名词（讲义）-2025-2026学年中考英语一轮复习

语法专题一：名词 第一部分、名词的数 考点一：可数名词及单复数 1、名词的概念：名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫做名词。 2、名词的数：可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式;表示两个或两个以上的人或物用复数形式。 3、可数名词的变化规则： 规则 变化 变化规则 常见的单词 记忆方法 1.一般在词尾加s。 lake－lakes, book－books pen－pens, map－maps flower－flowers, ruler－rulers 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es。 box－boxes, class－classes dish－dishes, watch－watches 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变i再加es。 family－families baby－babies 4.元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s。 boy－boys toy－toys 5.以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾直接加s。 hero－heroes, potato-potatoes tomato－tomatoes mango－mangoes 有生命加es zoo－zoos, radio－radios photo－photos, piano－pianos 无生命加s 6.以f 或 fe 结尾的名词，复数形式多数是变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 es wife－wives, knife－knives, wolf－wolves, thief－thieves shelf－shelves, self－selves life－lives, half－halves, leaf－leaves 小偷的妻子用刀和叶子把狼劈成了两半。 不规则变化 1.oo变ee goose－geese tooth－teeth foot－feet 2.单复数同形 Chinese Japanese deer fish sheep 中日鹿鱼羊 3.特殊变化 man-men woman-women child -children ox-oxen penny-pence mouse-mice 4.各国人变复数 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss 中日瑞不变， 英法加人变， 其余s加后面。 Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen American -Americans German-Germans 【基础练习】用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1．Over the past twelve (month), there have been many difficult things in our family. 2．The school has lots of fun (activity) for students on sports day, like running and jumping. 3．There are five (watch) on the desk. 4．Emma and Helen are classmates, but they come from different (country). 5．The article is based on (guess) about what might happen in the future. 6．The farmers have had too many on the farm. (potato) 7．—What colour are the (key)? —Yellow. 8．Ten (bottle) are under the table. 9．One of my (hobby) is reading. I think it’s interesting. 10．There are some (sheep) on the farm. 11．Helen sees two (goose) in the yard. 12．We need more (shelf) to store all these books. 13．Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited for his sister. Several minutes later, many (child) walked out in a line. 14．There are more and more (man) nurses in the hospital. 15．Look! Two (postman) are working in the post office. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考点二：不可数名词的概念和分类 1、概念：物质名词、抽象名词均属于不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词a、an，词尾也不能加­s、­es，一般没有复数形式。不可数名词还可以量化，但须用表示量化单位的词来修饰。 如: 如a piece of news（一则新闻）、a bottle of water（一瓶水）等。在表达多数的情况下，量词中的可数名词变复数，如Two bottles of water（两瓶水） 2、不可数名词的分类 分类 典型词汇 液体类 water（水）、milk（牛奶）、juice（果汁）、coffee（咖啡）、tea（茶）、oil（油）ink（墨水）、paint（油漆） 粉末类 sugar（糖）、salt（盐）、flour（面粉）sand（沙子） 概念类 rice（米饭）、bread（面包）、meat（肉）、fish（鱼肉，泛指时）、chicken（鸡肉）、beef（牛肉）、pork（猪肉）、furniture（家具）work（工作） 气体类 air(空气）dust（灰尘） 情感类 love(爱）freedom（自由）happiness（幸福） 记忆顺口溜：米、面、肉、钱、布。金、木、水、火、土。物质和概念，抽象不可数。 【随堂练习】 1．The doctor gave me some useful (advise) about staying healthy. 2．Usually we have some (chicken) and rice for lunch on Tuesdays. 3．My nose lost much (blood) today. 4．I have a lot of (work) to do today. 5．Our hot chocolate tastes better with some salt and (sugar). 6．There are some new kinds of (coffee). 7．The students are making (noise) in the classroom. 8．His funny shows brought us lots of   (happy). 9．We believe that the future will be full of (hope). 10．We should prepare some useful (information) before the trip. 考点三：复合名词变复数 1、 主体名词变成复数，如: classroom-classrooms班级 apple tree-apple trees 苹果树 2、 没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数，如:grown-up--grown-ups 成年人 3、 man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式。如: a woman teacher-two women teachers. 【真题演练】 1．There are many famous _______ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 2．Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ______. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．women teacher 3．There are many ________ teachers in this primary school. A．woman B．woman’s C．women D．women’s 4．—Can I help you, Madam? —Yes. ______please. A．Two pair of socks B．Two pairs of socks C．Two pairs of sock D．Two pair of sock 试卷第1页，共3页 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第二部分、名词的格 考点一：名词所有格的概念和分类。 1、概念：名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系，有­'s所有格、 “of＋名词”所有格和双重所有格三种形式。 2、分类 分类 变化 例句 's所有格：表示有生命的名词的所有格 1.一般词尾加's my father's brother（我父亲的兄弟）。 2.以s结尾的复数名词只加' the teachers' office（老师的办公室）。 3.不以s结尾的复数名词直接在后面加’s Children’s home(孩子们的家） 4.表示共同所有的名词，只在最后一个词的后面加's Lily and Lucy's room（莉莉和露西共同的房间）。 5.表示各自拥有的名词，两个名词后都需要加's Lily's and Lucy's books（莉莉和露西各自的书） 6.谁的地盘谁做主，如职业类名词后加’s ，表工作处所 At the doctor’s(在医院）the barber’s(理发店） of所有格：表示无生命的所有格 1.通常用“of+名词“表示所属关系” the windows of the room房间的窗户 the capital of China 中国的首都 2.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命东西的名词，加上's 来构成所有格 today's newspaper(今天的报纸）three days' holiday（三天的假期） 双重所有格：将 of 所有格和“'s”所有格结合在一起表示所有关系 1.名词 A+of+名词 B’s a book of my sister's 我姐姐的一本书 2.名词 A+of+名词性物主代词。 two books of mine 我的两本书 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It’s not _______. Maybe it’s ________. A．me, Jack’s B．mine, Jack’s C．mine, Jack 2．_______ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 3．﹣﹣What else do we need to make cold beef ？ ﹣﹣________． A．Two spoons salt B．Two spoons of salts C．Two spoons of salt 二、单词拼写 4．Today is my (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 5．We had a bad time that day, but the next (day) trip was pretty good. 6．Look! There is a map of (Chinese) on the wall. 7．The soup is good for you. It’s a   of different kinds of vegetables. (mix) 8．—Who’s the boy? —He’s a friend of . (I) 9．My parents want to meet an old friend of (their) at the party. 10．Mr Black is a friend of my (father). 第三部分、名词变词性 考点一：名词变形容词。 情形 例如 名词词后+y rain-rainy wind-windy cloud-cloudy snow-snowy luck-lucky 双写末尾字母再加­y sun-sunny fun-funny 以不发音的e结尾，去e再加­y noise-noisy 名词直接加­ful care-careful thank-thankful help-helpful use-useful color-colorful 名词直接加-less care-careless help-helpless 考点二：名词变副词。 常见的单词有： care→carefully health→healthily luck→luckily wonder→wonderfully success→successfully 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $语法专题一：名词 第一部分、名词的数 考点一：可数名词及单复数 1、名词的概念：名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念名称的词叫做名词。 2、名词的数：可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。表示一个人或物用单数形式;表示两个或两个以上的人或物用复数形式。 3、可数名词的变化规则： 规则 变化 变化规则 常见的单词 记忆方法 1.一般在词尾加s。 lake－lakes, book－books pen－pens, map－maps flower－flowers, ruler－rulers 2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的名词加es。 box－boxes, class－classes dish－dishes, watch－watches 3.以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，将y变i再加es。 family－families baby－babies 4.元音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s。 boy－boys toy－toys 5.以o结尾的名词，一般在词尾直接加s。 hero－heroes, potato-potatoes tomato－tomatoes mango－mangoes 有生命加es zoo－zoos, radio－radios photo－photos, piano－pianos 无生命加s 6.以f 或 fe 结尾的名词，复数形式多数是变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加 es wife－wives, knife－knives, wolf－wolves, thief－thieves shelf－shelves, self－selves life－lives, half－halves, leaf－leaves 小偷的妻子用刀和叶子把狼劈成了两半。 不规则变化 1.oo变ee goose－geese tooth－teeth foot－feet 2.单复数同形 Chinese Japanese deer fish sheep 中日鹿鱼羊 3.特殊变化 man-men woman-women child -children ox-oxen penny-pence mouse-mice 4.各国人变复数 Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese Swiss-Swiss 中日瑞不变， 英法加人变， 其余s加后面。 Frenchman-Frenchmen Englishman-Englishmen American -Americans German-Germans 【基础练习】用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1．Over the past twelve months (month), there have been many difficult things in our family. 2．The school has lots of fun activities (activity) for students on sports day, like running and jumping. 3．There are five watches (watch) on the desk. 4．Emma and Helen are classmates, but they come from different countries (country). 5．The article is based on guesses (guess) about what might happen in the future. 6．The farmers have had too many potatoes on the farm. (potato) 7．—What colour are the keys (key)? —Yellow. 8．Ten bottles (bottle) are under the table. 9．One of my hobbies (hobby) is reading. I think it’s interesting. 10．There are some sheep (sheep) on the farm. 11．Helen sees two geese (goose) in the yard. 12．We need more shelves (shelf) to store all these books. 13．Lin Ming stood at the school gate and waited for his sister. Several minutes later, many children (child) walked out in a line. 14．There are more and more men (man) nurses in the hospital. 15．Look! Two postmen (postman) are working in the post office. 试卷第1页，共3页 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 考点二：不可数名词的概念和分类 1、概念：物质名词、抽象名词均属于不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词a、an，词尾也不能加­s、­es，一般没有复数形式。不可数名词还可以量化，但须用表示量化单位的词来修饰。 如: 如a piece of news（一则新闻）、a bottle of water（一瓶水）等。在表达多数的情况下，量词中的可数名词变复数，如Two bottles of water（两瓶水） 2、不可数名词的分类 分类 典型词汇 液体类 water（水）、milk（牛奶）、juice（果汁）、coffee（咖啡）、tea（茶）、oil（油）ink（墨水）、paint（油漆） 粉末类 sugar（糖）、salt（盐）、flour（面粉）sand（沙子） 概念类 rice（米饭）、bread（面包）、meat（肉）、fish（鱼肉，泛指时）、chicken（鸡肉）、beef（牛肉）、pork（猪肉）、furniture（家具）work（工作） 气体类 air(空气）dust（灰尘） 情感类 love(爱）freedom（自由）happiness（幸福） 记忆顺口溜：米、面、肉、钱、布。金、木、水、火、土。物质和概念，抽象不可数。 【随堂练习】 1．The doctor gave me some useful advise (advise) about staying healthy. 2．Usually we have some chicken (chicken) and rice for lunch on Tuesdays. 3．My nose lost much blood (blood) today. 4．I have a lot of work (work) to do today. 5．Our hot chocolate tastes better with some salt and sugar (sugar). 6．There are some new kinds of coffee (coffee). 7．The students are making noise (noise) in the classroom. 8．His funny shows brought us lots of   happiness (happy). 9．We believe that the future will be full of hope (hope). 10．We should prepare some useful information (information) before the trip. 考点三：复合名词变复数 1、 主体名词变成复数，如: classroom-classrooms班级 apple tree-apple trees 苹果树 2、 没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数，如:grown-up--grown-ups 成年人 3、 man/woman+名词变复数时，作定语的man/woman和后面的名词都要变成复数形式。如: a woman teacher-two women teachers. 【真题演练】 1．There are many famous ___B_____ in the Chinese history. A．woman hero B．women heroes C．women hero D．woman heroes 2．Three fifths of the teachers in our school are ____B____. A．man teachers B．men teachers C．women teacher 3．There are many ____C____ teachers in this primary school. A．woman B．woman’s C．women D．women’s 4．—Can I help you, Madam? —Yes. ___B___please. A．Two pair of socks B．Two pairs of socks C．Two pairs of sock D．Two pair of sock 试卷第1页，共3页 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 第二部分、名词的格 考点一：名词所有格的概念和分类。 1、概念：名词所有格表示名词之间的所属关系，有­'s所有格、 “of＋名词”所有格和双重所有格三种形式。 2、分类 分类 变化 例句 's所有格：表示有生命的名词的所有格 1.一般词尾加's my father's brother（我父亲的兄弟）。 2.以s结尾的复数名词只加' the teachers' office（老师的办公室）。 3.不以s结尾的复数名词直接在后面加’s Children’s home(孩子们的家） 4.表示共同所有的名词，只在最后一个词的后面加's Lily and Lucy's room（莉莉和露西共同的房间）。 5.表示各自拥有的名词，两个名词后都需要加's Lily's and Lucy's books（莉莉和露西各自的书） 6.谁的地盘谁做主，如职业类名词后加’s ，表工作处所 At the doctor’s(在医院）the barber’s(理发店） of所有格：表示无生命的所有格 1.通常用“of+名词“表示所属关系” the windows of the room房间的窗户 the capital of China 中国的首都 2.有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命东西的名词，加上's 来构成所有格 today's newspaper(今天的报纸）three days' holiday（三天的假期） 双重所有格：将 of 所有格和“'s”所有格结合在一起表示所有关系 1.名词 A+of+名词 B’s a book of my sister's 我姐姐的一本书 2.名词 A+of+名词性物主代词。 two books of mine 我的两本书 【基础练习】 一、单项选择 1．—Who left a notebook in the English club? —It’s not ___B_____. Maybe it’s ________. A．me, Jack’s B．mine, Jack’s C．mine, Jack 2．____A____ father works in the police station. A．Eric and Helen’s B．Eric and Helen C．Eric’s and Helen D．Eric’s and Helen’s 3．﹣﹣What else do we need to make cold beef ？ ﹣﹣_____C____． A．Two spoons salt B．Two spoons of salts C．Two spoons of salt 二、单词拼写 4．Today is my brother’s (brother) birthday. I want to make a bowl of long noodles for him. 5．We had a bad time that day, but the next day’s (day) trip was pretty good. 6．Look! There is a map of Chinese (Chinese) on the wall. 7．The soup is good for you. It’s a  mixture of different kinds of vegetables. (mix) 8．—Who’s the boy? —He’s a friend of mine . (I) 9．My parents want to meet an old friend of theirs (their) at the party. 10．Mr Black is a friend of my father’s (father). 第三部分、名词变词性 考点一：名词变形容词。 情形 例如 名词词后+y rain-rainy wind-windy cloud-cloudy snow-snowy luck-lucky 双写末尾字母再加­y sun-sunny fun-funny 以不发音的e结尾，去e再加­y noise-noisy 名词直接加­ful care-careful thank-thankful help-helpful use-useful color-colorful 名词直接加-less care-careless help-helpless 考点二：名词变副词。 常见的单词有： care→carefully health→healthily luck→luckily wonder→wonderfully success→successfully 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $