第五讲 介词-2026年中考英语一轮复习 语法重难点专项突破（语法讲义+配套练习）（全国通用）

中考核心语法·精练 第五讲 介词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、核心时间介词用法表 此表格梳理高频时间介词（at/in/on/by/since/for 等）的核心适用场景及示例，聚焦 “时间维度限定” 的关键规则，是解决时间表达类问题的核心依据。 介词 适用场景 示例 at 具体时间点（钟点、正午、夜晚） at 8:00（8 点）、at noon（正午）、at night（晚上） in 年、月、季节、泛指的上午 / 下午 / 晚上；表 “多久后”（将来时） in 2024（2024 年）、in autumn（秋天）、in the afternoon（下午）、in 3 days（3 天后） on 具体日期、具体某天的上下午 / 晚上、星期、节日 on July 1st（7 月 1 日）、on Sunday（周日）、on Christmas（圣诞节）、on the evening of May 5th（5 月 5 日晚上） by 表 “到…… 为止”，后接时间点 by the end of this month（到本月底）、by 9 p.m.（到晚上 9 点） since 表 “自从……”，后接过去时间点 / 从句，主句用现在完成时 since 2020（自从 2020 年）、since he left（自从他离开） for 表 “持续…… 时间”，后接时间段，主句用现在完成时 for 2 years（持续 2 年）、for 3 hours（持续 3 小时） until/till 肯定句接延续性动词（直到…… 为止）；否定句接短暂性动词（直到…… 才） 肯定：waited until 10 p.m.（等到晚上 10 点）；否定：didn’t sleep until 10 p.m.（到 10 点才睡觉） 注意事项： 1. 以 this/that/next/last/every 开头的时间词前不加介词（如 this Monday，而非 on this Monday）； 2. till 不可用于句首，也不可用于 not 开头的结构（正确：Until now.../Not until...，错误：Till now.../Not till...）； 3. in 表 “多久后” 仅用于将来时，since/for 后接时间时，主句需用现在完成时（错误：I study here for 2 years，正确：I have studied here for 2 years）。 二、核心方位介词用法表 此表格聚焦方位介词的 “空间关系”（内部 / 外部、接触 / 不接触、穿越方式等），明确不同介词的适用场景，避免方位表达混淆。 介词 / 短语 空间关系 / 适用场景 示例 at/in/on/to at：小场所；in：内部（包含）；on：表面（接触）/ 相邻；to：外部（不相邻） at the shop（在商店）、Japan in Asia（日本在亚洲）、book on desk（书在桌上）、Japan to China’s east（日本在中国东边） over/above over：正上方；above：非垂直上方 bridge over the river（河上的桥）、plane above clouds（云层上的飞机） across/through across：表面穿过；through：内部穿过 go across the street（过马路）、go through the forest（穿过森林） between/among between：两者之间；among：三者及以上之间 between you and me（在你我之间）、among the students（在学生们中间） in front of/in the front of in front of：外部前面；in the front of：内部前面 tree in front of the house（房子前的树）、seats in the front of the bus（公交车内前排座位） 注意事项： 1. 表 “相邻” 时用 on，表 “不相邻的外部” 时用 to（错误：Korea in the east of China，正确：Korea to the east of China）； 2. across 强调 “平面穿越”，through 强调 “立体内部穿越”（错误：walk through the road，正确：walk across the road）； 3. “in the front of” 不可省略 the，否则会混淆 “内部 / 外部” 关系（错误：sit in front of the classroom，正确：sit in the front of the classroom，表 “教室内部前排”）。 三、方式介词（by/in/on/with）用法表 此表格明确方式介词在 “交通、语言、工具、动作方式” 等场景的固定用法，是方式表达类题型的高频考点。 介词 适用场景 示例 by 1. by + 交通工具（表交通方式） 2. by+doing（表动作方式） 1. go to school by bike（骑自行车上学） 2. learn English by reading（通过阅读学英语） in 1. in + 语言（表 “用某种语言”） 2. in + 颜色（表 “穿某种颜色衣服”） 1. speak in Chinese（用中文说） 2. a girl in red（穿红衣服的女孩） on on + 通讯工具（表 “通过某种工具”） watch TV on the computer（用电脑看电视）、talk on the phone（打电话） with with + 工具 / 身体部位（表 “用…… 做某事”） write with a pen（用钢笔写）、see with eyes（用眼睛看） 注意事项： 1. by 后接交通工具时，不加冠词（错误：by the bus，正确：by bus）； 2. 表 “用工具” 时用 with，表 “通过某种方式” 时用 by（错误：cut the cake by a knife，正确：cut the cake with a knife）； 3. in 表 “穿颜色衣服” 时，颜色前不加冠词（错误：in a red，正确：in red）。 四、高频介词短语表 此表格整理文档中高频的 in/on/by/of/to 类介词短语，明确短语含义及场景，覆盖日常表达与考试高频搭配。 类别 具体短语 含义 示例 in 短语 in time in trouble in danger in public in a hurry 及时 处于困境 处于危险中 公开地 匆忙地 finish in time（及时完成） help sb. in trouble（帮困境中的人） animals in danger（濒危动物） speak in public（公开讲话） go out in a hurry（匆忙出门） on 短语 on duty on foot on sale on time on purpose 值日 步行 出售 / 降价 准时 故意地 be on duty（值日） go to work on foot（步行上班） clothes on sale（促销的衣服） arrive on time（准时到达） do it on purpose（故意做） by 短语 by accident by hand by mistake 偶然地 手工 错误地 meet by accident（偶然遇见） made by hand（手工制作） take it by mistake（拿错了） of 短语 because of instead of hundreds of 因为 代替 成百上千的 late because of rain（因雨迟到） walk instead of drive（步行代替开车） hundreds of trees（成百上千棵树） to 短语 thanks to to one’s surprise 幸亏 令某人惊讶的是 thanks to your help（幸亏你的帮助） to my surprise（令我惊讶的是） 注意事项： 1. 介词短语不可随意拆分或替换介词（错误：in the time，正确：in time）； 2. because of 后接名词 / 短语，不可接从句（错误：because of he is late，正确：because he is late 或 because of his lateness）； 3. “hundreds of” 表不确定数量，前不可加具体数字（错误：two hundreds of，正确：two hundred 或 hundreds of）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个合适的单词 1．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Spud Web’s success proves that one can hardly realize his dream hard work. 2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Cai Lei and his medical team has made great progress hard work. —That’s true. We can do almost anything if we never give up. 3．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Does Allan live with his parents? —No, he lives in a new flat on the other side of the street, just theirs. 4．（2024·江苏苏州·二模）Nora opened the box. To her surprise, it was a gold watch. 5．（2024·江苏南通·一模） I’m thirsty. I prefer a cup of tea anything in it. 6．（2024·山东青岛·一模）Look at the picture on the right! There is a bridge the river. 7．（2023·吉林松原·模拟预测）He could improve his pronunciation reading aloud. 8．（2023·湖南永州·三模）We usually buy some things online on November 11th every year a lower price. 9．（2023·湖南永州·一模）Tree Planting Day is March 12, we should plant more trees to protect our earth. 10．（2022·湖南永州·二模）Gu Ailing who was born 2003 is one of the most successful athletes in the world. 11．（2022·吉林·一模） your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful. 12．（2022·吉林四平·一模）This CD must belong Lucy. She likes rock music. 13．（2022·湖南永州·模拟预测）I ran with my friend 5:30 yesterday afternoon. 14．（2022·吉林白山·二模）Everyone Bob went on a school trip last Sunday. It was a pity that he was ill in bed. 15．（2022·吉林·模拟预测） the sun, nothing would grow. 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东江门·三模）In 2025, Jack started separating bottles and cans into different types on weekends when he was 11. He was playing baseball in his hometown. 1 , the team faced 2 financial (财政) problem, and it stopped them preparing for the match. Jack came up with a plan 3 the problem. Cans and bottles can 4 here. Then Jack can exchange them for money. As a result, Jack started to collect bottles on the road with the help of 5 father. To their 6 , they raised $7,500 within a short time. Since then, Jack’s recycling effort 7 $350,000. Now it helps at least 50 youth groups 8 collecting more than 2 million bottles and cans. It has kept them from littering on the road. In 2023, Jack was given a Prize for Young Heroes. It honors the kids and teens 9 protect the earth. After receiving the award, he believed that more and more kids would take part in this activity to make the world much 10 . 1. A．However B．And C．So 2. A．an B．the C．a 3. A．to solve B．solve C．solving 4. A．were collected B．collected C．be collected 5. A．he B．his C．him 6. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 7. A．will raise B．has raised C．raised 8. A．by B．with C．for 9. A．what B．who C．which 10. A．well B．better C．best Passage 1 （2025·广东肇庆·二模）Last month, our school started 1 recycling project. The purpose of the project is to help us learn about protecting the environment. Many students from different 2 took part in this project. Our teacher told us 3 to do in the project. We collected waste paper, plastic bottles and old books 4 . To make it more fun, our school decided 5 a competition among all the classes. The class that collected the most would 6 in public. The competition made the project even 7 . We all did our best. By the end of the month, we had collected over 200 kilograms of recyclable waste. 8 we faced some difficulties, we worked together to solve them. This project not only helped the earth but also taught us the importance 9 teamwork. We all hope there 10 more such activities like this in the future. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．grade B．grades’ C．grades 3. A．how B．what C．where 4. A．care B．careful C．carefully 5. A．organize B．organizing C．to organize 6. A．praise B．is praised C．be praised 7. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular 8. A．Although B．Because C．If 9. A．of B．to C．for 10. A．are B．were C．will be Passage 1 （2025·广东惠州·二模）Have you ever seen a plastic bottle, some snack bags, or an empty drink can on the ground? All the litter harms nature. But do we stop to pick them up? Now, 1 fun sport called “plogging” makes it cool to clean up! The word “plogging” 2 “jogging” with “plock a upp”, which means “pick up” in Swedish. The idea is simple: pick up litter while you jog! It 3 by the Swedish runner Erik Ahlström, who was unhappy with the litter he saw every time he went for a run. He also created the Plogga website 4 people everywhere to take up plogging and hold plogging events. Stockholm, where Ahlström lives, 5 the first city to organize a plogging event in 2016. Now the sport is spreading around the world. The World Plogging Championship has been held every year in Italy 6 2021. In 2024, over 80 ploggers from 13 countries took part in the 7 and collected over 1,200 kilograms of rubbish. Plogging is good for the environment. And it’s also good for 8 health because you’re running and squatting (蹲下) to pick up litter. According to research, plogging burns 9 calories than jogging on its own. Of course, not everyone likes jogging. 10 you can mix picking up litter with all kinds of sports. The Plogga website suggests doing it while cycling, skateboarding, or even just walking. Just get moving and start picking! 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．mixed B．mixes C．will mix 3. A．created B．is created C．was created 4. A．encourage B．encouraging C．to encourage 5. A．become B．became C．has become 6. A．in B．from C．since 7. A．event B．events C．event’s 8. A．you B．your C．yours 9. A．many B．more C．most 10. A．But B．And C．Though 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东青岛·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the 1 (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2 is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how 3 (protect) them. One of the 4 (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 5 (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 6 (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know 7 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving 8 (they) special electronic tags. A scanner 9 (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology 10 (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. Passage 2 （2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jasmine (茉莉), with its sweet smell and white flowers, is loved worldwide. It 1 (come) to China a long time ago and became part of Chinese culture. In Chinese, “jasmine” sounds like “no profit (利润)”. It 2 (tell) people not to care too much about money. It’s also a symbol 3 purity (纯洁). A famous Chinese song “Jasmine Flower” shows its beauty. This song is so popular 4 it was even used in an Italian opera. It is often the first Chinese song that many 5 (foreigner) learn. Jasmine grows 6 (wide) in China, mainly in Hengzhou, Guangxi. This area produces 60% of the world’s jasmine, so it is 7 (call) the “Jasmine Capital of China”. Farmers there now use AI robots to help with 8 (they) work. The robots check if the plants are sick by examining the leaves. If there’s a problem, farmers can know it 9 solve it in time. AI tools study the weather and tell farmers the best time to water the plants. This makes sure the flowers stay 10 (health) and grow fast. Finally, jasmine flowers are picked gently by AI robots, sent to factories quickly by drones (无人机) and turned into jasmine tea. With smart technology, jasmine flowers bring people more profit. Passage 3 （2024·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once. One morning, he looked up at the sky 2 asked, “What makes the day? What makes the night? And how?” “The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 3 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?” But the boy didn’t want 4 (play). He looked up, down, and all around, and said, “I can’t feel the earth turning. Why?” “The earth is so big. We’re too small to feel it turn.” Dad replied in a much 5 (loud) voice. “Now please, will you go and play 6 a moment?” Martin tried. He played with some 7 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere! At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story. Martin couldn’t help asking. “ 9 can see the sun now?” “People on the other side of the earth,” Mom answered gently. “Hmm,” she thought, “maybe he will become 10 great scientist in the future.” Martin lay in his bed and kept on thinking about the sun, the earth, the moon and the stars. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法·精练 第五讲 介词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、核心时间介词用法表 此表格梳理高频时间介词（at/in/on/by/since/for 等）的核心适用场景及示例，聚焦 “时间维度限定” 的关键规则，是解决时间表达类问题的核心依据。 介词 适用场景 示例 at 具体时间点（钟点、正午、夜晚） at 8:00（8 点）、at noon（正午）、at night（晚上） in 年、月、季节、泛指的上午 / 下午 / 晚上；表 “多久后”（将来时） in 2024（2024 年）、in autumn（秋天）、in the afternoon（下午）、in 3 days（3 天后） on 具体日期、具体某天的上下午 / 晚上、星期、节日 on July 1st（7 月 1 日）、on Sunday（周日）、on Christmas（圣诞节）、on the evening of May 5th（5 月 5 日晚上） by 表 “到…… 为止”，后接时间点 by the end of this month（到本月底）、by 9 p.m.（到晚上 9 点） since 表 “自从……”，后接过去时间点 / 从句，主句用现在完成时 since 2020（自从 2020 年）、since he left（自从他离开） for 表 “持续…… 时间”，后接时间段，主句用现在完成时 for 2 years（持续 2 年）、for 3 hours（持续 3 小时） until/till 肯定句接延续性动词（直到…… 为止）；否定句接短暂性动词（直到…… 才） 肯定：waited until 10 p.m.（等到晚上 10 点）；否定：didn’t sleep until 10 p.m.（到 10 点才睡觉） 注意事项： 1. 以 this/that/next/last/every 开头的时间词前不加介词（如 this Monday，而非 on this Monday）； 2. till 不可用于句首，也不可用于 not 开头的结构（正确：Until now.../Not until...，错误：Till now.../Not till...）； 3. in 表 “多久后” 仅用于将来时，since/for 后接时间时，主句需用现在完成时（错误：I study here for 2 years，正确：I have studied here for 2 years）。 二、核心方位介词用法表 此表格聚焦方位介词的 “空间关系”（内部 / 外部、接触 / 不接触、穿越方式等），明确不同介词的适用场景，避免方位表达混淆。 介词 / 短语 空间关系 / 适用场景 示例 at/in/on/to at：小场所；in：内部（包含）；on：表面（接触）/ 相邻；to：外部（不相邻） at the shop（在商店）、Japan in Asia（日本在亚洲）、book on desk（书在桌上）、Japan to China’s east（日本在中国东边） over/above over：正上方；above：非垂直上方 bridge over the river（河上的桥）、plane above clouds（云层上的飞机） across/through across：表面穿过；through：内部穿过 go across the street（过马路）、go through the forest（穿过森林） between/among between：两者之间；among：三者及以上之间 between you and me（在你我之间）、among the students（在学生们中间） in front of/in the front of in front of：外部前面；in the front of：内部前面 tree in front of the house（房子前的树）、seats in the front of the bus（公交车内前排座位） 注意事项： 1. 表 “相邻” 时用 on，表 “不相邻的外部” 时用 to（错误：Korea in the east of China，正确：Korea to the east of China）； 2. across 强调 “平面穿越”，through 强调 “立体内部穿越”（错误：walk through the road，正确：walk across the road）； 3. “in the front of” 不可省略 the，否则会混淆 “内部 / 外部” 关系（错误：sit in front of the classroom，正确：sit in the front of the classroom，表 “教室内部前排”）。 三、方式介词（by/in/on/with）用法表 此表格明确方式介词在 “交通、语言、工具、动作方式” 等场景的固定用法，是方式表达类题型的高频考点。 介词 适用场景 示例 by 1. by + 交通工具（表交通方式） 2. by+doing（表动作方式） 1. go to school by bike（骑自行车上学） 2. learn English by reading（通过阅读学英语） in 1. in + 语言（表 “用某种语言”） 2. in + 颜色（表 “穿某种颜色衣服”） 1. speak in Chinese（用中文说） 2. a girl in red（穿红衣服的女孩） on on + 通讯工具（表 “通过某种工具”） watch TV on the computer（用电脑看电视）、talk on the phone（打电话） with with + 工具 / 身体部位（表 “用…… 做某事”） write with a pen（用钢笔写）、see with eyes（用眼睛看） 注意事项： 1. by 后接交通工具时，不加冠词（错误：by the bus，正确：by bus）； 2. 表 “用工具” 时用 with，表 “通过某种方式” 时用 by（错误：cut the cake by a knife，正确：cut the cake with a knife）； 3. in 表 “穿颜色衣服” 时，颜色前不加冠词（错误：in a red，正确：in red）。 四、高频介词短语表 此表格整理文档中高频的 in/on/by/of/to 类介词短语，明确短语含义及场景，覆盖日常表达与考试高频搭配。 类别 具体短语 含义 示例 in 短语 in time in trouble in danger in public in a hurry 及时 处于困境 处于危险中 公开地 匆忙地 finish in time（及时完成） help sb. in trouble（帮困境中的人） animals in danger（濒危动物） speak in public（公开讲话） go out in a hurry（匆忙出门） on 短语 on duty on foot on sale on time on purpose 值日 步行 出售 / 降价 准时 故意地 be on duty（值日） go to work on foot（步行上班） clothes on sale（促销的衣服） arrive on time（准时到达） do it on purpose（故意做） by 短语 by accident by hand by mistake 偶然地 手工 错误地 meet by accident（偶然遇见） made by hand（手工制作） take it by mistake（拿错了） of 短语 because of instead of hundreds of 因为 代替 成百上千的 late because of rain（因雨迟到） walk instead of drive（步行代替开车） hundreds of trees（成百上千棵树） to 短语 thanks to to one’s surprise 幸亏 令某人惊讶的是 thanks to your help（幸亏你的帮助） to my surprise（令我惊讶的是） 注意事项： 1. 介词短语不可随意拆分或替换介词（错误：in the time，正确：in time）； 2. because of 后接名词 / 短语，不可接从句（错误：because of he is late，正确：because he is late 或 because of his lateness）； 3. “hundreds of” 表不确定数量，前不可加具体数字（错误：two hundreds of，正确：two hundred 或 hundreds of）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个合适的单词 1．（2025·江苏南通·模拟预测）Spud Web’s success proves that one can hardly realize his dream hard work. 【答案】without 【详解】句意：Spud Web的成功证明，如果不努力工作，就很难实现自己的梦想。根据“Spud Web’s success proves that one can hardly realize his dream…hard work”可知，应是不努力工作的话，就很难实现自己的梦想．without“无，没有”，介词，故填without。 2．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Cai Lei and his medical team has made great progress hard work. —That’s true. We can do almost anything if we never give up. 【答案】through 【详解】句意：—— 蔡磊和他的医疗团队通过努力工作取得了巨大的进步。—— 那是真的。如果我们永不放弃，我们几乎可以做任何事情。“through”有“通过（某种方式、手段）”的意思 ，在句中作方式状语，表示通过努力工作这种方式取得进步。故填through。 3．（2024·江苏南通·模拟预测）—Does Allan live with his parents? —No, he lives in a new flat on the other side of the street, just theirs. 【答案】opposite 【详解】句意：——艾伦和他父母住在一起吗？——不，他住在街对面的一套新公寓里，就在他们家的对面。由“No, he lives in a new flat on the other side of the street, just…theirs”可知，是住在他父母的对面，opposite“对面”符合语境。故填opposite。 4．（2024·江苏苏州·二模）Nora opened the box. To her surprise, it was a gold watch. 【答案】inside 【详解】句意：诺拉打开盒子。令她惊讶的是，里面是一块金表。根据“Nora opened the box.”可知盒子里是一块金表，inside“在……里面”。故填inside。 5．（2024·江苏南通·一模） I’m thirsty. I prefer a cup of tea anything in it. 【答案】without 【详解】句意：我渴了。我更喜欢一杯什么都没有的茶。根据“a cup of tea...anything in it”可知是茶里什么都没有，此处表示伴随用介词without，表示“没有”。故选without。 6．（2024·山东青岛·一模）Look at the picture on the right! There is a bridge the river. 【答案】over 【详解】句意：看右边的图片！河上有一座桥。根据图片可知，桥在河的正上方，用方位介词over表示。故填over。 7．（2023·吉林松原·模拟预测）He could improve his pronunciation reading aloud. 【答案】by 【详解】句意：他可以通过大声朗读来提高发音。根据“He could improve his pronunciation ... reading aloud.”可知，此处应是通过大声朗读来提高发音，by“通过”，by doing“通过做某事”，故填by。 8．（2023·湖南永州·三模）We usually buy some things online on November 11th every year a lower price. 【答案】at 【详解】句意： 我们通常在每年的11月11日在网上以较低的价格购买一些东西。根据“a lower price.”可知，表示“以……价格”，使用介词at。故填at。 9．（2023·湖南永州·一模）Tree Planting Day is March 12, we should plant more trees to protect our earth. 【答案】on 【详解】句意：植树节在3月12日，我们应该种更多的树来保护我们的地球。根据“March 12”是具体的日期可知，空处应用时间介词on，故填on。 10．（2022·湖南永州·二模）Gu Ailing who was born 2003 is one of the most successful athletes in the world. 【答案】in 【详解】句意：2003年出生的谷爱凌是世界上最成功的运动员之一。空后跟的是2003，是年份，其前应该用介词in，be born in 2003意为“2003年出生”，故填in。 11．（2022·吉林·一模） your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful. 【答案】Without 【详解】句意：没有你的帮助，这个项目不可能会这么成功。根据“...your help, the program couldn’t have been so successful.”可知，此处“the program couldn’t have been so successful”有情态动词，表虚拟语气，表示为这个项目不可能会这么成功，所以句子的“...your help”部分应表示为若没有你们的帮助，此空应是without“没有”，后接your help“你们的帮助”，构成介宾结构。故填Without。 12．（2022·吉林四平·一模）This CD must belong Lucy. She likes rock music. 【答案】to 【详解】句意：这张CD一定是露西的。 她喜欢摇滚乐。根据“She likes rock music.”可知这张CD一定是露西的。由前面的关键词belong，可知此处考查固定词组belong to，意为“属于”。故填to。 13．（2022·湖南永州·模拟预测）I ran with my friend 5:30 yesterday afternoon. 【答案】at 【详解】句意：昨天下午5:30我和朋友一起跑步。空后的5:30是具体的时间，需用介词at。故填at。 14．（2022·吉林白山·二模）Everyone Bob went on a school trip last Sunday. It was a pity that he was ill in bed. 【答案】except 【详解】句意：上周日，除了鲍勃外，其他人都去学校旅行了。很遗憾，他卧病在床。由下文“It was a pity that he was ill in bed”可知，除了鲍勃没有去旅行，用介词except“除了”；故填except。 15．（2022·吉林·模拟预测） the sun, nothing would grow. 【答案】Without 【详解】句意：没有太阳，什么都不会生长。根据“...the sun, nothing would grow.”可知，没有太阳，什么都不会生长。without“没有”符合语境，故填Without。 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东江门·三模）In 2025, Jack started separating bottles and cans into different types on weekends when he was 11. He was playing baseball in his hometown. 1 , the team faced 2 financial (财政) problem, and it stopped them preparing for the match. Jack came up with a plan 3 the problem. Cans and bottles can 4 here. Then Jack can exchange them for money. As a result, Jack started to collect bottles on the road with the help of 5 father. To their 6 , they raised $7,500 within a short time. Since then, Jack’s recycling effort 7 $350,000. Now it helps at least 50 youth groups 8 collecting more than 2 million bottles and cans. It has kept them from littering on the road. In 2023, Jack was given a Prize for Young Heroes. It honors the kids and teens 9 protect the earth. After receiving the award, he believed that more and more kids would take part in this activity to make the world much 10 . 1. A．However B．And C．So 2. A．an B．the C．a 3. A．to solve B．solve C．solving 4. A．were collected B．collected C．be collected 5. A．he B．his C．him 6. A．surprise B．surprised C．surprising 7. A．will raise B．has raised C．raised 8. A．by B．with C．for 9. A．what B．who C．which 10. A．well B．better C．best 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. A 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B 【导语】本文讲述了杰克从11岁开始通过回收瓶子和易拉罐解决棒球队财政问题，后来持续这项环保事业并获奖的故事。 1. 句意：他当时在家乡打棒球，然而，球队面临一个财政问题，这阻碍了他们准备比赛。 However然而；And和、并且；So所以。根据“He was playing baseball in his hometown.…, the team faced…financial problem,”可知，前文说打棒球，后文说球队有财政问题，是转折关系，故选A。 2. 句意：他当时在家乡打棒球，然而，球队面临一个财政问题，这阻碍了他们准备比赛。 an用于元音音素开头的单词前；the表特指；a用于辅音音素开头的单词前。根据“financial problem”为单数可数名词，且financial以辅音音素开头，此处表示“一个财政问题”，故选C。 3. 句意：杰克想出一个解决问题的计划。 to solve动词不定式；solve动词原形；solving动词ing形式。根据“Jack came up with a plan…the problem.”可知，这里是a plan to do sth表示“做某事的计划”。此处需用动词不定式to solve，故选A。 4. 句意：罐子和瓶子能在这里被收集。 were collected一般过去时被动；collected过去式；be collected情态动词+被动原形。根据“Cans and bottles can…here.”可知，情态动词can后接动词原形，且“瓶子和易拉罐”与“收集”为被动关系，用 be collected符合语境。故选C。 5. 句意：在他爸爸的帮助下，杰克开始在路上收集瓶子。 he主格；his形容词性物主代词；him宾格。根据“father”为名词，需用形容词性物主代词his修饰，故选B。 6. 句意：令他们惊讶的是，他们在短时间内筹集了7500美元。 surprise名词；surprised形容词，人作主语；surprising形容词，物作主语。根据“To their ..., they raised $7,500 within a short time.”可知，这里是to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的是”。故选A。 7. 句意：从那以后，杰克的回收努力已经筹集了35万美元。 will raise一般将来时；has raised现在完成时；raised一般过去时。根据“Since then”可知，句子用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。故选B。 8. 句意：现在它通过收集200多万个瓶子和罐子，帮助了至少50个青年团体。 by通过(方式)；with和；用；for为了。根据“collecting more than 2 million bottles and cans”可知，这里表示帮助青年团体的方式，故选A。 9. 句意：它表彰那些保护地球的孩子和青少年。 what不能引导定语从句；who指人，作主语；which指物。根据“It honors the kids and teens…protect the earth.”可知，此句为定语从句，先行词为the kids and teens，指人。根据先行词为人，关系词应用who，故选B。 10. 句意：他相信越来越多的孩子会参与这项活动，让世界变得更好。 well原级；better比较级；best最高级。根据“make the world much…”可知，much修饰比较级，此处表示“比之前更好”应用比较级better，故选B。 Passage 1 （2025·广东肇庆·二模）Last month, our school started 1 recycling project. The purpose of the project is to help us learn about protecting the environment. Many students from different 2 took part in this project. Our teacher told us 3 to do in the project. We collected waste paper, plastic bottles and old books 4 . To make it more fun, our school decided 5 a competition among all the classes. The class that collected the most would 6 in public. The competition made the project even 7 . We all did our best. By the end of the month, we had collected over 200 kilograms of recyclable waste. 8 we faced some difficulties, we worked together to solve them. This project not only helped the earth but also taught us the importance 9 teamwork. We all hope there 10 more such activities like this in the future. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．grade B．grades’ C．grades 3. A．how B．what C．where 4. A．care B．careful C．carefully 5. A．organize B．organizing C．to organize 6. A．praise B．is praised C．be praised 7. A．popular B．more popular C．the most popular 8. A．Although B．Because C．If 9. A．of B．to C．for 10. A．are B．were C．will be 【答案】 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. A 10. C 【导语】本文主要介绍了作者的学校上个月开始了一个回收项目。这个项目不仅帮助了地球，也教会了他们团队合作的重要性。 1. 句意：上个月，我们学校开始了一个回收项目。 a表泛指，用于辅音音素开头前；an表泛指，用于元音音素开头前；the定冠词表特指。此处泛指一个项目，“recycling”以辅音音素开头，故选A。 2. 句意：许多不同年级的学生参加了这个项目。 grade名词单数；grades’名词复数的所有格；grades名词复数。根据“Many students from different...took part in this project.”可知，此处应使用名词复数作宾语，故选C。 3. 句意：老师告诉我们在这个项目中该做什么。 how如何；what什么；where在哪里。根据“Our teacher told us...to do in the project.”可知，此处是tell sb sth结构，用what to do表示“做什么”。故选B。 4. 句意：我们仔细地收集废纸、塑料瓶和旧书。 care名词/动词；careful形容词；carefully副词。此处应使用副词修饰动词“collected”，故选C。 5. 句意：为了使它更有趣，我们学校决定在所有班级之间组织一次比赛。 organize动词原形；organizing动名词/动词现在分词；to organize动词不定式。decide to do sth“决定做某事”，故选C。 6. 句意：收集最多的班级将在公开场合受到表扬。 praise动词原形；is praised一般现在时的被动语态；be praised被动语态结构。本句主语是动作的承受者，需用被动语态，“would”后用动词原形。故选C。 7. 句意：竞争使这个项目更受欢迎。 popular形容词原级；more popular形容词比较级；the most popular形容词最高级。此处“even”修饰比较级，故选B。 8. 句意：虽然我们面临一些困难，但我们共同努力解决了它们。 Although虽然；Because因为；If如果。根据“...we faced some difficulties, we worked together to solve them.”可知，前后两句构成让步关系，用Although引导让步状语从句。故选A。 9. 句意：这个项目不仅帮助了地球，也教会了我们团队合作的重要性。 of……的；to到；for为了。the importance of...“……的重要性”，故选A。 10. 句意：我们都希望今后能有更多这样的活动。 are一般现在时；were一般过去时；will be一般将来时。根据“in the future”可知，此处应使用一般将来时，故选C。 Passage 1 （2025·广东惠州·二模）Have you ever seen a plastic bottle, some snack bags, or an empty drink can on the ground? All the litter harms nature. But do we stop to pick them up? Now, 1 fun sport called “plogging” makes it cool to clean up! The word “plogging” 2 “jogging” with “plock a upp”, which means “pick up” in Swedish. The idea is simple: pick up litter while you jog! It 3 by the Swedish runner Erik Ahlström, who was unhappy with the litter he saw every time he went for a run. He also created the Plogga website 4 people everywhere to take up plogging and hold plogging events. Stockholm, where Ahlström lives, 5 the first city to organize a plogging event in 2016. Now the sport is spreading around the world. The World Plogging Championship has been held every year in Italy 6 2021. In 2024, over 80 ploggers from 13 countries took part in the 7 and collected over 1,200 kilograms of rubbish. Plogging is good for the environment. And it’s also good for 8 health because you’re running and squatting (蹲下) to pick up litter. According to research, plogging burns 9 calories than jogging on its own. Of course, not everyone likes jogging. 10 you can mix picking up litter with all kinds of sports. The Plogga website suggests doing it while cycling, skateboarding, or even just walking. Just get moving and start picking! 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．mixed B．mixes C．will mix 3. A．created B．is created C．was created 4. A．encourage B．encouraging C．to encourage 5. A．become B．became C．has become 6. A．in B．from C．since 7. A．event B．events C．event’s 8. A．you B．your C．yours 9. A．many B．more C．most 10. A．But B．And C．Though 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文介绍了名为“plogging”的趣味运动，讲述其词源、起源、发展情况，以及对环境和健康的益处，还提及可结合不同运动开展捡垃圾活动。 1. 句意：现在，一项名为“plogging”的有趣运动让清理垃圾变得很酷！ a一，用于辅音音素开头单词前；an一，用于元音音素开头单词前；the表示特指。“fun”是以辅音音素开头的单词，这里表示“一项有趣的运动”，表泛指，用a。故选A。 2. 句意：“plogging”这个词把“jogging” (慢跑) 和“plocka upp” (在瑞典语中是“捡起”的意思 ) 结合在一起。 mixed混合，过去式/过去分词；mixes第三人称单数形式；will mix一般将来时。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语“the word”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式mixes。故选B。 3. 句意：它是由瑞典跑步者Erik Ahlström创造的，他对每次跑步时看到的垃圾感到不满。 created创造，过去式；is created一般现在时的被动语态；was created一般过去时的被动语态。“it”指“plogging”这个词，和“create”是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态was created。故选C。 4. 句意：他还创建了Plogga网站，以鼓励世界各地的人们参与plogging并举办plogging活动。 encourage鼓励，动词原形；encouraging动名词/现在分词；to encourage动词不定式。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，即创建网站的目的是鼓励人们，用to encourage。故选C。 5. 句意：Ahlström居住的斯德哥尔摩在2016年成为第一个组织plogging活动的城市。 become成为，动词原形；became过去式；has become现在完成时。根据“in 2016”可知，句子用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式became。故选B。 6. 句意：自2021年以来，世界plogging锦标赛每年都在意大利举行。 in在……里，用于时间时，常接年、月、季节等；from从……；since自从，常与现在完成时连用。“The World Plogging Championship has been held...” 是现在完成时，用since。故选C。 7. 句意：2024年，来自13个国家的80多名plogging爱好者参加了该活动，收集了超过1200公斤的垃圾。 event活动，单数；events活动，复数；event’s活动的，名词所有格。这里指前文提到的“the World Plogging Championship” 这一个活动，用单数event。故选A。 8. 句意：而且它对你的健康也有好处，因为你在跑步和蹲下捡垃圾。 you你，主格/宾格；your你的，形容词性物主代词；yours你的，名词性物主代词。修饰名词“health”，用形容词性物主代词your。故选B。 9. 句意：研究表明，plogging比单纯慢跑燃烧更多卡路里。 many许多，修饰可数名词复数；more更多，many/much的比较级；most最多，many/much的最高级。根据“than”可知，用比较级more。故选B。 10. 句意：当然，不是每个人都喜欢慢跑。但你可以把捡垃圾和各种运动结合起来。 But但是，表转折；And和，表并列；Though尽管，表让步。前文说不是所有人喜欢慢跑，后文说可以结合其他运动捡垃圾，是转折关系，用But。故选A。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东青岛·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 How Technology Helps Emperor Penguins With the development of science and technology, we have learned a lot about animals. Emperor penguins can grow up to 1.2 meters tall, and they are the 1 (large) of all the penguin kinds. In 2022, they were listed as endangered animals because the Antarctic sea ice that they live 2 is becoming smaller and smaller. Now scientists are using high technology to follow them and learn more about how 3 (protect) them. One of the 4 (way) researchers are able to do this is by looking at pictures taken by satellites above the Earth. Large groups of emperor penguins can be seen from space. When scientists first started using satellites to look at the penguins, there were only 28 groups. So far, scientists 5 (discover) 66 groups. Even using satellites, it is so difficult to count how many penguins live in different groups. Scientists can improve population estimates (估计) by watching the area’s weather 6 (careful). Measuring the wind speed and temperature can help predict if the penguins gather closely together or spread apart across the ice. If scientists know 7 the weather was like when the pictures were taken, they can estimate how many penguins are pictured. Scientists can also watch penguins’ movements by giving 8 (they) special electronic tags. A scanner 9 (carry) by a robot, and it can read information on the tags. The robot also uses AI to recognize the penguins. It moves very slowly so that it doesn’t make the birds stressed. Daniel, one of the penguin researchers, hopes the technology 10 (lead) us to a “golden age of research”. Thanks to technology, we are seeing more things that no one has ever seen before. 【答案】 1. largest 2. on 3. to protect 4. ways 5. have discovered 6. carefully 7. what 8. them 9. is carried 10. will lead 【导语】本文讲述了科技如何帮助帝企鹅，包括利用卫星观测、天气监测和电子标签等技术在研究帝企鹅方面的应用。 1. 句意：帝企鹅可以长到1.2米高，是所有企鹅种类中最大的。根据“of all the penguin kinds”可知是所有企鹅种类中最大的，此处应用形容词最高级形式，large的最高级是largest“最大的”。故填largest。 2. 句意：2022年，它们被列为濒危动物，因为它们生活的南极海冰越来越小。根据“the Antarctic sea ice that they live”可知是指帝企鹅生活在南极海冰上，用介词on。故填on。 3. 句意：现在科学家们正在利用高科技追踪它们，了解更多保护它们的方法。protect“保护”，此处是结构“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to protect。 4. 句意：研究人员能够做到这一点的方法之一是查看地球上方卫星拍摄的照片。one of后加可数名词复数ways“方法”。故填ways。 5. 句意：到目前为止，科学家们已经发现了66个群体。根据“So far”可知句子用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是scientists，助动词用have，discover的过去分词是 discovered。故填have discovered。 6. 句意：科学家们可以通过仔细观察该地区的天气来改进种群估计。修饰动词“watching”，需用副词形式，careful的副词是carefully“仔细地”。故填carefully。 7. 句意：如果科学家知道拍摄这些照片时的天气情况，他们就能估计出照片中有多少只企鹅。句子是宾语从句，从句缺少介词like的宾语，此处应用what引导宾语从句。故填what。 8. 句意：科学家们还可以通过给企鹅贴上特殊的电子标签来观察它们的活动。give sb. sth.“给某人某物”，作宾语用代词宾格them。故填them。 9. 句意：一个扫描仪由机器人携带，它可以读取标签上的信息。主语“A scanner”与动词“carry” 之间是被动关系，且此处描述的是一般情况，用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am/is/are + 过去分词”，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is carried。 10. 句意：企鹅研究人员之一丹尼尔希望这项技术能引领我们进入一个“研究的黄金时代”。此处表示将来的动作，应用一般将来时，结构为“will + 动词原形”。故填will lead。 Passage 2 （2025·湖北武汉·中考真题）阅读下面短文，根据上下文或括号内单词等提示，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jasmine (茉莉), with its sweet smell and white flowers, is loved worldwide. It 1 (come) to China a long time ago and became part of Chinese culture. In Chinese, “jasmine” sounds like “no profit (利润)”. It 2 (tell) people not to care too much about money. It’s also a symbol 3 purity (纯洁). A famous Chinese song “Jasmine Flower” shows its beauty. This song is so popular 4 it was even used in an Italian opera. It is often the first Chinese song that many 5 (foreigner) learn. Jasmine grows 6 (wide) in China, mainly in Hengzhou, Guangxi. This area produces 60% of the world’s jasmine, so it is 7 (call) the “Jasmine Capital of China”. Farmers there now use AI robots to help with 8 (they) work. The robots check if the plants are sick by examining the leaves. If there’s a problem, farmers can know it 9 solve it in time. AI tools study the weather and tell farmers the best time to water the plants. This makes sure the flowers stay 10 (health) and grow fast. Finally, jasmine flowers are picked gently by AI robots, sent to factories quickly by drones (无人机) and turned into jasmine tea. With smart technology, jasmine flowers bring people more profit. 【答案】 1. came 2. tells 3. of 4. that 5. foreigners 6. widely 7. called 8. their 9. and 10. healthy 【导语】本文主要介绍了茉莉花在中国的文化意义、经济价值以及现代科技在茉莉花种植中的应用。 1. 句意：茉莉花很久以前传入中国，并成为中国文化的一部分。根据“a long time ago”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式came。故填came。 2. 句意：它告诉人们不要过分在意金钱。此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语是It，动词用第三人称单数。故填tells。 3. 句意：它也是纯洁的象征。a symbol of“……的象征”，固定短语。故填of。 4. 句意：这首歌如此受欢迎，以至于甚至被用于意大利歌剧。此处so ... that“如此……以至于”引导的结果状语从句。故填that。 5. 句意：它通常是许多外国人学习的第一首中文歌曲。foreigner“外国人”，many后跟名词复数形式。故填foreigners。 6. 句意：茉莉花在中国广泛种植，主要在广西横州。空处修饰动词grows，用副词形式widely“广泛地”。故填widely。 7. 句意：该地区生产了全球60%的茉莉花，因此它被称为“中国茉莉之都”。主语“It”与动词“call”构成被动关系，因此用过去分词。故填called。 8. 句意：那里的农民现在使用人工智能机器人来协助他们的工作。空处修饰名词work，用形容词性物主代词。故填their。 9. 句意：如果有问题，农民可以及时知晓并加以解决。“know it”与“solve it”为并列动作，用“and”连接。故填and。 10. 句意：这确保花朵保持健康并快速生长。stay healthy“保持健康”，用形容词作表语。故填healthy。 Passage 3 （2024·浙江·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Martin is a boy full of questions. He asks questions all day long and 1 (hope) to get the answers at once. One morning, he looked up at the sky 2 asked, “What makes the day? What makes the night? And how?” “The earth travels around the sun. It turns to face the sun to make the day and turns away from the sun to make the night,” said 3 (he) father. “Now please, will you go and play?” But the boy didn’t want 4 (play). He looked up, down, and all around, and said, “I can’t feel the earth turning. Why?” “The earth is so big. We’re too small to feel it turn.” Dad replied in a much 5 (loud) voice. “Now please, will you go and play 6 a moment?” Martin tried. He played with some 7 (toy), and then studied the pictures of the sun and the earth, but questions were still everywhere! At bedtime, while his mother 8 (tell) him a story. Martin couldn’t help asking. “ 9 can see the sun now?” “People on the other side of the earth,” Mom answered gently. “Hmm,” she thought, “maybe he will become 10 great scientist in the future.” Martin lay in his bed and kept on thinking about the sun, the earth, the moon and the stars. 【答案】 1. hopes 2. and 3. his 4. to play 5. louder 6. for 7. toys 8. was telling 9. Who 10. a 【导语】本文讲述了一个名叫Martin的男孩对世界充满好奇心，不断提出问题并渴望得到答案的故事。 1. 句意：他整天问问题，并希望马上得到答案。根据“He asks questions all day long and ...”可知，时态为一般现在时，and表示并列关系，故此处应用hope的三单hopes，与asks一起作并列谓语。故填hopes。 2. 句意：一天早晨，他仰望天空并问道。根据“One morning, he looked up at the sky ... asked”可知，空格前后是递进关系，应用and连接。故填and。 3. 句意：“地球绕着太阳转。它转向面对太阳形成白天，转向背对太阳形成夜晚，”他的父亲说。修饰名词“father”应用he的形容词性物主代词his“他的”。故填his。 4. 句意：但男孩不想去玩。根据want to do sth.“想做某事”可知，此处应用不定式作宾语。故填to play。 5. 句意：爸爸用更大的声音回答。根据“much”是比较级的修饰词可知，此处应用loud的比较级louder，表示“爸爸回答问题的声音更大了”，由此推知他对Martin不停地追问，有些不耐烦。故填louder。 6. 句意：现在请你去玩一会儿好吗？for a moment“片刻，一会儿”，固定短语。故填for。 7. 句意：他和一些玩具玩了一会，然后研究了太阳和地球的图片，但问题仍然无处不在！some后接名词复数，toy的复数为toys。故填toys。 8. 句意：睡觉的时候，他妈妈正在给他讲故事。根据下文“couldn’t help”可知，时态为一般过去时；再根据“while his mother ... him a story.”可知，while从句通常用进行时态，故此处应用过去进行时，结构为was doing。故填was telling。 9. 句意：现在谁能看见太阳？根据“People on the other side of the earth,”可知，此处是问谁能看到太阳，who“谁”，句首首字母大写。故填Who。 10. 句意：也许他将来会成为一个伟大的科学家。根据“great scientist”可知，此处泛指一位伟大的科学家，且great以辅音音素开头，不定冠词用a。故填a。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $