精品解析：天津市天津中学2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

2025-2026学年第一学期天津中学高二年级 第一次阶段性检测英语试卷 一、听力选择题 1.Where does the conversation take place probably? A.In a ball. B.In a concert. C.In a CD store. 2.Why did the man go to Beijing last weekend? A.To meet his friend. B.To do shopping. C.To have lunch. 3.What does the woman think of her old roommate? A.Selfish. B.Thoughtful. C.Careless. 4.What does the man think is most needed to succeed? A.Effort. B.Luck. C.Talent. 5.Why does the man play soccer? A.To attend a game. B.To keep healthy C.To have fun 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6.What did the man do last night? A.He went to a party. B.He visited a friend. C.He watched a table-tennis game. 7.What does the woman think of the game? A.Boring. B.Interesting. C.Exciting. 8.What do we know about the man? A.He doesn't want to watch games on TV. B.He is quite a table-tennis fan. C.He regrets missing the game. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 9What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Host and guest. B.Doctor and patient. C.Reporter and interviewee. 10.Who might receive help from Mia? A.Patients with serious illness. B.Students under heavy pressure. C.Children with bad teeth. 11.How long has Mia been working for Dr Smith? A.For about four months. B.For about six months. C.For about ten months. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 12.What do people mean by saying they never dream? A.They forget about their dreams. B.They don't want to tell the truth. C.They have important dreams. 13.Why did Tom stop having dreams? A.He got a serious heart attack. B.He was too sad about his brother's death. C.He was frightened by u terrible event. 4.What is the speaker's opinion about dreaming? A.It is very useful. B.It makes things worse. C.It stops the mind from working. 15.What is the function of dreaming according to the speaker? A.To sleep better. B.To recover from illnesses. C.To stay away from their problems. 二、单项选择 1. The kind lady said she received much _______ help from her neighbors as she was in trouble. A. innovative B. complicated C. permanent D. enthusiastic 2. These pills should . You’ll feel much better in no time. A. do the trick B. fall behind C. come to life D. hurry away 3. Please trust me. I guarantee ______ your goods within a week. A. delivering B. to be delivered C. being delivered D. to deliver 4. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods. A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth 5. We should carry on with the belief that our efforts will ________ someday. A. go wild B. take off C. pay off D. give way 6. Hofman’s large sculptures are ______ all over the world. The story of Dragon Gate ______ for him when he visited Wuzhen. A. in motion; went wild B. in a row; gave way C. beyond expectations; carried on D. on display; came to life 7. Ants live and work together. The individual ant has its responsibilities, ________ is necessary for the community to function. A. each of them B. each of which C. all of which D. all of them 8. William was brought up in a family ______ all the members got higher education, most of ______ do the jobs connected with finance. A. which, who B. which, whom C. where, whom D. that, who 9. To save energy, don’t forget___________ the light before you leave the room. A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off D. turned off 10. We regret you that it was our fault for not keeping you on the recent development of the project. A. informing; informing B. informing; to be informed C. to inform; informed D. to inform; to inform 11. Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A. Prepared B. Having prepared C. Prepare D. Being prepared 12. On the first day of new term, we remained __________, waiting for our new teacher turning up. A. seating B. being seated C. seated D. seat 13. ________he couldn’t understand was ________ fewer and fewer young people showed interest in traditional folk art. A. It; that B. It; what C. What; that D. What; it 14. The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A. has studied; didn’t find B. studied; haven’t found C. has been studying; haven’t found D. had studied; hadn’t found 15. Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains. A. could have enjoyed B. may enjoy C. must have enjoyed D. can enjoy 三 、完形填空 My son Dan was going to fly out to France in a couple of hours. When we had to say ____16____, I looked closely at his face. I thought about providing him with some ____17____, but not a sound came from my lips. I knew this wasn’t the first time I had let such a (n) ____18____ pass me by. When Dan was a little boy, I followed him to the bus on his ____19____ day in preschool. He looked at me when the bus stopped. What’s it like, Dad? Can I do it? And then he ____20____ the bus and disappeared. The bus drove away. And I hadn’t said a word. Fifteen years later, something ____21____ took place. His mother and I drove him to university. When it was time to say goodbye, I ____22____ to come up with something to say. ____23____, the words let me down. There was one chance I didn’t ____24____, however. One day I advised Dan to take a year’s sabbatical (休假) after he graduated from university. I said he should travel around the world, _____25_____ I believed that was the best way for him to get a deeper understanding of life. Dan thought it probably was not a bad _____26_____. The night before he _____27_____ for his trip, I lay twisting and turning in bed, _____28_____ about what to tell him. I couldn’t _____29_____ anything. Maybe, I thought, it wasn’t really _____30_____. But when I stood in front of Dan, I knew saying something really did _____31_____ something. “Dan,” I finally said, “if I had the _____32_____, I would have chosen you every time.” That was all I could say. I was not sure whether he _____33_____ what I meant. But then he stepped towards me and put his arms around me. For a short while, the world and everything in it _____34_____, only Dan and me were there. What I told Dan was simple and _____35_____. It was nothing. And yet it was everything. 16. A. goodbye B. hello C. sorry D. please 17. A. advice B. money C. support D. fun 18. A. mistake B. opportunity C. challenge D. award 19. A. busiest B. only C. best D. first 20. A. took off B. maxed out C. popped up D. got on 21. A. important B. clear C. unique D. similar 22. A. tried B. started C. continued D. invited 23. A. Besides B. Again C. Therefore D. Moreover 24. A. provide B. create C. deserve D. miss 25. A. or B. but C. because D. so 26. A. idea B. excuse C. job D. answer 27. A. invested B. left C. competed D. relied 28. A. wandering B. writing C. thinking D. reading 29. A. ask for B. think of C. learn about D. look into 30. A. strange B. interesting C. helpful D. necessary 31. A. expand B. need C. mean D. argue 32. A. plan B. pace C. virtue D. choice 33. A. examined B. understood C. appreciated D. considered 34. A. waited B. changed C. disappeared D. burned 35. A. cruel B. valuable C. legal D. common 四、阅读理解 A From roller coasters to adventure tours performances to experiments, there are plenty of exciting attractions in the UK. Here is our pick of the best attractions that children can visit. The Natural History Museum Why go: This really is the grandfather of all London museums — the beauty of the building and the amazing exhibits. Look out for the whale skeleton (骨架) occupying the entry hall, but don’t miss the largest piece of gold (or a model of it)in the minerals gallery. You can easily spend a day here — tasty steaks, sandwiches and pizzas. Try to avoid weekends, because the crowds are larger. Best for: Children aged 5 and over. If time is limited, families should go quickly and directly towards the dinosaur gallery, because it’s really wonderful. Details: Entry is free, although there is a charge for some temporary exhibitions. Legoland Why go: Some 80 million Lego bricks have gone into the creation of this colourful park. There are thrilling rides and countless ways to spend money in shops. Yes, the queues can be long (unless you pay extra for the queue-jumping equipment, which is useful though it does not cover all rides). Best for: Legoland is aimed at children under 10s, with pre-schoolers particularly well catered for in Duplo Valley. Details: £32 per person; under 3s go free. 25 per cent discount for booking online more than seven days in advance. Warner Bros Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter Why go: You’ve read the books, you’ve watched the films, but no Harry Potter fan will want to miss the chance to go behind the scenes at the film studios where all eight of the movies were made. Sharing the secrets behind the most successful film series of all time and yet still managing to keep the sense of magic alive, this studio tour gives visitors access to two locations filled with original sets and costumes. Best for: Children aged 7 and over and anyone with an interest in filmmaking. Details: £39 adults; £31 children; under 4s go free. 36. What can we know about the natural history museum? A. It’s a newly opened museum. B. The dinosaur gallery is highly recommended. C. People can see the whale skeleton in the minerals gallery. D. People only need a short time to visit the whole museum. 37. Which tourist attraction offers a favorable price if you book in advance? A. The natural history museum. B. The dinosaur gallery. C. Legoland. D. The making of Harry Potter. 38. Where may Harry Potter fans want to travel? A. London museums. B. Duplo Valley. C. The minerals gallery. D. Warner Bros Studio Tour London. 39. What do the three tourist attractions have in common? A. All of them are suitable for an eight-year-old child to visit. B. The queue — jumping equipment is used in all of them. C. They are all movie-based theme attractions. D. They all serve delicious food. 40. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The natural history museum is closed on weekends. B. Duplo Valley is very attractive to primary school children. C. People need to pay a charge in the natural history museum in certain cases. D. An adult with a three-year-old child should pay 70 pounds to visit the studio tour. B Richard Totten Button was born on July 18, 1929, in Englewood, New Jersey. He and his two older brothers were raised in wealth. Button began skating when he was five years old, using his brothers’ old skates. When Button was 11 years old, he received his first pair of skates for Christmas. His first coach did not believe he had any ability and would never learn to skate. Button’s parents found him another coach, Swiss-born Lussi. For the next ten years, during his summers off from school，Button would train with Lussi in Lake Placid, New York, where the 1932 Winter Olympics had been held. Button soon proved he had great natural ability. Combined with hard training and great coaching, he soon had success in competition. In 1943, he placed second at the Eastern States championships. Showing his competitive spirit, Button was unhappy with his second place win. Later that year, he won first title. Button competed in the 1947 World Championships. He placed second, though some believed Button should have won. Button decided to change his skating style. He became more daring in his free skate. To practise for the Olympics, Button competed in the 1948 European championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Not only did this competition assist Button in preparing for the Olympic games, but it allowed him to show off his newly developed style to the judges so that it might be more favorable later on. Button impressed the judges enough to win the title. At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, Button won the gold medal with his free skate. Button cemented his status as a leading skater. In the fall of 1948, Button entered Harvard University. He could have gone to Yale University, but Yale would not let him take time off to compete as a skater. In 1952, Button graduated with his B. A. In the same year, Button repeated his gold medal victory at the Olympic Games in Oslo, Norway. Again, Button achieved something no skater had done before. 41. What made Button decide to change his skating style? A. Being looked down upon by his first coach. B. Winning the second at the Eastern States championships. C. Winning the second at the World Championships. D. Winning the first in the European championships. 42. How many gold medals in all did Button win at Olympics? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 43 Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Button was born in a poor family so he had to use his brothers’ old skates. B. Button was excited with the second place at the Eastern States championships. C. Both the two coaches thought he had the ability to skate. D. At an early age, Button showed great interest in skating. 44. What does the underlined word “cemented” in Para.6 mean? A. Established. B. Ruined. C. Shook. D. Threatened. 45. Button didn’t go to Yale University because ________. A. Yale required him to give up skating completely B. in his eyes Harvard was better than Yale C. he needed more free time to compete D. he had no confidence to graduate C Human beings tend to follow the pack. Why is that? Dr. Gregory Berns tried to answer the question in an experiment. Berns gathered some people for a test. The test was simple-to mentally rotate (转动) some 3-D shapes and compare them to see whether they were the same or different. First, the volunteers wrote down their answers privately. But then they had to give the next series of answers out loud for everyone to hear. But this test came with a surprise. One of the participants, Jocelyn, had the answers in her hand. Everyone else had been told to follow her lead, except for Tony. He was being set up to see whether he would follow the pack. When the group gave the right answer, Tony agreed. And when everyone gave the wrong answer, Tony still agreed. Tony wasn’t alone. Berns put seven other unsuspecting test subjects on the hot seat. Barbara, for example, got 70 percent on the written test, but her score fell to 30 percent when she listened to others’ answers. David and Graham, unlike the others, gave the right answers, even when the group didn’t. Berns wanted to see what was happening in the brain during his experiment. Using an fMRI, Berns found that, during the moment of decision, his subjects’ brains lit up not in the area where thinking takes place, but in the back of the brain, where vision is interpreted. Essentially, their brains were misinterpreting messages -people actually believed what others told them they were seeing, not what they saw with their own eyes. And for those who went against the group, there was another interesting result: Their brains lit up in a place called the amygdala, which Berns calls “the fear center of the brain.” “And what we are seeing here, we think, is the fear of standing alone,” Berns said. So why do people follow the pack no matter how ridiculous (荒唐的) it seems? Perhaps it’s not so much about right and wrong. It might be that our brain gets confused between what it sees and what others tell us. Just knowing that might help us guard against it. 46. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The result of the experiment. B. How the experiment was conducted. C. Why Dr. Gregory conducted the experiment. D. The science behind why people follow the pack. 47. What do we know about Tony after he listened to the majority? A. He ignored the truth. B. His test scores improved. C. He realized his mistakes. D. His teamwork spirit was inspired. 48. What led to Barbara’s behavior in the experiment? A. A part of her brain that controls fear was activated. B. A part of her brain that controls vision got confused. C. A part of her brain that controls thinking shut down. D. A part of her brain that controls language got mixed up. 49. What might be David and Graham’s worry according to Berns? A. Copying others’ behaviors. B. Giving the wrong answers. C. Failing to fit in with the group. D. Misunderstanding the rules. 50. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Should We Stand by Our Own Beliefs? B. Why Is It Hard to Tell Right from Wrong? C. Why Is It Wise to Take Advice? D. Why Do People Follow the Crowd? D Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放), and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 51. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A. poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 52. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A. Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B. Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C. The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D. Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 53. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A. Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B. His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C. Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D. Old people should use fossil fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 54. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A It is expensive and difficult to promote. B. It overestimates the household energy consumption. C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 55. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B. The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. 五、阅读表达 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 For many college students, the weekend is a time to relax, hang out with friends, or catch up on homework. However, some students are choosing to spend their weekends in different way: participating in the “Weekend Impact Program” (WIP). This program is open to students who want to help their communities while gaining valuable experiences. WIP focuses on areas such as disaster relief, elder care, and cultural preservation. Participants may help rebuild homes after natural disasters, organize events for senior citizens, or work to protect historical landmarks in their local area. Each project is designed to address specific needs while giving students the opportunity to develop important life skills. The goal of WIP is to inspire students to become more caring and engaged members of society. By participating in hands-on activities, they learn the value of teamwork, resilience, and cultural appreciation. According to recent surveys, 80% of WIP participants say the experience has helped them build confidence and find purpose in their studies. Chris Lopez, a senior in college, shared his story: “I joined WIP to gain experience for my resume, but it turned into something much bigger. It showed me how even small efforts can create meaningful change. Now, I’m considering a career in non-profit work because of what I’ve learned.” Since its creation in 2005, WIP has expanded to over 50 campuses across the country, impacting countless communities and inspiring thousands of students every year. 56. Who might show interest in the Weekend Impact Program?(No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________ 57. What is the meaning of the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2?(No more than 2 words) _______________________________________________________ 58. What does WIP aim to do? (No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________ 59. How has WIP influenced Chris Lopez? (No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________ 60. If you were part of WIP, which project would you join and why? (No more than 25 words) _______________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，学校将于下周举行10公里徒步活动。请你用英语写一份邀请函，邀请外教Chris参加本次远足活动，内容包括： (1)活动内容： (2)活动时间、地点； (3)活动意义。 参考词汇： 10公里徒步活动 a 10-km hike 注 意 ： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Jin 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年第一学期天津中学高二年级 第一次阶段性检测英语试卷 一、听力选择题 1.Where does the conversation take place probably? A.In a ball. B.In a concert. C.In a CD store. 2.Why did the man go to Beijing last weekend? A.To meet his friend. B.To do shopping. C.To have lunch. 3.What does the woman think of her old roommate? A.Selfish. B.Thoughtful. C.Careless. 4.What does the man think is most needed to succeed? A.Effort. B.Luck. C.Talent. 5.Why does the man play soccer? A.To attend a game. B.To keep healthy C.To have fun 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。 6.What did the man do last night? A.He went to a party. B.He visited a friend. C.He watched a table-tennis game. 7.What does the woman think of the game? A.Boring. B.Interesting. C.Exciting. 8.What do we know about the man? A.He doesn't want to watch games on TV. B.He is quite a table-tennis fan. C.He regrets missing the game. 听下面一段对话，回答以下小题。 9.What is the probable relationship between the speakers? A.Host and guest. B.Doctor and patient. C.Reporter and interviewee. 10.Who might receive help from Mia? A.Patients with serious illness. B.Students under heavy pressure. C.Children with bad teeth. 11.How long has Mia been working for Dr Smith? A.For about four months. B.For about six months. C.For about ten months. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 12.What do people mean by saying they never dream? A.They forget about their dreams. B.They don't want to tell the truth. C.They have important dreams. 13.Why did Tom stop having dreams? A.He got a serious heart attack. B.He was too sad about his brother's death. C.He was frightened by u terrible event. 4..What is the speaker's opinion about dreaming? A.It is very useful. B.It makes things worse. C.It stops the mind from working. 15.What is the function of dreaming according to the speaker? A.To sleep better. B.To recover from illnesses. C.To stay away from their problems. 二、单项选择 1. The kind lady said she received much _______ help from her neighbors as she was in trouble. A. innovative B. complicated C. permanent D. enthusiastic 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位善良的女士说她有困难时得到了邻居们的热心帮助。A. innovative创新的；B. complicated复杂的；C. permanent永久的；D. enthusiastic热情的。根据“ she was in trouble”和“help from her neighbors”可知，在她有困难的时候得到了邻居热情的帮助。故选D项。 2. These pills should . You’ll feel much better in no time. A. do the trick B. fall behind C. come to life D. hurry away 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这些药丸应该会管用的。你很快就会感觉好多了。A. do the trick起作用，奏效；B. fall behind落后；C. come to life活过来；D. hurry away迅速离开。根据句意可知，空处表示“起作用，奏效”，应为do the trick，故选A项。 3. Please trust me. I guarantee ______ your goods within a week. A. delivering B. to be delivered C. being delivered D. to deliver 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：请相信我。我保证一周内交付你的货物。guarantee to do sth.保证做某事，固定搭配。主语I与deliver之间为主动关系，所以用不定式主动形式。故选D。 4. My family’s kindness, gentleness and companionship have made my life ______ living. It is also great to see something ______ of note during my walk through the woods. A. worthy; worthy B. worth; worthy C. worth; worthwhile D. worthwhile; worth 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：家人的善良、温柔和陪伴使我的生命值得活下去。在我穿过树林的时候看到一些值得注意的东西也很棒。A. worthy值得的；worthy值得的；B. worth值得的；worthy值得的；C. worth值得的；worthwhile值得的；D.worthwhile值得的；worth值得的。第一个设空处为形容词作宾语补足语，空后为living，固定短语worth doing“值得做……”。故第一空为worth；第二个设空处为形容词作后置定语，worthy of +n./being done意为“值得……”，worthy of note意为“值得做……”，第二空应填worthy。故选B。 5. We should carry on with the belief that our efforts will ________ someday. A. go wild B. take off C. pay off D. give way 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们应该坚持下去，相信我们的努力总有一天会得到回报。A. go wild发狂，兴奋；B. take off起飞；C. pay off取得成功，得到回报；D. give way倒塌，让步。根据句意和“our efforts”可知，此处指努力终会有回报。故选C。 6. Hofman’s large sculptures are ______ all over the world. The story of Dragon Gate ______ for him when he visited Wuzhen. A. in motion; went wild B. in a row; gave way C. beyond expectations; carried on D. on display; came to life 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语和动词短语辨析。句意：霍夫曼的大型雕塑在世界各地展出。当他参观乌镇时，龙门的故事对他来说变得生动起来。A. in motion在运动中，在运转中；went wild变得疯狂，失去控制；B. in a row连续地，一个接一个地；gave way让步，屈服；C. beyond expectations出乎意料；carried on继续进行；D. on display在展出，在陈列中；came to life变得活跃起来，开始生动起来。第一空根据“Hofman’s large sculptures”可知，是雕塑在展出，第二空根据“The story of Dragon Gate”可知，是龙门的故事开始变得生动起来。故选D。 7. Ants live and work together. The individual ant has its responsibilities, ________ is necessary for the community to function. A. each of them B. each of which C. all of which D. all of them 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：蚂蚁们共同生活并协同工作。每只蚂蚁都有自己的职责，而这些职责对于整个群体的正常运转都是必不可少的。空前有谓语动词has，空后有谓语动词is，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为responsibilities，结合从句谓语is以及句意可知，从句指“职责中的每一个对于整个群体的正常运转都是必不可少的”，“……中的每一个”为each of...，关系词指代先行词，作of宾语，指物，用关系代词which，构成“介词+关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，故选B项。 8. William was brought up in a family ______ all the members got higher education, most of ______ do the jobs connected with finance. A. which, who B. which, whom C. where, whom D. that, who 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：威廉在一个所有成员都受过高等教育的家庭中长大，他们中的大多数人都从事与金融有关的工作。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词family，在从句作地点状语，应用关系副词where；第二空为介词+关系代词结构引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词members，作介词的宾语，指人，应用关系代词whom。故选C。 9. To save energy, don’t forget___________ the light before you leave the room. A. turn off B. turning off C. to turn off D. turned off 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了节约能源，离开房间前别忘了关灯。“forget to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“忘记去做某事（事情还未做）”，此处“关灯”这件事还没做，用动词不定式作宾语。故选C项。 10. We regret you that it was our fault for not keeping you on the recent development of the project. A. informing; informing B. informing; to be informed C. to inform; informed D. to inform; to inform 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们很遗憾地通知您，没有及时通知您项目的最新进展，这是我们的失误。分析句子结构可知，第一空为非谓语动词作regret的宾语，根据regret to do sth.意为“遗憾要做某事”和regret doing sth.意为“后悔做了某事”，并结合句意可知，动作将要发生，所以应为不定式形式作宾语，应为to inform；第二空为“keep+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处应为非谓语动词作宾补，结合句意，宾语you与inform之间为被动关系，所以此处应使用过去分词形式informed。故选C项。 11. Many people have no idea what to do when a disaster strikes. _______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival. A. Prepared B. Having prepared C. Prepare D. Being prepared 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当灾难发生时，很多人都不知道该做什么。做好准备是提高生存几率的最佳方法。“_______ is the best way to increase your chances of survival.”中is之前的部分应为句子的主语，因此需要使用动名词形式或动名词短语作主语。prepare“准备”，be prepared“准备妥当”。选项A为过去式或过去分词，不可作主语；选项B为动名词的完成式，强调“准备”的动作先于谓语动作发生，但此处未明确表达此时间关系；选项C为动词原形，不能直接作主语；选项D为动名词的一般式，符合语法要求，表示“处于准备状态”的概念，适合充当句子主语。故选D。 12. On the first day of new term, we remained __________, waiting for our new teacher turning up. A. seating B. being seated C. seated D. seat 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词或过去分词。句意：在新学期的第一天，我们兴奋地坐在教室里，等待着新老师的到来。 分析句子可知，remain是系动词，接形容词seated作表语，表示“坐”的状态，也可以看作过去分词作表语，seat与主语we是被动关系，用过去分词seated表示被动。故选C。 13. ________he couldn’t understand was ________ fewer and fewer young people showed interest in traditional folk art. A. It; that B. It; what C. What; that D. What; it 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：他无法理解的是，为什么越来越少的年轻人对传统民间艺术感兴趣。第一空为连接词引导主语从句，且在从句中作“understand”的宾语，指代“事物”，应用what；第二空为连词引导表语从句，从句不缺成分，且句意完整，所以第二空需用连接词that，无实义，只起连接作用。故选C项。 14. The research team _________ the effects of sleep shortage on memory since last year, but they _________ any results yet. A has studied; didn’t find B. studied; haven’t found C. has been studying; haven’t found D. had studied; hadn’t found 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究团队从去年开始就一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，但他们还没有发现任何结果。第一个空，根据时间状语“since last year”可知，此处表示从去年开始一直持续到现在的动作，且可能继续持续下去，因此应用现在完成进行时，即has been studying，表示研究团队从去年开始一直在研究睡眠不足对记忆的影响，强调动作的延续性。第二个空，根据“yet”可知，此处表示到目前为止还没有发现任何结果，应用现在完成时，即haven’t found。故选C。 15. Zhang Guimei, a famous moral model, ________ a better life, but caring for neither, she devoted herself to changing the fates of children in the mountains. A. could have enjoyed B. may enjoy C. must have enjoyed D. can enjoy 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：张桂梅，一位著名的道德模范，本可以享受更好的生活，但两者她都不关心，她致力于改变山区儿童的命运。根据情态动词的用法，表示“原本……”含义的情态动词结构为：could have + 过去分词，A项“could have enjoyed(本能够享受)”与句子表达的含义一致，故选A项。 三 、完形填空 My son Dan was going to fly out to France in a couple of hours. When we had to say ____16____, I looked closely at his face. I thought about providing him with some ____17____, but not a sound came from my lips. I knew this wasn’t the first time I had let such a (n) ____18____ pass me by. When Dan was a little boy, I followed him to the bus on his ____19____ day in preschool. He looked at me when the bus stopped. What’s it like, Dad? Can I do it? And then he ____20____ the bus and disappeared. The bus drove away. And I hadn’t said a word. Fifteen years later, something ____21____ took place. His mother and I drove him to university. When it was time to say goodbye, I ____22____ to come up with something to say. ____23____, the words let me down. There was one chance I didn’t ____24____, however. One day I advised Dan to take a year’s sabbatical (休假) after he graduated from university. I said he should travel around the world, _____25_____ I believed that was the best way for him to get a deeper understanding of life. Dan thought it probably was not a bad _____26_____. The night before he _____27_____ for his trip, I lay twisting and turning in bed, _____28_____ about what to tell him. I couldn’t _____29_____ anything. Maybe, I thought, it wasn’t really _____30_____. But when I stood in front of Dan, I knew saying something really did _____31_____ something. “Dan,” I finally said, “if I had the _____32_____, I would have chosen you every time.” That was all I could say. I was not sure whether he _____33_____ what I meant. But then he stepped towards me and put his arms around me. For a short while, the world and everything in it _____34_____, only Dan and me were there. What I told Dan was simple and _____35_____ It was nothing. And yet it was everything. 16. A. goodbye B. hello C. sorry D. please 17. A. advice B. money C. support D. fun 18. A. mistake B. opportunity C. challenge D. award 19. A. busiest B. only C. best D. first 20. A. took off B. maxed out C. popped up D. got on 21. A. important B. clear C. unique D. similar 22. A. tried B. started C. continued D. invited 23. A. Besides B. Again C. Therefore D. Moreover 24. A. provide B. create C. deserve D. miss 25. A. or B. but C. because D. so 26. A. idea B. excuse C. job D. answer 27. A. invested B. left C. competed D. relied 28. A. wandering B. writing C. thinking D. reading 29. A. ask for B. think of C. learn about D. look into 30. A. strange B. interesting C. helpful D. necessary 31. A. expand B. need C. mean D. argue 32. A. plan B. pace C. virtue D. choice 33. A. examined B. understood C. appreciated D. considered 34. A. waited B. changed C. disappeared D. burned 35. A. cruel B. valuable C. legal D. common 【答案】16. A 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. D 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位不善言语的父亲，在为儿子出国送行的时候，虽然言语不多，儿子理解了父亲的真情表露，父子俩忘情拥抱的故事。 【16题详解】 考查名词和感叹词词义辨析。句意：当我们不得不说再见时，我仔细地看着他的脸。A. goodbye再见；B. hello你好；C. sorry对不起；D. please请。根据上文“My son Dan was going to fly out to France in a couple of hours.”可知，Dan马上要飞往法国了，所以这里应该是指父子俩说再见告别。故选A。 【17题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我本想给他提点建议，但我却一句话也说不出来。A. advice建议；B. money金钱；C. support支持；D. fun乐趣。根据“but not a sound came from my lips.”可知，但作者一句话也说不出来，因此儿子去远方，做父亲的本应该提供一些建议。故选A。 【18题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我知道这不是我第一次让这样的机会从我身边溜走。A. mistake错误；B. opportunity机会；C. challenge挑战；D. award奖励。根据前文“My son Dan was going to fly out to France in a couple of hours. When we had to say ____1____, I looked closely at his face. I thought about providing him with some ____2____, but not a sound came from my lips.”可知，前文提到作者想对出远门的儿子说一些话，但最终什么都没说，白白让这样的机会溜走。故选B。 【19题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Dan还是个小男孩的时候，在他上学前班的第一天，我跟着他去坐公交车。A. busiest最忙的；B. only唯一的；C. best最好的；D. first第一的。根据下文“What’s it like, Dad? Can I do it?”可知，儿子问作者学前班是怎么样的，故这是Dan上学的第一天，所以心中充满疑虑。故选 D。 【20题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：然后他上了公共汽车，消失了。A. took off脱下；B. maxed out达到上限；C. popped up出现；D. got on上（车）。根据下文中的“The bus drove away.”可知，车开走了，因此此处为Dan上了车，然后车又开走了。故选D。 【21题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：十五年后，类似的事情发生了。A. important重要的；B. clear清晰的；C. unique独特的；D. similar相似的。根据上文中的“And I hadn’t said a word.”以及下文中的“the words let me down.”可知，十五年后，类似的事情又发生了——作者仍然什么都没有说。故选D。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：到了说再见的时候，我尝试想说点什么。A. tried尝试；B. started开始；C. continued继续；D. invited邀请。根据下文“the words let me down”可知，作者尝试想说些什么，却最终什么都没说。故选A。 【23题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：再一次，言语让我失望了。A. Besides此外；B. Again再一次；C. Therefore因此；D. Moreover而且。根据上文中的“And I hadn’t said a word.”以及下文中的“the words let me down.”可知，作者在跟儿子分别之际什么都没说的事情不是第一次发生，再一次发生了。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，有一次机会我没有错过。A. provide提供；B. create创造；C. deserve值得；D. miss错过，思念。根据下文“One day I advised Dan to take a year’s sabbatical (休假) after he graduated from university.”可知，作者建议儿子在大学毕业后，修一年的假，因此这次作者没有错过这个机会，对儿子提出了有益的建议。故选D。 【25题详解】 考查连词词义辨析。句意：我说他应该周游世界，因为我相信这是他对生活有更深了解的最好方式。A. or或者；B. but但是；C. because因为；D. so所以。根据上文“travel around the world”和下文“I believed that was the best way for him to get a deeper understanding of life.”可知，环游世界是对生活更深入了解的最好方法，这是作者建议儿子去环游世界的原因，应用连词because，引导原因状语从句。故选C。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Dan认为这可能是个不错的主意。A. idea主意；B. excuse借口；C. job工作；D. answer回答。根据上文“My son Dan was going to fly out to France in a couple of hours.”可知，Dan要飞往法国，因此他认为这是个不错的主意，接受了父亲的让他去环游世界的建议。故选 A。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在他离开的前一天晚上，我躺在床上辗转反侧，不知道该对他说些什么。A. invested投资；B. left离开，启程；C. competed竞争；D. relied依靠。根据上文“My son Dan was going to fly out to France in a couple of hours.”可知，既然 Dan要去其他地方，显然就是要离开家。故选B。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. wandering闲逛；B. writing写作；C. thinking思考；D. reading阅读。根据“The night before he ____12____ for his trip,”可知，儿子就要远离家乡，作为父亲总会有些担忧，所以作者睡不着，思考应该跟儿子说些什么。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我什么也想不起来。A. ask for请求；B. think of想起；C. learn about学习；D. look into调查。根据前文“The night before he ____12____ for his trip, I lay twisting and turning in bed, ____13____ about what to tell him.”可知，作者在跟儿子分别之际想说些什么，但却想不到该说什么。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也许，我想，这真的没有必要说些什么。A. strange奇怪的；B. interesting有趣的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. necessary必要的。根据上文“I couldn’t ____14____ anything.”可知，作者想不到该说什么，因此他认为也许这真的没有必要说些什么。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但当我站在Dan面前时，我知道说点什么真的很有意义。A. expand延伸；B. need需要；C. mean意味着；D. argue争论。根据下文““Dan,” I finally said, “if I had the ____17____, I would have chosen you every time.””可知，作者最终和儿子说了一句话，因此此处意识到自己跟儿子说些什么很重要。故选C。 【32题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“Dan，”我最后说，“如果我可以选择，我每次都会选择你。”A. plan计划；B. pace步调，节奏；C. virtue道德；D. choice选择。根据下文“I would have chosen you every time”可知，作者每次都会选择儿子，因此此处为如果可以选择。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不确定他是否明白我的意思。A. examined检查；B. understood现解；C. appreciated感激；D. considered考虑。根据下文“But then he stepped towards me and put his arms around me.”可知，Dan的举动表明他理解了父亲的话，再根据But的转折语气可知，一开始作者并不确定儿子是否理解自己的话。故选B。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：刹那间，世界和其中的一切都消失了，只剩下Dan和我。A. waited等待；B. changed改变；C. disappeared消失；D. burned燃烧。根据空后的“only Dan and me were there”可知，有那么一会，作者感觉仿佛世间万物都消失了，只留下了自己和儿子。故选C。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我告诉Dan的事情简单而普通。A. cruel残忍的；B. valuable有价值的；C. legal合法的；D. common普通的。根据下文“It was nothing.”可知，作者说的话非常朴实无华，很简单，且普通。故选D。 四、阅读理解 A From roller coasters to adventure tours performances to experiments, there are plenty of exciting attractions in the UK. Here is our pick of the best attractions that children can visit. The Natural History Museum Why go: This really is the grandfather of all London museums — the beauty of the building and the amazing exhibits. Look out for the whale skeleton (骨架) occupying the entry hall, but don’t miss the largest piece of gold (or a model of it)in the minerals gallery. You can easily spend a day here — tasty steaks, sandwiches and pizzas. Try to avoid weekends, because the crowds are larger. Best for: Children aged 5 and over. If time is limited, families should go quickly and directly towards the dinosaur gallery, because it’s really wonderful. Details: Entry is free, although there is a charge for some temporary exhibitions. Legoland Why go: Some 80 million Lego bricks have gone into the creation of this colourful park. There are thrilling rides and countless ways to spend money in shops. Yes, the queues can be long (unless you pay extra for the queue-jumping equipment, which is useful though it does not cover all rides). Best for: Legoland is aimed at children under 10s, with pre-schoolers particularly well catered for in Duplo Valley. Details: £32 per person; under 3s go free. 25 per cent discount for booking online more than seven days in advance. Warner Bros Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter Why go: You’ve read the books, you’ve watched the films, but no Harry Potter fan will want to miss the chance to go behind the scenes at the film studios where all eight of the movies were made. Sharing the secrets behind the most successful film series of all time and yet still managing to keep the sense of magic alive, this studio tour gives visitors access to two locations filled with original sets and costumes. Best for: Children aged 7 and over and anyone with an interest in filmmaking. Details: £39 adults; £31 children; under 4s go free. 36. What can we know about the natural history museum? A. It’s a newly opened museum. B. The dinosaur gallery is highly recommended. C. People can see the whale skeleton in the minerals gallery. D. People only need a short time to visit the whole museum. 37. Which tourist attraction offers a favorable price if you book in advance? A The natural history museum. B. The dinosaur gallery. C. Legoland. D. The making of Harry Potter. 38. Where may Harry Potter fans want to travel? A. London museums. B. Duplo Valley. C. The minerals gallery. D. Warner Bros Studio Tour London. 39. What do the three tourist attractions have in common? A. All of them are suitable for an eight-year-old child to visit. B. The queue — jumping equipment is used in all of them. C. They are all movie-based theme attractions. D. They all serve delicious food. 40. What can be inferred from the passage? A. The natural history museum is closed on weekends. B. Duplo Valley is very attractive to primary school children. C. People need to pay a charge in the natural history museum in certain cases. D. An adult with a three-year-old child should pay 70 pounds to visit the studio tour. 【答案】36. B 37. C 38. D 39. A 40. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了三个适合孩子参观的最佳景点。 【36题详解】 细节理解题。根据The Natural History Museum部分“If time is limited, families should go quickly and directly towards the dinosaur gallery, because it’s really wonderful.(如果时间有限，家庭应迅速且直接地前往恐龙展厅，因为那里的展览真的很棒)”可知，自然历史博物馆恐龙展厅非常值得一看。故选B。 【37题详解】 细节理解题。根据Legoland部分“25 per cent discount for booking online more than seven days in advance.(提前七天以上在线预订可享受25%的折扣)”可知，如果提前预订的话，莱格兰乐园票价会比较优惠。故选C。 【38题详解】 细节理解题。根据Warner Bros Studio Tour London — The Making of Harry Potter部分“You’ve read the books, you’ve watched the films, but no Harry Potter fan will want to miss the chance to go behind the scenes at the film studios where all eight of the movies were made.(你已经读过相关书籍，也看过相关影片，但任何一位《哈利·波特》的粉丝都不会愿意错过亲临拍摄这些八部影片的电影制片厂的机会)”可知，哈利·波特的粉丝们会想去伦敦华纳兄弟工作室之旅。故选D。 【39题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一部分“Best for: Children aged 5 and over.(适合人群：5岁及以上儿童)”；第二部分“Best for: Legoland is aimed at children under 10s, with pre-schoolers particularly well catered for in Duplo Valley.(适合人群：乐高乐园专为10岁以下的儿童设计，其中多乐乐谷区域尤其适合学龄前儿童游玩)”以及第三部分“Best for: Children aged 7 and over and anyone with an interest in filmmaking.(适合人群：7岁及以上儿童以及对电影制作感兴趣的任何人)”可知，所有这些景点都适合八岁的孩子去参观。故选A。 【40题详解】 推理判断题。根据The Natural History Museum部分“Details: Entry is free, although there is a charge for some temporary exhibitions.(详情：入场免费，但部分临时展览会有收费项目)”可知，在某些情况下，人们需要在自然历史博物馆支付费用。故选C。 B Richard Totten Button was born on July 18, 1929, in Englewood, New Jersey. He and his two older brothers were raised in wealth. Button began skating when he was five years old, using his brothers’ old skates. When Button was 11 years old, he received his first pair of skates for Christmas. His first coach did not believe he had any ability and would never learn to skate. Button’s parents found him another coach, Swiss-born Lussi. For the next ten years, during his summers off from school，Button would train with Lussi in Lake Placid, New York, where the 1932 Winter Olympics had been held. Button soon proved he had great natural ability. Combined with hard training and great coaching, he soon had success in competition. In 1943, he placed second at the Eastern States championships. Showing his competitive spirit, Button was unhappy with his second place win. Later that year, he won first title. Button competed in the 1947 World Championships. He placed second, though some believed Button should have won. Button decided to change his skating style. He became more daring in his free skate. To practise for the Olympics, Button competed in the 1948 European championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia. Not only did this competition assist Button in preparing for the Olympic games, but it allowed him to show off his newly developed style to the judges so that it might be more favorable later on. Button impressed the judges enough to win the title. At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, Button won the gold medal with his free skate. Button cemented his status as a leading skater. In the fall of 1948, Button entered Harvard University. He could have gone to Yale University, but Yale would not let him take time off to compete as a skater. In 1952, Button graduated with his B. A. In the same year, Button repeated his gold medal victory at the Olympic Games in Oslo, Norway. Again, Button achieved something no skater had done before. 41. What made Button decide to change his skating style? A. Being looked down upon by his first coach. B Winning the second at the Eastern States championships. C. Winning the second at the World Championships. D. Winning the first in the European championships. 42. How many gold medals in all did Button win at Olympics? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. D. Four. 43. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Button was born in a poor family so he had to use his brothers’ old skates. B. Button was excited with the second place at the Eastern States championships. C. Both the two coaches thought he had the ability to skate. D. At an early age, Button showed great interest in skating. 44. What does the underlined word “cemented” in Para.6 mean? A. Established. B. Ruined. C. Shook. D. Threatened. 45. Button didn’t go to Yale University because ________. A. Yale required him to give up skating completely B. in his eyes Harvard was better than Yale C. he needed more free time to compete D. he had no confidence to graduate 【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要介绍了两次获得奥运会金牌的滑冰运动员Richard Totten Button的个人经历以及成就。 【41题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Button competed in the 1947 World Championships. He placed second, though some believed Button should have won. Button decided to change his skating style. He became more daring in his free skate. (巴顿参加了 1947 年的世界锦标赛。他获得了第二名，但有人认为巴顿本应获胜。巴顿决定改变他的滑冰方式。在自由滑环节，他变得更加大胆了。)”可知，在世界锦标赛中获得了第二名让他决定改变自己的滑冰风格。故选C。 【42题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, Button won the gold medal with his free skate. (在1948年于瑞士圣莫里茨举行的冬季奥运会上，巴顿凭借其自由滑项目赢得了金牌。)”和最后一段“In 1952, Button graduated with his B. A. In the same year, Button repeated his gold medal victory at the Olympic Games in Oslo, Norway. (1952年，巴顿毕业并获得了文学学士学位。同年，他在挪威奥斯陆举行的奥运会上再次获得了金牌。)”可知，他曾经两次获得奥运会的金牌，分别于1948年和1952年。故选B。 【43题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“Button began skating when he was five years old, using his brothers’ old skates. (巴顿五岁时就开始滑冰了，当时他用的是哥哥们用过的冰鞋。)”可知，D选项“在很小的时候，巴顿就对滑冰产生了浓厚的兴趣”正确。故选D。 【44题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, Button won the gold medal with his free skate. (在 1948年瑞士圣莫里茨举行的冬季奥运会上，巴顿凭借自由滑获得了金牌。)”以及后文“his status as a leading skater (顶尖滑冰选手的地位)”可知，获得金牌巩固了他顶尖滑冰选手的地位。故划线词意思是“巩固”。故选A。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He could have gone to Yale University, but Yale would not let him take time off to compete as a skater. (他本可以去耶鲁大学，但耶鲁大学不允许他请假去参加滑冰比赛。)”可知，巴顿没有去耶鲁大学读书，是因为他需要更多的时间来进行比赛。故选C。 C Human beings tend to follow the pack. Why is that? Dr. Gregory Berns tried to answer the question in an experiment. Berns gathered some people for a test. The test was simple-to mentally rotate (转动) some 3-D shapes and compare them to see whether they were the same or different. First, the volunteers wrote down their answers privately. But then they had to give the next series of answers out loud for everyone to hear. But this test came with a surprise. One of the participants, Jocelyn, had the answers in her hand. Everyone else had been told to follow her lead, except for Tony. He was being set up to see whether he would follow the pack. When the group gave the right answer, Tony agreed. And when everyone gave the wrong answer, Tony still agreed. Tony wasn’t alone. Berns put seven other unsuspecting test subjects on the hot seat. Barbara, for example, got 70 percent on the written test, but her score fell to 30 percent when she listened to others’ answers. David and Graham, unlike the others, gave the right answers, even when the group didn’t. Berns wanted to see what was happening in the brain during his experiment. Using an fMRI, Berns found that, during the moment of decision, his subjects’ brains lit up not in the area where thinking takes place, but in the back of the brain, where vision is interpreted. Essentially, their brains were misinterpreting messages -people actually believed what others told them they were seeing, not what they saw with their own eyes. And for those who went against the group, there was another interesting result: Their brains lit up in a place called the amygdala, which Berns calls “the fear center of the brain.” “And what we are seeing here, we think, is the fear of standing alone,” Berns said. So why do people follow the pack no matter how ridiculous (荒唐的) it seems? Perhaps it’s not so much about right and wrong. It might be that our brain gets confused between what it sees and what others tell us. Just knowing that might help us guard against it. 46. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The result of the experiment. B. How the experiment was conducted. C. Why Dr. Gregory conducted the experiment. D. The science behind why people follow the pack. 47. What do we know about Tony after he listened to the majority? A. He ignored the truth. B. His test scores improved. C. He realized his mistakes. D. His teamwork spirit was inspired. 48. What led to Barbara’s behavior in the experiment? A. A part of her brain that controls fear was activated. B. A part of her brain that controls vision got confused. C. A part of her brain that controls thinking shut down. D. A part of her brain that controls language got mixed up. 49. What might be David and Graham’s worry according to Berns? A. Copying others’ behaviors. B. Giving the wrong answers. C. Failing to fit in with the group. D. Misunderstanding the rules. 50. What is the best title for the text? A. Why Should We Stand by Our Own Beliefs? B. Why Is It Hard to Tell Right from Wrong? C. Why Is It Wise to Take Advice? D. Why Do People Follow the Crowd? 【答案】46. B 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是人类为何倾向于随大流（follow the pack）的现象，并通过一项实验揭示了其背后的心理和神经科学机制。 【46题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第二段“The test was simple-to mentally rotate (转动) some 3-D shapes and compare them to see whether they were the same or different. First, the volunteers wrote down their answers privately. But then they had to give the next series of answers out loud for everyone to hear.(这项测试很简单——要求受试者在脑海中旋转一些三维图形，并将它们进行对比，判断它们是相同还是不同。首先，志愿者们私下写下自己的答案。但接下来，他们必须大声说出下一组答案，让所有人都能听到。)”可知，第二段主要讲的是实验是如何进行的。故选B。 【47题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段“He was being set up to see whether he would follow the pack. When the group gave the right answer, Tony agreed. And when everyone gave the wrong answer, Tony still agreed.(托尼则是被安排来观察他是否会随大流。当小组给出正确答案时，托尼表示同意。而当所有人都给出错误答案时，托尼仍然表示同意。)”可知，Tony无视真相。故选A。 【48题详解】 细节理解题。根据倒数第四段“Using an fMRI, Berns found that, during the moment of decision, his subjects’ brains lit up not in the area where thinking takes place, but in the back of the brain, where vision is interpreted. Essentially, their brains were misinterpreting messages—people actually believed what others told them they were seeing, not what they saw with their own eyes.(通过使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）技术，伯恩斯发现，在做出决定的那一刻，受试者大脑中亮起的区域并非负责思考的区域，而是大脑后部负责视觉解读的区域。本质上，他们的大脑在误解信息——人们实际上相信的是别人告诉他们所看到的东西，而非他们亲眼所见。)”可知，大脑中控制视觉的部分混乱了导致了芭芭拉在实验中的行为。故选B。 【49题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“Their brains lit up in a place called the amygdala, which Berns calls “the fear center of the brain.” “And what we are seeing here, we think, is the fear of standing alone,” Berns said.(他们大脑中一个名为杏仁核的区域亮了起来，伯恩斯称其为“大脑的恐惧中心”。伯恩斯说：“我们认为，这里所展现的是对独立的恐惧。”)”可知，在伯恩斯看来，大卫和格雷厄姆担心的是不能融入团队。故选C。 【50题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Human beings tend to follow the pack. Why is that? Dr. Gregory Berns tried to answer the question in an experiment.(人类总是随波逐流。为什么呢？格雷戈里·伯恩斯博士试图在一个实验中回答这个问题。)”可知，本文主要讲的是人类为何倾向于随大流（follow the pack）的现象，并通过一项实验揭示了其背后的心理和神经科学机制，因此本文最好的题目是D选项“Why Do People Follow the Crowd?(为什么人们会随大流？)”。故选D。 D Average age is rising around the world — a demographic (人口统计) change that may pose a significant challenge to efforts to slow down climate change. Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests. They combined two decades, worth of data from thousands of US households and used this to build a model to reveal how energy use varied across 17 age groups between 1987 and 2009. They found that, on average, children’s energy consumption climbs as they grow up, before dipping slightly when they leave home. Consumption then rises again when people hit their 30s, before briefly dropping after 55, and then beginning to climb again. The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home. The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan (寿命) seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age. Why does demand grow so much in our 30s? “We need more of everything. More space, a bigger TV two fridges,” says Estiri. The study found that, in warmer parts of the US, energy use increases in people over the age of 65 — probably as a result of increased use of air conditioning, This suggests that there is a feedback effect between climate change and an ageing population that will only make matters worse. Heat waves have become more common in the US in recent years and are expected to become more frequent due to global warming. More older people using more electrical energy to keep cool as temperatures rise could add to emissions (排放) and thus drive more warming until our energy supply becomes entirely fossil fuel-free. “This confluence (汇集) of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thin king about,” says Estiri. Benjamin Sovacool at the University of Sussex, UK, says the work shows the importance of demographics when it comes to cutting carbon emissions. Most modelling of climate change mitigation (减缓气候变化的模型) assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time. “This study directly challenges that entire body of research by forcing it to fight with the temporality and complexity of the consumption of energy,” says Sovacool. Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. 51. By saying “not just because we tend to get wealthier” in Paragraph 2, the writer probably means that _______. A. poor people can’t bring down the high demand for energy B. a comfortable life is not the main cause of increased energy use C. there are some other reasons leading to the increase in energy consumption D. people being wealthy or not has nothing to do with the rise of energy consumption 52. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph3? A. Children consumes more energy when they leave home. B. Energy consumption drops briefly before people hit 55. C. The researchers built a model to study the data from US households. D. Energy consumption varies with the change of lifestyle and demand at different ages. 53. Which of the following statements is Hossein Estiri most likely to support? A. Energy will stop increasing when people get older. B. His research could inspire policymakers to change current policies. C. Various factors influencing energy consumption should be considered. D. Old people should use fossil, fuel-free rather than electrical energy to keep cool. 54. What is the shortcoming of most modeling of climate change mitigation? A. It is expensive and difficult to promote. B. It overestimates the household energy consumption. C. It did not take climate change adaptation into account. D. It regards energy consumption as stable or as only slightly changing. 55. What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. More emphasis should be put on people’s energy use. B. The government can’t do much without the support of the study. C. It is the buildings, not the people in side, that consume the majority of the energy. D. Policymakers have been working on how to cut down people’s energy use. 【答案】51. C 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍全球人口老龄化对能源消耗的影响及相关研究发现，探讨其与气候变化的关联。 【51题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Hossein Estiri at Harvard University and Emilio Zagheni of the Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Germany, have found that energy use increases as we get older, and not just because we tend to get wealthier. An ageing population could mean a greater proportion of society with higher energy use, their study suggests.(哈佛大学的侯赛因·埃斯蒂里和德国马克斯·普朗克人口研究学院的埃米利奥·扎格尼发现，能源使用量随着年龄增长而增加，而这不仅仅是因为我们往往会变得更富有。他们的研究表明，人口老龄化可能意味着社会中能源使用量较高的人群比例更大。)”可知，能源使用量随着年龄增长而增加，人口老龄化可能意味着社会中能源使用量较高的人群比例更大，此处强调能源消耗增加不仅归因于财富增长，还有其他因素如年龄变化，由此可知，“not just because we tend to get wealthier”意味着除财富之外还有其他因素导致能源消耗增加。故选C项。 【52题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段中的“The increase in energy use at various points in our lifespan seems to be the result of life style and how our needs change as we age.(我们生命周期中各个阶段的能源使用量增加，似乎是生活方式和需求随年龄变化的结果。)”并结合上文内容可知，第三段旨在说明能源消耗随不同年龄的生活方式和需求变化而波动。故选D项。 【53题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“The study involved factors such as income, local climate and the age, type and size of a person’s home.(该研究涉及收入、当地气候以及个人住房的年龄、类型和面积等因素。)”及第六段中的“This confluence of population, ageing and climate change on energy demand is really important to start thinking about,” says Estiri.(埃斯蒂里说：“人口、老龄化和气候变化对能源需求的共同影响确实需要开始思考。”)”可知，埃斯蒂里认为影响能源消耗的各种因素（如人口结构、气候等）需综合考虑。故选C项。 【54题详解】 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“Most modelling of climate change mitigation assumes people’s energy consumption either stays the same or only changes by a small amount over time.(大多数减缓气候变化的模型假设人们的能源消耗要么保持不变，要么随时间仅发生少量变化。)”可知，大多数气候变化缓解模型的缺点是认为能源消耗是稳定的或只是轻微的变化。故选D项。 【55题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Catherine Mitchell at the University of Exeter, UK, says the research could have an important influence on policy makers. “What the paper says is that there is a lot of work about how buildings use energy, but probably not enough about how the people in them use energy,” she says. (英国埃克塞特大学的凯瑟琳·米切尔表示，这项研究可能会对政策制定者产生重要影响。她说：“论文指出，关于建筑物如何使用能源的研究很多，但关于居住者如何使用能源的研究可能不够。”)”可知，最后一段强调应更多关注“人”的能源使用情况。故选A项。 五、阅读表达 阅读短文，并按照题目要求用英语回答问题。 For many college students, the weekend is a time to relax, hang out with friends, or catch up on homework. However, some students are choosing to spend their weekends in different way: participating in the “Weekend Impact Program” (WIP). This program is open to students who want to help their communities while gaining valuable experiences. WIP focuses on areas such as disaster relief, elder care, and cultural preservation. Participants may help rebuild homes after natural disasters, organize events for senior citizens, or work to protect historical landmarks in their local area. Each project is designed to address specific needs while giving students the opportunity to develop important life skills. The goal of WIP is to inspire students to become more caring and engaged members of society. By participating in hands-on activities, they learn the value of teamwork, resilience, and cultural appreciation. According to recent surveys, 80% of WIP participants say the experience has helped them build confidence and find purpose in their studies. Chris Lopez, a senior in college, shared his story: “I joined WIP to gain experience for my resume, but it turned into something much bigger. It showed me how even small efforts can create meaningful change. Now, I’m considering a career in non-profit work because of what I’ve learned.” Since its creation in 2005, WIP has expanded to over 50 campuses across the country, impacting countless communities and inspiring thousands of students every year. 56. Who might show interest in the Weekend Impact Program?(No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________ 57. What is the meaning of the underlined word “address” in Paragraph 2?(No more than 2 words) _______________________________________________________ 58. What does WIP aim to do? (No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________ 59. How has WIP influenced Chris Lopez? (No more than 10 words) _______________________________________________________ 60. If you were part of WIP, which project would you join and why? (No more than 25 words) _______________________________________________________ 【答案】56. Students who want to help their communities. 57. Deal with / Solve. 58. To inspire students to be more caring and engaged. 59. It made him consider a non-profit career. 60. I would join the elder care project because I enjoy helping and communicating with the elderly. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了大学生可以参与的“周末影响力计划”（WIP），该项目旨在让学生在帮助社区的同时获得宝贵经验，介绍了该项目的重点领域、目标、对学生的影响以及发展历程。 【56题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第一段“This program is open to students who want to help their communities while gaining valuable experiences.(这个项目是开放给那些想要帮助他们的社区，同时获得宝贵经验的学生)”可知，那些想在帮助社区的同时获得宝贵经验的学生会对“周末影响力计划”感兴趣。故答案为Students who want to help their communities. 【57题详解】 考查词句猜测。根据第二段“WIP focuses on areas such as disaster relief, elder care, and cultural preservation. Participants may help rebuild homes after natural disasters, organize events for senior citizens, or work to protect historical landmarks in their local area.(WIP的重点是救灾、老年人护理和文化保护等领域。参与者可以在自然灾害后帮助重建家园，为老年人组织活动，或者保护当地的历史地标)”可知，每个项目都是为了解决特定的需求而设计的，划线词意思是“解决”。故答案为Deal with / Solve. 【58题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第三段“The goal of WIP is to inspire students to become more caring and engaged members of society.(WIP的目标是激励学生成为更有爱心和参与的社会成员)”可知，目标是激励学生更有爱心，更投入。故答案为To inspire students to be more caring and engaged. 【59题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“It showed me how even small efforts can create meaningful change. Now, I’m considering a career in non-profit work because of what I’ve learned.”(它告诉我，即使是很小的努力也能带来有意义的改变。现在，由于我所学到的东西，我正在考虑从事非营利工作。”)”可知，WIP让他考虑从事非营利性职业。故答案为It made him consider a non-profit career. 【60题详解】 考查开放题。根据“如果你是WIP的一员，你会加入哪个项目？为什么？”可回答“我会参加老年护理项目，因为我喜欢帮助并与老年人交流”。故答案为I would join the elder care project because I enjoy helping and communicating with the elderly. 六、书面表达 61. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，学校将于下周举行10公里徒步活动。请你用英语写一份邀请函，邀请外教Chris参加本次远足活动，内容包括： (1)活动内容： (2)活动时间、地点； (3)活动意义。 参考词汇： 10公里徒步活动 a 10-km hike 注 意 ： (1)词数不少于100； (2)可适当加入细节，使内容充实、行文连贯。 (3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris, ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Best regards, Li Jin 【答案】Dear Chris,​ Hope you’re well! On behalf of Chenguang Middle School’s Student Union, I sincerely invite you to a 10-km hike to be held next Saturday. All the students and staff in our school will gather on the playground at 8:30 a.m., where the headmaster will stage a brief opening ceremony. Then we will walk 10 kilometers along the Green Lake. We will make a return trip to school by 5:00 p.m.​ This hike can help us relieve study pressure, improve teamwork, and know our school life and local scenery better. Please tell us if you’re available by this Wednesday. ​Looking forward to your reply.​ Best regards, ​Li Jin 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语写一份邀请函，邀请外教Chris 参加学校下周要举行的10公里徒步活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 代表：on behalf of → represent 集合：gather → assemble 缓解：relieve → ease 有空的：available → free 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：On behalf of Chenguang Middle School’s Student Union, I sincerely invite you to a 10-km hike to be held next Saturday. 拓展句：On behalf of Chenguang Middle School’s Student Union, I sincerely invite you to a 10-km hike which will be held next Saturday. 【点睛】【高分句型1】All the students and staff in our school will gather on the playground at 8:30 a.m., where the headmaster will stage a brief opening ceremony.（运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句） 【高分句型2】Please tell us if you’re available by this Wednesday.（运用了if引导的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $