Unit 5 Play by the rules 规则生活（话题阅读精练）英语外研版2024八年级上册

Unit 5 Play by the rules 规则生活 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 303 本文介绍了新加坡公共场合有诸多严格规定。 实战演练 阅读理解 A 记叙文 160 本文讲述作者和朋友因在图书馆大声讨论、忽视提醒而被禁止一周后领悟到规则的重要性。 B 记叙文 278 本文介绍了美国教师Ron Clark通过制定55条规则帮助弱势学生改变学习和生活态度的故事。 完形填空 记叙文 193 本文讲述Alice近期因家庭和学校有太多规则而感到不开心，她的老师Dr. Know了解情况后给她建议。 选词填空 说明文 193 本文介绍了制定家庭制度的重要性和时间等信息。 时文阅读 Passage 1 Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in the world and attracts a large number of people around the world every year. People in the country have many strict rules in public. These rules make sure that streets are clean and parks look nice. Now, we’ve listed the “Dos and Don’ts” in Singapore. There are many things you must do in Singapore. When using the escalator (自动扶梯) in Singapore, you must stand on the left and walk on the right. This allows those people who want to walk up to go around you easily. Singapore also provides bike-riding roads and walking roads, so you must make sure you walk on the right roads. This keeps everyone much safer. And cash (现金) is welcomed in Singapore. Many shops in the neighborhood hope customers to pay in cash, so having enough cash in hand is important. Also, you must bring a bottle if you want to drink water, because you can get tap water (自来水) easily in Singapore. The water is carefully tested, so it’s safe to drink straight from the tap. Bottled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis. However, there are some things that you can’t do. In Singapore, for example, the sale of chewing gum (口香糖) is not allowed. You cannot even bring gum with you. To keep public transportation clean, eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed, as it can make the seats and floors dirty. You can’t play loud music or talk loudly on your phone either, since it might make other passengers angry. People in Singapore take their rules very seriously, which makes their country clean and enjoyable for people from around the world. 1．What can people do in Singapore? A．Chew gum in public places. B．Talk with others loudly on the bus. C．Buy bottled water with cash. D．Stand on the right on an escalator. 2．What does the underlined word “gratis” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Fresh. B．Cool. C．Delicious. D．Free. 3．Why CAN’T people eat on trains in Singapore? A．Because food is not sold on trains. B．Because it may make the floor dirty. C．Because other people may get hungry. D．Because the train tickets are expensive. 4．What does the passage mainly introduce about Singapore? A．Strict rules. B．Water safety. C．Public roads. D．Cash using. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了新加坡作为世界上最干净的国家之一，其民众在公共场合有诸多严格规定，并具体列出了在新加坡的“可以做”与“不可以做”的事项。 1．细节理解题。根据“cash (现金) is welcomed in Singapore...”和“Bottled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive”可知，在新加坡现金是受欢迎的，且瓶装水可以买到，因此可以用现金购买瓶装水。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Bottled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis.”可知，瓶装水价格昂贵，while（然而）表转折，说明自来水与瓶装水相反，即免费的。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“To keep public transportation clean, eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed, as it can make the seats and floors dirty.”可知，在新加坡不允许在火车上吃东西，因为这可能会弄脏座位和地板。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据“People in the country have many strict rules in public. These rules make sure that streets are clean and parks look nice. Now, we’ve listed the ‘Dos and Don’ts’ in Singapore.”可知，文章主要介绍了新加坡的一些“可以做”和“不可以做”的严格规定。故选A。 【全文翻译】 新加坡是世界上最干净的国家之一，每年吸引着大量来自世界各地的人。该国的人们在公共场合有许多严格的规定。这些规定确保街道整洁、公园美观。现在，我们列出了新加坡的 “注意事项与禁止行为”。 在新加坡，有很多事情是你必须做的。在新加坡乘坐自动扶梯时，你必须靠左站立、靠右行走。这样能让那些想快步向上走的人轻松地从你身边走过。新加坡也设有自行车道和人行道，所以你必须确保走在正确的道路上。这能让所有人都更安全。此外，新加坡接受现金支付。社区里的许多商店希望顾客用现金付款，所以随身携带足够的现金很重要。 而且，如果你想喝水，必须带一个瓶子，因为在新加坡很容易获取自来水。这里的水经过严格检测，所以直接饮用自来水是安全的。瓶装水随处可见，但价格相当昂贵，而自来水是免费的。 然而，有些事情是你不能做的。例如，在新加坡，口香糖的销售是不被允许的。你甚至不能随身携带口香糖。为了保持公共交通的整洁，在火车和公交车上禁止饮食，因为这会弄脏座椅和地板。你也不能大声播放音乐或在手机上大声通话，因为这可能会惹恼其他乘客。 新加坡人非常重视他们的规定，这使得他们的国家保持整洁，让来自世界各地的人们都能在此愉快地生活和旅行。 【长难句分析】 ‌1. 原句：Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in the world and attracts a large number of people around the world every year. 翻译：新加坡是世界上最干净的国家之一，每年吸引着大量来自世界各地的人。分析：该句为并列句，由连词 “and” 连接两个谓语动词 “is” 和 “attracts”，主语均为 “Singapore”。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，是八年级重点语法结构。 2. 原句：This allows those people who want to walk up to go around you easily. 翻译：这样能让那些想快步向上走的人轻松地从你身边走过。分析：主句主干为 “This allows those people to go around you easily”，“allow sb. to do sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “允许某人做某事”。“who want to walk up” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “those people”，who 在从句中作主语。 3. 原句：Bottled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis. 翻译：瓶装水随处可见，但价格相当昂贵，而自来水是免费的。分析：该句为并列复合句，由 “but” 和 “while” 连接三个分句。“but” 表转折，强调瓶装水的 “易获取” 与 “昂贵” 的对比；“while” 在此处也表对比，突出瓶装水与自来水的价格差异，是理解句子逻辑的关键。 4. 原句：To keep public transportation clean, eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed, as it can make the seats and floors dirty. 翻译：为了保持公共交通的整洁，在火车和公交车上禁止饮食，因为这会弄脏座椅和地板。分析：句首 “To keep public transportation clean” 是不定式作目的状语。主句 “eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed” 为被动语态，主语是动名词短语 “eating and drinking...”。“as” 引导原因状语从句，解释禁止饮食的原因。 【重难词汇梳理】 ‌ ② 重难词汇梳理（共 15 个） 词汇 音标 词性 汉语翻译 strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严格的 public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的 escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯 allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许 neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. 社区，街区 customer /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/ n. 顾客 tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头；自来水 test /test/ v. 检测，测试 available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的，可得到的 expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的 gratis /ˈɡrætɪs/ adj. 免费的 chewing gum /ˈtʃuːɪŋ ɡʌm/ n. 口香糖 transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ n. 交通，运输 passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客 enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/ adj. 愉快的，快乐的 实战演练 一、阅读理解 A The Library Lesson Rules sometimes feel restrictive, but last month I learned their true value through an experience in our school library. Our librarian, Ms. Reed, announced new rules to keep the study area peaceful. The key requirement was to avoid loud discussions after school. Many students ignored this, including my friend Tom and me. One Wednesday, we chatted loudly while working on a history project. Ms. Reed reminded us twice to lower our voices, but we continued. The consequence came quickly: We got banned from the library for a week. To complete our research, we had to use the noisy cafeteria instead. Distractions everywhere made concentrating impossible. Our work quality suffered terribly. That week taught me why rules matter. They aren’t meant to control us but to protect everyone’s rights. Now I understand to follow reasonable rules actually saves time and reduces stress. Tom and I even volunteered to help monitor the library area—our way of making amends. 1．Why did the librarian introduce new rules? A．To ban students from projects. B．To maintain a quiet study environment. C．To make students use the cafeteria. D．To punish specific students. 2．What happened immediately after the students ignored warnings? A．They completed work faster. B．They lost library privileges for a week. C．Ms. Reed cancelled all rules. D．The library became noisier. 3．What does “avoid” mean in Paragraph 2? A．To encourage. B．To ignore deliberately. C．To prevent from happening. D．To participate in actively. 4．What lesson did the writer learn? A．Rules exist only for punishment. B．Breaking rules saves time. C．Rules protect collective interests. D．Cafeterias are better than libraries. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过讲述作者和朋友因在图书馆大声讨论、忽视提醒而被禁止一周，后在嘈杂食堂完成作业时效率低下，进而领悟“规则并非控制人，而是保护所有人权利”的经历，既体现规则的重要性，也展现个人对规则从忽视到认可、维护的态度转变。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Our librarian, Ms. Reed, announced new rules to keep the study area peaceful.”可知，图书管理员里德女士宣布了新规则，目的是保持学习区域的安静。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Ms. Reed reminded us twice to lower our voices, but we continued.”和第三段“The consequence came quickly: We got banned from the library for a week.”可知，在忽视警告后，他们立即被禁止进入图书馆一周。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第二段“Our librarian, Ms. Reed, announced new rules to keep the study area peaceful. The key requirement was to avoid loud discussions after school.”可知，新规则目的是“确保学习区域保持安静”，也就是说，为了有一个安静的学习环境，图书馆里应避免大声讨论；据此可以推断，划线单词“avoid”意为“不做某事、防止某事发生”。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。综合全文，作者因在图书馆喧哗被禁后，只能在嘈杂食堂完成作业(无法专注)，这一经历让其深刻反思：打破规则看似是“个人自由”，实则破坏了他人“享受安静学习”的权利，进而损害“大家共同拥有安静学习空间”的集体利益。再结合最后一段核心句“They aren’t meant to control us but to protect everyone’s rights.”可知，规则的本质是通过保护每个学生的个人权利，最终维护集体利益，这与选项C“规则保护集体利益。” 完全契合。故选C。 B Ron Clark is the writer of The Essential 55, a book about teaching students the rules for life. He was named Disney’s American Teacher of the Year for 2000. He helped many disadvantaged (弱势的) students and made a difference in their lives. Clark’s story started at a primary school in North Carolina, the US. The first time he walked into his fifth-grade class, he met lots of problems. The children had little interest in learning and they often played or slept in class. To make a change, Clark wrote down 55 rules for them. Soon the students made progress in both their studies and lives. They learned to respect others and to be the best of themselves. Some rules from The Essential 55Rule 1: Make eye contact (交流). Rule 2: Do your homework every night. Rule 3: If someone asks you a question, you should ask a question in return (作为回报). Rule 4: Learn the names of other teachers in the school and greet them. Rule 5: Do not save seats in the lunchroom. Rule 6: Always say thank you when you get something. Clark doesn’t think it’s so hard to teach his students these rules. “I explain each rule, and then we role-play so that the students know how it works. The first week is just for practice. I will help them remember the rules they broke. After this week, each time they break a rule, they need to go over it.” Clark hopes that when his students leave his classroom, they can have skills that will help them for the rest of their lives. 1．Why was Ron Clark named Disney’s American Teacher of the Year for 2000? A．He wrote a famous book about school rules. B．He helped many students change their lives. C．He taught for years in North Carolina. D．He created some useful life skills. 2．Why did Clark make the 55 rules at first? A．To play acting games. B．To help with homework. C．To improve students’ learning habits. D．To prepare for a school performance. 3．What should the students do when they meet a teacher at school? A．Look at their eyes. B．Ask a question quickly. C．Say “hello” politely. D．Run to the classroom. 4．What do the underlined words “go over” mean? A．恢复 B．克服 C．检查 D．复习 5．What does Clark most want for his students? A．To remember the rules perfectly. B．To get good grades on exams. C．To learn useful skills for life. D．To act well in class. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了美国教师Ron Clark通过制定55条规则帮助弱势学生改变学习和生活态度的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“He helped many disadvantaged students and made a difference in their lives.”可知，他帮助了许多弱势学生，改变了他们的生活，故Ron Clark获奖的原因是帮助学生改变生活。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“The children had little interest in learning… To make a change, Clark wrote down 55 rules for them.”可知，制定规则的目的是改善学生的学习习惯。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Rule 4: Learn the names of other teachers in the school and greet them.”可知，当学生在学校见到老师时，应礼貌问候老师。故选C。 4．词句猜测题。根据“After this week, each time they break a rule, they need to go over it.”可知，学生们每次违反规则后，需要重新回顾或复习这些规则，以加深记忆，go over意为 “复习”。故选D。 5．细节理解题。根据“Clark hopes that… they can have skills that will help them for the rest of their lives.”可知，Clark希望学生学到生活技能。故选C。 二、完形填空 Alice has some problems in her life these days. She is unhappy because there are too many rules to 1 at home and school. For example, she has to make her 2 before breakfast. Then she always 3 to school because every student must get to school on time. At school, every student needs to 4 uniforms. And she mustn’t use her phone. After school, she must finish her homework first. Then she has to 5 playing the piano for an hour. Finally, she can play her favourite ping-pong. She can’t hang out with her friends on weekdays. Her teacher, Dr. Know, knows about her problems and gives her some 6 . First, students can’t get to school late because they should 7 respect (尊敬) for their classmates and teachers. Second, some students can’t focus on learning when they bring 8 mobile phones. What’s more, wearing uniforms at school helps to build school 9 . You can’t go out on weekdays, but you can 10 at weekends. As the saying goes, “No rules, no order!” Dr. Know thinks that rules are an important way to help make the world better. 1．A．follow B．change C．make D．buy 2．A．bed B．place C．order D．work 3．A．calls B．hurries C．listens D．knows 4．A．draw B．make C．paint D．wear 5．A．enjoy B．love C．mind D．practise 6．A．laugh B．homework C．advice D．order 7．A．give B．show C．find D．tell 8．A．them B．their C．his D．her 9．A．luck B．spirit C．name D．page 10．A．hang out B．act out C．get up D．pick up 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文讲述了Alice近期因家庭和学校有太多规则而感到不开心，她的老师Dr. Know了解情况后，从“尊重他人、专注学习、凝聚校园精神”等角度解释了规则的合理性，并建议她可在周末和朋友外出，最终点明“无规矩不成方圆”，规则是让世界变得更好的重要方式这一核心观点。 1．句意：她不开心是因为在家里和学校有太多的规则要遵守。 follow遵守；change改变；make制定；buy购买。根据空前“many rules”可知，此处是指遵守规则，考查follow rules“遵守规则”。故选A。 2．句意：例如，她必须在早餐前整理床铺。 bed床；place地方；order顺序，命令；work工作。make one’s bed“整理床铺”，固定搭配，早餐前整理床铺是家庭生活中常见的规则场景。故选A。 3．句意：然后她总是匆忙赶去学校，因为每个学生都必须准时到校。 calls打电话；hurries匆忙；listens听；knows知道。根据下文“must get to school on time”可知，必须按时到校，可推断Alice需要匆忙去学校；考查hurry to school“匆忙去上学”，固定搭配，符合语境。故选B。 4．句意：在学校，每个学生都需要穿校服。 draw画；make制作；paint绘画；wear穿。根据下文“wearing uniforms at school”可知，此处是指学生要穿校服，考查wear uniforms“穿校服”，固定搭配，符合学校规则的语境。故选D。 5．句意：然后她必须练习弹钢琴一小时。 enjoy享受；love喜爱；mind介意；practise练习。根据“playing the piano for an hour”可知，此处是指练习弹钢琴一小时，是常见的规则要求之一，其他选项“享受/热爱/介意”与“has to”的强制性语气矛盾。故选D。 6．句意：她的老师Dr. Know知道了她的问题，并给她一些建议。 laugh笑声；homework作业；advice建议；order命令。下文“First... Second... What’s more...”均是老师给出的观点，属于advice“建议”，而其他选项“笑声/作业/命令”不符合“帮助解决问题”的语境。故选C。 7．句意：首先，学生不能迟到，因为他们应该向同学和老师表示尊重。 give给予；show表达，展示；find找到；tell告诉。根据“respect for their classmates and teachers”可知，此处是指向同学和老师表示尊重；考查show respect for sb.“向某人表示尊重”，常用表达。故选B。 8．句意：第二，当一些学生带来他们的手机时，他们无法专注于学习。 them他们；their他们的；his他的；her她的。空后是名词短语“mobile phones”，需用形容词性物主代词修饰，且主语“they” (指代some students) 是复数，对应的形容词性物主代词为their。故选B。 9．句意：而且，在学校穿校服有助于建立学校精神。 luck运气；spirit精神；name名字；page页码。school spirit“校园精神；集体荣誉感”，指学校成员共同的归属感与凝聚力，是名词短语。穿统一校服能消除个体差异、强化集体身份认同，因此有助于建立校园精神，这是穿校服的常见意义。故选B。 10．句意：你在工作日不能出去，但你可以在周末闲逛。 hang out闲逛；act out表演出来；get up起床；pick up捡起。根据上文“She can’t hang out with her friends on weekdays.”可知，她工作日不能和朋友闲逛，此处“but”表转折，所以此处是指“可以在周末去闲逛”，用“hang out”保持语义一致；其他选项与“外出”无关。故选A。 三、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。 also     allow     simple     somewhere     do     safety wall     follow     smoke     without     they     teach Many families find it useful to write down some rules about what family members are expected to do. Every family member should know what is or isn’t 1 . The rules can be stuck on the fridge. In that way, younger children can have a chance to read 2 . Rules are also helpful to teenagers. Instead of sticking the rules on the fridge, it’s a good idea to keep them 3 a little more private. For example, teenagers can stick the rules on the 4 of their bedrooms. When to Start Making Rules You can manage to make 5 rules as soon as your child has the language skills to understand them. Young children will need parents’ support 6 rules. They need help to understand and remember rules. You can give your child a hug if he or she 7 well. Teenagers and Rules Rules about 8 are helpful to teenagers. Many people think teenagers should not be allowed to stay out late. Besides, 9 a driver’s license, teenagers should not drive a car. Rules about health are 10 very necessary. For example, teenagers shouldn’t smoke. It is bad for their health. 【答案】 1．allowed 2．them 3．somewhere 4．walls 5．simple 6．to follow 7．does 8．safety 9．without 10．also 【导语】本文介绍了制定家庭制度的重要性和时间等信息。 1．句意：每个家庭成员都应该知道什么是被允许的，什么是不被允许的。根据“write down some rules about what family members are expected to do.”及备选词可知，是指应该知道什么是被允许的，什么是不被允许的，allow“允许”，此处是被动语态，空处用动词过去分词。故填allowed。 2．句意：那样，年幼的孩子就有机会阅读它们。此处指代前文的rules，且作动词read的宾语，用宾格代词them。故填them。 3．句意：而不是把这些规则贴在冰箱上，把它们放在一个更私密一点的地方是个好主意。根据“keep them ... a little more private”可知，是指更私密一点的地方，somewhere“某地”符合语境。故填somewhere。 4．句意：例如，青少年可以把规则贴在卧室的墙上。根据“stick the rules on the ... of their bedrooms.”及备选词可知，是指把规则贴在卧室的墙上，wall“墙”，结合“their bedrooms”可知，用名词复数。故填walls。 5．句意：你的孩子一有语言技能来理解它们，你就可以设法制定简单的规则。根据“as soon as your child has the language skills to understand them.”及备选词可知，是指制定简单的规则，用simple“简单的”，作定语。故填simple。 6．句意：年幼的孩子将会需要父母的支持才能遵守规则。根据“rules”可知，是指遵守规则，follow“遵守”，need sth to do sth“需要某物来做某事”。故填to follow。 7．句意：如果你的孩子做得好，你可以给他或她一个拥抱。根据“You can give your child a hug”及备选词可知，是指孩子做得好，do well“做得好”，主语he or she是第三人称单数，且此句包含if引导的条件状语从句，主句中含有情态动词can，从句的时态为一般现在时，动词用第三人称单数。故填does。 8．句意：有关安全的规则对青少年来说很有用。根据“Many people think teenagers should not be allowed to stay out late”可知，这里指关于安全的规则，safety“安全”，为不可数名词。故填safety。 9．句意：此外，没有驾照，青少年不应该开车。根据“a driver’s license, teenagers should not drive a car.”可知，是指没有驾照，青少年不应该开车，介词without“没有”符合。故填without。 10．句意：关于健康的规则也是非常必要的。根据“For example, teenagers shouldn’t smoke. It is bad for their health.”及备选词可知，是指关于健康的规则也是必要的，肯定句中用also表示“也”。故填also。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 5 Play by the rules 规则生活 话题阅读精练 模块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage 1 阅读理解 说明文 303 本文介绍了新加坡公共场合有诸多严格规定。 实战演练 阅读理解 A 记叙文 160 本文讲述作者和朋友因在图书馆大声讨论、忽视提醒而被禁止一周后领悟到规则的重要性。 B 记叙文 278 本文介绍了美国教师Ron Clark通过制定55条规则帮助弱势学生改变学习和生活态度的故事。 完形填空 记叙文 193 本文讲述Alice近期因家庭和学校有太多规则而感到不开心，她的老师Dr. Know了解情况后给她建议。 选词填空 说明文 193 本文介绍了制定家庭制度的重要性和时间等信息。 时文阅读 Passage 1 Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in the world and attracts a large number of people around the world every year. People in the country have many strict rules in public. These rules make sure that streets are clean and parks look nice. Now, we’ve listed the “Dos and Don’ts” in Singapore. There are many things you must do in Singapore. When using the escalator (自动扶梯) in Singapore, you must stand on the left and walk on the right. This allows those people who want to walk up to go around you easily. Singapore also provides bike-riding roads and walking roads, so you must make sure you walk on the right roads. This keeps everyone much safer. And cash (现金) is welcomed in Singapore. Many shops in the neighborhood hope customers to pay in cash, so having enough cash in hand is important. Also, you must bring a bottle if you want to drink water, because you can get tap water (自来水) easily in Singapore. The water is carefully tested, so it’s safe to drink straight from the tap. Bottled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis. However, there are some things that you can’t do. In Singapore, for example, the sale of chewing gum (口香糖) is not allowed. You cannot even bring gum with you. To keep public transportation clean, eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed, as it can make the seats and floors dirty. You can’t play loud music or talk loudly on your phone either, since it might make other passengers angry. People in Singapore take their rules very seriously, which makes their country clean and enjoyable for people from around the world. 1．What can people do in Singapore? A．Chew gum in public places. B．Talk with others loudly on the bus. C．Buy bottled water with cash. D．Stand on the right on an escalator. 2．What does the underlined word “gratis” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Fresh. B．Cool. C．Delicious. D．Free. 3．Why CAN’T people eat on trains in Singapore? A．Because food is not sold on trains. B．Because it may make the floor dirty. C．Because other people may get hungry. D．Because the train tickets are expensive. 4．What does the passage mainly introduce about Singapore? A．Strict rules. B．Water safety. C．Public roads. D．Cash using. 【全文翻译】 新加坡是世界上最干净的国家之一，每年吸引着大量来自世界各地的人。该国的人们在公共场合有许多严格的规定。这些规定确保街道整洁、公园美观。现在，我们列出了新加坡的 “注意事项与禁止行为”。 在新加坡，有很多事情是你必须做的。在新加坡乘坐自动扶梯时，你必须靠左站立、靠右行走。这样能让那些想快步向上走的人轻松地从你身边走过。新加坡也设有自行车道和人行道，所以你必须确保走在正确的道路上。这能让所有人都更安全。此外，新加坡接受现金支付。社区里的许多商店希望顾客用现金付款，所以随身携带足够的现金很重要。 而且，如果你想喝水，必须带一个瓶子，因为在新加坡很容易获取自来水。这里的水经过严格检测，所以直接饮用自来水是安全的。瓶装水随处可见，但价格相当昂贵，而自来水是免费的。 然而，有些事情是你不能做的。例如，在新加坡，口香糖的销售是不被允许的。你甚至不能随身携带口香糖。为了保持公共交通的整洁，在火车和公交车上禁止饮食，因为这会弄脏座椅和地板。你也不能大声播放音乐或在手机上大声通话，因为这可能会惹恼其他乘客。 新加坡人非常重视他们的规定，这使得他们的国家保持整洁，让来自世界各地的人们都能在此愉快地生活和旅行。 【长难句分析】 ‌1. 原句：Singapore is one of the cleanest countries in the world and attracts a large number of people around the world every year. 翻译：新加坡是世界上最干净的国家之一，每年吸引着大量来自世界各地的人。 分析：该句为并列句，由连词 “and” 连接两个谓语动词 “is” 和 “attracts”，主语均为 “Singapore”。“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 表示 “最…… 之一”，是八年级重点语法结构。 2. 原句：This allows those people who want to walk up to go around you easily. 翻译：这样能让那些想快步向上走的人轻松地从你身边走过。 分析：主句主干为 “This allows those people to go around you easily”，“allow sb. to do sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “允许某人做某事”。“who want to walk up” 是定语从句，修饰先行词 “those people”，who 在从句中作主语。 3. 原句：Bottled water is widely available but it’s quite expensive, while tap water is gratis. 翻译：瓶装水随处可见，但价格相当昂贵，而自来水是免费的。 分析：该句为并列复合句，由 “but” 和 “while” 连接三个分句。“but” 表转折，强调瓶装水的 “易获取” 与 “昂贵” 的对比；“while” 在此处也表对比，突出瓶装水与自来水的价格差异，是理解句子逻辑的关键。 4. 原句：To keep public transportation clean, eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed, as it can make the seats and floors dirty. 翻译：为了保持公共交通的整洁，在火车和公交车上禁止饮食，因为这会弄脏座椅和地板。 分析：句首 “To keep public transportation clean” 是不定式作目的状语。主句 “eating and drinking on trains and buses is not allowed” 为被动语态，主语是动名词短语 “eating and drinking...”。“as” 引导原因状语从句，解释禁止饮食的原因。 【重难词汇梳理】 ‌ ② 重难词汇梳理（共 15 个） 词汇 音标 词性 汉语翻译 strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严格的 public /ˈpʌblɪk/ adj. 公共的 escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯 allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许 neighborhood /ˈneɪbəhʊd/ n. 社区，街区 customer /ˈkʌstəmə(r)/ n. 顾客 tap /tæp/ n. 水龙头；自来水 test /test/ v. 检测，测试 available /əˈveɪləbl/ adj. 可获得的，可得到的 expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ adj. 昂贵的 gratis /ˈɡrætɪs/ adj. 免费的 chewing gum /ˈtʃuːɪŋ ɡʌm/ n. 口香糖 transportation /ˌtrænspɔːˈteɪʃn/ n. 交通，运输 passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客 enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪəbl/ adj. 愉快的，快乐的 实战演练 一、阅读理解 A The Library Lesson Rules sometimes feel restrictive, but last month I learned their true value through an experience in our school library. Our librarian, Ms. Reed, announced new rules to keep the study area peaceful. The key requirement was to avoid loud discussions after school. Many students ignored this, including my friend Tom and me. One Wednesday, we chatted loudly while working on a history project. Ms. Reed reminded us twice to lower our voices, but we continued. The consequence came quickly: We got banned from the library for a week. To complete our research, we had to use the noisy cafeteria instead. Distractions everywhere made concentrating impossible. Our work quality suffered terribly. That week taught me why rules matter. They aren’t meant to control us but to protect everyone’s rights. Now I understand to follow reasonable rules actually saves time and reduces stress. Tom and I even volunteered to help monitor the library area—our way of making amends. 1．Why did the librarian introduce new rules? A．To ban students from projects. B．To maintain a quiet study environment. C．To make students use the cafeteria. D．To punish specific students. 2．What happened immediately after the students ignored warnings? A．They completed work faster. B．They lost library privileges for a week. C．Ms. Reed cancelled all rules. D．The library became noisier. 3．What does “avoid” mean in Paragraph 2? A．To encourage. B．To ignore deliberately. C．To prevent from happening. D．To participate in actively. 4．What lesson did the writer learn? A．Rules exist only for punishment. B．Breaking rules saves time. C．Rules protect collective interests. D．Cafeterias are better than libraries. B Ron Clark is the writer of The Essential 55, a book about teaching students the rules for life. He was named Disney’s American Teacher of the Year for 2000. He helped many disadvantaged (弱势的) students and made a difference in their lives. Clark’s story started at a primary school in North Carolina, the US. The first time he walked into his fifth-grade class, he met lots of problems. The children had little interest in learning and they often played or slept in class. To make a change, Clark wrote down 55 rules for them. Soon the students made progress in both their studies and lives. They learned to respect others and to be the best of themselves. Some rules from The Essential 55Rule 1: Make eye contact (交流). Rule 2: Do your homework every night. Rule 3: If someone asks you a question, you should ask a question in return (作为回报). Rule 4: Learn the names of other teachers in the school and greet them. Rule 5: Do not save seats in the lunchroom. Rule 6: Always say thank you when you get something. Clark doesn’t think it’s so hard to teach his students these rules. “I explain each rule, and then we role-play so that the students know how it works. The first week is just for practice. I will help them remember the rules they broke. After this week, each time they break a rule, they need to go over it.” Clark hopes that when his students leave his classroom, they can have skills that will help them for the rest of their lives. 1．Why was Ron Clark named Disney’s American Teacher of the Year for 2000? A．He wrote a famous book about school rules. B．He helped many students change their lives. C．He taught for years in North Carolina. D．He created some useful life skills. 2．Why did Clark make the 55 rules at first? A．To play acting games. B．To help with homework. C．To improve students’ learning habits. D．To prepare for a school performance. 3．What should the students do when they meet a teacher at school? A．Look at their eyes. B．Ask a question quickly. C．Say “hello” politely. D．Run to the classroom. 4．What do the underlined words “go over” mean? A．恢复 B．克服 C．检查 D．复习 5．What does Clark most want for his students? A．To remember the rules perfectly. B．To get good grades on exams. C．To learn useful skills for life. D．To act well in class. 二、完形填空 Alice has some problems in her life these days. She is unhappy because there are too many rules to 1 at home and school. For example, she has to make her 2 before breakfast. Then she always 3 to school because every student must get to school on time. At school, every student needs to 4 uniforms. And she mustn’t use her phone. After school, she must finish her homework first. Then she has to 5 playing the piano for an hour. Finally, she can play her favourite ping-pong. She can’t hang out with her friends on weekdays. Her teacher, Dr. Know, knows about her problems and gives her some 6 . First, students can’t get to school late because they should 7 respect (尊敬) for their classmates and teachers. Second, some students can’t focus on learning when they bring 8 mobile phones. What’s more, wearing uniforms at school helps to build school 9 . You can’t go out on weekdays, but you can 10 at weekends. As the saying goes, “No rules, no order!” Dr. Know thinks that rules are an important way to help make the world better. 1．A．follow B．change C．make D．buy 2．A．bed B．place C．order D．work 3．A．calls B．hurries C．listens D．knows 4．A．draw B．make C．paint D．wear 5．A．enjoy B．love C．mind D．practise 6．A．laugh B．homework C．advice D．order 7．A．give B．show C．find D．tell 8．A．them B．their C．his D．her 9．A．luck B．spirit C．name D．page 10．A．hang out B．act out C．get up D．pick up 三、选词填空 从方框中选择合适的单词并用其适当形式填空。 also     allow     simple     somewhere     do     safety wall     follow     smoke     without     they     teach Many families find it useful to write down some rules about what family members are expected to do. Every family member should know what is or isn’t 1 . The rules can be stuck on the fridge. In that way, younger children can have a chance to read 2 . Rules are also helpful to teenagers. Instead of sticking the rules on the fridge, it’s a good idea to keep them 3 a little more private. For example, teenagers can stick the rules on the 4 of their bedrooms. When to Start Making Rules You can manage to make 5 rules as soon as your child has the language skills to understand them. Young children will need parents’ support 6 rules. They need help to understand and remember rules. You can give your child a hug if he or she 7 well. Teenagers and Rules Rules about 8 are helpful to teenagers. Many people think teenagers should not be allowed to stay out late. Besides, 9 a driver’s license, teenagers should not drive a car. Rules about health are 10 very necessary. For example, teenagers shouldn’t smoke. It is bad for their health. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $