北京钱学森中学2025-2026学年高二上学期10月月考英语试题

北京钱学森中学北校区2025-2026学年度第一学期月考试卷 高二英语 2025.10 一、完形填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A few years ago, I was travelling with my son and daughter on the train from Southampton to London. My son was only four years old, and my daughter had just turned two. Since my daughter had a cold and wasn’t feeling well, I tried to make her 1 by reading a story to her. My son, James, had been eating a piece of 2 in the opposite seat. All of a sudden, I noticed that James was having problems in 3 , and it seemed that something was in his throat (喉咙). By the time I got to him, his face had turned purple. “Spit (吐) it out, James!” I started shouting in a loud voice while slapping (拍打) his back with one hand. I cried and begged for help in 4 , but no one seemed to know how to help. At this time a young woman ran to us. “ Let me do it! 5 me! I’m a nurse.” She said calmly as she took hold of James from me. She 6 James against her and gave him five back slaps. Soon, James 7 the piece of candy and began to breathe again. I was 8 , and so were other passengers. Without another word, the young woman handed James back to me and got off the train in a hurry. It all happened so quickly, and I 9 had no time to thank the young woman. I have never forgotten her heroic actions and amazing 10 . 1. A. fortunate B. healthy C. comfortable D. independent 2. A. wood B. bread C. paper D. candy 3. A. hearing B. breathing C. moving D. smiling 4. A. surprise B. relief C. pain D. tear 5. A. Trust B. Follow C. Remember D. Promise 6. A. defended B. examined C. positioned D. recognized 7. A. picked up B. coughed up C. held up D. cleaned up 8. A. relieved B. confused C. disappointed D. inspired 9. A. still B. never C. even D. seldom 10. A. intelligence B. eagerness C. honesty D. kindness 二、语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1分，共10分) 根据句意，完成句子或文段。在未给提示词的空白处填写一个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用所给词的适当形式填空。 11. My friend has two _______ (party) planned for the weekend. 12. Mike is _______ (tall) than his younger brother, which makes him a good player. 13. I _______ (visit) my grandparents last weekend for dinner. 14. The student _______ answered the question correctly is John. 15. She offered _______ (help) me with my homework. On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help 16 (wonder) how long it would take 17 (get) there. It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with a group of barking dogs, seven to be exact. They were all trained by their masters 18 had great experience with caring for these animals. We 19 (invite) to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm under the stars, 20 (listen) to musicians and meeting interesting locals. 三、阅读理解 (共两节，34分) 第一节 (共12小题；每小题2分，共24分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Do you sleep well? If your answer is no, the following might help you. Set a certain bedtime and rising time. A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. Set a bedtime which is good and natural for you. Don’t change your bedtime and rising time on weekends. Avoid exciting activities just before sleeping. Exciting activities get your thoughts running. At the same time, if you make tomorrow’s plan or read an exciting story before turning off the light, it doesn’t give you enough time to relax before you try to sleep. Keep the bedroom for sleeping only. It’s a bad habit for you to use your bedroom as a place to eat, watch TV, read, talk on the phone, or discuss important matters with your family members. Break that habit to get better sleep. Don’t go to bed too early. Your body usually lets you sleep only the number of hours it needs. You should decide how many hours you must sleep in order not to experience daytime sleepiness. Take a warm shower before your bedtime. A twenty-minute warm shower at a temperature of about 45~50 not only is a great relax at day’s end, but also raises your body temperature by several degrees. The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy. 21. If you want to build up your body clocks, you should . A. set a certain bedtime and rising time B. go to bed neither too early nor too late C. keep the bedroom for sleeping only D. take a warm shower before sleeping 22. Why should you avoid exciting activities just before sleeping? A. Because they will get your thoughts running. B. Because you have to make tomorrow’s plan. C. Because you should read an exciting story. D. Because you will have to turn off the light. 23. Your bedroom should be kept for only. A. talking B. eating C. reading D. sleeping 24. According to the passage, will make you feel sleepy. A. taking a cold shower B. your body temperature dropping C. your daily experience D. raising your body temperature B Two years ago, my 11-year-old son sat me down for a talk. “Mum, it’s time.” he said. “Hear me out: it’s time we got an actual TV. And you need an iPhone.” This funny conversation two years ago marked a shift in our relationship. Perhaps for the first time, I began to really listen to my son’s opinion about our home technology. Since his reasoning was sensible and his suggestions were within budget, I took his advice and was pleasantly surprised with the results. I’d known for a while that my son understands technology better than I do. On airplanes, he grabbed my phone to put it in airplane mode. He wired the speakers in our house. After something was stolen from our front yard, he picked out, set up, and now monitors our security camera. When my computer died,I took him shopping with me. As a teenager now, he has a busy social life, with skateboarding, basketball, and online gaming with his friends. I see our time together decreasing and our shared interests shrinking. That’s why I jumped at the chance when a friend mentioned writing technology reviews. I’m a writer, but I’d need a partner who has more tech knowledge than me. When I presented the idea to my teen, he immediately accepted. It’s changed our relationship in surprising ways. Where he used to get annoyed quickly at my technical ignorance, he’s learned to be more patient and explain things to me in a way that I can convey to an unknowing audience. The parent-child dynamics are not only changed; they’re even slightly reversed — he’s leading me. I’m asking him for help and advice. My son has risen to the occasion. He’s taking it seriously, and to watch him mature in this way is an honour. As someone who’s not much of a reader, he now searches instruction of a books. Without any prompting, he’s even e-mailed and called, yes, made an actual phone call to customer service or tech support when sample products weren’t working as expected. I never imagined being a tech reviewer, but it’s proved to be a valuable way to learn from, work with and enjoy time with my teen. 25. What did the writer think of her son’s advice? A. It was unaffordable. B. It was beyond reach. C. It sounded reasonable. D. It sounded surprising. 26. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 3? A. Prove her son’s better mastery of technology. B. Describe their close parent-child relationship. C. Give examples of her son’s interest in airplanes. D. Express her satisfaction of her son’s timely help. 27. Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “reversed” in Paragraph 5? A. Unrealistic. B. Opposite. C. Negative. D. Common. 28. What makes the writer feel honoured? A. Her son’s patience with their relationship. B. Her son’s attitudes to some unknown audiences. C. Her son’s growth and serious attitude to the work. D. Her son’s desire to change the parent-child dynamics. C As psychologists have long recognised, we humans cope with negative things by employing psychological defences. These often take the form of self-serving biases (偏见), that is, we tend to owe other people’s successes to good luck, while seeing our own good results as a sign of born talent. Another example is the “better-than-average” effect, in which case we think we’re better than most others at various skills from driving to maths. Getting defensive when we’re criticised or when we make a mistake, is yet another of these self-protective mechanisms (机制). As the politicians so often say “mistakes were made, but not by me”. So, when you give someone negative feedback (反馈) or you criticise them or their beliefs, you are — perhaps unconsciously — threatening their psychological defences. By forcing them to recognise how they’ve mistaken things, you’re likely to trigger extremely uncomfortable social emotions, such as shame, guilt or embarrassment, or scary thoughts of rejection or loss of status. A way for people to avoid these uncomfortable feelings and thoughts is to get defensive, to deny they did anything wrong, or to engage in the mental gymnastics needed to save face. Support for the social and moral aspects of defensiveness comes from a study by psychologists at Australia’s Flinders University in 2020. The researchers showed that volunteers’ defensiveness (about past mistakes or possible moral guilt) was strengthened if they’d just had an experience of being socially rejected — thus making them more mentally weak. Contrarily, the volunteers acted less defensively if they’d had an earlier opportunity to demonstrate their moral values, which would have made them feel more secure about their moral standing. One practical point from all this is that when you’re giving negative feedback, it pays to consider the effect it may have on the other person’s self-confidence. Therefore, focus your criticism on what they did wrong, not on their personality or character. You can also take some of the sting out by concentrating on how their mistake can be fixed or how they can improve next time. That way they’re less likely to take things so personally. 29. Why do people get so defensive when criticised? A. To escape severe punishment. B. To refuse future improvement. C. To prevent unpleasant emotions. D. To demonstrate their being delicate. 30. What did the study by psychologists at the Flinders University in 2020 find? A. Social rejection increases defensiveness. B. Expressing moral values increases defensiveness. C. Giving advice on fixing one’s mistake hurts his confidence. D. Focusing criticism on one’s personality decreases his defensiveness. 31. Which of the following is a proper time for giving negative feedback? A. One has just made a blood donation. B. One has just received a job rejection. C. One has just been beaten in a debate. D. One has just failed an exam. 32. What is the main idea of the article? A. People should avoid giving negative feedback to others. B. People often use psychological defences to cope with criticism. C. The Flinders University conducted a study on social rejection. D. The “better-than-average” effect is a common psychological defence. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，共10分) 阅读下面短文和问题，根据短文内容和每小题后的具体要求，在相应题号后的横线上写下相关信息，完成对该问题的回答。 As a teenager, I hated P. E. lessons. I was not very good at sports, and I hated team sports because I always felt like I was disappointing the rest of the team. During these years, I sometimes felt disconnected from my body, like only my brain was “me” and my body was just a vehicle for carrying my brain around. When I started university, I decided to try Kung Fu Club. To my surprise, I loved it! In my first year most of us were beginners. I used to go two or three times a week. Because it is not a team sport, I didn’t feel guilty about not being very good. And because it is a combat (格斗) sport, you train in pairs, which means that you get to meet people and talk to them. I also appreciated that the focus of the classes was on getting better at kung fu, rather than exercising to change my body. When I was doing kung fu, my body changed — I got stronger and quicker — but the changes were a side effect of the sport, instead of the goal. When I moved to Italy this year, I decided to start doing a combat sport again. I joined a local martial arts (武术) club and I love it. We do lots of sparring (用拳轻击). I think that sparring is like chess, but much faster and much more fun! If your sparring partner tries to hit you hard with his fist, you have to move quickly to avoid him, block or even catch his arm and then throw him to the mat. When I was a teenager, I would say I just wasn’t a sporty person and that I just didn’t like sport and never would. Now I think that everyone should try as many sports as possible because I believe there is something out there for everyone! I feel connected to my body and I am happier and have more energy when I have been doing sport. 33. Why did the author hate P. E. lessons when he was a teenager? (不多于七个单词) ___________________________________________________________________________ 34. What club did the author go to when he was at university? (不多于三个单词) ___________________________________________________________________________ 35. How did doing kung fu change the author? (不多于五个单词) ___________________________________________________________________________ 36. What did the author do after he moved to Italy? (不多于七个单词) ___________________________________________________________________________ 37. What suggestion did the author give for a teenager who is not sporty? (不多于八个单词) ___________________________________________________________________________ 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 (共6小题；每小题1分，共6分) access admire behave passion occasion effect 38. Most successful people I know are very __________ about their work. 39. The program tries to make science more __________ to children. 40. He works for us on a(an) __________ basis. 41. Parents can influence the __________ of their children. 42. The new learning method has proved more __________ than expected. 43. The soldiers showed __________ bravery. 第 1 页 共 6 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 参 考 答 案 一、完型填空 1-5 CDBDA 6-10 CBACD 本文讲述了一位母亲在火车上的惊险经历：她带着4岁的儿子James和2岁的女儿乘车时，女儿因感冒不适，母亲正给她读故事安抚。儿子James突然被糖果卡住喉咙窒息，脸色发紫。母亲惊慌呼救时，一名自称护士的年轻女子迅速施救，用背部拍击法让James咳出糖果。救人后护士默默离开，母亲至今铭记她的英勇与善良。 1. A. fortunate（幸运的）B. healthy（健康的）C. comfortable（舒适的）D. independent（独立的）前文提到女儿感冒不适（had a cold and wasn’t feeling well），母亲读故事是为了缓解她的不适，故选C. comfortable（舒适的）。 2. A. wood（木头）B. bread（面包）C. paper（纸张）D. candy（糖果） 后文第7空明确提到James咳出D. candy糖果（coughed up the piece of candy），且糖果易引发儿童窒息。 3. A. hearing（听力）B. breathing（呼吸）C. moving（移动）D. smiling（微笑） 后文描述脸色发紫（face turned purple）和喉咙卡住（something in his throat），直接指向 B. breathing（呼吸困难）。 4. A. surprise（惊讶）B. relief（解脱）C. pain（痛苦）D. tear（眼泪） 前句提到母亲cried and begged（哭喊求助），D. tear（眼泪）是哭泣时的自然表现。 5. A. Trust（信任）B. Follow（跟随）C. Remember（记住）D. Promise（承诺） 护士需快速获得家属配合施救，A. Trust（信任我）是最直接的请求，强调专业性以安抚惊慌的母亲。 6. A. defended（防卫）B. examined（检查）C. positioned（安置）D. recognized（认出） 急救时需调整孩子姿势进行拍背，C. positioned（让James靠在她身上）符合海姆立克急救法的动作要求。 7. A. picked up（捡起）B. coughed up（咳出）C. held up（举起）D. cleaned up（清理） 前文提到喉咙卡住异物，施救后自然通过咳嗽排出，B. coughed up（咳出糖果）是唯一符合医学逻辑的选项。 8. A. relieved（如释重负）B. confused（困惑）C. disappointed（失望）D. inspired（受鼓舞）孩子脱险后呼吸恢复，母亲和乘客的情绪必然是A. relieved（松了口气），与危机解除的语境完全契合。 9. A. still（仍然）B. never（从未）C. even（甚至）D. seldom（很少） 推理依据：前文强调一切发生太快（happened so quickly），C. even（甚至没时间道谢）突出护士离开的迅速与母亲的遗憾。 10. A. intelligence（智慧）B. eagerness（急切）C. honesty（诚实）D. kindness（善良） 护士救人后默默离开，不求回报的行为体现高尚品德，D. kindness（善良）是全文核心主题的升华。 二、语法填空 11. parties 名词 party 前有数词 two 修饰，表示复数概念，需变为复数形式。 12. taller 形容词tall与than搭配表示比较级。单音节形容词变比较级时，直接在词尾加 -er，因此 tall → taller。、 13. visited 时间状语 last weekend 表示过去时，动词 visit 需用过去式。visit 是规则动词，过去式为 visited。 14. who/that 空格后是动词answered，需填入关系代词引导定语从句修饰 student（人）。who / that用于指代人，在从句中作主语。 15. to help 动词 offer 后接不定式表示主动提出做某事，结构为 offer to do something。help 需变为不定式 to help。 16. wondering 短语couldn’t help后接动名词，表示忍不住做某事，因此 wonder → wondering。 17. to get 结构 it takes (time) to do something 中，不定式 to do 表示目的或动作。get 需变为 to get。18. who/that 空格后是动词 had，需填入关系代词引导定语从句修饰 masters（人）。who/that指代人，在从句中作主语。 19. were invited 主语we是动作invite的接受者，需用被动语态。上下文为过去时（前句 were greeted），因此用 were invited。 20. listening 空格与后文的meeting并列，作为伴随状语修饰主句动作attend。动词listen需用现在分词形式，表示同时发生的动作。因此 listen → listening。 三、阅读理解 第一节 21-24 AADB 本文针对睡眠问题提出了五条建议：设定固定的作息时间以建立生物钟；睡前避免兴奋活动；卧室仅用于睡眠；不要过早睡觉；睡前洗温水澡。这些方法旨在帮助人们改善睡眠质量。 21. 根据第二段A certain bedtime and rising time can help you build up your body clocks. 题目询问建立生物钟的方法，定位到第二段。关键句明确指出固定的作息时间有助于建立生物钟，与选项A. set a certain bedtime and rising time一致。 22. 根据第三段Exciting activities get your thoughts running. 题目问睡觉前避免兴奋活动的原因，定位到第三段。关键句说明兴奋活动会让思维活跃，与选项A. Because they will get your thoughts running.一致。 23. 根据第四段Keep the bedroom for sleeping only. 题目问卧室的用途，定位到第四段。关键句直接指出卧室仅用于睡眠，与选项D. sleeping一致。 24. 根据第六段The coming drop in temperature of your body will naturally make you feel sleepy. 题目问让人困倦的原因，定位到第六段。关键句说明体温下降会自然使人困倦，与选项B. your body temperature dropping一致。 25-28 CABC 文章讲述了一位母亲和她儿子在技术方面的关系变化。两年前，11岁的儿子建议购买电视和iPhone，母亲采纳了建议并感到惊喜。儿子在技术方面比母亲更擅长，帮助处理手机、音响、安全摄像头等。现在儿子成为青少年，母子共同兴趣减少，但当朋友提到写技术评论时，母亲邀请儿子合作。这改变了他们的关系：儿子变得更耐心，母子角色部分反转，儿子在领导，母亲寻求帮助。儿子认真对待工作，母亲感到荣幸。最后，这成为母子共度时光的宝贵方式。 25. 根据第二段Since his reasoning was sensible and his suggestions were within budget...题目询问作者对儿子建议的看法，定位到第二段。关键句提到儿子的理由合理且建议在预算内，sensible与reasonable意思相近，因此选项C. It sounded reasonable.正确。 26. 根据第三段I’d known for a while that my son understands technology better than I do. 第三段开头提出儿子比自己更懂科技，随后通过具体事例支撑这一观点，因此段落主旨是证明儿子对科技的熟练掌握，选项A. Prove her son’s better mastery of technology.正确。 27. 根据第五段The parent-child dynamics are not only changed; they’re even slightly reversed — he’s leading me. I’m asking him for help and advice. 划线词前指出亲子互动模式改变，后文解释儿子主导、作者向他求助，说明模式与以往（父母主导）相反，opposite意为相反的，符合语境，选项B. Opposite.正确。 28. 根据第五段He’s taking it seriously, and to watch him mature in this way is an honour. 题目问作者感到荣幸的原因，定位到第五段。关键句明确提到看到儿子以这种方式成熟且认真对待工作是荣幸的，选项C. Her son’s growth and serious attitude to the work.概括了成长和认真态度，因此正确。 29-32 CAAB 本文探讨了人类面对负面事物时的心理防御机制，如自我服务偏见和优于平均效应。当受到批评或犯错时，人们会通过防御来避免羞耻、内疚等不适情绪。2020年Flinders大学的研究表明，社交排斥会增强防御性，而展示道德价值观则会降低防御性。文章还建议，给予负面反馈时应聚焦行为而非人格，并关注如何改进，以减少对方的防御反应。 29. 根据第三段A way for people to avoid these uncomfortable feelings and thoughts is to get defensive... 题目询问防御性的原因，定位到第三段。关键句说明防御是为了避免羞耻、内疚等不适情绪，与选项C. To prevent unpleasant emotions.一致。 30. 根据第四段The researchers showed that volunteers’ defensiveness... was strengthened if they’d just had an experience of being socially rejected... 题目问研究结果，定位到第四段。关键句指出社交排斥会增强防御性，与选项A. Social rejection increases defensiveness.一致。 31. 根据第四段the volunteers acted less defensively if they’d had an earlier opportunity to demonstrate their moral values... 题目问合适的反馈时机，需结合研究结论：展示道德价值观后防御性降低。选项A. One has just made a blood donation.中献血属于展示道德价值观的行为，此时给予反馈更合适。 32. 根据第一段we humans cope with negative things by employing psychological defences...（全文围绕心理防御机制展开，包括表现、原因、研究及建议） 文章开篇提出人类用心理防御应对负面事物，后文围绕防御机制的表现、原因、相关研究及反馈建议展开，核心是心理防御与批评的关系，选项B. People often use psychological defences to cope with criticism.概括全文主旨。 第二节 本文讲述了作者从青少年时期讨厌体育课（尤其是团队运动），到上大学时通过参加功夫俱乐部爱上运动，再到搬到意大利后继续参与武术的转变过程。作者最初因运动能力差而感到身体与大脑分离，但通过个人化的运动（如功夫）找到了乐趣，身体变得更健康，并最终建议每个人都应尝试多种运动，以找到适合自己的方式。文章强调了运动对身心连接的积极影响，以及从排斥到热爱的个人成长。 33. Not good at sports and hated team sports. 根据第一段I was not very good at sports, and I hated team sports because I always felt like I was disappointing the rest of the team. 题目要求回答讨厌体育课的原因，定位到第一段，关键信息为not very good at sports和hated team sports... disappointing the rest of the team，合并核心原因不擅长运动且讨厌团队运动。 34. Kung Fu Club. 根据第二段When I started university, I decided to try Kung Fu Club. 题目询问大学时参加的俱乐部，定位到第二段，明确提到Kung Fu Club，直接提取名称。 35. Got stronger and quicker. 根据第二段When I was doing kung fu, my body changed — I got stronger and quicker... 题目问功夫带来的改变，定位到第二段，关键句指出body changed... got stronger and quicker，核心变化为更强壮敏捷。 36. Joined a local martial arts club. 根据第三段When I moved to Italy this year, I decided to start doing a combat sport again. I joined a local martial arts club... 题目询问搬到意大利后的行为，定位到第三段，关键信息为joined a local martial arts club。 37. Try as many sports as possible. 根据第四段Now I think that everyone should try as many sports as possible... 题目问建议，定位到第四段，关键句everyone should try as many sports as possible，直接提取建议内容。 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 38. passionate 句子描述成功人士对工作的态度，需一个形容词形式。从passion（名词）衍生为passionate（形容词），意为热情的。 39. accessible 句子强调科学对孩子更易接触，需一个形容词形式。从access（名词）衍生为accessible（形容词），意为可及的或易接近的。 40. occasional 句子描述工作基础，需一个形容词形式修饰basis。从occasion（名词）衍生为occasional（形容词），意为偶尔的或不定期的。 41. behaviour 句子讨论父母影响孩子的方面，需一个名词形式。从behave（动词）衍生为behaviour（名词），意为行为。 42. effective 句子比较学习方法的效果，需一个形容词形式。从effect（名词）衍生为effective（形容词），意为有效的。 43. admirable 句子描述士兵表现出的勇敢品质，需一个形容词形式。从admire（动词）衍生为admirable（形容词），意为令人钦佩的。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $