the remarkable things about OpenAI’s Sora is that it can generate content in a variety of styles. When the project 6 (disclose) last February, OpenAI claimed that “Sora can generate videos up to a minute long while maintaining visual quality and according to the user's hint.” 【答案】6．was disclosed 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：当该项目于去年二月公布时，OpenAI声称“Sora能够生成长达一分钟的视频，同时保持视觉质量并根据用户的提示进行创作”。空格处是谓语动词，根据时间状语last February可知，描述过去发生的事，用一般过去时；主语the project与动词disclose之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语是单数形式，be动词用was。故填was disclosed。 （2025·上海长宁·二模） 3 Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats, a boy born into a poor family. Yelnats 4 (accuse) of a crime he didn’t commit. Sent to a prison camp in the desert, Yelnats must spend his days 5 (dig) holes amid poisonous snakes under the instruction of a strict prison officer. 6 Yelnats is told that this is to “build character”, he soon unearths a mystery buried deep beneath the ground. Sachar’s story of hardship 7 (inspire) book readers and film audiences for years. 【答案】 4．is accused 7．has inspired/has been inspiring 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：耶尔纳茨被指控犯了一项他没有犯的罪。空处为句子谓语动词；再根据句 意及空前的“… Holes tells is the story of Stanley Yelnats”可知，此处描述的是一般事实，应用一般现在时，动词accuse与主语Yelnats之间是被动关系，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is accused。 7．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：多年来，萨查尔关于苦难的故事一直激励着书籍读者和电影观众。空处为句子谓语动词；根据时间状语“for years”可知，句子应用现在完成时（have/has done）或现在完成进行时（have/has been doing），表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或表示从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在并还可能继续持续下去的动作；又因为主语Sachar’s story of hardship为第三人称单数，助动词用“has”。故填has inspired/been inspiring。 （2025·上海普陀·二模） This genetic influence 4 (observe) in between 34 per cent for frequency of garden visits and 44 per cent for public nature space visits, they said. 【答案】 4．was observed/had been observed 【解析】考查时态语态。句意：他们表示，这种遗传影响体现在34%的花园访问频率差异和44%的公共自然空间访问频率差异中。observe((在科学研究中)观测)是谓语动词，与主语This genetic influence是被动关系，根据语境，动作发生在过去，可用一般过去时的被动语态was observed，也可理解为动作发生在“他们表示”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态had been observed。故填was observed/had been observed。 （2024年闵行区一模） The researchers took recordings from across 43 sites in the Ecuadorean Rainforest (厄瓜多尔雨林). Some sites were relatively primitive, old-growth forests. Others were areas that ____4____ (clear) for pasture (牧场) already. 【答案】 4. had been cleared 【4题详解】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：其他地区已经被开垦为牧场。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据上文，“开垦”这一动作发生在took recordings之前，故此处应用过去完成时。主语 areas与动词clear是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填had been cleared。 （2024年宝山区二模） Your equipment____21____(ruin), and all of the fish you have worked so hard to catch are trapped. 【答案】21. is ruined 【21题详解】 考查时态语态。句意：你的设备坏了，你辛辛苦苦捕来的鱼都被困住了。主语equipment与谓语构成被动关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是不可数名词，be动词使用is。故填is ruined。 （2024年崇明区二模） During the parade, significant attention ___22___ (capture) by the traditional Chinese Puning Yingge folk dance, a national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) in China. 【答案】22. was captured 【22题详解】 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在游行中，中国传统的非物质文化遗产普宁英歌民族舞蹈吸引了人们的极大关注。分析句子可知，空处应为谓语动词；根据下一句中的谓语动词“offered”和第一段的“on February 11”可知，本文描述的是在2月11日举行的庆祝活动，应用一般过去时；主语是“attention”，与动词capture之间为被动关系，表示“注意力被吸引”，故应用被动语态，且谓语为单数形式。故填was captured。 （2024年奉贤区二模） A new study, which ___7___(publish) in International Journal recently, focuses on the development of Moffuly-II, a newly developed hug robot, which can move its arms to perform different small gestures during the hug. 【答案】 7. has been published 【7题详解】 考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：最近在《国际期刊》上发表的一项新研究，聚焦于Moffuly-II的研发，这是一款新开发的拥抱机器人，能够在拥抱过程中移动其手臂来完成不同的小手势。分析句子可知，空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，由recently可知，从句中应用现在完成时，先行词A new study与动词publish构成被动关系，应用被动语态，先行词study为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been published。 （2024年虹口区二模） If Apple’s patent ____27____ (introduce) into iPhone software, with venues putting infrared emitters around their stage, leaks like this could potentially stop happening. 【答案】27. is introduced 【27题详解】 考查动词时态、语态以及虚拟语气。句意：如果苹果的专利被引入iPhone软件，在舞台周围放置红外发射器，这样的泄漏可能会停止发生。分析句子可知，空格处应填入谓语动词。根据主句内容可知，此处条件状语从句应用一般现在时态。主语Apple’s patent 与动词introduce是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填is introduced。 （2024年黄浦区二模） One recent study of college students found that a quarter of people crossing intersections ___21___ (absorb) in a device. 【答案】21. were absorbed 【21题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：最近一项针对大学生的研究发现，四分之一的人在过十字路口时会全神贯注地玩手机。短语be absorbed in表示“全神贯注于……”，此处主句found可知为一般过去时，从句用一般过去时，主语为a quarter of people，谓语用复数。故填were absorbed。 实战训练 一、单句语法填空（注意动词时态语态） 1．Doing exercise in the morning （be）good for our health. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：早上做运动对我们的健康有好处。分析句子可知，句子的主语是Doing exercise ，即动名词做主语，看作单数，谓语也用单数。句子表达的客观事实，所以用一般现在时。故填is。 2．Christmas is the most important festival in the western world. It (fall) on December 25. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】falls 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：圣诞节是西方世界最重要的节日。它在12月25日。句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语It是第三人称单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数falls，故填falls。 3．For example, I (order) a digital camera online the other day and saved about $50. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ordered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：例如，前几天我在网上订购了一台数码相机，节省了大约50美元。分析句子可知，order是谓语动词，由the other day可知，描述过去发生的事情用一般过去时，故填ordered。 4．The woman looked down, (shake) her head and said: “Not so good.” (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】shook 【详解】考查时态。句意：女人低下头，摇摇头说：“不太好。”空格处和looked是并列的动作，looked是过去式，空格处也用过去式shook，故填shook。 5．By the window (sit) a young man with a magazine in his hand. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】sat 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：窗边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。由表示方位的介词短语位于句首可知，该句为完全倒装句型，结合句意，此处为动作的过去时态。故填sat。 6．They had to wait and (hope) that someone would come and help them. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】hoped 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们不得不等待着、盼望着有人会来帮助他们。分析句子可知，hope与had to用and并列连接，也是谓语动词，应与had一致，都使用一般过去时。故填hoped。 7．At present, the remarkable development of digital economy (transform) our modern way of life.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is transforming 【详解】考查时态。句意：当前，数字经济的飞速发展正在改变着我们的现代生活方式。空处作句子谓语，结合语境和时间状语at present可知，陈述目前一段时间正在发生的事情，应用现在进行时，主语development不可数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is transforming。 8．Because of climate change, the ice that polar bears depend on for survival (disappear) slowly. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is disappearing 【详解】考查时态。句意：由于气候变化，北极熊赖以生存的冰层正在缓慢消失。根据常识可知，句子描述的事情正在发生，谓语动词应该使用现在进行时，disappear的主语为ice，它为不可数名词，故填is disappearing。 9．I (translate) the poems of the Tang Dynasty these days. It is very interesting but a little hard. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】am translating 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这些天我在翻译唐诗。这很有趣，但有点难。分析句子可知，设空处是句子的谓语部分，根据句意以及时间状语these days可知，本句应使用现在进行时，表示现阶段正在进行的动作。故填am translating。 10．I (search) the Internet for the relevant information when my cellphone rang. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was searching 【详解】考查时态。句意：我正在网上搜索相关信息时，手机响了。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，再根据句意和when my cellphone rang可知，这里谓语动词用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的动作，be doing sth. when...表“正在做某事，正在那时……”，为固定句型。故填was searching。 11．Some children (slide) on the ice happily when they heard someone crying for help. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were sliding 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一些孩子正高兴地在冰上滑着，这时他们听到有人呼救。此处为固定句型sb be doing sth when...“某人在过去某个时刻正在做某事这时……”，由主语Some children 及空后的 they heard 可知此处表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应用过去进行时。故填were sliding。 12．One day Gene and Hannah Bortnick heard piano music coming from their living room. They thought their 3-year-old son Ethan   (listen) to a CD．(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was listening 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：一天，Gene和Hannah Bortnick听到客厅里传来钢琴曲。他们以为3岁的儿子Ethan在听CD。空处应填谓语动词的形式，从句主语为Ethan，动作发生在过去且正在进行，应用过去进行时。故填was listening。 13．Family-friendly facilities (develop) in the following years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be developed 【详解】考查一般将来时和被动语态。句意：在接下来几年，适合家用的设施将会被研发。根据句意可知这里缺少谓语动词，时间状语“in the following years”说明是一般将来时，主语“facilities”和谓语动词“develop”之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故填will be developed。 14．Sooner or later those dishonest people (pay) a price for their acts; on the contrary, when we are honest, we are truly free. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will pay 【详解】考查时态。句意：那些不诚实的人迟早会为他们的行为付出代价；相反，当我们诚实时，我们就真正自由了。表示将来的动作应用一般将来时。故填will pay。 15．The plan they paid much attention to (discuss) at tomorrow’s meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be discussed 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：他们非常关注的计划将在明天的会议上讨论。该句中“they paid much attention to”为定语从句修饰主语the plan，此空为谓语动词，主语The plan和动词discuss之间是被动关系，根据时间状语为at tomorrow’s meeting可知，此处应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be discussed。 16．As long as you put in more effort, you progress in your schoolwork.(make) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will make 【详解】考查时态。句意：只要你付出更多的努力,你的功课就会进步。所给词为谓语,as long as引导的条件状语从句中使用了一般现在时表将来，“主将从现”原则,所以主句用一般将来时。故填will make。 17．Last Sunday he promised he (come) but he hasn’t arrived until now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would come 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：上星期天他答应来的，可到现在还没有到。promised后面为省略了that的宾语从句，缺少谓语动词，结合promised和but he hasn’t arrived until now可知，表示相对于过去将要发生的动作，此处使用过去将来时。故填would come。 18．I hoped Tina (come) to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would come 【详解】考查时态。句意：我希望蒂娜下周三能准时来参加我的生日聚会。根据前文hoped和后文the next Wednesday可知，此处应用过去将来时，表示从过去某时间看将要发生的动作。故填would come。 19．Jason set up a plan that in five years he (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would show 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，故填would show。 20．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has made 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语so far，此处应用现在完成时态，主语为our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填：has made。 21．If you have kids, and they (not see) this film yet, it’s safe to say they’d enjoy it. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果你有孩子而且孩子说还没有看过这场电影，可以肯定地说孩子会喜欢它的。根据下文的yet 并结合句意可知应填入所给动词的现在完成时，故填haven’t seen。 22．Since it drew recent media attention, Woon (hear) from resorts and restaurants in 10 countries, including the United States. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has heard 【详解】考查时态。句意：自从最近引起媒体关注以来，Woon已经从包括美国在内的10个国家的度假村和餐馆听到了消息。根据时间状语“Since it drew recent media attention”可知，本句为现在完成时，主语为Woon，谓语为单数形式。故填has heard。 23．While online shopping (change) our life, not all of its effects have been positive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has changed 【详解】考查动词。句意：虽然网上购物改变了我们的生活，但并非所有的影响都是积极的。分析句子，句中表示动作发生在过去，对现在有影响，故使用现在完成时。故填has changed。 24．Due to the hard training they (do) before, their performances were very impressive. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had done 【详解】考查动词。句意：由于他们之前的艰苦训练，他们的表现令人印象深刻。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，此处表示动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时。故填had done。 25．The news came as no surprise to me. I (know) for some time that the factory was going to shut down.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had known 【详解】考查时态。句意：这个消息对我来说并不意外。我早就知道那家工厂要倒闭了。know这一动作先于came这一过去的动作发生，所以用过去完成时。根据句意，故填had known。 26．Tom (work) in the library every night over the last three months. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】has been working 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的三个月里，汤姆每晚都在图书馆工作。根据后文over the last three months可知表示过去发生的动作，持续不间断进行到现在，将来可能继续进行应用现在完成进行时，主语为Tom，助动词用has，故填has been working。 27．If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will have lost 【详解】考查时态。句意：如果这一趋势继续下去，到2020年，世界将失去三分之二的脊椎动物的生物多样性。分析可知，设空处为谓语，根据时间状语by 2020，可知表示对将来造成的影响，所以用将来完成时，故填will have lost。 28．By the time Jane gets home, her aunt (leave) for London to attend a meeting. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will have left 【详解】考查时态。句意：到简到家的时候，她阿姨已经去伦敦开会了。根据by the time引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时可知，主句用将来时态。leave for London 这一动作在gets home这一动作发生之时已经完成，故用将来完成时。根据句意，故填will have left。 29．You’d better not phone the manager between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening; he (have) an important meeting then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be having 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天晚上7点到8点之间你最好不要给经理打电话；那时他将有一个重要的会议。根据between 7 and 8 tomorrow evening可知，此处是指未来具体时刻正在发生的事情，故用将来进行时will be doing，故填will be having。 30．Don’t call Mr. Wang at nine tomorrow. He (listen) to a lecture on the reform of the college entrance examination. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be listening 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天九点不要给王先生打电话。他将听一场关于高考改革的讲座。根据句意和时间状语at nine tomorrow可知，此处应用将来进行时，表示将来某段时间正在进行的动作。故填will be listening。 31．Don’t call me at nine tomorrow because I (study) at the library then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be studying 【详解】考查时态。句意：明天九点不要给我打电话，因为那时我正在图书馆学习。根据句中“at nine tomorrow”和“then”可知，句子表示将来某一时间正在发生的事，明天九点时我正在图书馆学习，应用将来进行时，谓语动词为“will be doing”，“study”意为“学习”，动词词性，现在分词为“studying”，故空格处应填“will be studying”。故填will be studying。 32．While drone delivery is new to Beijing, the technology (exist) in other parts of China for several years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has existed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：尽管无人机送货对北京来说是新鲜事物，但这项技术在中国其他地区已经存在了好几年。根据时间状语for several years可知，用现在完成时，主语为the technology，助动词用has。故填has existed。 33．Marty (work) really hard on his book and thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been working 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：马蒂一直在努力写他的书，他认为他会在星期五之前完成。此处应为谓语动词，根据句意以及下文中的“he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.”可知，Marty应该是在过去开始写书，一直写到现在，并将在星期五完成，所以此处使用现在完成进行时，且与句子主语Marty之间为主动关系，且主语为第三人称单数。故填has been working。 34．Cleaning must be done before the holiday, typically in January or February, since sweeping after the festivities (see) as removing good luck. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is seen 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：大扫除必须在节前完成，通常是在1月或2月，因为在庆祝活动结束后大扫除被视为会带走好运。此空为谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处讲述的是经常性发生的动作，所以此处使用一般现在时，see与主语sweeping after the festivities之间为被动关系，用被动语态，且主语为动名词短语，所以谓语动词应为单数。故填is seen。 35．According to current regulations, visitors (require) to switch off their camera flashes in the museum. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are required 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：根据现行规定，参观者被要求在博物馆内关闭相机闪光灯。所给动词“require”是句子的谓语动词，根据句意可知，这是一个规定，应用一般现在时；另外主语“visitors”和动词“require”构成被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，be动词使用are。故填are required。 36．If the project (complete) on time, the company will receive a bonus. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is completed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：如果项目按时完成，公司将获得奖金。空格处是if从句的谓语动词，从句的主语和动词complete之间是被动关系，用被动语态；由主句的一般将来时可知，从句应该用一般现在时表将来；从句的主语是单数形式，be动词用is。故填is completed。 37．The plan that (approve) by the committee last week will be implemented next month. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was approved 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：委员会上周批准的计划将于下个月实施。设空处在句中作定语从句的谓语，根据时间状语“last week”可知，应用一般过去时，“The plan”和“approve”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。故答案为was approved。 38．My life (save) many years ago by a St John ambulance and it’s a marvelous feeling repaying back that kindness. (用所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was saved 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：多年前，圣约翰救护车救了我的命，报答那个善意是一种奇妙的感觉。根据“many years ago”可知，本句为一般过去时，主语My life与save为被动关系，所以本句为一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数。故填was saved。 39．The sports meeting that the students have been looking forward to (hold) tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be held 【详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：学生们一直期待的运动会将于明天举行。分析句子结构可知，The sports meeting是主语，that the students have been looking forward to是定语从句修饰先行词The sports meeting，所以空格处作谓语。根据时间状语tomorrow可知，此处应用一般将来时，The sports meeting与hold是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。故填will be held。 40．More expressways (build) in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will be built 【详解】考查动词。句意：四川不久将修建更多的高速公路，以促进当地经济。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，句中soon意为“不久”，表示将来发生的动作，故使用一般将来时。同时more expressways与build之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be built。 41．I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we (fine)if we leave it here.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will be fined 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：我得把车开到路边，因为如果我们把车停在这里，我们会被贴罚单。根据句意可知，主语we和谓语fine为被动关系，if引导的条件状语从句为一般现在时，根据“主将从现”原则，故主句应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be fined。 42．He was not sure whether his thesis paper (approve) by the professor tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would be approved 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：他不确定他的论文明天能否得到教授的批准。根据主句时态可知，从句用过去时态。结合从句时间状语 tomorrow可知，表示过去将要发生的事情，用过去将来时。主语his thesis paper 与approve之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故填would be approved。 43．Mo Yan is the only one of the writers who (award) the Nobel Prize for Literature in China. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been awarded 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：莫言是中国唯一获得诺贝尔文学奖的作家。空处为who引导的定语从句的谓语，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在产生影响，使用现在完成时，who指代one of the writers，和award为被动关系，需用被动语态，且助动词用has。故填has been awarded。 44．But no evidence of life (discover) in any of these planet so far. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been discovered 【详解】考查动词的时态。句意：但是到目前为止，在这些行星上都没有发现生命迹象。根据句意及句子结构可知，空处要填入谓语；evidence与discover之间是动宾关系，根据状语so far可知，空处要用现在完成时的被动语态have/has been done；主语为no evidence，不可数名词，故助动词用has。故填has been discovered。 45．With the help of high technology, more and more new substances   in the past years. (discover) （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have been discovered 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在过去的几年里，在高科技的帮助下，发现了越来越多的新物质。主语, more and more new substances与谓语discover为被动关系，根据“in the past years”可知，本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been discovered。 46．In recent years many football clubs as business to make a profit. (run) （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】have been run 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态。句意：近年来，许多足球俱乐部都以营利为目的进行经营。根据“In recent years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。动词run意为“经营”，和主语clubs构成被动关系，用被动语态。故填have been run。 47．When I got to the theatre, I found that the tickets (sell out) and I didn’t get one. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had been sold out 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：当我到达剧院时，我发现票已经卖完了，我没有买到。根据上文When I got to the theatre和句意可知，sell out“卖完”发生在got to“到达”之前，that引导的宾语从句时态用过去完成时，从句中：主语tickets与谓语sell构成被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been sold out。 48．It was said that the flight to New York (cancel) due to the foggy weather. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been canceled/ had been cancelled 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据说飞往纽约的航班因大雾天气而取消了。空处应填从句谓语动词的形式，从句动作发生在主句动作之前且flight与cancel之间为被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been canceled/cancelled。 49．Students are not allowed to use the art centre at the moment because it (decorate). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】is being decorated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：学生暂时不允许使用艺术中心，因为它正在装修。根据at the moment可知，because引导的原因状语从句描述正在发生的事情，从句时态用现在进行时，且主语it和decorate“装修”为被动关系，所以应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is being decorated。 50．The church tower which (restore) at present will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being restored 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：目前正在修复的教堂塔楼将很快对游客开放。这工作差不多完成了。根据该句The work is almost finished可知，修复工作正在进行。且restore和which（即The church tower ）之间是被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being restored。 51．The gym which (build) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：正在建造的体育馆很快就要对游客开放了。工作快完成了。此处在which引导的限制性定语从句中作谓语，由will be open to tourists soon可知，体育馆正在建造还没有完成，且从句主语which代指先行词the gym和从句谓语动词build是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语是单数，be动词应用is，故填is being built。 52．The church tower which (restore) will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being restored 【详解】考查现在进行时的被动语态。句意：正在修复的教堂塔楼将很快对游客开放，工作已接近尾声。根据The work is almost finished可知，“修复”正在进行，动词restore与主语which(指代The church tower，第三人称单数)之间是被动关系，故应使用现在进行时的被动语态。主谓一致，故填is being restored。 53．It so happened that my mobile phone (repair) when you called me yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查时态。句意：昨天你打电话给我时，碰巧我的手机正在修理。从句主语my mobile phone和从句谓语动词repair是被动关系，且repair这个动作在过去的那个时间正在进行，该空用过去进行时的被动语态，从句主语单数，从句谓语单数形式。故填was being repaired。 54．He went home in a hurry,never once looking back to see if he (follow). （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】was being followed 【详解】考查动词时态及语态。句意：他匆匆回家，一次也没有回头看看是否正被跟踪。此处主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，且表示过去某个时刻动作正在进行，应使用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为he，谓语动词用单数。故填was being followed。 55．The baby should (take) good care of by the baby-sitter. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】be taken 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：孩子应该被保姆照顾得很好。主语the baby和take之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，情态动词should后用be done表被动。故填be taken。 56．The beauty of the views couldn’t (imagine) and they left me with many great memories. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be imagined 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：景色的美丽无法想象，它们给我留下了许多美好的回忆。imagine和主语The beauty of the views之间是被动关系，用被动语态，空前是情态动词，空处应填动词原形。故填be imagined。 57．His proposal that the system (improve) got rejected by the boss. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be improved/should be improved 【详解】考查名词性从句中的虚拟语气以及被动语态。句意：他提出的改进系统的建议被老板拒绝了。that引导同位语从句，对proposal内容进行解释说明，proposal是名词，意思是“建议，提议”，后面的同位语从句用虚拟语气，谓语用“should+do”的形式，其中should可以省略。从句主语the system与动词improve之间为被动关系，从句谓语为被动语态should be improved。故填should be improved/be improved。 58．This kind of desk can (adjust) to the height you need. Besides, it’s not expensive at all. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】be adjusted 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这种桌子可以调节到你需要的高度。此外，它一点也不贵。主语This kind of desk与动词adjust“调节”之间是被动关系，用be ajusted表被动，位于情态动词can后，be用原形，故填be adjusted。 59．The large board in the corner had been replaced by a big screen, where customers’ comments on the month’s best-seller (display). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being displayed 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：角落里的大木板已经被一个大屏幕所取代，上面显示着顾客对当月畅销书的评论。where引导的定语从句描述过去正在发生的事情，从句时态用过去进行时，且主语comments与display“显示”之间为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态，从句主语为复数，be动词用were。故填were being displayed。 60．It is announced that many a new house (build) at present in the disaster area. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：据宣布，灾区目前正在建造许多新房子。空处作that引导的从句谓语，主语指代a new house为单数，与build构成被动关系，根据at present，句子为现在进行时的被动语态。故填is being built。 二、句子翻译 1．对敬业的老师来说，没有什么比看到学生取得进步更让人欣慰的了。(there)(汉译英) 【答案】For a devoted teacher, there is nothing more rewarding than seeing students make progress. 【详解】考查there be句型和比较级结构。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。“对敬业的老师来说”可处理为for引导的介词短语作状语，“敬业的老师”翻译为a devoted teacher；表示“没有什么比……更……的了”用句型there is nothing more + 形容词 + than...，“让人欣慰的”用形容词rewarding，“看到某人做某事”用短语see sb. do sth.，see在句中作介词than的宾语，用动名词形式；“取得进步”用短语make progress。句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为For a devoted teacher, there is nothing more rewarding than seeing students make progress. 2．虽然他面临着一个相当困难的处境，但他对人生还抱着积极的态度。（Although）（汉译英） 【答案】Although he is facing a rather difficult situation, he still holds a positive attitude towards life. 【详解】考查让步状语从句、时态。表示“虽然”用although，引导让步状语从句，句首单词，首字母大写；从句中：用he作主语；表示“面临”用face，描述正在发生的事情，时态用现在进行时，谓语用is facing；表示“相当困难的处境”用a rather difficult situation，作宾语。主句中：用he作主语；表示“对人生抱着积极的态度”用hold a positive attitude towards life，主句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主句主语he为第三人称单数，谓语动词用hold的第三人称单数形式holds，表示“仍”用still，作状语，修饰holds。故翻译为Although he is facing a rather difficult situation, he still holds a positive attitude towards life. 3．不出所料，这部喜剧一经播出就大受欢迎，成为票房第一的国庆档电影。(rank) （汉译英） 【答案】As expected, this comedy became extremely popular as soon as it was released and ranked first at the box office among National Day holiday films. 【详解】考查从句的省略、时态、从句和短语。句子陈述过去的事情，用一般过去时；“不出所料”用as expected表达，为状语从句的省略；主语“这部喜剧”是this comedy，“大受欢迎”可用become extremely popular表达，为系表结构；“一……就……”用as soon as，引导时间状语从句，从句的主语是it（指代上文提到的comedy），“上映”用release表达，和主语it为被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was released，“成为票房第一”可用rank first at the box office，rank和was released为并列的谓语动词，用and连接，用一般过去时；“在国庆档电影中”用among National Day holiday films。综上，故翻译为As expected, this comedy became extremely popular as soon as it was released and ranked first at the box office among National Day holiday films. 4．在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。(demonstrate) 【答案】At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to. 【详解】考查动词时态及定语从句。“展览会”译为：exhibition；“销售经理”译为：sales manager；根据句意，动词demonstrate（展示）应用一般过去式；“电子玩具”译为：electronic toys； “翘首以盼”译为：look forward to；“孩子们翘首以盼的”可用定语从句的形式来表达，先行词是“电子玩具（electronic toys）”，在定语从句中作look forward to的宾语，所以定语从句由which/that引导，也可省略。主句为一般过去时，定语从句应用过去进行时。故全句翻译为：At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys (which/that) children were looking forward to. 5．如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌，你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位。（likely）（汉译英） 【答案】If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager. 【详解】考查条件状语从句，时态，主谓一致和固定短语。“如果你用更短的时间对客户的需求了如指掌”用if引导的条件状语从句，时态用一般现在时表将来，“更短的时间做某事”是固定短语it takes you a shorter time to do sth.，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式，“对……了如指掌”是know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of，“客户的需求”是customers’ needs，“你将有更大的可能成功申请到销售经理的职位”用一般将来时，“有更大的可能做某事”是be more likely to do，“成功做某事”是succeed in doing，“申请”是apply for，用动名词作宾语，“销售经理的职位”是a position as sales manager，因此整句话翻译为“If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager”，故答案为If it takes you a shorter time to know exactly/perfectly/be well-informed of customers’ needs, you will be more likely to succeed in applying for a position as sales manager. 6．令她喜忧参半的是，她将成年独立，再无家荫庇护。（what）（汉译英） 【答案】What makes her both happy and worried/concerned/ what gave her mixed feelings is/was that she will/would become an independent adult/grow up to be independent, no longer under her family’s shelter/without the shelter/protection of her family. 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。根据句意，该句可以理解为描述的是客观事实，主句使用一般现在时，也可以理解为讲述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时，表示“令她喜忧参半的是”为主语从句作主语，使用what引导主语从句（what在从句中作主语），其中“令……喜忧参半”为make sb. both happy and worried/concerned或give sb. mixed feelings，主语从句的谓语动词使用单数形式is/was；表示“她将成年独立”为表语从句作表语，结合句意，以及主语从句和主句中的时态可以是一般现在时，也可以是一般过去时可知，表语从句中使用一般将来或者过去将来时，从句中不缺主语和宾语，且句意完整，所以使用that引导，其中“成年独立”为become an independent adult或grow up to be independent，“将”为will/would；表示“再无家荫庇护”为伴随状语，使用介词短语no longer under her family’s shelter或without the shelter/protection of her family表示。故翻译为What makes her both happy and worried/concerned/what gave her mixed feelings is/was that she will/would become an independent adult/grow up to be independent, no longer under her family’s shelter/without the shelter/protection of her family. 7．过去十年来，他始终致力于学术研究并且与时俱进，最终取得了成功。 (pace) (汉译英) 【答案】Over / In the past decade / ten years, he has devoted / committed / dedicated / applied himself to academic research and kept pace with the times, achieving success in the end. 【详解】考查固定搭配、时态及非谓语。“过去十年来”可译为over / in the past decade / ten years；“致力于某事”可用固定搭配devote / commit / dedicate / apply oneself to sth.，反身代词用himself和主语he保持一致，“与时俱进”用固定搭配keep pace with the times；因over / in the past decade / ten years在句中作时间状语，“致力于”和“与时俱进”这两个谓语都应用现在完成时，共用主语he，可用and连接，且第二个谓语has kept中的has省略；“学术研究”译为academic research；“取得成功”译为achieve success，在句中用现在分词短语作状语；“最终”译为in the end。故翻译为Over / In the past decade / ten years, he has devoted / committed / dedicated / applied himself to academic research and kept pace with the times, achieving success in the end. 8．截至上月末，这个野生动物保护组织已经筹集了超过一万美元。 (raise) (汉译英) 【答案】By the end of last month, the wildlife conservation organization had raised over 10,000 dollars. 【详解】考查固定搭配和时态。“截至上月末”翻译为by the end of last month，在句中作时间状语，句子应该用过去完成时；“这个野生动物保护组织”翻译为the wildlife conservation organization；“筹集”用动词raise表示；“超过一万美元”翻译为over 10,000 dollars。故整句翻译为By the end of last month, the wildlife conservation organization had raised over 10,000 dollars. 9．他提前预定了展览的门票，所以才能有机会欣赏到这些国内外的优秀画作。（appreciate）(汉译英) 【答案】He had booked the ticket for the exhibition in advance, so he could have the opportunity to appreciate these superb paintings from home and abroad. 【详解】考查动词时态。表示“他”应用he；表示“预定”应用book，此处表示“过去的过去”，使用过去完成时；表示“展览的门票”应用the ticket for the exhibition；表示“提前”应用in advance；表示“所以”应用so；表示“能”应用could；表示“有机会”应用have the opportunity；表示“欣赏”应用appreciate，修饰名词opportunity，需用动词不定式作后置定语；表示“这些国内外的优秀画作”应用 these superb paintings from home and abroad。故翻译成：He had booked the ticket for the exhibition in advance, so he could have the opportunity to appreciate these superb paintings from home and abroad. 10．自从2021年被引进中国以来，这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店。(launch) (汉译英) 【答案】Since it was launched in China in 2021, this fast-food chain has been expanding its business and so far it has opened 60 branches. 【详解】考查时态、短语和句子结构。“这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务，到现在为止，已经开了60家分店”是主句，可处理为两个分句，用并列连词and连接，第一分句“这家快餐连锁店就不断拓展业务”的主语“这家快餐连锁店”用this fast-food chain，“不断拓展业务”用动词短语expand its business表示，结合时间状语“自从2021年被引进中国以来”可知，描述从过去持续到现在的行为，谓语动词expand用现在完成进行时态has been expanding its business，第二分句“到现在为止，已经开了60家分店”补充主语it，时间状语“到现在为止”用固定短语so far表示，“开了60家分店”译为open 60 branches，结合时间状语，描述过去持续到现在的行为，谓语动词open用现在完成时态has opened；“自从2021年被引进中国以来”作全句的时间状语，可处理为since引导的时间状语从句，补充主语it，时间状语“2021年”用介词短语in 2021表示，“被引进中国”用被动语态be launched in China，描述过去发生的事情，谓语用一般过去时的被动语态was launched in China。综上，全句译为：Since it was launched in China in 2021, this fast-food chain has been expanding its business and so far it has opened 60 branches. 11．他已行医三十余载，病患无不称赞其医术高超，品德高尚。(compliment) 【答案】He has been practicing medicine for over thirty years, and all his patients compliment him on his exceptional medical skills and noble character. 【详解】考查动词短语、时态和固定短语。表示“行医”应用短语 practice medicine，根据“已行医三十余载”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时have/has been practicing，主语是单数，助动词使用has；“三十余载”翻译为for over thirty years；表示“称赞某人某事”短语为compliment sb. on sth.，“病患无不称赞”即“所有病患都称赞”，译为all his patients compliment him on；“医术高超”可译为exceptional medical skills，“品德高尚”译为noble character，二者并列作介词on的宾语。故整句翻译为He has been practicing medicine for over thirty years, and all his patients compliment him on his exceptional medical skills and noble character. 12．与其他国家消费者相比，很多中国人并不习惯信用卡支付，移动支付能在中国迅速崛起，一定程度上也得益于此。（benefit）（汉译英） 【答案】Compared to consumers in other countries, many Chinese don’t get accustomed to paying by credit card, which to some extent has benefited the rapid rise of mobile payment in China. 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。表示“与……相比”短语为compared to，此处过去分词作状语；表示“其他国家消费者”翻译为consumers in other countries作宾语；表示“很多中国人”作主语主语为many Chinese；表示“习惯于”短语为get accustomed to doing sth.，此处为否定陈述句，且陈述事实用一般现在时；表示“信用卡支付”用动名词短语paying by credit card；后跟which 引导的非限制性定语从句；表示“一定程度上”短语为to some extent；表示“使……受益”应用动词benefit，此处“移动支付能在中国迅速崛起，一定程度上也得益于此”理解为“有利于中国移动支付的快速崛起”翻译为benefit the rapid rise of mobile payment in China，为现在完成时。故翻译为Compared to consumers in other countries, many Chinese don’t get accustomed to paying by credit card, which to some extent has benefited the rapid rise of mobile payment in China. 13．当我得到了一张梦寐以求的歌剧票，我兴奋不已。 (thrill) （汉译英） 【答案】I was thrilled to get an opera ticket which I had been dreaming of. 【详解】考查固定短语、名词、定语从句。表示“我”应用I；表示“高兴做某事”应用be thrilled to do；表示“得到”应用get，谓语动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形；表示“一张歌剧票”应用 an opera ticket，表示“我梦寐以求的”此处应用定语从句修饰前面的歌剧票，此处用which指代先行词ticket，在从句中作主语，表示“梦寐以求”应用dream of；主句为一般过去时，结合句意从句使用过去完成进行时，为which I had been dreaming of。故翻译为I was thrilled to get an opera ticket which I had been dreaming of。 14．人工智能发展迅猛，不仅能够应用于文字，更是在视频、音频等多领域实现突破。(apply)(汉译英) 【答案】Artificial intelligence technology is developing rapidly and can not only be applied to text, but also achieve breakthroughs in multiple fields such as video and audio. 【详解】考查短语和时态语态。主语“人工智能技术”表达为artificial intelligence technology，谓语“发展”表达为develop，陈述目前正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时，主语是第三人称单数，助动词用is；“应用于”表达为apply...to，和主语是被动关系，结合情态动词can“能够”可知，用含情态的动词的被动语态can be applied，“文字”可用text表达，作介词to的宾语，“实现突破”表达为achieve breakthroughs，状语“在多领域”表达为in multiple fields，“例如视频和音频”表达为such as video and audio，表列举；“不但……而且……”表达为not only...but also,,,，连接并列的谓语动词can be applied to和can achieve，为避免重复，第二个can省略。综上，故翻译为Artificial intelligence technology is developing rapidly and can not only be applied to text, but also achieve breakthroughs in multiple fields such as video and audio. 15．在这张导览图上，十几种便民服务用不同颜色标注了出来。(mark)(汉译英) 【答案】In this guide map, more than a dozen convenience services are marked in different colors. 【详解】考查固定短语和被动语态。表示“在这张导览图上”应用介词短语 in this guide map，在句中作地点状语；表示“十几种便民服务”应用名词短语 more than a dozen convenience services；题目要求使用mark，结合语义“服务被标注”，句子需用被动语态，因句子表示的是一个客观情况，谓语动词使用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用are，mark 的过去分词为 marked；表示“用不同颜色”应用介词短语in different colors，在句中作方式状语，故翻译为In this guide map, more than a dozen services are marked in different colors. 16．越来越多的旅游公司开始涉足自助游项目的开发，这大大增加了旅游景点对志愿者的需求。(involve)(汉译英) 【答案】More and more travel agencies are getting involved in the development of self-guided / DIY / independent tours, which greatly increases tourist attractions’ needs for volunteers. 【详解】考查时态、语态和定语从句。陈述当前正在发生的动作，谓语动词用现在进行时。根据所给提示，“开始涉足”表达为动词get involved in...；“越来越多的旅游公司”表达为more and more travel agencies，作主语，助动词用are；“自助游项目的开发”表达为名词短语the development of self-guided / DIY / independent tours，作介词in的宾语。“这大大增加了旅游景点对志愿者的需求”，表客观存在的事实，用一般现在时；“这”指代上半句“越来越多的旅游公司开始涉足自助游项目的开发”整个句子，此处用非限制性定语从句，关系代词为which，“大大地”表达为副词greatly，修饰动词，“增加旅游景点对……的需求”表达为动词短语increase tourist attractions’ needs for...,作从句的谓语；“志愿者”表达为名词volunteers，作for的宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为More and more travel agencies are getting involved in the development of self-guided / DIY / independent tours, which greatly increases tourist attractions’ needs for volunteers. 17．热带雨林正被飞速砍伐，将来它们很可能从地球上消失。(likely) (汉译英) 【答案】Rainforests are being cut down at such a high speed that they are likely to disappear from the Earth in the future. 【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，介词，连词，短语和时态。表示“热带雨林”应用名词rainforests；表示“飞速”应用介词短语at a high speed；表示“正被砍伐”应用动词短语cut down的现在进行时的被动结构；表示“它们”应用代词they；表示“将来”应用介词短语in the future；表示“很可能”应用形容词likely；表示“从地球上”应用介词短语from the Earth；表示“消失”应用动词disappear；“将来它们很可能从地球上消失”是“热带雨林正被飞速砍伐”的结果，可以用such…that…引导结果状语从句。这句话描述的是现在的情况，所以谓语用现在进行时和一般现在时。故翻译为Rainforests are being cut down at such a high speed that they are likely to disappear from the Earth in the future. 18．今天早晨爸爸不得不骑车去上班，因为他的车正在被维修。(汉译英) 【答案】Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car was being repaired. 【详解】考查动词时态。have to do表示“不得不做某事”，动词cycle表示“骑车”，this morning表示“今天早晨”，句子用一般过去时，故用had to cycle to work表示“不得不骑车去上班”；because表示“因为”，引导原因状语从句；从句中用his car表示“他的车”作主语，动词repair表示“维修”，结合句意可知，此处表示“正在被维修”，故用过去进行时的被动语态“，故谓语动词为was being repaired。故翻译为Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car was being repaired。 19．令校长开心的是，自引入实验课以来，越来越多的学生对科学表现出兴趣。（delight）（汉译英） 【答案】To the principal’s delight, since the experimental courses were introduced, more and more students have shown interest in science. 【详解】考查短语和时态。表示“令某人开心的是”短语为to one’s delight，故翻译为to the principal’s delight；表示“自从……以来”用since，引导时间状语从句，主语“实验课”为复数名词experimental courses，表示“引入”用动词introduce，与主语构成被动关系，且发生在过去用一般过去时的被动语态；主句“越来越多的学生”为more and more students；表示“对科学表现出兴趣”可用show interest in science，表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时，助动词用have。故翻译为To the principal’s delight, since the experimental courses were introduced, more and more students have shown interest in science. 20．我们听到他获奖的消息但并不感到惊奇，因为他的成功是意料之中的。(award) 【答案】We were not surprised at the news that he had been awarded the prize because his success was within expectation. 【详解】考查时态语态及同位语从句。对......感到惊讶为be surprised at,名词news后面用 that引导的同位语从句；句中使用because 引导的原因状语从句；award sb sth.“授予某人......”。 本句描述过去发生的事情，主句为一般过去时。从句为过去完成时的被动语态。再根据所给其他汉语，故翻译为We were not surprised at the news that he had been awarded the prize because his success was within expectation. 三、真题演练 1.（2022年秋考）An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society(24) ________ (develop)an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm 【答案】24.develops 【解析】考查一般现在时。此句的主语是 An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词,且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:企业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阴主谱后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构。实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写 developing:事实 上是 develops 2.（2022年春考）We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then. 【答案】 24,has not happened [解析]考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。 3.（2021年秋考）When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. 【答案】21.were not 【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were not。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。 4.（2020年秋考） The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch—face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, (30)________ (remain) largely unchanged in all that time. 【答案】30. has remained 【解析】考查现在完成时，in all hat time 表示“在那段时间”根据句意:“第一块怀表是由托马斯·汤普森(1639-1714)在330 年前在英国发明的，他的表面设计，两个(有时三个)秒针在一个表盘上移动，在这段时间里基本上没有改变。” 5.（2020年春考）The latter (28)_________ (predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up to establish the truth of this bold prediction. 【答案】 28. had predicted 【解析】考查时态语态—过去完成时。根据本空后that连接的从句，可知predict引导宾语从句，从句表述了预测的内容...kingdom would fall..., 从句为过去时，预测的动作必然发生在过去的过去，因此要用过去完成，故用had predicted。 37 / 38 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $