Unit 1 Nature in the balance 重点词汇归纳 清单-2024-2025学年高中英语牛津译林版必修第三册

Unit 1

         1. harm

1）v. 伤害，损害

 Transport has a lot to answer for when it comes to harming the planet.

2）n. 伤害，损害

do harm to… = do…harm 对…有害

 The court case will do serious harm to my business.

there is no harm in doing = it does no harm to do 不妨做某事

 There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.

[词形转换]

1）harmful adj. y欧害的

be harmful to… 对…有害

 Air pollution will get worse and this will be harmful to people’s health.

2）harmless adj. 无害的

         2. variety n. 变体；不同种类；变化

a (wide) variety of 各种各样的 = varieties of

 Join us to taste a variety of fresh local food and drinks.

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1）vary v. 变化；改变

vary in 在…方面不同

 The courses vary in content and difficulty.

vary with 随…变化而变化

vary from…to…/ vary between…and… 从…到…变化/ 从…到…不等

 Views on this issue vary from person to person.

2）varied adj. 各种各样的

3）various adj. 各种各样的

         3. mass

① adj. 大批的，数量极多的，广泛的

 The latest product is aimed at the mass market.

② n. 堆，团，块；大量，许多；（物理学）质量

a mass of/ masses of 一堆；大量的

 A mass of books and papers are on his desk.

③ the mass [pl.] 群众

 One of the duties of the physician is to educate the masses how not to take medicine.

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1）massive adj. 巨大的；非常严重的

 They have made a massive effort to save the ancient walls.

         4. survive v.

1）（经历事故、战争或疾病后）活下来，幸存

2）（靠很少的钱）继续维持生活

survive on 靠…生存（= live on）

 How does the family survive on such a small monthly wage ?

3）比…的时间长

survive sb. by + 时间 比某人多活…

 She survived her husband by ten years.

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1）survivor n. 幸存者；生还者

2）survival n. 幸存；生存

        5. disappear v. 消失；消亡；失踪

 Lisa watched the train until it disappeared from view.

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1）disappearance n. 消失；失踪

2）appear v. 出现  linking v. 好像

3）appearance n. 出现；外貌

         6. impact

1）n. 巨大影响，强大作用；冲击力

have/ make an impact on… 对…有影响

 This classic song has had an impact on generations of people.

2）v. 有影响

impact on/ upon… 对…有影响

 It’s a pity that his weight problem has impacted on his health.

         7. damage

1）vt. 损害；破坏

 Storms can severely damage crops.

2）n. 损坏；伤害

do/ cause damage to… 对…造成损害/破坏

 The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $ 6 million.

[归纳拓展] damage/ destroy/ ruin

damage 指部分性破坏，一般还可修复

destroy 指彻底破坏，一般不能或很难修复

ruin 指严重破坏，侧重指破坏事物的内在价值

         8. application n. 申请；用途

make an application for… 申请…

[词形转换]

1）apply v.

①（通常以书面形式）申请；请求

apply (to sb./ sth.) for…（向某人/某物）申请…

 I’m writing to apply to our school English club for the post of editor.

apply to do sth. 申请做某事

 It is reported that more than 1 million people applied to serve as volunteers for the Olympic Games.

② 有关；涉及

apply to… 对…适用

 Some cyclists think that traffic laws do not apply to them. It is not true, though.

③ 应用；涂，敷；勤奋工作

apply…to… 把…应用于…；把…涂抹于…

 We should apply what we learn in class to our future jobs and lives.