第八讲 动词-2026年中考英语一轮复习 语法重难点专项突破（语法讲义+配套练习）（全国通用）

中考核心语法·精练 第八讲 动词2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动词分类及核心用法表 此表格梳理动词四大类（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）的核心定义、功能及关键规则，覆盖 “能否独立作谓语”“搭配要求” 等核心考点，是理解动词基本用法的基础。 动词类别 定义 / 核心功能 关键规则 实义动词 能独立作谓语，表具体动作或状态，分及物（vt.）、不及物（vi.） 1. 及物动词：需接宾语，有 “主 + 谓 + 宾”“主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾”“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”3 种句型 2. 不及物动词：无宾，接宾需加介词，无被动语态 3. 部分动词可兼作及物 / 不及物 系动词 连接主语与表语，构 “系表结构”，无实义 1. 后接形容词作表语，不可接副词 2. 无被动语态 3. 分四类：状态类（be）、持续类（keep/stay）、感官类（look/smell 等）、变化类（become/turn 等） 助动词 协助主要动词构时态、语态、疑问 / 否定，无实义 1. 不可单独作谓语，需与主要动词搭配 2. 常见类型：be（构进行时 / 被动）、do（构疑问 / 否定）、will/shall（构将来时）、have（构完成时） 情态动词 表说话人态度（能力、许可等），需接动词原形 1. 无人称 / 数变化 2. 否定式多为 “情态动词 + not”（must/have to 除外） 3. 疑问式需将情态动词提至主语前（详见专题九） 注意事项： 1. 实义动词中，使役动词（make/let/have）后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，感官动词（see/hear）后可接不带 to 的不定式（表动作结束）或 v.-ing（表动作进行）； 2. 系动词不可误作实义动词使用，如 “the food tastes well” 错误，需用形容词 “delicious”（正确：the food tastes delicious）； 3. 助动词 “do” 仅用于一般现在时 / 过去时，其他时态需用对应助动词（如现在完成时用 “have/has”，不可用 “do”）。 二、动词五种基本形式变化表 此表格明确动词第三人称单数、过去式 / 过去分词、现在分词的规则变化，覆盖高频变形类型，是解决 “词形转换” 题型的核心依据。 动词形式 适用时态 / 场景 规则变化 第三人称单数 一般现在时（主语为三单） 1. 一般词尾加 - s 2. 以 s/o/x/sh/ch 结尾加 - es 3. 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - es 过去式 / 过去分词 一般过去时、完成时、被动语态 1. 一般词尾加 - ed 2. 以不发音 e 结尾加 - d 3. 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - ed 4. 以重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅结构），双写尾字母加 - ed 现在分词 进行时（现在 / 过去进行时） 1. 一般词尾加 - ing 2. 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 - ing 3. 以重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅结构），双写尾字母加 - ing 4. 以 ie 结尾，变 i 加 - ing 注意事项： 1. 不规则变化需单独记忆（如 go→goes→went→gone，eat→eats→ate→eaten），不可套用规则； 2. “辅音 + y” 结尾的动词，变第三人称单数、过去式 / 过去分词时均需变 y 为 i（如 study→studies→studied），但变现在分词时直接加 - ing（study→studying）； 3. 重读闭音节判断标准：末尾只有一个辅音字母，且该音节重读（如 stop/stɑːp / 是重读闭音节，open/ˈəʊpən / 非重读闭音节，无需双写）。 三、动词常见词形转换表（除基本形式外） 此表格整理动词变名词、动名词、不定式、形容词的核心规则，覆盖高频转换类型，助力解决 “用所给词适当形式填空” 题型。 转换类型 适用场景 规则变化 动词变名词 作主语、宾语，或被形容词 / 数词修饰时 1. 加 - er/or（表人或工具，如 teach→teacher） 2. 加 - ment（表动作 / 状态，如 develop→development） 3. 加 - ion/tion/sion（表动作 / 结果，如 invent→invention） 4. 特殊变化（如 choose→choice，die→death） 动词变动名词（v.-ing） 介词后、进行时中、固定搭配、作主语时 1. 规则同 “现在分词”（一般加 - ing，特殊情况按现在分词规则变形） 2. 无需额外变化，直接按现在分词规则转换 动词变不定式（to do） 及物动词后作宾语、作宾补 / 状语 / 后置定语时 1. 基本形式：to + 动词原形 2. 特殊情况：使役动词 / 感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式（如 make sb. do sth.） 动词变形容词 作表语（系动词后）、定语（修饰名词）时 1. 加 - ed/-ing（-ed 表 “人感到……”，-ing 表 “事物令人……”，如 excited/exciting） 2. 加 - able（表 “可…… 的”，如 accept→acceptable） 3. 特殊变化（如 die→dead，sleep→asleep） 注意事项： 1. 动词变名词时，部分词需去 e 加后缀（如 create→creation，而非 createion）； 2. 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如 “Reading is good for you”，不可用 “are”）； 3. 不定式作主语时，常用 “it” 作形式主语（如 “It’s important to study hard”，避免 “To study hard is important” 的冗长表达）。 四、高频动词短语分类表 此表格按 “同一动词型”“同一介词 / 副词型” 分类，整理文档中高频动词短语，明确核心含义，覆盖中考常考搭配。 短语类别 核心动词 / 介词 / 副词 具体短语及含义 同一动词型 come come across（偶然遇见）、come out（出版 / 开花）、come up with（提出）、come true（实现） look look after（照顾）、look up（查阅 / 抬头看）、look for（寻找）、look out（当心） take take off（起飞 / 脱下）、take part in（参加）、take care of（照顾）、take pride in（以…… 为荣） put put on（穿上 / 上演）、put off（推迟）、put up（张贴 / 搭建）、put away（收起） 同一介词 / 副词型 up cheer up（使振作）、give up（放弃）、pick up（捡起 / 接人）、set up（建立） out find out（查明）、work out（解决 / 算出）、run out（用尽）、look out（当心） at arrive at（到达小地点）、laugh at（嘲笑）、point at（指向）、shout at（对…… 大喊） 混合型 无固定核心词 deal with（处理）、agree with（同意）、make up（编造 / 化妆）、take place（发生） 注意事项： 1. 动词短语为固定搭配，不可随意拆分或替换介词 / 副词（如 “look for” 表 “寻找”，不可说 “look after”）； 2. 部分短语有多重含义（如 “take off” 可表 “起飞” 或 “脱下”），需结合语境判断； 3. 同一介词 / 副词搭配不同动词时，含义差异大（如 “give up” 表 “放弃”，“pick up” 表 “捡起”），需逐个记忆。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·上海闵行·三模）As an officer at the airport, he has to every traveler’s passport carefully. (exam) 【答案】examine 【详解】句意：作为一名机场官员，他必须仔细检查每位旅客的护照。根据“has to”可知，此处需填入动词原形，表示“检查”的动作。exam的动词形式为“examine”，意为“检查”。故填examine。 2．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）Some wild animals may (appear) forever if we don’t stop hunting them. 【答案】disappear 【详解】句意：如果我们不停止狩猎，一些野生动物可能会永远消失。根据“if we don’t stop hunting them”可知是如果不停止狩猎，一些野生动物可能会消失，disappear“消失”，情态动词may后加动词原形。故填disappear。 3．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）You’d better (repair) the house and mend the hole as soon as possible. 【答案】repair 【详解】句意：你最好尽快修理房子，修补漏洞。You’d better do sth.“你最好做某事”，固定搭配，此处应用动词原形。故填repair。 4．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Who would you (suggestion) for the position after the interview? 【答案】suggest 【详解】句意：面试结束后，你认为谁适合这个职位？根据“Who would you…(suggestion) for the position after the interview?”可知，此处是指推荐谁来这个职位，应用suggestion的动词形式suggest表示“推荐”，would you后面接动词原形。故填suggest。 5．（2025·上海·模拟预测）The black man begged for his life by saying, “I can’t .” (breath) 【答案】breathe 【详解】句意：这个黑人男子祈求饶命，说道：“我无法呼吸。”情态动词can’t后需接动词原形，breath的动词形式为breathe。故填breathe。 6．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Simon is creative? you (mean) he can always make up an excuse when he makes a mistake? 【答案】 Do mean 【详解】句意：西蒙很有创造力？你的意思是他犯了错误总能编个借口吗？mean“意思是”，动词，本句是疑问句，主语是you，结合“he can always”可知，主句时态应是一般现在时，其前应用助动词do构成疑问句语序，后跟动词原形，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Do；mean。 7．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）There (be) many Chinese poems in this book. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：这本书里有许多中国诗歌。根据“many Chinese poems”可知主语是复数，且句子描述一般事实，用一般现在时，故填are。 8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Tom asked why I (be) late. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：汤姆问我为什么迟到。分析句子可知，why引导宾语从句；根据“Tom asked”可知，主句为一般过去时，从句也应用过去的时态，此处用一般过去时；主语为I，be动词用was。故填was。 9．（2023·黑龙江·一模）The rich （be）not always happy. Everyone has worries. 【答案】are 【详解】句意：富人并不总是开心的。每个人都有烦恼。根据“Everyone has worries.”可知句子是一般现在时；“the+形容词”表示一类人，指复数，所以the rich表示复数，be动词用are。故填are。 10．（2023·湖南永州·三模）Most of the students think three years of junior high school life （be）not long. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：大多数学生认为三年的初中生活并不长。此句为宾语从句，“three years of junior high school life”为句子主语，中心词为“life”，表示一般事实用一般现在时，be动词用is。故填is。 11．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise. 【答案】wealthy 【详解】句意：早睡早起使人健康、富有和明智。根据“...makes a man healthy...and wise.”可知空处应填形容词。wealth名词，“财富”，wealthy形容词，“富有的”。故填wealthy。 12．（2022·江苏盐城·二模）Would you please speak louder to make yourself ? (understand) 【答案】understood 【详解】句意：请你大声一点，让别人明白你的意思好吗？understand“理解，懂得”，是动词。固定短语make sb. done“使某人被……”，动词用过去分词。故填understood。 13．（2022·上海金山·一模）We need to make the club to more young people. (attract) 【答案】attractive 【详解】句意：我们要让这个俱乐部吸引更多的年轻人。make sth.+adj，表示“使某物怎么样”，所以动词attract要用其形容词形式。故填attractive。 14．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Sometimes prices of products may us that we can save some money. (foolish) 【答案】fool 【详解】句意：有时产品价格可能会让我们误以为能省钱。空格前为情态动词may，后接动词原形，因此需将形容词foolish“愚蠢的”转换为动词fool“欺骗”。故填fool。 15．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Can you the problem in a different way? (solution) 【答案】solve 【详解】句意：你能用另一种方法解决这个问题吗？solution“解决方法，解决方案”，是一个名词。由句子结构可知，划线处缺一个动词，情态动词后跟动词原形。其动词形式是solve，意为“解决”。故填solve。 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·陕西咸阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Last Saturday morning, our school organized an environmental protection activity. The sun 1 shining brightly and all ninth-grade students gathered at the entrance of Xingqing Park. Our teacher Mr. Lee stood in front of 2 students and explained that our task was to clean the park and plant new trees. He reminded us, “Remember, even small actions can 3 a big difference!” We 4 into three groups. Group One’s job was to clean the riverbank. They found 5 plastic bags and bottles in the water. “Look! This bottle 6 here for at least a year!” shouted Lisa. Her friend asked, “ 7 believe people threw trash here?” Group Two focused on sorting garbage. 8 volunteer from Italy taught them how to separate recyclables. I was in Group Three. Our task was 9 flowers. The teacher told us to dig holes first. We put the young plants into the soil. Suddenly, it started raining, but no one stopped working. By 3 p. m., the park looked completely different! The air smelled fresher, and birds were singing happily. Mr. Lee smiled and said, “I’m proud of 10 today!” 1. A．is B．was C．are D．were 2. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of 3. A．makes B．making C．to make D．make 4. A．are divided B．were divided C．divide D．divided 5. A．few B．little C．many D．much 6. A．has lain B．is lying C．lies D．lay 7. A．You do B．You are C．Do you D．Are you 8. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 9. A．put B．to put C．plant D．to plant 10. A．what you did B．what did you C．how do you D．how you do 【答案】 1. B 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. D 10. A 【导语】本文介绍了上周六作者所在学校九年级学生在兴庆公园开展清理河岸、分类垃圾、种花等环保活动的过程。 1. 句意：阳光灿烂，所有九年级学生在兴庆公园门口集合。 is是，be动词单数形式，一般现在时；was是，be动词单数形式，一般过去时；are是，be动词复数形式，一般现在时；were是，be动词复数形式，一般过去时。根据“The sun…shining brightly and all ninth-grade students gathered”可知，此处表示“正在照耀”，时态为过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语 “the sun” 是单数，故填was。故选B。 2. 句意：李老师站在学生们面前，解释说我们的任务是打扫公园和种植新树。 hundred百，基数词；hundreds百，复数形式；hundred of搭配错误；hundreds of成百上千的。空后的 “students”为复数名词，且表示 “许多学生”，需用hundreds of修饰。故选D。 3. 句意：他提醒我们：“记住，即使是小小的行动也能带来很大的改变！” makes制造，单三形式；making制造，动名词 / 现在分词形式；to make制造，不定式形式；make制造，原形。make a difference意为 “有影响”，固定短语，且情态动词can后接动词原形，故选D。 4. 句意：我们被分成了三组。 are divided被划分，一般现在时被动语态；were divided被划分，一般过去时被动语态；divide划分，原形；divided划分，过去式 / 过去分词。根据“We…into three groups.”可知，此处表示“我们被划分”，需用被动语态；根据上下文语境可知，本句时态为一般过去时，主语we是复数，故选B。 5. 句意：他们在水里发现了许多塑料袋和瓶子。 few几乎没有；little几乎没有；many许多；much许多。空后的“plastic bags and bottles”为可数名词复数，且此处表示发现的垃圾数量多，用many修饰。故选C。 6. 句意：这个瓶子已经在这里至少一年了！ has lain已经躺，现在完成时；is lying正在躺，现在进行时；lies躺，单三形式；lay躺，过去式 / 原形。根据 “for at least a year” 可知动作从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时 “has lain”。故选A。 7. 句意：她的朋友问：“你相信人们会把垃圾扔在这里吗？” You do，你做，陈述句语序；You are你是，陈述句语序；Do you你……吗，一般疑问句；Are you你是，一般疑问句。根据“Her friend asked”可知，此句为一般疑问句，“believe”是实义动词，需用助动词“Do”引导，故选C。 8. 句意：一位来自意大利的志愿者教他们如何分类可回收物。 A一个，不定冠词，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；An一个，不定冠词，用于元音音素开头的单词前；The定冠词，表特指；/不填。此处泛指 “一位志愿者”，“volunteer”以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词“A”。故选A。 9. 句意：我们的任务是种花。 put放置，原形；to put放置，不定式；plant种植，原形；to plant种植，不定式。根据“Our task was…flowers.”可知，此处表示“种花”，且“task” 后接不定式作表语，故用“to plant”。故选D。 10. 句意：李老师笑着说：“我为你们今天所做的事感到骄傲！” what you did你们所做的事，陈述句语序；what did you你做了什么，疑问句语序；how do you你如何……，疑问句语序；how you do你如何……，陈述句语序。此处是宾语从句，需用陈述句语序，且动作发生在过去，用“what you did”。故选A。 Passage 2 （2025·陕西西安·模拟预测） Humans have always shared the planet with animals. But for many years, our actions 1 serious harm to many animals. One of the biggest problems is habitat destruction (栖息地破坏). As cities grow 2 and forests are cut down for farming and new buildings, animals lose their homes. This forces them to move to new areas, where they may find it hard to get food or homes. For example, cutting down too 3 trees in the Amazon rainforest has caused countless animals, like monkeys, to lose their homes. Pollution 4 another major problem. Chemicals from factories and plastic waste can harm animals and their habitats. Many sea animals, like turtles, mistake plastic for food, which can cause illness or death. Climate change, caused by human activities, 5 influences animals. Rising temperatures and changing weather influence the environment, making it harder for animals 6 . Hunting has made some kinds of animals almost disappear. Animals like elephants and tigers are hunted 7 their teeth or fur (皮毛). Even though many countries have laws to protect these animals, illegal* hunting continues to be 8 serious problem. All of us should think about 9 to solve this problem. Although there are some challenges, there is still hope. Animals and their habitats 10 by people who take action actively around the world every year. *The word “illegal” means not allowed by the law. 1. A．were causing B．will cause C．are causing D．have caused 2. A．rapid B．rapidly C．wide D．widely 3. A．many B．much C．little D．few 4. A．am B．is C．are D．be 5. A．but B．however C．also D．and 6. A．live B．to live C．living D．lived 7. A．with B．in C．to D．for 8. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9. A．how we can help B．how can we help C．where we can go D．where can we go 10. A．save B．saved C．are saved D．were saved 【答案】 1. D 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. D 8. A 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文主要论述人类活动对动物造成的危害，包括栖息地破坏、污染、气候变化和非法狩猎，同时指出保护动物的希望。 1. 句意：但是多年来，人类的行为已对许多动物造成严重伤害。 were causing过去进行时；will cause一般将来时；are causing现在进行时；have caused现在完成时。根据“For many years”可知动作持续到现在，需用现在完成时。故选D。 2. 句意：随着城市的快速扩张，森林被砍伐用于耕作和建造新建筑，动物失去了家园。 rapid快速的，形容词；rapidly快速地，副词；wide广泛的，形容词；widely广泛地，副词。 根据“cities grow”可知，此处修饰动词“grow”需用副词，且“rapidly”更符合城市扩张语境。故选B。 3. 句意：例如，亚马逊雨林中砍伐了太多的树木，导致猴子等无数动物失去了家园。 many许多，修饰可数名词；much许多，修饰不可数名词；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词。根据“trees in the Amazon rainforest has caused countless animals, like monkeys, to lose their homes”可知，此处表示“砍伐许多树”，“trees”为可数名词复数，所以用many。故选A。 4. 句意：污染是另一个主要问题。 am是，be的第一人称单数形式；is是，be 的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的第二人称单数形式和第一人称、第二人称和第三人称的复数形式；be是，be动词原形。主语“Pollution”为单数，需用is。故选B。 5. 句意：由人类活动引起的气候变化也会影响动物。 but但是；however然而；also也；and和。上文提到污染，此处补充说明气候变化，需用表递进的“also”。故选C。 6. 句意：气温上升和天气变化会影响环境，使动物更难生存。 live原形；to live不定式；living动名词；lived过去式。考查make it adj. for sb. to do sth.结构。故选B。 7. 句意：像大象和老虎这样的动物被猎杀以获取它们的牙齿或皮毛。 with用；in在……里；to向；for为了。根据“are hunted...their teeth or fur”可知，此处表目的用for。故选D。 8. 句意：尽管许多国家都有保护这些动物的法律，但非法狩猎仍然是一个严重的问题。 a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头单词前；the那个，定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。根据“serious problem”可知，此处泛指“一个严重的问题”，“serious”发音以辅音开头，所以用a。故选A。 9. 句意：我们所有人都应该考虑如何帮助解决这个问题。 how we can help我们如何提供帮助，陈述语序；how can we help我们如何提供帮助，疑问语序；where we can go我们可以去哪里，陈述语序；where can we go我们可以去哪里，疑问语序。宾语从句需用陈述语序，且内容需匹配“solve this problem”，“我们如何提供帮助”符合。故选A。 10. 句意：动物及栖息地每年都被积极行动的人们拯救。 save原形；saved过去式；are saved现在被动；were saved过去被动。根据“Animals and their habitats”及“save”可知，此处为被动语态，动物及栖息地被拯救；根据“every year”可知，此处为一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 Passage 3 （2025·广东东莞·三模）Ndakasi, a famous gorilla (大猩猩), has died at age 14 1 September 26, 2021. The Virunga National Park in Congo broke (公布) the sad news saying that Ndakasi 2 after a long illness. According to the park, Ndakasi spent the last moment of her life in the loving arms of her caretaker and lifelong friend, Andre Bauma. Virunga workers found Ndakasi next to her dead mother’s body in 2007 when she was only two months old. They said that Ndakasi’s mother 3 by poachers (偷猎者). Then they took her to the park. They said 4 it was in this park that Ndakasi lived for nearly 14 years. Andre held the gorilla in his arms the night she was found, and has been friends with her since then. “It was a good luck to care for such 5 loving creature, especially after 6 her story,” Andre said. “I loved her like a child and her nice personality brought a smile to my face every time I stayed with her.” Ndakasi was one of the two gorillas becoming famous in 2019 after having their picture 7 with two caretakers at Virunga National Park. One of the 8 of the park told the BBC that the gorillas 9 imitating the humans by standing up on two legs. Gorillas in the wild can live for around 40 years, 10 those in zoos can live for as long as 50 years. According to Gunness World Records, the oldest living gorilla in a zoo is Fatou. It lives in a zoo in Germany and is 64 years old. 1. A．at B．in C．On 2. A．die B．died C．dying 3. A．killed B．is killed C．was killed 4. A．that B．if C．where 5. A．an B．the C．a 6. A．know B．knowing C．knew 7. A．took B．to take C．taken 8. A．head B．heads C．heads’ 9. A．are B．was C．were 10. A．or B．while C．so 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. C 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. C 10. B 【导语】本文主要介绍了刚果维龙加国家公园著名大猩猩恩达卡西的生平、死亡及其引发的对大猩猩生存状况的关注。 1. 句意：著名大猩猩恩达卡西于2021年9月26日去世，享年14岁。 at后跟具体时刻；in后跟年月季节等；on在具体某天。根据“September 26, 2021.”可知，具体到某一天，介词用on。故选C。 2. 句意：刚果的维龙加国家公园公布了这一悲伤的消息，称恩达卡西在长期患病后去世。 die动词原形；died动词过去式；dying现在分词/动名词。根据“The Virunga National Park in Congo broke (公布) the sad news saying that Ndakasi”可知，这里是宾语从句的谓语动词，时态为一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故选B。 3. 句意：他们说恩达卡西的母亲被偷猎者杀害了。 killed一般过去时；is killed一般现在时的被动语态；was killed一般过去时的被动语态。根据“They said that Ndakasi’s mother”可知，主语Ndakasi’s mother与kill是被动关系，且是过去发生的事，用一般过去时的被动语态was killed。故选C。 4. 句意：他们说正是在这个公园里，恩达卡西生活了近14年。 that引导从句，无实际意义；if如果/是否；where哪里。根据“They said”可知，said后是宾语从句，不缺成分，用that引导。故选A。 5. 句意：照顾这样一个可爱的生物是一件幸运的事。 an不定冠词（后跟以元音音素开头的单词）；the定冠词；a不定冠词（后跟以辅音音素开头的单词）。根据“It was a good luck to care for such”可知，“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”，loving发音以辅音音素开头，用a。故选C。 6. 句意：尤其是在了解了她的故事之后。 know动词原形；knowing现在分词/动名词；knew动词过去式。根据“especially after”可知，after是介词，后接动名词形式。故选B。 7. 句意：恩达卡西是2019年在维龙加国家公园与两名管理员合影后出名的两只大猩猩之一。 took动词过去式；to take动词不定式；taken过去分词。根据“Ndakasi was one of the two gorillas becoming famous in 2019 after having their picture”可知，这里为have sth. done“使某物被做”结构，需用过去分词taken。故选C。 8. 句意：公园的一位负责人告诉英国广播公司。 head单数名词；heads复数名词；heads’复数名词所有格。根据“One of the”可知，“one of+可数名词复数”，head的复数是heads。故选B。 9. 句意：大猩猩正用双腿站立模仿人类。 are一般现在时；was一般过去时（is和am的过去式）；were一般过去时（are的过去式）。根据“imitating the humans by standing up on two legs.”可知，此处是过去进行时，主语the gorillas是复数，用“were+现在分词”。故选C。 10. 句意：野生大猩猩可以活大约40年，而动物园里的大猩猩可以活长达50年。 or或者；while然而；so所以。根据“Gorillas in the wild can live for around 40 years,”可知，前后表示对比转折，while有“然而”的意思。故选B。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）根据短文内容用所给词的适当形式填空 You may not realize it, but you are doing more than just 1 (study) when you are at school. School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people. However, this is not always easy. What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates? If you discover that you have 2 (problem) getting along with your classmates or friends, one of the 3 (important) things to learn is tolerance (宽容). Tolerance is the 4 (able) to realize and respect the differences in others. We can’t change the ways that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them. If everyone 5 (learn) tolerance, they will get on better with each other. Knowing others constantly (不断地) also lets us understand 6 (other) differences. Something different does not 7 (exact) mean that it is bad. Tolerance teaches us how 8 (keep) an even temper (温和的脾气) and an open mind. As an old 9 (say) goes, “Treat others how you want to be treated.” The world is very different, and practising tolerance in 10 (you) own school and city can help make things better. 【答案】 1. studying 2. problems 3. most important 4. ability 5. learns 6. others’ 7. exactly 8. to keep 9. saying 10. your 【导语】本文主要讲述了在学校中学会与人相处的重要性，强调了宽容是理解和尊重他人差异的关键，通过宽容可以更好地与他人相处。 1. 句意：你可能没有意识到这一点，但你在学校的时候不仅仅是在学习。介词than后加动名词形式studying“学习”，故填studying。 2. 句意：如果你发现你和同学或朋友相处有问题，最重要的事情之一就是学会宽容。problem“问题”，表示泛指，用用复数形式，故填problems。 3. 句意：如果你发现你和同学或朋友相处有问题，最重要的事情之一就是学会宽容。important“重要的”，形容词，此处是“one of the+最高级+名词复数”结构，空处用最高级形式，故填most important。 4. 句意：宽容是认识和尊重他人差异的能力。此处应用名词ability“能力”，在句中作表语，故填ability。 5. 句意：如果每个人都学会宽容，他们就会相处得更好。learn“学习”，句子是一般现在时，主语是everyone，动词用三单形式，故填learns。 6. 句意：不断地了解别人也能让我们理解别人的不同。此处指“别人的不同”，应用others’表示“别人的”，修饰名词differences，故填others’。 7. 句意：不同的东西并不一定意味着它是坏的。exact“确切的”，形容词，此处修饰动词mean，应用副词形式，故填exactly。 8. 句意：宽容教会我们如何保持温和的脾气和开放的心态。keep“保持”，此处是“疑问词+不定式”的结构，故填to keep。 9. 句意：俗话说：己所不欲，勿施于人。an修饰单数名词saying“谚语”，故填saying。 10. 句意：世界是非常不同的，在你自己的学校和城市里练习宽容可以帮助事情变得更好。此处修饰空后的名词，应用形容词性物主代词your，故填your。 Passage 2 （2024·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my bike. While I was waiting for the green light by the side of the road, 1 old man waved and walked towards me. I felt a little nervous. He said 2 (slow), “Excuse me, Could you please help me?” I looked at him up and down. He looked about seventy years old. He took out ten yuan and said, “You see the old lady over there? She 3 (sell) baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one 4 her?” He pointed at the woman about fifty 5 (meter) away. “But 6 don’t you buy it yourself?” I was puzzled (困惑的). The old man continued, “That old lady is my wife and it’s her 7 (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take gloves with her. I know she can’t stand the cold because her legs hurt, too. She told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn’t go home until all the sweet potatoes were sold out. I’m very 8 (worry) about her.” At that time, I 9 (understand) everything. I felt really warm and moved. Without 10 (take) the money, I rode fast to the old lady and bought the last sweet potato. 【答案】 1. an 2. slowly 3. is selling 4. from 5. meters 6. why 7. first 8. worried 9. understood 10. taking 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者下班回家途中遇到一位老人，老人想让他帮助自己买妻子卖的红薯的暖心故事。 1. 句意：当我在路边等绿灯的时候，一位老人在路边向我挥手走来。此处泛指一位老人，old以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 2. 句意：他慢慢地说：“打扰一下，请问你能帮帮我吗？”空处修饰动词，应用副词。故填slowly。 3. 句意：她在卖烤红薯。根据“You see the old lady over there?”可知，“卖”红薯的动作正在发生，应用现在进行时，主语是she，be动词用is。故填is selling。 4. 句意：你能拿着钱，帮我从她那里买一个吗？根据下文“don’t you buy it yourself?”可知，是指从那位老妇人那里买一个红薯，应用介词from“从”。故填from。 5. 句意：他指着距离大约五十米远的女人。fifty修饰meter的复数形式。故填meters。 6. 句意：但你为什么不自己买呢？根据“I was puzzled (困惑的)”可知，作者很疑惑老人为什么不自己去买红薯，而是让自己帮忙买，应用why。故填why。 7. 句意：那位老妇人是我的妻子，今天是她第一次卖烤红薯。根据“it’s her...(one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes,”可知，是指第一天卖红薯，应用序数词first。故填first。 8. 句意：我非常担心她。be worried about“担心”，固定搭配。故填worried。 9. 句意：那时候，我了解了一切。根据上下文可知，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填understood。 10. 句意：我没有拿钱，立即骑自行车快速去找那位老太太，买了最后一个烤红薯。without是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填taking。 Passage 3 （2024·山东威海·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Schoolyard Garden Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden? Many people 1 (not have) the pleasure of this experience. Alice White, the owner of a restaurant, set out to change all that for a special group of students at a middle school. Alice worked with the school's headmaster to create a cooking and gardening program at the school. She believes in the 2 (important) of people knowing where their food comes from. Her goal at the middle school was to show children the pleasure in gardening and in 3 (prepare) the foods that they grew. She wanted to teach them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand. The project that Alice began took a lot of time and patience. With the help of teachers, students and community volunteers, she 4 (turn) a parking lot into a garden. At the same time, she changed a cafeteria into a kitchen. There the students could prepare food and share meals with 5 (they) teachers. Students have found that they look forward to spending time in the garden each week. They have learned about the life cycles of different plants by gardening. They also know 6 to improve the earth by using the leftover of fruits and vegetables. Many have discovered that they like fruits and vegetables that they were not willing to try. Alice White dreams that one day there 7 (be) a garden in every school. She hopes that school lunches can be prepared using the produce from the gardens. If you are interested in learning 8 (much) about this schoolyard and finding out about how to start a garden at your school, visit www. schoolyard. com. 【答案】1. haven’t had 2. importance 3. preparing 4. turned 5. their 6. how 7. will be 8. more 【导语】本文主要介绍了AliceWaters发起的一项活动——在校园里种植粮食，让学生们吃到自己种的粮食，从而明白健康与环境的关系。 1. 句意：许多人还没有这种体验的乐趣。根据“Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden?”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，主语是many people，因此用助动词have+not构成否定句，动词用过去分词，故填haven’t had。 2. 句意：她相信人们知道食物来源的重要性。根据“believes in the”可知，需要名词，importance“重要性”符合句意，故填importance。 3. 句意：她在中学的目标是向孩子们展示种植和准备他们种植的食物的乐趣。介词in后接动名词形式，故填preparing。 4. 句意：在老师、学生和社区志愿者的帮助下，她把一个停车场变成了一个花园。根据“The project that Alice began took a lot of time and patience.”可知，时态是一般过去时，故填turned。 5. 句意：在那里，学生们可以和他们的老师一起准备食物和分享餐点。根据“teachers”可知，使用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词，故填their。 6. 句意：他们还知道如何通过使用水果和蔬菜的剩余部分来改善地球。根据“to improve the earth”可知，知道怎么做，使用疑问词how，故填how。 7. 句意：Alice White梦想有一天每所学校都会有一个花园。根据“one day”可知，句子时态是一般将来时，will be符合句意，故填will be。 8. 句意：如果你有兴趣了解更多关于这个校园的信息并了解如何在你的学校开设一个花园，请访问www.schoolyard.com。根据“about this schoolyard”可知，了解更多关于这个校园的信息，使用比较级more，故填more。 6 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法·精练 第八讲 动词2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、动词分类及核心用法表 此表格梳理动词四大类（实义动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）的核心定义、功能及关键规则，覆盖 “能否独立作谓语”“搭配要求” 等核心考点，是理解动词基本用法的基础。 动词类别 定义 / 核心功能 关键规则 实义动词 能独立作谓语，表具体动作或状态，分及物（vt.）、不及物（vi.） 1. 及物动词：需接宾语，有 “主 + 谓 + 宾”“主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾”“主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补”3 种句型 2. 不及物动词：无宾，接宾需加介词，无被动语态 3. 部分动词可兼作及物 / 不及物 系动词 连接主语与表语，构 “系表结构”，无实义 1. 后接形容词作表语，不可接副词 2. 无被动语态 3. 分四类：状态类（be）、持续类（keep/stay）、感官类（look/smell 等）、变化类（become/turn 等） 助动词 协助主要动词构时态、语态、疑问 / 否定，无实义 1. 不可单独作谓语，需与主要动词搭配 2. 常见类型：be（构进行时 / 被动）、do（构疑问 / 否定）、will/shall（构将来时）、have（构完成时） 情态动词 表说话人态度（能力、许可等），需接动词原形 1. 无人称 / 数变化 2. 否定式多为 “情态动词 + not”（must/have to 除外） 3. 疑问式需将情态动词提至主语前（详见专题九） 注意事项： 1. 实义动词中，使役动词（make/let/have）后接不带 to 的不定式作宾补，感官动词（see/hear）后可接不带 to 的不定式（表动作结束）或 v.-ing（表动作进行）； 2. 系动词不可误作实义动词使用，如 “the food tastes well” 错误，需用形容词 “delicious”（正确：the food tastes delicious）； 3. 助动词 “do” 仅用于一般现在时 / 过去时，其他时态需用对应助动词（如现在完成时用 “have/has”，不可用 “do”）。 二、动词五种基本形式变化表 此表格明确动词第三人称单数、过去式 / 过去分词、现在分词的规则变化，覆盖高频变形类型，是解决 “词形转换” 题型的核心依据。 动词形式 适用时态 / 场景 规则变化 第三人称单数 一般现在时（主语为三单） 1. 一般词尾加 - s 2. 以 s/o/x/sh/ch 结尾加 - es 3. 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - es 过去式 / 过去分词 一般过去时、完成时、被动语态 1. 一般词尾加 - ed 2. 以不发音 e 结尾加 - d 3. 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾，变 y 为 i 加 - ed 4. 以重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅结构），双写尾字母加 - ed 现在分词 进行时（现在 / 过去进行时） 1. 一般词尾加 - ing 2. 以不发音 e 结尾，去 e 加 - ing 3. 以重读闭音节结尾（辅元辅结构），双写尾字母加 - ing 4. 以 ie 结尾，变 i 加 - ing 注意事项： 1. 不规则变化需单独记忆（如 go→goes→went→gone，eat→eats→ate→eaten），不可套用规则； 2. “辅音 + y” 结尾的动词，变第三人称单数、过去式 / 过去分词时均需变 y 为 i（如 study→studies→studied），但变现在分词时直接加 - ing（study→studying）； 3. 重读闭音节判断标准：末尾只有一个辅音字母，且该音节重读（如 stop/stɑːp / 是重读闭音节，open/ˈəʊpən / 非重读闭音节，无需双写）。 三、动词常见词形转换表（除基本形式外） 此表格整理动词变名词、动名词、不定式、形容词的核心规则，覆盖高频转换类型，助力解决 “用所给词适当形式填空” 题型。 转换类型 适用场景 规则变化 动词变名词 作主语、宾语，或被形容词 / 数词修饰时 1. 加 - er/or（表人或工具，如 teach→teacher） 2. 加 - ment（表动作 / 状态，如 develop→development） 3. 加 - ion/tion/sion（表动作 / 结果，如 invent→invention） 4. 特殊变化（如 choose→choice，die→death） 动词变动名词（v.-ing） 介词后、进行时中、固定搭配、作主语时 1. 规则同 “现在分词”（一般加 - ing，特殊情况按现在分词规则变形） 2. 无需额外变化，直接按现在分词规则转换 动词变不定式（to do） 及物动词后作宾语、作宾补 / 状语 / 后置定语时 1. 基本形式：to + 动词原形 2. 特殊情况：使役动词 / 感官动词后接不带 to 的不定式（如 make sb. do sth.） 动词变形容词 作表语（系动词后）、定语（修饰名词）时 1. 加 - ed/-ing（-ed 表 “人感到……”，-ing 表 “事物令人……”，如 excited/exciting） 2. 加 - able（表 “可…… 的”，如 accept→acceptable） 3. 特殊变化（如 die→dead，sleep→asleep） 注意事项： 1. 动词变名词时，部分词需去 e 加后缀（如 create→creation，而非 createion）； 2. 动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数（如 “Reading is good for you”，不可用 “are”）； 3. 不定式作主语时，常用 “it” 作形式主语（如 “It’s important to study hard”，避免 “To study hard is important” 的冗长表达）。 四、高频动词短语分类表 此表格按 “同一动词型”“同一介词 / 副词型” 分类，整理文档中高频动词短语，明确核心含义，覆盖中考常考搭配。 短语类别 核心动词 / 介词 / 副词 具体短语及含义 同一动词型 come come across（偶然遇见）、come out（出版 / 开花）、come up with（提出）、come true（实现） look look after（照顾）、look up（查阅 / 抬头看）、look for（寻找）、look out（当心） take take off（起飞 / 脱下）、take part in（参加）、take care of（照顾）、take pride in（以…… 为荣） put put on（穿上 / 上演）、put off（推迟）、put up（张贴 / 搭建）、put away（收起） 同一介词 / 副词型 up cheer up（使振作）、give up（放弃）、pick up（捡起 / 接人）、set up（建立） out find out（查明）、work out（解决 / 算出）、run out（用尽）、look out（当心） at arrive at（到达小地点）、laugh at（嘲笑）、point at（指向）、shout at（对…… 大喊） 混合型 无固定核心词 deal with（处理）、agree with（同意）、make up（编造 / 化妆）、take place（发生） 注意事项： 1. 动词短语为固定搭配，不可随意拆分或替换介词 / 副词（如 “look for” 表 “寻找”，不可说 “look after”）； 2. 部分短语有多重含义（如 “take off” 可表 “起飞” 或 “脱下”），需结合语境判断； 3. 同一介词 / 副词搭配不同动词时，含义差异大（如 “give up” 表 “放弃”，“pick up” 表 “捡起”），需逐个记忆。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·上海闵行·三模）As an officer at the airport, he has to every traveler’s passport carefully. (exam) 2．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）Some wild animals may (appear) forever if we don’t stop hunting them. 3．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）You’d better (repair) the house and mend the hole as soon as possible. 4．（2024·江苏无锡·模拟预测）Who would you (suggestion) for the position after the interview? 5．（2025·上海·模拟预测）The black man begged for his life by saying, “I can’t .” (breath) 6．（2024·江苏无锡·二模）Simon is creative? you (mean) he can always make up an excuse when he makes a mistake? 7．（2025·甘肃定西·模拟预测）There (be) many Chinese poems in this book. 8．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Tom asked why I (be) late. 9．（2023·黑龙江·一模）The rich （be）not always happy. Everyone has worries. 10．（2023·湖南永州·三模）Most of the students think three years of junior high school life （be）not long. 11．（2023·江苏无锡·三模）Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, (wealth) and wise. 12．（2022·江苏盐城·二模）Would you please speak louder to make yourself ? (understand) 13．（2022·上海金山·一模）We need to make the club to more young people. (attract) 14．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Sometimes prices of products may us that we can save some money. (foolish) 15．（2025·上海·模拟预测）Can you the problem in a different way? (solution) 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·陕西咸阳·模拟预测）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Last Saturday morning, our school organized an environmental protection activity. The sun 1 shining brightly and all ninth-grade students gathered at the entrance of Xingqing Park. Our teacher Mr. Lee stood in front of 2 students and explained that our task was to clean the park and plant new trees. He reminded us, “Remember, even small actions can 3 a big difference!” We 4 into three groups. Group One’s job was to clean the riverbank. They found 5 plastic bags and bottles in the water. “Look! This bottle 6 here for at least a year!” shouted Lisa. Her friend asked, “ 7 believe people threw trash here?” Group Two focused on sorting garbage. 8 volunteer from Italy taught them how to separate recyclables. I was in Group Three. Our task was 9 flowers. The teacher told us to dig holes first. We put the young plants into the soil. Suddenly, it started raining, but no one stopped working. By 3 p. m., the park looked completely different! The air smelled fresher, and birds were singing happily. Mr. Lee smiled and said, “I’m proud of 10 today!” 1. A．is B．was C．are D．were 2. A．hundred B．hundreds C．hundred of D．hundreds of 3. A．makes B．making C．to make D．make 4. A．are divided B．were divided C．divide D．divided 5. A．few B．little C．many D．much 6. A．has lain B．is lying C．lies D．lay 7. A．You do B．You are C．Do you D．Are you 8. A．A B．An C．The D．/ 9. A．put B．to put C．plant D．to plant 10. A．what you did B．what did you C．how do you D．how you do Passage 2 （2025·陕西西安·模拟预测） Humans have always shared the planet with animals. But for many years, our actions 1 serious harm to many animals. One of the biggest problems is habitat destruction (栖息地破坏). As cities grow 2 and forests are cut down for farming and new buildings, animals lose their homes. This forces them to move to new areas, where they may find it hard to get food or homes. For example, cutting down too 3 trees in the Amazon rainforest has caused countless animals, like monkeys, to lose their homes. Pollution 4 another major problem. Chemicals from factories and plastic waste can harm animals and their habitats. Many sea animals, like turtles, mistake plastic for food, which can cause illness or death. Climate change, caused by human activities, 5 influences animals. Rising temperatures and changing weather influence the environment, making it harder for animals 6 . Hunting has made some kinds of animals almost disappear. Animals like elephants and tigers are hunted 7 their teeth or fur (皮毛). Even though many countries have laws to protect these animals, illegal* hunting continues to be 8 serious problem. All of us should think about 9 to solve this problem. Although there are some challenges, there is still hope. Animals and their habitats 10 by people who take action actively around the world every year. *The word “illegal” means not allowed by the law. 1. A．were causing B．will cause C．are causing D．have caused 2. A．rapid B．rapidly C．wide D．widely 3. A．many B．much C．little D．few 4. A．am B．is C．are D．be 5. A．but B．however C．also D．and 6. A．live B．to live C．living D．lived 7. A．with B．in C．to D．for 8. A．a B．an C．the D．/ 9. A．how we can help B．how can we help C．where we can go D．where can we go 10. A．save B．saved C．are saved D．were saved Passage 3 （2025·广东东莞·三模）Ndakasi, a famous gorilla (大猩猩), has died at age 14 1 September 26, 2021. The Virunga National Park in Congo broke (公布) the sad news saying that Ndakasi 2 after a long illness. According to the park, Ndakasi spent the last moment of her life in the loving arms of her caretaker and lifelong friend, Andre Bauma. Virunga workers found Ndakasi next to her dead mother’s body in 2007 when she was only two months old. They said that Ndakasi’s mother 3 by poachers (偷猎者). Then they took her to the park. They said 4 it was in this park that Ndakasi lived for nearly 14 years. Andre held the gorilla in his arms the night she was found, and has been friends with her since then. “It was a good luck to care for such 5 loving creature, especially after 6 her story,” Andre said. “I loved her like a child and her nice personality brought a smile to my face every time I stayed with her.” Ndakasi was one of the two gorillas becoming famous in 2019 after having their picture 7 with two caretakers at Virunga National Park. One of the 8 of the park told the BBC that the gorillas 9 imitating the humans by standing up on two legs. Gorillas in the wild can live for around 40 years, 10 those in zoos can live for as long as 50 years. According to Gunness World Records, the oldest living gorilla in a zoo is Fatou. It lives in a zoo in Germany and is 64 years old. 1. A．at B．in C．On 2. A．die B．died C．dying 3. A．killed B．is killed C．was killed 4. A．that B．if C．where 5. A．an B．the C．a 6. A．know B．knowing C．knew 7. A．took B．to take C．taken 8. A．head B．heads C．heads’ 9. A．are B．was C．were 10. A．or B．while C．so 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）根据短文内容用所给词的适当形式填空 You may not realize it, but you are doing more than just 1 (study) when you are at school. School is also the place where you learn to get along well with people. However, this is not always easy. What can you do if you just don’t like one of your classmates? If you discover that you have 2 (problem) getting along with your classmates or friends, one of the 3 (important) things to learn is tolerance (宽容). Tolerance is the 4 (able) to realize and respect the differences in others. We can’t change the ways that other people do, so it is important to learn to live happily with them. If everyone 5 (learn) tolerance, they will get on better with each other. Knowing others constantly (不断地) also lets us understand 6 (other) differences. Something different does not 7 (exact) mean that it is bad. Tolerance teaches us how 8 (keep) an even temper (温和的脾气) and an open mind. As an old 9 (say) goes, “Treat others how you want to be treated.” The world is very different, and practising tolerance in 10 (you) own school and city can help make things better. Passage 2 （2024·四川广元·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 It was nine on a cold winter night. I hurried to go home from work on my bike. While I was waiting for the green light by the side of the road, 1 old man waved and walked towards me. I felt a little nervous. He said 2 (slow), “Excuse me, Could you please help me?” I looked at him up and down. He looked about seventy years old. He took out ten yuan and said, “You see the old lady over there? She 3 (sell) baked sweet potatoes. Could you just take the money and buy one 4 her?” He pointed at the woman about fifty 5 (meter) away. “But 6 don’t you buy it yourself?” I was puzzled (困惑的). The old man continued, “That old lady is my wife and it’s her 7 (one) day to sell baked sweet potatoes. She forgot to take gloves with her. I know she can’t stand the cold because her legs hurt, too. She told me there was only one sweet potato left and that she wouldn’t go home until all the sweet potatoes were sold out. I’m very 8 (worry) about her.” At that time, I 9 (understand) everything. I felt really warm and moved. Without 10 (take) the money, I rode fast to the old lady and bought the last sweet potato. Passage 3 （2024·山东威海·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 A Schoolyard Garden Have you ever eaten something that you grew in your own garden? Many people 1 (not have) the pleasure of this experience. Alice White, the owner of a restaurant, set out to change all that for a special group of students at a middle school. Alice worked with the school's headmaster to create a cooking and gardening program at the school. She believes in the 2 (important) of people knowing where their food comes from. Her goal at the middle school was to show children the pleasure in gardening and in 3 (prepare) the foods that they grew. She wanted to teach them that a healthy body and a healthy environment go hand in hand. The project that Alice began took a lot of time and patience. With the help of teachers, students and community volunteers, she 4 (turn) a parking lot into a garden. At the same time, she changed a cafeteria into a kitchen. There the students could prepare food and share meals with 5 (they) teachers. Students have found that they look forward to spending time in the garden each week. They have learned about the life cycles of different plants by gardening. They also know 6 to improve the earth by using the leftover of fruits and vegetables. Many have discovered that they like fruits and vegetables that they were not willing to try. Alice White dreams that one day there 7 (be) a garden in every school. She hopes that school lunches can be prepared using the produce from the gardens. If you are interested in learning 8 (much) about this schoolyard and finding out about how to start a garden at your school, visit www. schoolyard. com. 3 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $