精品解析：2025年全国统一考试科目指标定量检测高二英语试题(北京卷)

2025年全国统一考试科目指标定量检测（北京卷） 英语试卷 本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us. Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver. However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies, I might die too!” Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____. It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control. As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again. Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____. 1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature 2. A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security 3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked 4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared 5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously 6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing 7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest 8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival 9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy 10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve 【答案】1. A 2. C 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了得了脑癌之后，作者开始养绿植，结果因为自己的焦虑让叶子开始变黄，作者意识到了自己的错误观念，减轻了焦虑，绿植也恢复了健康。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是在我被诊断出患有脑癌之后，我喜欢我们周围有绿色和有生命的东西的想法。A. alive有生命的，活着的；B. primitive原始的；C. delicate柔和的；D. mature成熟的。根据后文“I loved the idea of having something green and”指绿色有生命的东西，故选A。 【2题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：照顾这棵植物给了我一种成就感，因为我有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用。A. warmth温暖；B. relief安慰；C. achievement成就；D. security安全。根据后文“at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited”可知，作者有时会因为行动能力有限而感到无用，所以照顾这棵植物给了自己一种成就感，故选C。 【3题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生，我已经习惯了提供护理。A. valued重视；B. needed需要；C. provided提供；D. lacked缺少。根据后文“I could still be a caregiver”指提供护理，故选C。 【4题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：给植物浇水让我想起了我过去身份的一个核心部分，并让我知道我仍然可以成为一名照顾者。A. added增加；B. connected联系；C. adapted改编；D. compared比较。根据后文“me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver”可知，给植物浇水让作者想起了过去身份的核心部分，connect sb. to表示“将……与联系”。故选B。 【5题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，在完美的条件下生长了几个星期后，植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。A. casually随意地；B. interestingly有趣地；C. genuinely真诚地；D. mysteriously难以理解地，神秘地。根据后文“No matter what I did, the leaves kept”植物开始掉叶子，可知，作者也不知为何植物难以理解地开始显示出压力的迹象。故选D。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不管我怎么做，叶子还是变黄掉到地上。A. spreading传播；B. browning褐变；C. waving挥舞；D. dancing舞蹈。根据后文“and dropping to the floor”指叶子变黄掉到地上。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但当树挣扎时，我感到越来越不安和恐惧。A. fearful害怕的；B. innocent无辜的；C. faithful忠实的；D. dishonest不诚实的。根据上文“I felt increasingly uneasy and”可知，树的状态让作者感到不安和害怕。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，当我从手术中恢复过来时，我意识到我错误地把我对植物的精心培育——我至少还能控制的事情——和我自己的生存——我无法控制的事情联系在一起。A. dream梦想；B. success成功；C. capability能力；D. survival幸存。结合上文可知作者得了癌症，所以是生存是无法控制的事情。故选D。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着我的焦虑减轻，我开始学习在线教程，弄清楚如何照顾这棵树。A. discontent不满足；B. anxiety焦虑；C. doubt怀疑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant”可知，作者明白了其中的道理，焦虑也减轻了。故选B。 【10题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，每当我看着新花盆里的树，我就会放松下来，想想我能决定的事情。A. give给予；B. share分享；C. decide决定；D. preserve保护。呼应上文“something over which I had at least some control”指作者开始思考自己能够控制决定的事情。故选C。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Auckland is the ___11___ (large) city in New Zealand. It is located on North Island. This seaside city is an important center for business, industry and culture. The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled in the area. European settlement began in 1840 when the British arrived. Since 1945, the city ___12___ (grow) and it now has large modern suburbs. Famous sights include Mount Eden, one of many large volcanoes, as well as the Auckland Harbor Bridge. In the city, you can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower, ___13___ is the city’s tallest tower. From anywhere in the city, you can see the sea. Auckland ___14___ (call) “the city of sails” because it has more boats than anywhere else in the world. 【答案】11. largest 12. has grown 13. which 14. is called 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰最大的城市——奥克兰的地理位置和城市地位。 【11题详解】 考查形容词最高级。句意：奥克兰是新西兰最大的城市。根据空前the和表示范围的短语in New Zealand可知，空处应填形容词的最高级作定语修饰名词city。large的最高级为largest。故填largest。 【12题详解】 考查时态与主谓一致。句意：自1945年以来，这座城市不断发展壮大，如今已拥有大片现代化的郊区。根据时间状语“Since 1945”可知，句子应用现在完成时，grow与主语the city之间是主动关系，且主语为单数，助动词应用has。故填has grown。 【13题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：在市区，你可以从该市最高的塔——天空塔上欣赏到令人惊叹的景色。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the Sky Tower指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 【14题详解】 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：奥克兰被称为“帆船之都”，因为这里船只数量超过了世界上任何其他地方。根据从句谓语动词has可知，句子陈述现在的事实，应用一般现在时。主语Auckland与call之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，助动词用is。故填is called。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A lot of people blame the media for encouragement of the paparazzi. Newspapers and magazines are willing to pay high prices for photographs of famous people ____15____ (take) by these self-employed photographers. According to the law in Britain, it is legal to take ____16____ (photograph) of famous people if they are in public. But the paparazzi are often prepared to risk expensive legal costs since ____17____ (sell) photographs of famous people has become big business. One very famous example is Princess Diana’s unfortunate death in 1997. 【答案】15. taken 16. photographs 17. selling 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了狗仔队现象。 【15题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：报纸和杂志愿意为这些个体摄影师拍摄的名人照片支付高价。 “photographs of famous people”与“take”之间是被动关系，即照片是被拍摄的，所以用过去分词taken作后置定语。故填taken。 【16题详解】 考查名词复数。句意：根据英国法律，如果名人在公共场合，拍摄他们的照片是合法的。“take photographs”是固定短语，意为“拍照”，photograph为可数名词，此处表示泛指，应用复数形式。故填photographs。 【17题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：但狗仔队常常愿意冒着高昂的法律费用风险，因为售卖名人照片已经成为一项大生意。“since ____3____ (sell) photographs of famous people has become big business”是原因状语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用动名词作主语。故填selling。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighborhoods around Amsterdam for people to use. The problem was ____18____ it didn’t work — thieves took all the bicycles within weeks! However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” was back in town, this time with a computer chip ____19____ (record) its every move! Today, there is already less traffic in ____20____ (centre) Amsterdam because both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes. Therefore, Amsterdam is called the “City of Bicycles”. 【答案】18. that 19. to record 20. central 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了阿姆斯特丹市的“白色自行车”计划的发展历程。 【18题详解】 考查表语从句。句意：问题在于它并没有起到作用——几周内小偷就把所有的自行车都偷走了！空处位于系动词was后引导表语从句，从句成份和意义都完整，应用that来引导。故填that。 【19题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，三十多年后，“白色自行车”又回到了这座城市，这次它装上了电脑芯片来记录它的一举一动！本句谓语动词为was，空处应为非谓语动词。此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，表明电脑芯片的作用。故填to record。 【20题详解】 考查形容词。句意：如今，由于当地居民和游客都在使用这些白色自行车，阿姆斯特丹市中心的交通流量已经有所减少。空处应为形容词作定语修饰名词Amsterdam，centre的形容词为central“中心的”。故填central。 第二部分 阅读表达（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Get involved with our research Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you. Whether it’s using your home PC, taking part in a clinical trial, or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to contribute to some of the ground-breaking projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved. Seeking poor sleepers for insomnia research Trouble sleeping? Researchers from the Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute at the University of Oxford are evaluating different interventions aimed at improving sleep. We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65. Participation will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, monitoring your sleep/wake cycle, and completing computerised tasks. Depending on the study you volunteer for, you will either undergo an online self-help treatment programme or lab-based non-invasive brain stimulation sessions prior to bedtime. You will be reimbursed for your time. If you are interested in taking part or would like more information, please contact the research team directly at insomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.uk Volunteers with lazy eye wanted We are looking for volunteers with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning study on how binocular(双眼的) vision relates to brain chemistry. We are looking for healthy, fluent English volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy eye. You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check your suitability for an MRI scan. Call 01865 223622 for more information. Oxford Vaccine Group The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary clinical trials and epidemiology group. OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, enhancing the understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases. To find out which research projects are currently recruiting volunteers, please see the OVG website or email info@ovg.ox.ac.uk . Oxford Experimental lab for the Social Sciences The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making. We pay our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don’t have to be a student to take part! Contact us at socialscience.study@ox.ac.uk for more information. 21. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To offer medical help to patients B. To look for experienced researchers C. To introduce new research programs D. To recruit volunteers for research projects 22. The goal of OVG is to _______. A. carry out clinical trials B. produce vaccines against viruses C. learn more about the immune system D. study the occurrence of infectious diseases 23. You can finish the experiment on your home PC if you join __________. A. Oxford Vaccine Group B. Insomnia research group C. Oxford Experimental lab D. Brain Scanning study group 【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇应用文。旨在通过介绍一些医药公司以便招募一些作医药研究的人。 【21题详解】 推理判断题。考查此类题型中的目的意图。首段首句Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you.和尾句Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved.我们的一些研究项目需要你这样大方的人来参与；看看适合你的空缺位置。下文最后一段也有说明recruiting，招募新人。说明此篇文章的目的意图是为研究项目招募志愿者。故选D。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。审题得知关键词是OVG的目的是。可定位于此：OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, OVG目标指向培育新的改进了的疫苗以便阻止成人和小孩被感染。可知OVG的目标是生产抗病毒疫苗。故选B。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。审题定位于此：The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making.这里关键词信息是recruiting和participate in computer-based experiments可知，牛津互联网研究所和商学院，正在招募个人参与基于计算机的实验。 所以如果你加入牛津实验室，就可以在家用电脑上完成实验。故选C。 B New rules from the China National Tourism Administration prohibit guides from steering their clients to illegal or immoral activities, such as gambling or drugs. Guides are also prohibited from forcing clients to shop at businesses during a tour, or to charge extra money against a client’s wishes, through intimidation, restricting a person’s freedom or using physical force. Those who violate the rules will have their licenses revoked(吊销), and income generated through such misbehavior will be confiscated. In addition, violators will be fined between 2,000 and 20,000 yuan($300 to $3,000). The administration said the quality of tour guides and the services they provide are key to the way the industry is perceived in China and abroad. Through the rules, which will take effect on Jan. 1st, the administration hopes to ensure healthy development of the domestic tourism market. Mr. Wang, a professor of tourism administration at Beijing International Studies University, said the new rules act as a supplement to existing tourism law. “They elaborate tour guides’ responsibilities and will be very helpful for the national tourism administration in strengthening its governance of this group of professionals,” Wang said. The 2001 regulations listed some prohibited behaviors, and guides who were found in violation would have points taken away from their annual scores. In 2015 and 2016, many media reports appeared about misbehaving tour guides at popular destinations. Guide services start with 10 points each year. Points are required to maintain a license, so if all 10 are lost, the guide service is shut down. The new rules describe situations beyond what were in the 2001 regulations, and cover circumstances in which a tour guide would be in violation and punishments are laid out in detail, noting that some of the examples reflect situations that have been reported domestically in recent years. Forced shopping, verbal abuse of clients and even abandoning clients half way through a tour were among the misdeeds. 24. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A newspaper. B. A tour guide’s diary. C. The 2001 regulations. D. China National Tourism Administration. 25. What does the underlined word “They” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. The tourists. B. The new rules. C. The tour guides. D. The 2001 regulations. 26. Which of the following statements about the new rules is true? A. They will replace the 2001 regulations. B. They are replacements of the existing tourism law. C. They cover more detailed description as a supplement. D. They will act as new tourism standards replacing the old ones. 27. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. there will be more misbehaving tour guides B. many travel agencies will go out of business C. more misdeeds will appear at popular destinations D. the domestic tourism market will be more normal 【答案】24. A 25. B 26. C 27. D 【解析】 【分析】本文介绍旅游法的新规定。新规定是对现行旅游法的补充。 【24题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段New rules from the China National Tourism Administration prohibit guides from steering their clients to illegal or immoral activities, such as gambling or drugs.可知，这是来自the China National Tourism Administration的旅游新规定，故排除B/D；再根据The 2001 regulations listed some prohibited behaviors可知，是借鉴了2001年的规则，故排除C，由此推知这篇文章最有可能来自一份报纸。故选A。 【25题详解】 代词指代题。根据第四段Mr. Wang, a professor of tourism administration at Beijing International Studies University, said the new rules act as a supplement to existing tourism law. （北京外国语大学旅游管理教授王先生说，新规定是对现行旅游法的补充。）“They elaborate tour guides’ responsibilities and will be very helpful for the national tourism administration in strengthening its governance of this group of professionals,”（它们详细阐述了导游的职责，对国家旅游局加强对这群专业人士的管理非常有帮助）由此推知，they指的是上文提到的new rules（新规则），故选B。 【26题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中“They elaborate tour guides’ responsibilities and will be very helpful for the national tourism administration in strengthening its governance of this group of professionals”可知，新规则详细阐述了导游职责，也就是将更详细的描述作为补充。故选C。 【点睛】代词指代题要求同学们根据语境的逻辑关系、判断画线的人称代词或指示代词在文章中指代的对象，包括考查it（指动物，无生命的事物、特定的事件或人），they/them(指代人、物、事件的复数名词)，he/she等人称代词的指代意义，以及指示代词this，that，these，those等在文章中的指代意义，考查同学们对文章中叙述特定的人，物，事件的认知能力。解答这类题时，同学们要认真阅读画线词所在句和前后临近句的内容，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，理清来龙去脉和前后的因果关系，从而准确推断其指代的对象。本题第3小题，根据they前一句Mr. Wang, a professor of tourism administration at Beijing International Studies University, said the new rules act as a supplement to existing tourism law.以及they所在句子“They elaborate tour guides’ responsibilities and will be very helpful for the national tourism administration in strengthening its governance of this group of professionals,可知，此处they指的是“旅游新规则”，这份新规则详细阐述了导游的职责。 【27题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中The new rules describe situations beyond what were in the 2001 regulations, and cover circumstances in which a tour guide would be in violation and punishments are laid out in detail, noting that some of the examples reflect situations that have been reported domestically in recent years.（新规则描述的情况超出了2001年的规定，涵盖了导游违规的情况，并详细列出了惩罚措施，并指出其中一些例子反映了近年来在国内报道的情况。）可知，从这篇文章中，新规则规定更加详细明确，据此可推断出国内旅游市场在新规定下将更加正常。故选D。 C Many people think that communication is the source of most of their work-related conflicts but they'd be wrong. In a work context, more conflicts come from structural relationships and personal differences than communication itself. Organizations create job descriptions, specialized work groups, and authority relationships, all with the intent to improve coordination (协调). But in doing so, they separate people and create the potential for conflicts. For instance, departments within organizations have diverse goals. Purchasing is concerned with the timely acquisition of materials and supplies at low prices; quality control's attention is focused on improving quality and ensuring that the organization's products meet standard…When groups within an organization seek diverse ends, there is increased potential for conflicts. Have you ever met people to whom you took an immediate disliking? Most of the opinions they expressed, you disagreed with. Even insignificant characteristics-the way they cocked their head when they talked or smirked when they smiled-annoyed you. We've all met people like that, and many of us have to work with people like this. Today's organizations are increasingly diverse in terms of age, gender and race. So, not surprisingly, employees differ on the importance they place on general values such as responsibility, equality and ambition. They also differ on job-related values such as the importance of family over work or freedom against authority. These differences often surface in work-related interactions and create significant interpersonal conflicts. The above doesn't mean that communication can't be a source of conflicts. It can. Differing word connotations, insufficient exchange of information, poor listening skills, and the like, create conflicts. But the belief that “we can deal with our differences if we just communicate more” is not necessarily true. The evidence actually shows that the potential for conflicts increases when there is too much communication as well as when there's too little. So when you're trying to manage conflicts, take a thoughtful look at their source. It's more likely that the conflict is coming from work-related requirements, personality differences, or dissimilar values, it is from poor communication. And that might influence the actions you take to resolve the conflict. 28. From Para.2, we know that in an organization, __________. A. job descriptions can effectively improve cooperation B. different goals of branches may cause disagreements C. division of labor usually results inharmonious relationship D. the setting of different departments is to encourage competition 29. The author holds that __________. A. fewer conflicts will appear if we communicate more B. most people share similar values in the same organization C. communication is just one of the reasons for most conflicts D. we'd better calm down before taking action when in conflict 30. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. 【答案】28. B 29. C 30. B 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了许多人认为沟通是他们大部分与工作相关的冲突的根源，但他们错了。在工作环境中，更多的冲突来自结构性关系和个人差异，而不是沟通本身。 【28题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“But in doing so, they separate people and create the potential for conflicts. For instance, departments within organizations have diverse goals.(但这样做的时候，他们会把人们分开，并产生冲突的可能性。例如，组织中的部门有不同的目标)”可知，我们知道在一个组织中，分支机构的不同目标可能引起分歧。故选B。 【29题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The evidence actually shows that the potential for conflicts increases when there is too much communication as well as when there's too little.(有证据表明，当沟通过多或过少时，发生冲突的可能性会增加)”可知，作者认为，交流只是大数冲突的原因之一。故选C。 【30题详解】 推理判断题。本文采用的是“总一分一总”式的论述方式。第一段提出论点：冲突来自两个方面，即大多数冲突更多来源于结构性的关系和个人差异，而不是交流本身。第二段的关键词是 potential，讲冲突的潜在；第三、四段描述具体的冲突；第五段对上述前四段的一个反面论述，讲述交流带来的冲突；第六段总结全文。故选B。 D The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart — the main pump had failed and his heart was beating irregularly and far too fast. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good. In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing looms especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes. However, if a patient had a stroke and was not on warfarin, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients. These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed. But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society. For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening. Humans are susceptible to emotional and often irrational thinking when processing information, adverse events and mistakes. As much as we don’t want to cause an unfortunate event to recur — in a medical setting or in the wider world — we need to be aware that a worst case scenario doesn’t necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion. I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too. 31. The first two paragraphs suggest that ______ A. Bad medical outcomes affect doctors. B. Delivering babies can be difficult work. C. Some doctors are not very experienced. D. Doctors sometimes make silly mistakes. 32. In the blood-thinner study, doctors ______. A. tend to prescribe less effective medicine B. are more concerned about the patients’ safety C. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding D. become less confident in writing certain prescriptions 33. The author develops his idea mainly by ______. A. giving examples B. making comparisons C. using metaphors D. quoting famous sayings 34. The author will probably agree that ______. A. we shouldn’t doubt our own decisions B. our experience will pave way for our future C. humans are emotional and irrational on the whole D. instincts don’t necessarily lead to wrong directions 【答案】31. A 32. D 33. A 34. D 【解析】 【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议。文章通过作者自己的经历论述了，人类在处理信息、不良事件和错误时易受情绪化和非理性思维的影响，会过度思考，此时我们就不能依赖于基于我们所知或所经历的思考，反而要相信直觉。 【31题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段中的“Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management.”（后来，每当我遇到这样的病例时，我都会怀疑自己的临床管理。）和第二段 “In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results.”（在一篇工作论文中，埃默里大学的研究人员发现，当医生接生婴儿时出现不良后果时，他们更有可能对下一个病人改用不同的接生方式，这往往是不必要的，有时甚至会带来更糟糕的结果。），可推断出糟糕的医疗结果影响医生。故选A项。 【32题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段中的“A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes.”（2006年的一项研究发现，如果患者在服用华法林后出现出血，医生给后续患者开预防中风的血液稀释剂的可能性要低20%。），可推断出在血液稀释剂研究中，一旦病人服用华法林后出现出血后，医生们在开某些处方时变得不那么自信。故选D项。 【33题详解】 推理判断题。由第一段讲述“自己遇到的病例情况”，第二段的“医生接生案例”，第三四段的“2006年关于给患者开预防中风的血液稀释剂的研究”和第六段的“2001年佛罗里达州禁止鲨鱼进食探险的例子”，可推断出作者主要是通过举例来发展自己的观点。故选A项。 【34题详解】 推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的“When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion.”（当我们过度思考时，我们就不能依赖于基于我们所知或所经历的思考。相反，我们可能会无意中过度分析，得出错误的结论。）和最后一段中的“Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too.”（我相信自己的临床直觉，坚持到底，而不是事后猜测。所有的病人都活了下来。你也应该相信你的直觉。），可推断出作者认为 直觉不一定会导致错误的方向。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Apathy Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. ____35____They may also exhibit unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His works. ___36___ Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics (禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one's control. The modern concept of apathy became well known after World War I, when it was called “shell shock. " Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.______37______In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote "Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. " US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the concerns about political indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏)．___38___ There may be other things contributing to a person's political apathy. Activist Dave Meslin argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and involvement. He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something,____39____These include: political media that make it difficult for potentially interested individuals to find relevant information, and media descriptions of heroes as "chosen" by outside forces rather than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy not as a population that is stupid or lazy, but as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to invite others to participate. A. It will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference. B. Apathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life. C. The word "dispassion" is used for "apatheia", so as not to confuse it with apathy. D. He focuses on design choices that unintentionally or intentionally exclude people. E. So they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction. F. Although the word "apathy" originates from "apatheia", it is important not to confuse the two terms. G. Author John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people, in which they get a sense that "nothing matters". 【答案】35. B 36. F 37. E 38. A 39. D 【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要向我们描述了冷淡和冷漠情绪的差别，以及冷漠这种情绪产生的原因。 【35题详解】 结合上文Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern.(冷漠是一种缺乏兴趣、热情或关心的状态)可知，此处是在描述冷漠的特点，本句承接上文继续说明冷漠的人具有在生活中缺乏目标感或意义的特点，故B选项“冷漠的人可能在生活中缺乏目标感或意义”符合上下文语境。故选B。 【36题详解】 根据下文Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics (禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one's control.(“apatheia”一词在希腊语中也有“缺乏激情”的意思，禁欲主义者用它来表示对无法控制的事件和事物漠不关心的理想状态)可知，此处引入一个新词apatheia，而且其后的文字都是围绕介绍apathetic展开，突出了apatheia这个词和 apathy的区别。故F选项“虽然“apathy”一词来源于“apatheia”，但是不要把这两个词混淆了”符合上下文语境。故选F。 【37题详解】 根据上文Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.(士兵们生活在爆炸和炮火战壕里，看到战场上到处都是死伤同伴)以及后文In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote "Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. "( 1950年，美国小说家帕索斯写道:“冷漠是任何活着的人面对太紧张或太复杂的事情时的典型反应之一。”)可推知，战士们经历过战场上非常紧张的事情后，往往会逐渐对正常的社交产生一种脱节的麻木感，且E选项中they可对应上文soldiers。故E选项“因此，他们逐渐对正常的社会交往产生了一种脱节的麻木感”符合上下文语境。故选E。 【38题详解】 根据上文He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush.(他声称民主的死亡不太可能是一场突然的伏击谋杀)中the death of democracy与A选项中it相对应，故A选项“这将是一个逐渐摆脱冷漠和冷漠的缓慢过程”符合上下文语境。故选A。 【39题详解】 根据上文He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something(他描述了各种各样的障碍，这些障碍使人们不知道他们如何或为什么会卷入某件事)及主语一致原则，句式一致原则可知，最后一段空格前后的两个相同主语He，He加动词的句式可对应到D选项中“He focuses on”，故D选项“他关注的是无意或有意将人排除在外的设计选择”符合上下文语境。故选D。 【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。如第五小题，根据上文He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something(他描述了各种各样的障碍，这些障碍使人们不知道他们如何或为什么会卷入某件事)及主语一致原则，句式一致原则可知，最后一段空格前后的两个相同主语He，He加动词的句式可对应到D选项中“He focuses on”，故D选项“他关注的是无意或有意将人排除在外的设计选择”符合上下文语境。故选D。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，42题3分，44题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 The Weight of White Lies A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine. Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego. Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts. People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.” In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second. 40. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)? ________________ 41. What are the ways to kindly deceive others? ________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. ________________ 43. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 【答案】40. ①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 41. Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 42. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements.According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 43. I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了善意谎言的分量以及相关实验和研究。 【40题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第二段“Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire.(即使是善意的欺骗形式也有可接受的程度，而那些知道自己被误导的人并不总是像骗子那样看待它。例如，一个旨在增强某人信心或阻止一个坏习惯的谎言，通常涉及对那个人最好的判断。这种假设可能会适得其反)”可知，当人们说善意的谎言时，他们的假设是他们认为他们所做的是对那个人最好的，是可以接受的。或它通常包括判断什么对那个人是最好的。故答案为①They think what they do is best for that person and can be acceptable. ②It often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. 41题详解】 考查细节理解。根据第四段“Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts.(不过，编造谎言并不是善意欺骗的唯一方式：你也可以简单地忽略不愉快的事实)”可知，善意欺骗别人的方法有编造谎言，忽略令人不快的事实。故答案为Making up falsehoods and leaving out unpleasant facts. 【42题详解】 考查细节理解。根据倒数第二段“But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission.(但那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持性的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍)”可知，错误的部分为“lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements”，根据这篇文章，那些被欺骗的人通常认为虚假但支持的陈述比遗漏的谎言更容易容忍。（划线部分是错误的，因为它与文中的陈述相反）故答案为Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. According to the passage, those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. (The underlined part is false because it is contrary to the statement in the text.) 【43题详解】 考查开放题。根据“当你告诉你的朋友一些不愉快的事情时，你是喜欢诚实还是善意的谎言？为什么？”可回答：我更喜欢诚实。众所周知，诚实是与朋友交往的上策，这有助于保持珍贵的友谊。虽然这可能会让人不舒服，但诚实可以建立信任，防止进一步的误解或冲突。相反，善意的谎言会破坏信任，从长远来看会导致更严重的问题。故答案为I prefer to be honest. As is known to all, honesty is the best policy when communicating with friends, which contributes to the maintenance of cherished friendship. While it may be uncomfortable, honesty builds trust and prevents further misunderstandings or conflicts. On contrast, white lies can damage trust and lead to more significant problems in the long run. 第二节（20分） 44. 你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他所在的学校组织学生今年暑期来北京参加中国传统技能夏令营，他很感兴趣，有两种可以选择：“中国书法夏令营”或者“中国武术夏令营”。Jim 希望你能给些建议。请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 你建议班型； 2. 你的理由； 3. 你的祝愿。 注意：1. 词数不少于100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：中国书法 Chinese Calligraphy 武术 martial art Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I’m thrilled to hear about your summer camp plans in Beijing! Based on your interests, I strongly recommend the Chinese Calligraphy camp. Firstly, calligraphy is a profound art form deeply rooted in Chinese culture. Unlike martial art which requires physical strength, calligraphy focuses on patience and inner peace. As a beginner, you’ll find it easier to grasp basic brush techniques while appreciating the beauty of Chinese characters. Secondly, it offers lasting value: you can take home your own artwork as a meaningful souvenir. I believe this experience will deepen your understanding of Chinese traditions in a relaxing way. Wish you an unforgettable summer filled with inspiration! Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给Jim回信，说明建议的班型、建议的理由并给出祝愿。 【详解】1.词汇积累 激动：thrilled→excited 欣赏：appreciate→admire 集中：focus on→concentrate on 掌握：grasp→master 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Based on your interests, I strongly recommend the Chinese Calligraphy camp. 拓展句：Since you show interest in Chinese traditional culture, I strongly recommend the Chinese Calligraphy camp. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Unlike martial art which requires physical strength, calligraphy focuses on patience and inner peace.（运用了which引导定语从句） 【高分句型2】I believe this experience will deepen your understanding of Chinese traditions in a relaxing way.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025年全国统一考试科目指标定量检测（北京卷） 英语试卷 本试卷共12页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。 第一部分 知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My wife and I usually don’t keep houseplants. Anything in pots gets either overwatered or underwatered. But after my diagnosis with a brain cancer, I loved the idea of having something green and ____1____ around us. Last year, my friend Mitch gave me a lucky bamboo plant. Tending to the plant gave me a sense of ____2____ at a time when I sometimes felt useless because my ability to move was limited. As a physician, I was used to being the one who ____3____ care. Watering the plant ____4____ me to a core part of my old identity and taught me I could still be a caregiver. However, after several weeks growing in perfect condition, the plant ____5____ began to show signs of stress. No matter what I did, the leaves kept ____6____ and dropping to the floor. “I can’t even care for a simple plant!” I yelled. “If my lucky bamboo dies I might die too!” Identifying with the green and growing plant had offered me comfort. But when the tree was struggling, I felt increasingly uneasy and ____7____. It was several months later when I recovered from surgery that I realized I had wrongly linked my careful nurturing of the plant—something over which I had at least some control—with my own ____8____—something over which I had no control. As my ____9____ lessened, I began to study online tutorials to figure out how to care for the tree. I transplanted it to a larger pot, and when it was back in the sunny window, we both began to thrive (旺盛) again. Now whenever I look at the tree in its new pot, I make a point to relax and think of the things I can ____10____. 1. A. alive B. primitive C. delicate D. mature 2. A. warmth B. relief C. achievement D. security 3. A. valued B. needed C. provided D. lacked 4. A. added B. connected C. adapted D. compared 5. A. casually B. interestingly C. genuinely D. mysteriously 6. A. spreading B. browning C. waving D. dancing 7. A. fearful B. innocent C. faithful D. dishonest 8. A. dream B. success C. capability D. survival 9. A. discontent B. anxiety C. doubt D. sympathy 10. A. give B. share C. decide D. preserve 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Auckland is the ___11___ (large) city in New Zealand. It is located on North Island. This seaside city is an important center for business, industry and culture. The history of the city goes back 650 years when the Maoris settled in the area. European settlement began in 1840 when the British arrived. Since 1945, the city ___12___ (grow) and it now has large modern suburbs. Famous sights include Mount Eden, one of many large volcanoes, as well as the Auckland Harbor Bridge. In the city, you can enjoy an amazing view from the Sky Tower, ___13___ is the city’s tallest tower. From anywhere in the city, you can see the sea. Auckland ___14___ (call) “the city of sails” because it has more boats than anywhere else in the world. B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A lot of people blame the media for encouragement of the paparazzi. Newspapers and magazines are willing to pay high prices for photographs of famous people ____15____ (take) by these self-employed photographers. According to the law in Britain, it is legal to take ____16____ (photograph) of famous people if they are in public. But the paparazzi are often prepared to risk expensive legal costs since ____17____ (sell) photographs of famous people has become big business. One very famous example is Princess Diana’s unfortunate death in 1997. C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 In the 1960s, a group of cycling fans painted hundreds of bicycles white and placed them in lots of neighborhoods around Amsterdam for people to use. The problem was ____18____ it didn’t work — thieves took all the bicycles within weeks! However, more than thirty years later, the “white bike” was back in town, this time with a computer chip ____19____ (record) its every move! Today, there is already less traffic in ____20____ (centre) Amsterdam because both locals and tourists have been using the white bikes. Therefore, Amsterdam is called the “City of Bicycles”. 第二部分 阅读表达（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Get involved with our research Some of our research projects rely on the generosity of people like you. Whether it’s using your home PC, taking part in a clinical trial, or simply volunteering your time for a study, you may be able to contribute to some of the ground-breaking projects which make the University of Oxford a world leader in research. Watch this space for ways in which you could get involved. Seeking poor sleepers for insomnia research Trouble sleeping? Researchers from the Sleep & Circadian Neuroscience Institute at the University of Oxford are evaluating different interventions aimed at improving sleep. We are looking for poor sleepers between the ages of 18 and 65. Participation will involve spending overnights in the sleep laboratory at Oxford, monitoring your sleep/wake cycle, and completing computerised tasks. Depending on the study you volunteer for, you will either undergo an online self-help treatment programme or lab-based non-invasive brain stimulation sessions prior to bedtime. You will be reimbursed for your time. If you are interested in taking part or would like more information, please contact the research team directly at insomnia@ndcn.ox.ac.uk Volunteers with lazy eye wanted We are looking for volunteers with a history of lazy eye to take part in our brain scanning study on how binocular(双眼的) vision relates to brain chemistry. We are looking for healthy, fluent English volunteers aged 18-45 with a history of lazy eye. You will also be asked questions about your medical history to check your suitability for an MRI scan. Call 01865 223622 for more information. Oxford Vaccine Group The Oxford Vaccine Group is an independent multi-disciplinary clinical trials and epidemiology group. OVG works towards the goal of developing new and improved vaccines for the prevention of infection in adults and children, enhancing the understanding of immunity and studying the epidemiology of infectious diseases. To find out which research projects are currently recruiting volunteers, please see the OVG website or email info@ovg.ox.ac.uk . Oxford Experimental lab for the Social Sciences The Oxford Internet Institute, together with the Business School, is recruiting individuals to participate in computer-based experiments involving online surfing behavior as well as economic and political decision-making. We pay our subjects well, there are no special skills required and you don’t have to be a student to take part! Contact us at socialsciencestudy@ox.ac.uk for more information. 21. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To offer medical help to patients B. To look for experienced researchers C. To introduce new research programs D. To recruit volunteers for research projects 22. The goal of OVG is to _______. A. carry out clinical trials B. produce vaccines against viruses C. learn more about the immune system D. study the occurrence of infectious diseases 23. You can finish the experiment on your home PC if you join __________. A. Oxford Vaccine Group B. Insomnia research group C. Oxford Experimental lab D. Brain Scanning study group B New rules from the China National Tourism Administration prohibit guides from steering their clients to illegal or immoral activities, such as gambling or drugs. Guides are also prohibited from forcing clients to shop at businesses during a tour, or to charge extra money against a client’s wishes, through intimidation, restricting a person’s freedom or using physical force. Those who violate the rules will have their licenses revoked(吊销), and income generated through such misbehavior will be confiscated. In addition, violators will be fined between 2,000 and 20,000 yuan($300 to $3,000). The administration said the quality of tour guides and the services they provide are key to the way the industry is perceived in China and abroad. Through the rules, which will take effect on Jan. 1st, the administration hopes to ensure healthy development of the domestic tourism market. Mr. Wang, a professor of tourism administration at Beijing International Studies University, said the new rules act as a supplement to existing tourism law. “They elaborate tour guides’ responsibilities and will be very helpful for the national tourism administration in strengthening its governance of this group of professionals,” Wang said. The 2001 regulations listed some prohibited behaviors, and guides who were found in violation would have points taken away from their annual scores. In 2015 and 2016, many media reports appeared about misbehaving tour guides at popular destinations. Guide services start with 10 points each year. Points are required to maintain a license, so if all 10 are lost, the guide service is shut down. The new rules describe situations beyond what were in the 2001 regulations, and cover circumstances in which a tour guide would be in violation and punishments are laid out in detail, noting that some of the examples reflect situations that have been reported domestically in recent years. Forced shopping, verbal abuse of clients and even abandoning clients half way through a tour were among the misdeeds. 24. Where does the passage probably come from? A. A newspaper. B. A tour guide’s diary. C. The 2001 regulations. D. China National Tourism Administration. 25. What does the underlined word “They” in the fourth paragraph refer to? A. The tourists. B. The new rules. C. The tour guides. D. The 2001 regulations. 26. Which of the following statements about the new rules is true? A. They will replace the 2001 regulations. B. They are replacements of the existing tourism law. C. They cover more detailed description as a supplement. D. They will act as new tourism standards replacing the old ones. 27. From the passage, we can infer that ________. A. there will be more misbehaving tour guides B. many travel agencies will go out of business C. more misdeeds will appear at popular destinations D. the domestic tourism market will be more normal C Many people think that communication is the source of most of their work-related conflicts but they'd be wrong. In a work context, more conflicts come from structural relationships and personal differences than communication itself. Organizations create job descriptions, specialized work groups, and authority relationships, all with the intent to improve coordination (协调). But in doing so, they separate people and create the potential for conflicts. For instance, departments within organizations have diverse goals. Purchasing is concerned with the timely acquisition of materials and supplies at low prices; quality control's attention is focused on improving quality and ensuring that the organization's products meet standard…When groups within an organization seek diverse ends, there is increased potential for conflicts. Have you ever met people to whom you took an immediate disliking? Most of the opinions they expressed, you disagreed with. Even insignificant characteristics-the way they cocked their head when they talked or smirked when they smiled-annoyed you. We've all met people like that, and many of us have to work with people like this. Today's organizations are increasingly diverse in terms of age, gender and race. So, not surprisingly, employees differ on the importance they place on general values such as responsibility, equality and ambition. They also differ on job-related values such as the importance of family over work or freedom against authority. These differences often surface in work-related interactions and create significant interpersonal conflicts. The above doesn't mean that communication can't be a source of conflicts. It can. Differing word connotations, insufficient exchange of information, poor listening skills, and the like, create conflicts. But the belief that “we can deal with our differences if we just communicate more” is not necessarily true. The evidence actually shows that the potential for conflicts increases when there is too much communication as well as when there's too little. So when you're trying to manage conflicts, take a thoughtful look at their source. It's more likely that the conflict is coming from work-related requirements, personality differences, or dissimilar values, it is from poor communication. And that might influence the actions you take to resolve the conflict. 28. From Para.2, we know that in an organization, __________. A. job descriptions can effectively improve cooperation B. different goals of branches may cause disagreements C. division of labor usually results inharmonious relationship D. the setting of different departments is to encourage competition 29. The author holds that __________. A. fewer conflicts will appear if we communicate more B. most people share similar values in the same organization C. communication is just one of the reasons for most conflicts D. we'd better calm down before taking action when in conflict 30. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage? A. B. C. D. D The first patient who died on my watch was an older man with a faulty heart — the main pump had failed and his heart was beating irregularly and far too fast. We tried to slow it down with treatment, but it suddenly stopped beating completely. Later, whenever I would have a case like that one, I found myself second-guessing my clinical management. However, it turns out that thinking twice may actually cause more harm than good. In a working paper, Emory University researchers found that when doctors delivering a baby have an adverse outcome, they are more likely to switch to a different delivery method with the next patient, often unnecessarily and sometimes with worse results. Because doctors make so many decisions that have serious consequences, the fallout from second-guessing looms especially large for us. A 2006 study found that if a patient had a bleed after being prescribed warfarin, the physician was about 20% less likely to prescribe subsequent patients the blood thinner that prevents strokes. However, if a patient had a stroke and was not on warfarin, physicians were still no more likely to prescribe warfarin to their other patients. These findings highlight interesting behavioral patterns in doctors. In the blood-thinner study, doctors were more affected by the act of doing harm (prescribing a blood thinner that ended up hurting a patient) and less affected by letting harm happen (not prescribing a blood thinner and the patient having a stroke). Yet a stroke is often more permanent and damaging than a bleed. But this phenomenon is not unique to medicine. “Overreaction to Fearsome Risks” holds true for broader society. For instance, sensational headlines about shark attacks on humans in Florida in 2001 caused a panic and led the state to prohibit shark feeding expeditions. Yet shark attacks had actually fallen that year and, according to the study, such a change was probably unnecessary given the extremely small risk of such an attack happening. Humans are susceptible to emotional and often irrational thinking when processing information, adverse events and mistakes. As much as we don’t want to cause an unfortunate event to recur — in a medical setting or in the wider world — we need to be aware that a worst case scenario doesn’t necessarily mean we did anything wrong. When we overthink, we fail to rely on thinking based on what we know or have experienced. Instead, we may inadvertently overanalyze and come to the wrong conclusion. I have treated dozens of patients who presented with the same illnesses as my first patient, who died more than a year ago. Instead of second guessing myself, I trusted my clinical instinct and stayed the course. Every one of those patients survived. You should trust your instinct in your life, too. 31. The first two paragraphs suggest that ______ A. Bad medical outcomes affect doctors. B. Delivering babies can be difficult work. C. Some doctors are not very experienced. D. Doctors sometimes make silly mistakes. 32. In the blood-thinner study, doctors ______. A. tend to prescribe less effective medicine B. are more concerned about the patients’ safety C. believe a stroke is more treatable than a bleeding D. become less confident in writing certain prescriptions 33. The author develops his idea mainly by ______. A. giving examples B. making comparisons C using metaphors D. quoting famous sayings 34. The author will probably agree that ______. A. we shouldn’t doubt our own decisions B. our experience will pave way for our future C. humans are emotional and irrational on the whole D. instincts don’t necessarily lead to wrong directions 第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Apathy Apathy is a state of lacking interest, enthusiasm or concern. ____35____They may also exhibit unfeelingness. Christians have condemned apathy as a lack of love and devotion to God and His works. ___36___ Also meaning "absence of passion" in Greek, the term "apatheia" was used by the Stoics (禁欲主义者) to show a desirable state of indifference towards events and things which lie outside one's control. The modern concept of apathy became well known after World War I, when it was called “shell shock. " Soldiers, living in the trenches among the bombing and gun fires, saw the battlefields filled with dead and wounded companions.______37______In 1950, US novelist Passos wrote "Apathy is one of the characteristic responses of any living being when it is subjected to something too tense or too complicated to deal with. " US philosopher Robert M. Hutchins summarizes the concerns about political indifference. He claims that the death of democracy is not likely to be a sudden murder from ambush (埋伏)．___38___ There may be other things contributing to a person's political apathy. Activist Dave Meslin argues that apathy is often the result of social systems actively blocking engagement and involvement. He describes various barriers that prevent people from knowing how or why they might get involved in something,____39____These include: political media that make it difficult for potentially interested individuals to find relevant information, and media descriptions of heroes as "chosen" by outside forces rather than self-motivated. He suggests that we redefine social apathy not as a population that is stupid or lazy, but as a result of poorly designed systems that fail to invite others to participate. A It will be a slow process of fading away from apathy and indifference. B. Apathetic people may lack a sense of purpose or meaning in their life. C. The word "dispassion" is used for "apatheia", so as not to confuse it with apathy. D. He focuses on design choices that unintentionally or intentionally exclude people. E. So they gradually developed a sense of disconnected numbness to normal social interaction. F. Although the word "apathy" originates from "apatheia" it is important not to confuse the two terms. G. Author John McManamy argues apathy is a psychological problem for some depressed people, in which they get a sense that "nothing matters". 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，42题3分，44题5分，共12分） 阅读下面的短文，并根据短文内容回答后面的问题。 The Weight of White Lies A man taking his mother to a surprise party tells her they’re going to the mall. A woman fibs that the store was out of her overweight boyfriend’s favorite junk food. A tutor assures his student that her spotty resumé looks fine. Even benevolent forms of deception come in shades of acceptability, and people who learn that they have been misled don’t always see it the way deceivers do. A lie that’s meant to inflate someone’s confidence or discourage a bad habit, for example, often involves making a judgment about what’s best for that person. That presumption can backfire. In recent experiments, participants playing an economic game on a computer received a tip that led them to one of two possible payoffs. Some learned that the sender of the tip had lied to them to secure them a particular option. If the best option had been debatable rather than obvious—such as receiving $10 right away rather than $30 after three months—participants judged that person as less moral for lying and were less satisfied with the outcome, on average, even if it was the one they had previously said they preferred. “People seem to feel they have a right to the truth, and that by taking that away, you diminish their ability to act freely,” says study co-author Matthew Lupoli, a Ph.D. candidate at the University of California, San Diego. Making up falsehoods isn’t the only way to kindly deceive, though: You might also simply leave out unpleasant facts. Recent studies by University of Chicago researcher Emma Levine and colleagues examined both types of lie in hypothetical patient-doctor talks and other contexts. People in the role of deceiver tended to view the omission of potentially harmful details (such as a poor prognosis) as comparable to or more acceptable than offering a comforting fiction (that a patient’s outlook was favorable). But those in the role of the deceived often considered false-but-supportive statements more tolerable than lies of omission. For deceivers, actively committing a lie feels more intentional and might provoke more guilt than omission, Levine says. But the targets of deception “aren’t likely to be sensitive to these differences because they just experience the consequences.” In general, honesty is probably still the best policy. A lie that provides some emotional benefits and has little downside could be the closest second. 40. What is the presumption people make when telling a white lie (a lie that’s meant to be good)? ________________ 41. What are the ways to kindly deceive others? ________________ 42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. Those in the role of the deceived often considered lies of omission more tolerable than false-but-supportive statements. ________________ 43. Do you prefer to be honest or tell a white lie when informing your friend of something unpleasant? Why? (In about 40 words) ________________ 第二节（20分） 44. 你的英国朋友Jim 在给你的邮件中提到他所在的学校组织学生今年暑期来北京参加中国传统技能夏令营，他很感兴趣，有两种可以选择：“中国书法夏令营”或者“中国武术夏令营”。Jim 希望你能给些建议。请你给Jim回信，内容包括： 1. 你建议的班型； 2. 你的理由； 3. 你的祝愿。 注意：1. 词数不少于100； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：中国书法 Chinese Calligraphy 武术 martial art Dear Jim, ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $