内容正文:
专题01冠词、介词、数词(核心考点精讲精练)
复习目标
冠词、介词、数词是中考最基础考向之一,考查范围是中考必备基础词法知识点。冠词在中考中主要考查定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词及语境应用。介词主要考查基本常见用法,偏重介词词组搭配。数词重点考查分数及不确切的数字的表达。
【思维导图】
考点概览
(一)冠词
冠词是基本考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时,首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an,此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。
考点
种类
常见用法
冠词
不定冠词 (a / an)
1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail.
3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the)
1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please.
3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
零冠词
1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。
冠词的活用
1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please?
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。
(二)介词
介词是常见语法考点。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法;介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。
考点
种类
常见用法
介词
时间介词
基本介词
in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
难点
1. in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。
2. for 与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
地点介词
基本介词
in, at, on, to
难点
1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。
3.in, on, to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England.
方式介词
基本介词
with, in, by
难点
in, with, by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car.
方位介词
基本介词
at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
难点
1.in, on, at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。
3. under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
不用介词的情况
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
(三)数词
1. 序数词的拼写
序数词
缩写
序数词
缩写
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
twentieth
twenty-first
thirtieth
thirty-fifth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
20th
21st
30th
35th
40th
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
2. 表示计量:
即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度,应采用基数词。
It is 50 metres / kilometers/miles long (wide, deep, high).
它有50米/千米/英里长(宽、深、高)。
3. 表示编号:
编号的数字如果过小,可用序数词或基数词表示;如果数字较大,通常用基数词表示。
1. The tenth lesson=Lesson Ten 第10课
2. Room 405 第405号房
3. Page 215 第215页
4. No.14 Middle School 第14中学
5. Telephone NO.5855806 电话: 5855806
4. 表示不确切的数字:
基数词后面直接加上复数名词表示精确的数字,而基数词复数形式加上“of” 表示不确切的数字。
1. five hundred students 500名学生
2. two thousand people 2000人
3. five dozen pencils 5打铅笔
4. hundreds of students 几百名学生
5. millions of workers 成千上万的工人
6. scores of chairs 几十张椅子
5. 表示年龄和岁数
1. He is a boy of 10 yeas old.
= He is 10 yeas old.
= He is 10 (years of age).
= He is a ten-year-old boy.
2. At the age of ten, he began to learn English.
3. My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸50多岁。
6. 表示年代:
表示什么世纪,什么年代时,通常在数词后加s或’s,并在年代前加定冠词the ,
1.1980’s/ 1980s(20世纪80年代),
读作:nineteen eighties.
2. His grandfather died in the 1970’s/1970s。
7. 表示分数:
分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是one时,分母不必加s; 分子大于one时,分母要加s.
1. a(=one) third 三分之一 one fifth 五分之一
2. two thirds 三分之二 three fourths 四分之三
3. Two thirds of the trees were cut down ten years ago.
8. 表示百分数:
百分数的表达方式是:基数词+ percent(单数形式)+of+名词。
1. Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.
2. About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.
考题透视
►考向一 冠词
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting________old.
A) the B)/ C) an D) a
2.(2022·上海中考真题)The young man often gives ________ helping hand to the old in his neighbourhood.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
3.(2020·上海中考真题)Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half________hour at the night market.
A.a B.an C.the D./
4. (2019·上海中考真题)Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make fun of others.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
5.(2018·上海中考真题)Hurry up! The concert will begin in_________ minute.
A) a B) an C)the D)/
6.(2017·上海中考真题)Christine is selling her house,but on ______ other hand she doesn't want to move.
A.a B.an C.the D./
7(2016·上海中考真题)The teenagers had ____________good time in the summer camp in their sister school.
A. a B . an C . the D./
►考向二 介词
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)The research group consisted ________ three generations of scientists.
A) for B) with C) of D) about
2.(2022·上海中考真题)Will Alice take charge _______ the coming painting exhibition?
A. for B. with C. of D. from
3.(2019·上海·中考真题)Frank held his breath the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.
A.at B.by C.over D.under
4.(2018·上海·中考真题)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
5.(2017·上海·中考真题)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City __________ the airport.
A.at B.under C.on D.with
6.(2016·上海·中考真题)The local community center is open____________ Monday to Saturday.
A.in B.from C.for D.on
7.(2015·上海·中考真题) I love this picture ______ you beside the music fountain.
A.in B.of C.on D.at
8.(2014·上海·中考真题)More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work__________ underground.
A.in B.with C.by D.for
9.(2013·上海·中考真题)Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays__________ October!
A.in B.on C.at D.to
10.(2014·上海·中考真题)Students are encouraged to share their learning experience__________ their classmates.
A.to B.in C.at D.with
11.(2012·上海·中考真题)You really don’t have to worry ________ your weight. You look just right.
A.for B.from C.with D.about
►考向三 数词
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)There were various activities at the ________ China Folk Craft Fair. (eight)
2.(2022·上海中考真题)Lily is reading the _________ story in the book about Chinese history. (six)
3.(2021·上海·中考真题)Lily and Mary have known each other for ________ years. (seventh)
4.(2020·上海·中考真题)Uncle Andy tried_____different jobs,and finally chose to be a lawyer.(tenth)
5.(2019·上海·中考真题)On the______page of the book,there is an encouraging story.(eight)
6. (2018·上海·中考真题)Look! The_______lady from the left in the photo is my favourite teacher. (six)
7.(2017·上海·中考真题)My school is going to have an open day on the ________ of next month.(ten)
8.(2016·上海·中考真题)Could you pass me the ________ dictionary from the right on the shelf ?
9.(2014·上海·中考真题)The medicine should be taken_______a day after meals, George. (two)
10.(2015·上海·中考真题)Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her ______ birthday.
A.Sixteen B.sixteen’s C.sixteenth D.sixteenths
11.(2012·上海·中考真题)Last year, I visited a chemical factory in Baise, there are about ________ workers in it.
A.six thousands B.six thousand C.six thousands of D.six thousand of
好题新题特训
1.(2025·上海闵行·三模)Stella, my new classmate, comes from ______ European country.
A.an B.the C.a D./
2.(2025·上海虹口·三模)Lucy wants to be ______ engineer in the future because she loves designing robots.
A.a B.an C.the D./
3.(2025·上海·普陀三模)We’re going to have ________ picnic in the park ________ this Sunday.
A.a; 不填 B.a; the C.the; a D.\; \
4.(2025·上海闵行·三模)The teacher advised the team to solve a problem at ________ time.
A./ B.the C.an D.a
5.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)I can’t go to ________ sleep because I’m too excited about the trip tomorrow.
A.a B.an C.the D./
6.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)It was ________ amazing day when I first went to the Water World.
A.an B.a C.the D./
7.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)The Leaning Tower of Pisa is roughly the height of ________ 19-storey building.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
8.(2025·上海崇明·二模)Lily keeps ________ English diary every day and she is making progress in writing.
A.a B.an C.the D./
9.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)After months of hard work, the school year is finally coming to ________ end.
A.a B.an C.the D./
10.(2025·上海青浦·二模)Everyone noticed ________ woman in white as she entered the hall.
A.a B.an C.the D./
11.(2025·上海闵行·二模)________ enjoyable project it is to build mini robots from recycled materials!
A.What a B.What C.How D.What an
12.(2025·上海闵行·二模)________ film Ne Zha 2, made by a group of Chinese, was a big success.
A.A B.An C.The D./
13.(2025·上海宝山·二模)It is ________ excellent way to go cycling in the city to protect the environment.
A.a B.an C.the D./
14.(2025·上海长宁·二模)The teenagers had ________ good time during the winter camp in the north of China.
A.a B.an C.the D./
15.(2025·上海静安·二模)Could you take ________ message for my mum and tell her I’ll be home late?
A./ B.a C.an D.the
16.(2025·上海金山·二模)The long and tiring journey finally came to ________ end when we reached the destination.
A.a B.an C.the D./
17.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)The farmers in this area had ________ especially hard time this year because of the flood.
A.an B.a C.the D./
18.(2025·上海虹口·二模)National Eye Health Week reminds us to take ________ action to keep our eyes healthy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
19.(2025·上海普陀·二模)—May I speak to Mr. Lin, please?
—Sorry, he’s on ______ phone with a client at the moment.
A.a B.an C.the D./
20.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)To lose weight, John plans to go on ________ diet and exercise regularly.
A.a B.an C.the D./
21.(2025·上海青浦·二模)In Chenghuang Miao area, there is a lake ________ a pavilion in its middle.
A.by B.for C.with D.outside
22.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)________ the Spring Festival, a large number of audience went to watch the animated film Ne Zha 2.
A.On B.For C.During D.In
23.(2025·上海松江·二模)The Mid-autumn Festival is ________ the 15 day of the eighth lunar month.
A.in B.on C.at D.by
24.(2025·上海普陀·二模)Our English teacher usually praises us ______ trying our best.
A.for B.on C.to D.at
25.(2024·上海静安·二模)________ a windy morning, Alex flew a kite in the park happily.
A.In B.On C.At D.For
26.(2024·上海闵行·二模)The Spring Festival became a floating holiday of the United Nations (联合国) ________ 2023.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
27.(2023·上海奉贤·二模)It is a Chinese tradition for a family to gather together and stay up late ______ Chinese New Year’s Eve.
A.at B.in C.on D.with
28.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The success of the project depends ______ the effort of every member.
A.on B.for C.with D.of
29.(2025·上海闵行·三模)We’ll have to work on our own ________ the time being until we find partners.
A.at B.for C.with D.from
30.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)AI is a very smart tool. It can help you ________ different kinds of tasks.
A.by B.to C.with D.for
31.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)Link method provides children ________ a new way of improving memory.
A.by B.with C.for D.from
32.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)There’s a nice café just ________ the park from our school. It is always crowded with customers.
A.past B.across C.through D.over
33.(2025·上海虹口·二模)Emma always plays tricks ________ her friends by pretending to be her twin sister.
A.to B.for C.on D.with
34.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)The restaurant manager apologized ________ the poor service and offered us free desserts.
A.to B.as C.at D.for
35.(2025·上海崇明·二模)Teresa is always busy ________ her work, so she doesn’t have much time for hobbies.
A.to B.for C.with D.on
36.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)The old couple had pity ________ the homeless cat and gave her food and shelter.
A.on B.with C.in D.to
37.(2025·上海静安·二模)I agree ________ my friend that we should go on a self-driving tour this summer.
A.in B.to C.with D.of
38.(2025·上海长宁·二模)We all know Thanksgiving Day is celebrated ________ the fourth Thursday of each November.
A.in B.to C.at D.on
39.(2025·上海宝山·二模)As we all know, smoking does great harm ________ both the smokers and people around.
A.for B.with C.to D.by
40.(2025·上海青浦·二模)Taya is very worried because she hasn’t heard ________ her daughter for two months.
A.about B.from C.in D.at
41.(2025·上海闵行·二模)We should always be thankful ________ our parents for their love and care for us.
A.with B.from C.to D.on
42.(2025·上海松江·二模)Mum, we’re running out ________ milk. Could you buy some more?
A.from B.of C.with D.in
43.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)It’s rude to make fun ________ someone’s appearance in public.
A.of B.at C.for D.about
44.(2025·上海杨浦·二模)I am truly thankful ______ my host family for making me feel at home during my stay.
A.with B.to C.of D.for
45.(2024·上海·模拟预测)It’s reported that about ________ of the Math teachers in Shanghai are under the age of 35.
A.three-fifth B.third-fifths C.thirds-fifth D.three-fifths
46.(2024·上海·模拟预测)Mike held a party to celebrate his grandfather’s ________ birthday.
A.eighties B.eighty C.eightieth D.the eightieth
47.(24-25九年级下·上海·阶段练习)More than _________ athletes from around the world took part in the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing.
A.thousands of B.thousand of C.three thousands D.three thousand
48.(2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测)Our school library houses over ________ books, covering a wide range of subjects from ancient history to modern science.
A.two thousands B.two thousand C.thousands of D.two thousand of
49.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)Lights were lit up ________ March 8 to pay respect to those brave female doctors and nurses.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
50.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Li Ming practiced hardest among us and he won first prize in the competition.
—A dream can’t come true ________ hard work.
A.by B.across C.over D.without
51.(2025·上海闵行·三模)Over ________ people attended the business meeting the day before yesterday.
A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.two hundred D.two hundreds
52.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)Only ________ of students passed the advanced math test, making it the toughest exam this year.
A.one-fifth B.two-fifth C.one-five D.first-five
53.(2025·上海静安·一模)Five ________ students in our school took part in the opening ceremony of the Tourism Festival.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredth D.hundreds of
54.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)Even though my grandpa is ________, he still takes an active part in voluntary work.
A.at his seventies B.in his seventies
C.at his seventy D.in his seventy
55.(2023·上海浦东新·三模)“One million four hundred and sixteen” can also be written as “_________”.
A.1,004,016 B.100,416 C.1,000,416 D.1,000,460
56.(2023·上海奉贤·二模)Our English teacher looks young. It’s hard to imagine she is already in her ______.
A.forty B.fortieth C.fourteen D.forties
57.(24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中)About ________ companies from different countries will attend the Seventh China International Import Expo .
A.three thousands B.thousands of C.three thousand D.thousand
58.(2022·上海嘉定·一模)It took the ancient Chinese people several ________ years to finish building the Great Wall.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.three hundred
59.(2022·上海静安·一模)My neighbour Granny Wang had a lovely granddaughter in her ________.
A.fifty B.fifties C.fiftieth D.fiftieths
60.(2025·上海·模拟预测)The teaching building in our university is about ________high.
A.fifty-five metre B.fifty-five metres C.fifty-five-metre D.fifty five metres
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专题01 冠词、介词、数词(核心考点精讲精练)
复习目标
冠词、介词、数词是中考最基础考向之一,考查范围是中考必备基础词法知识点。冠词在中考中主要考查定冠词,不定冠词,零冠词及语境应用。介词主要考查基本常见用法,偏重介词词组搭配。数词重点考查分数及不确切的数字的表达。
【思维导图】
考点概览
(一)冠词
冠词是基本考点,经常考查不定冠词a, an和定冠词the的基本用法和固定搭配。解题时,首先看空格后是否有名词,有单数可数名词,搭配后表示泛指时,应考虑不定冠词a/an,此时还应该注意其后的词的第一个音素,如果是元音填an,如果是辅音,则填a;有名词,搭配后表示特指时,应考虑定冠词the;还要看是否是固定搭配。
考点
种类
常见用法
冠词
不定冠词 (a / an)
1. 修饰可数名词单数,表示泛指。以元音音素开头的单词前需要用an,而以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。如:an apple, a banana, an umbrella。
2. 与序数词连用,表示再一,又一”。如:You can try it a second time if you fail.
3. 固定搭配。如:all of a sudden; as a matter of fact; as a result; as a rule; as a whole; at a distance; in a way。
定冠词 (the)
1. 表复指上文提到过的人或物。如:We have a cat and two dogs. The cat is black and the dogs are white.
2. 表特指说话双方都知道的人或物。如: Pass me the dictionary, please.
3. 用于比较级前,特指两个被比较的对象的一个。如:Of the two brothers, the younger is more interesting.
零冠词
1. 记忆口诀:下列情况应免冠,代词限定名词前,专有名词不可数,学科球类三餐饭,复数名词表泛指,两节星期月份前,颜色语种和国名,称呼习语及头衔。
2. 固定搭配。如:lose heart, by chance, in time, catch sight of, in place of。
冠词的活用
1.抽象名词或物质名词具体化。如:a surprise 一件意外的事情;a pleasure一个令人快乐的事情。
2. 序数词前的冠词活用。如:Can you give me a second chance, please?
3.表示乐器的名词前的冠词活用。如:play the piano;play erhu。
(二)介词
介词是常见语法考点。学生应该熟练掌握常见介词的基本用法;介词与动词、名词、形容词等的固定搭配。如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词的宾语时,其前面一般是填介词。高考通常考查介词与动词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应该先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟记的短语来确定要填的词。在学习的过程中应注意对短语的归纳、积累、比较和记忆。
考点
种类
常见用法
介词
时间介词
基本介词
in (表示一天中某段时间,指天、年、月、季节、周次等), on (表示某一天或星期几,指明具体的时间), at (表示特定的时间、节日、年龄), by (…的时候、到、等到…已经等,用在天、时间的前面)
难点
1. in 与after的用法区别:A.介词in+一段时间用于一般将来时。B.介词after+一段时间用于一般过去时。C.介词after +时间点常用于一般将来时。
2. for 与since的用法区别:A.介词for表示一段时间。B.介词since表示从过去某一时间以来。
3. during与for的用法区别:A.当所指的时间起止分明时用介词during。B.如果一段时间不明确则用介词for。
4. before与by的用法区别:A.介词before表示“在…之前”。B.介词by表示“到…时为止,不迟于…”。
地点介词
基本介词
in, at, on, to
难点
1.at 与in 的用法区别:at表示较小的地方,如家、村、乡村等。in表示较大的地方,如大城市、国家、洲等。
2. at与on的用法区别:at用于门牌号。on用于路名。
3.in, on, to的用法区别:in表示“包含”,如:Beijing is in the north of China. on表示“紧邻”,如:Canada lies on the north of the U.S. to表示“没接触”,如:France lies to the south of England.
方式介词
基本介词
with, in, by
难点
in, with, by的用法区别:in表示“用材料、语言”。如: Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。如:He prefers traveling by car.
方位介词
基本介词
at, in, on, to, beneath, over, under, above, below, in front of / in the front of / behind, between / among, over/across/through
难点
1.in, on, at 的用法区别:in表示“排、行、组”。on表示“左、右”。at表示“前、后”。
2. on, over, above的用法区别:on表示一物放在另一物上面两者紧贴在一起。over表示一种垂直悬空的上下关系,即“在…上方”。介词above表示一般的“高于….”,“在…之上”。
3. under与below的用法区别:under是over的反义词即“在…下方”。below是above的反义词即“低于…” , “在…之下”。
4. across, through, over, past的用法区别:across着重于“从—头或—边到另—头或另—边”,强调从表面穿过。through着重于“穿越” ,强调从一定的空间内穿过。over多表示从“上方越过”。past表示从“面前经过” 。
不用介词的情况
1.当表示时间的词前有this, that时,其前面不用介词,如:this morning
2.当表示时间的词前有next时,其前面不用介词,如: next Sunday
3.当表示时间的词前有last时,其前面不用介词,如:last Sunday
4.当表示时间的词前有one, any, each, every, some或all时,其前面不用介词,如:You can come any day.
(三)数词
1. 序数词的拼写
序数词
缩写
序数词
缩写
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
5th
6th
7th
8th
9th
10th
11th
12th
twentieth
twenty-first
thirtieth
thirty-fifth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
20th
21st
30th
35th
40th
50th
60th
70th
80th
90th
100th
2. 表示计量:
即事物的长度、宽度、深度和高度,应采用基数词。
It is 50 metres / kilometers/miles long (wide, deep, high).
它有50米/千米/英里长(宽、深、高)。
3. 表示编号:
编号的数字如果过小,可用序数词或基数词表示;如果数字较大,通常用基数词表示。
1. The tenth lesson=Lesson Ten 第10课
2. Room 405 第405号房
3. Page 215 第215页
4. No.14 Middle School 第14中学
5. Telephone NO.5855806 电话: 5855806
4. 表示不确切的数字:
基数词后面直接加上复数名词表示精确的数字,而基数词复数形式加上“of” 表示不确切的数字。
1. five hundred students 500名学生
2. two thousand people 2000人
3. five dozen pencils 5打铅笔
4. hundreds of students 几百名学生
5. millions of workers 成千上万的工人
6. scores of chairs 几十张椅子
5. 表示年龄和岁数
1. He is a boy of 10 yeas old.
= He is 10 yeas old.
= He is 10 (years of age).
= He is a ten-year-old boy.
2. At the age of ten, he began to learn English.
3. My father is in his fifties. 我爸爸50多岁。
6. 表示年代:
表示什么世纪,什么年代时,通常在数词后加s或’s,并在年代前加定冠词the ,
1. 1980’s/ 1980s(20世纪80年代),
读作:nineteen eighties.
2. His grandfather died in the 1970’s/1970s。
7. 表示分数:
分子用基数词,分母用序数词。分子是one时,分母不必加s; 分子大于one时,分母要加s.
1. a(=one) third 三分之一 one fifth 五分之一
2. two thirds 三分之二 three fourths 四分之三
3. Two thirds of the trees were cut down ten years ago.
8. 表示百分数:
百分数的表达方式是:基数词+ percent(单数形式)+of+名词。
1. Thirty percent of the students in my class are from cities.
2. About 61 percent of the surface is covered by water.
考题透视
►考向一 冠词
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)We Chinese have the tradition of respecting________old.
A) the B)/ C) an D) a
【答案】A
【解析】“the + 形容词” 表示一类人,“the old” 表示 “老年人”,这句话的意思是 “我们中国人有尊敬老人的传统”。
2.(2022·上海中考真题)The young man often gives ________ helping hand to the old in his neighbourhood.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意:这个年轻人经常帮助邻居家的老人。a不定冠词,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,用于元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。give a hand to sb.“帮助某人”,固定用法,其中helping以辅音音素开头,其前应加不定冠词a。故选A。
3.(2020·上海中考真题)Kelly's cheese cakes were sold out within half________hour at the night market.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意:凯利的奶酪蛋糕在夜市半小时内就卖完了。
a放在以辅音音素开头的单词前;an放在以元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指;/ 不填。half an hour“半小时”固定搭配。hour是以元音音素/aʊ/开头,用an修饰。故选B。
4. (2019·上海中考真题)Benjamin has learned that it is not polite to make fun of others.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
【答案】D
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意:Benjamin知道取笑别人是不礼貌的。
A. a表示泛指,一个,放在辅音音素开头的名词前;B. an表示泛指,一个,后加元音音素开头的名词;C. the定冠词,那个;D. /,短语make fun of…表示取笑……。根据题意,故选D。
5.(2018·上海中考真题)Hurry up! The concert will begin in_________ minute.
A) a B) an C)the D)/
【答案】A
【解析】考查冠词用法。句意:快点!音乐会将在一分钟内开始。in a minute 马上,即刻。 固定搭配。
6.(2017·上海中考真题)Christine is selling her house,but on ______ other hand she doesn't want to move.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【解析】考查定冠词.句意:克里斯汀正在出售她的房子,但另一方面她不想搬走.根据题干Christine is selling her house,but on ______ other hand she doesn't want to move.可知on the other hand 另一方面,固定短语.即克里斯汀正在出售她的房子,但另一方面她不想搬走.故选C.
7(2016·上海中考真题)The teenagers had ____________good time in the summer camp in their sister school.
A. a B . an C . the D./
【答案】 A
【解析】考查冠词辨析。句意: 青少年们在他们的姐妹学校的夏令营里玩得很开心。
a是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前面;an是不定冠词,修饰单数名词表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前面;the是定冠词,表特指:/表示零冠词。good以辅音音素开头,have a good time玩得愉快,是固定短语,故选A。
►考向二 介词
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)The research group consisted ________ three generations of scientists.
A) for B) with C) of D) about
【答案】C
【详解】句意:该研究小组由三代科学家组成。“consist of” 是固定短语,意为 “由…… 组成”。
2.(2022·上海中考真题)Will Alice take charge _______ the coming painting exhibition?
A. for B. with C. of D. from
【答案】C
【详解】句意:爱丽丝会负责即将到来的画展吗?
考查固定短语搭配。take charge of“负责,接管”,固定短语。故选C。
3.(2019·上海·中考真题)Frank held his breath the water to search for his ring in the swimming pool.
A.at B.by C.over D.under
【答案】D
【详解】句意:弗兰克在水下屏住呼吸,在游泳池里寻找他的戒指。
A. at在……;B. by通过……;C. over在……上方;D. under在……下面。根据下文to search for his ring in the swimming pool.可知这里是说在水下。根据题意,故选D。
4.(2018·上海·中考真题)Karen and Lily will go to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup______July.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:凯伦和莉莉将在7月份前往俄罗斯观看2018年世界杯。A. on作为时间介词,常与“日期”、“星期几”搭配;B. in作为时间介词,常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配,如在某年某月的前面;C. at常与“钟点时刻”搭配;D. of 关于,属于,…的。故答案为B。
点睛:时间介词at,on,in的用法:at放在几点钟前,指具体的某一时刻。例如:at one o’clock在1点钟。on作为时间介词,常与“日期”,“星期几”搭配,用于具体的某一天前或者上午、下午、晚上有修饰词时,例如:on Thursday,on a cold afternoon在一个寒冷的下午。in用于年、月、季节等的前面,常与表示“一段时间”的时间名词搭配。例如:in 2017,in May,in winter。
5.(2017·上海·中考真题)Shirley is still waiting for her flight to New York City __________ the airport.
A.at B.under C.on D.with
【答案】A
【详解】试题分析:句意:Shirley仍然在机场等待飞往纽约的航班。四个选项都是介词。
A. at(表示位置)在……;B. under在……下面;C. on在……上面D. with和……一起。at the airport在飞机场,是固定搭配。故选A。
考点:考查介词辨析。
6.(2016·上海·中考真题)The local community center is open____________ Monday to Saturday.
A.in B.from C.for D.on
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当地社区中心从星期一到星期六开放。考查固定短语和介词辨析。from…to…(表时间、地点)从……到……。根据句意,可知选B。
7.(2015·上海·中考真题) I love this picture ______ you beside the music fountain.
A.in B.of C.on D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我喜欢你在音乐喷泉旁边的那张照片。A. in 在……里;B. of ……的,表示所属关系;C.on 在……上;D. at在……。根据句意可知是所属关系,故选B。
8.(2014·上海·中考真题)More and more people in Shanghai choose to go to work__________ underground.
A.in B.with C.by D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:越来越多的上海人选择乘地铁去上班。in在里面,用某种语言;with 带有,伴随,用某种工具;by到……为止,乘坐某种交通工具;For为了,对于。故选C。
9.(2013·上海·中考真题)Wow! Ten students in our class will celebrate their fourteenth birthdays__________ October!
A.in B.on C.at D.to
【答案】A
【详解】在表示时间时,in表示在一个时间范围或者接一段时间,表示在多久之后;on表示在具体的某一天;at表示在具体几点钟;to表示差几分到几点。根据下文October!在十月,可知是表示一个时间范围,故用介词in,选A。
10.(2014·上海·中考真题)Students are encouraged to share their learning experience__________ their classmates.
A.to B.in C.at D.with
【答案】D
【详解】句意:应该鼓励学生们和他们的同学们分享他们的学习经验。to到,向; in在……里面; at在时间空间的一点;With带有,伴随,用某种工具。故选D。
11.(2012·上海·中考真题)You really don’t have to worry ________ your weight. You look just right.
A.for B.from C.with D.about
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你真的不需要担心你的体重,你看起来刚好。本题考查固定搭配,考查学生识记能力,worry about,答案选D。
►考向三 数词
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)There were various activities at the ________ China Folk Craft Fair. (eight)
【答案】. eighth
【详解】根据句意 “在中国民间工艺品博览会上有各种各样的活动”,此处表示 “第八”,应用 eighth。
2.(2022·上海中考真题)Lily is reading the _________ story in the book about Chinese history. (six)
【答案】sixth
【详解】句意:莉莉正在读关于中国历史的书中的第六个故事。six是基数词,结合“the...story”可知此处应用序数词表示顺序,故填sixth。
3.(2021·上海·中考真题)Lily and Mary have known each other for ________ years. (seventh)
【答案】seven
【详解】句意:莉莉和玛丽互相认识七年了。seventh第七,是序数词,修饰复数名词years,用基数词,故填seven。
4.(2020·上海·中考真题)Uncle Andy tried_____different jobs,and finally chose to be a lawyer.(tenth)
【答案】ten
【详解】句意:安迪叔叔尝试了十种不同的工作,最后选择了当律师。
tenth第十,序数词。这里表示"十种不同的工作",用基数词ten。故答案为ten。
【点睛】英语中的基数词是用于描述事物数量的多少,根据提示,结合语境,正确写出答案。
5.(2019·上海·中考真题)On the______page of the book,there is an encouraging story.(eight)
【答案】.eighth
【解析】句意:在这本书的第八页,有一个令人鼓舞的故事。
这里表示第几页用序数词,eight的序数词是eighth。根据题意,故填eighth。
6. (2018·上海·中考真题)Look! The_______lady from the left in the photo is my favourite teacher. (six)
【答案】sixth
【解析】句意:看照片中左边的_______女士是我最喜欢的老师。这里表示第六个,填序数词。故填sixth。
7.(2017·上海·中考真题)My school is going to have an open day on the ________ of next month.(ten)
【答案】tenth
【解析】考查序数词。根据句意和句中的定冠词the,空白处要填ten的序数词形式,故填tenth。
8.(2016·上海·中考真题)Could you pass me the ________ dictionary from the right on the shelf ?
【答案】seventh
【详解】句意:你能把架子上从右边数第七本字典递给我吗?根据题意,表达顺序,the+序数词,表示第7本书,用序数词, seventh是序数词,第七;在句中作定语修饰dictionary, 故填seventh。
9.(2014·上海·中考真题)The medicine should be taken_______a day after meals, George. (two)
【答案】twice
【解析】句意:这种药应该饭后一天吃两次。结合语境可知填副词twice,两次。
10.(2015·上海·中考真题)Rose received a letter full of love from her parents on her ______ birthday.
A.sixteen B.sixteen’s
C.sixteenth D.sixteenths
【答案】C
【详解】句意:罗斯在她的十六岁生日的时候,从他的父母那里收到了一封充满爱的信。one’s +序数词+birthday ,某人多少岁生日。在分数的表达中,只有在分数中分子大于1时,做分母的序数词才变成复数。结合句意,可知该题表示第十六个生日,故选C。
11.(2012·上海·中考真题)Last year, I visited a chemical factory in Baise, there are about ________ workers in it.
A.six thousands B.six thousand C.six thousands of D.six thousand of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:去年,我参观了百色的一家化工厂,那里大约有6000名工人。
考查数词。hundred的用法是:表示确切数字时,一般用“数词+ hundred +可数名词的复数”结构。表示大概数字时,一般用“hundreds of +可数名词的复数”,意为“成百上千的”。四个选项带有数词six,故应用“six thousand”形式。故选B。
好题新题特训
1.(2025·上海闵行·三模)Stella, my new classmate, comes from ______ European country.
A.an B.the C.a D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:斯特拉,我的新同学,来自一个欧洲国家。
考查冠词用法。an一个(元音音素前);the特指;a一个(辅音音素前)。此处指“一个欧洲国家”,表泛指,且European以辅音音素/j/开头,用a符合。故选C。
2.(2025·上海虹口·三模)Lucy wants to be ______ engineer in the future because she loves designing robots.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:露西未来想成为一名工程师,因为她喜欢设计机器人。
考查冠词辨析。a不定冠词;an不定冠词;the定冠词;/不填。engineer读音以元音音素开头,此处表示“一名工程师”,是泛指,需用an表示。故选B。
3.(2025·上海·普陀三模)We’re going to have ________ picnic in the park ________ this Sunday.
A.a; 不填 B.a; the C.the; a D.\; \
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个星期天我们要去公园野餐。
考查冠词。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。have a picnic“去野餐”,是固定搭配;当this/that/next/last等词修饰时间名词时,前面无需介词或冠词,A项符合。故选A。
4.(2025·上海闵行·三模)The teacher advised the team to solve a problem at ________ time.
A./ B.the C.an D.a
【答案】D
【详解】句意:老师建议团队一次解决一个问题。
考查不定冠词。/零冠词;the定冠词,表示特指;an一个,不定冠词,元音音素开头的单词前;a一个,不定冠词,辅音音素开头的单词前。at a time意为“一次”,故选D。
5.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)I can’t go to ________ sleep because I’m too excited about the trip tomorrow.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我睡不着因为我对明天的旅行太兴奋了。
考查零冠词及固定搭配。a一个,表示泛指,后接辅音音素发音的单词;an一个,表示泛指,后接元音音素发音的单词;the这个,表示特指。根据“I can’t go to...sleep because I’m too excited about the trip tomorrow.”可知,此处考查固定搭配:go to sleep“睡着”,不需要冠词。故选D。
6.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)It was ________ amazing day when I first went to the Water World.
A.an B.a C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当我第一次去水上世界的时候,那是令人惊叹的一天。
考查冠词辨析。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,用于特指;/零冠词,用于某些特定情况。此处表示“一天”,是泛指,且“amazing”是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词“an”。故选A。
7.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)The Leaning Tower of Pisa is roughly the height of ________ 19-storey building.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:比萨斜塔的高度大致相当于一座19层楼的建筑。
考查冠词。/零冠词;a泛指“一个”,且用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an泛指“一个”,且用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指。根据“the height of ... 19-storey building”可知,此处指“一座19层楼高的建筑”,且nineteen发音以辅音音素开头,故选B。
8.(2025·上海崇明·二模)Lily keeps ________ English diary every day and she is making progress in writing.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:莉莉每天写英语日记,她的写作正在进步。
考查冠词的用法。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。根据“English diary”可知,English是以元音音素开头的单词,因此应用an。故选B。
9.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)After months of hard work, the school year is finally coming to ________ end.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:经过数月的努力,学年终于要结束了。
考查冠词用法。a一个(辅音音素前);an一个(元音音素前);the特指;/ 零冠词。“end”以元音音素/e/开头,需用不定冠词“an”表示泛指。故选B。
10.(2025·上海青浦·二模)Everyone noticed ________ woman in white as she entered the hall.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当那位穿白色衣服的女士走进大厅时,每个人都注意到了她。
考查冠词的用法。a,不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的词前;an,不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的词前。the,定冠词,表示特指;/指零冠词。句中“woman in white”是一个特定的人物,要用定冠词“the”来特指。故选C。
11.(2025·上海闵行·二模)________ enjoyable project it is to build mini robots from recycled materials!
A.What a B.What C.How D.What an
【答案】D
【详解】句意:用回收材料制造迷你机器人是一个多么有趣的项目啊!
考查感叹句。此句为感叹句,中心词project是单数名词,用感叹结构:what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语,enjoyable是以元音音素开头,用不定冠词an。故选D。
12.(2025·上海闵行·二模)________ film Ne Zha 2, made by a group of Chinese, was a big success.
A.A B.An C.The D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:由一群中国人制作的电影《哪吒2》取得了巨大成功。
考查冠词的用法。根据“film Ne Zha 2”可知,此处特指《哪吒2》这部电影,用定冠词the。故选C。
13.(2025·上海宝山·二模)It is ________ excellent way to go cycling in the city to protect the environment.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在城市里骑自行车是一种保护环境的极好方式。
考查冠词的用法。a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,表特指;/表示零冠词。“way”是可数名词单数,此处表示“一种……的方式”,表泛指,要用不定冠词。“excellent”是以元音音素开头的单词,所以用不定冠词“an”。故选B。
14.(2025·上海长宁·二模)The teenagers had ________ good time during the winter camp in the north of China.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这些青少年在中国北方的冬令营中玩得很开心。
考查冠词。a不定冠词,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。have a good time“玩得开心”,是固定搭配。故选A。
15.(2025·上海静安·二模)Could you take ________ message for my mum and tell her I’ll be home late?
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你能帮我给我妈妈捎个口信,告诉她我会晚点回家吗?
考查不定冠词用法。a一个,后接辅音音素开头的词;an一个,后接元音音素开头的词;the这个,定冠词,表特指。“message”为可数名词单数,此处泛指“一个口信”,需用不定冠词,且“message”以辅音音素开头,故用“a”,take a message意为“捎口信”。故选B。
16.(2025·上海金山·二模)The long and tiring journey finally came to ________ end when we reached the destination.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我们到达目的地时,漫长而疲惫的旅程终于结束了。
考查冠词用法。a一个,表泛指,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,表泛指,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the这个,表特指,可用于独一无二的事物前;/零冠词。come to an end“结束”,固定搭配。故选B。
17.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)The farmers in this area had ________ especially hard time this year because of the flood.
A.an B.a C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这个地区的农民今年由于洪水度过了一个特别艰难的时期。
考查冠词的用法。an不定冠词,表示泛指,用于元音音素开头的单词前;a不定冠词,表示泛指,用于辅音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表示特指;/零冠词,指不用冠词。此处表示泛指,have a hard time“艰难时期”,应用不定冠词,“especially”是元音音素开头的单词,因此应用“an”。故选A。
18.(2025·上海虹口·二模)National Eye Health Week reminds us to take ________ action to keep our eyes healthy.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】D
【详解】句意:全国眼睛健康周提醒我们采取行动保持眼睛健康。
考查冠词词义辨析。a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指;/零冠词。take action“采取行动”,为固定搭配。故选D。
19.(2025·上海普陀·二模)—May I speak to Mr. Lin, please?
—Sorry, he’s on ______ phone with a client at the moment.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——请允许我和林先生讲话,好吗?——对不起,他正在跟一个客户通电话。
考查定冠词的用法。a不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词;/不填。on the phone“在打电话”,固定短语。故选C。
20.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)To lose weight, John plans to go on ________ diet and exercise regularly.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了减肥,约翰计划节食并定期锻炼。
考查冠词辨析。a一个,不定冠词,用于以辅音音素开头的单词前;an一个,不定冠词,用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the定冠词,表特指。go on a diet意为 “节食”,固定短语。故选A。
21.(2025·上海青浦·二模)In Chenghuang Miao area, there is a lake ________ a pavilion in its middle.
A.by B.for C.with D.outside
【答案】C
【详解】句意:城隍庙一带有一个湖,湖中央有一个亭子。
考查介词辨析。by在……旁边;for为了;with带有;outside在……之外。根据“there is a lake...a pavilion in its middle.”可知,空格后为定语修饰名词“lake”,表示“中央有一个亭子的湖”,应用with表伴随。故选C。
22.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)________ the Spring Festival, a large number of audience went to watch the animated film Ne Zha 2.
A.On B.For C.During D.In
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在春节期间,大量的观众去观看了动画电影《哪吒2》。
考查介词辨析。on在,具体到某一天;for为了;during在……期间;in在,与表示年月的时间连用。根据“...the Spring Festival, a large number of audience went to watch the animated film Ne Zha 2.”可知,此处指在春节期间很多人去看电影。故选C。
23.(2025·上海松江·二模)The Mid-autumn Festival is ________ the 15 day of the eighth lunar month.
A.in B.on C.at D.by
【答案】B
【详解】句意:中秋节在阴历八月十五。
考查时间介词辨析。in指天、年、月、季节、周次等;on指具体的某一天或星期几;at指时间点;by到……时。根据“the 15 day of the eighth lunar month”可知,是具体的一天。故选B。
24.(2025·上海普陀·二模)Our English teacher usually praises us ______ trying our best.
A.for B.on C.to D.at
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们的英语老师通常会因为我们尽力而表扬我们。
考查介词辨析。for为了;on在……上;to到;at在……。根据“trying our best”可知,此处表示因尽力而表扬某人,需用介词for表示原因。故选A。
25.(2024·上海静安·二模)________ a windy morning, Alex flew a kite in the park happily.
A.In B.On C.At D.For
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在一个有风的早晨,亚历克斯愉快地在公园里放风筝。
考查介词辨析。in+世纪、年、月、季节,在上午/下午/晚上/白天等;on+具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午下午晚上;at+具体的时间点;for为了。根据“a windy morning”可知,这是具体的一天的上午,应用介词on。故选B。
26.(2024·上海闵行·二模)The Spring Festival became a floating holiday of the United Nations (联合国) ________ 2023.
A.on B.in C.at D.to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2023年,春节成为联合国的浮动假日。
考查时间介词。on后接具体日期等;in后接年、月、季节等;at后接具体时刻等;to到。根据“2023”可知此处是年份,用介词in。故选B。
27.(2023·上海奉贤·二模)It is a Chinese tradition for a family to gather together and stay up late ______ Chinese New Year’s Eve.
A.at B.in C.on D.with
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在除夕夜,一家人聚在一起熬夜是中国的传统。
考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻;in后接某年某月某季节;on后接具体一天;with有。“Chinese New Year’s Eve”是具体的一天,应填on修饰,故选C。
28.(2025·上海虹口·三模)The success of the project depends ______ the effort of every member.
A.on B.for C.with D.of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:项目的成功取决于每个成员的努力。
考查介词。on在……上;for为了;with和;of属于……的。depend on“取决于、依靠”,固定短语。故选A。
29.(2025·上海闵行·三模)We’ll have to work on our own ________ the time being until we find partners.
A.at B.for C.with D.from
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在找到合作伙伴之前,我们暂时得独自工作。
考查介词辨析。at在,通常用于具体时间点;for为了;with和……一起;from从……开始。根据“We’ll have to work on our own ... the time being until we find partners.”可知,“for the time being”为固定短语,意为“暂时;目前”,在句中作时间状语,符合句意。 故选B。
30.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)AI is a very smart tool. It can help you ________ different kinds of tasks.
A.by B.to C.with D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:人工智能是一个非常智能的工具。它可以帮助你完成不同种类的任务。
考查固定短语。by表示通过某种方式或手段;to常表示方向、目的等;with可用于固定短语“help sb. with sth.”,意为“帮助某人做某事”;for常表示目的、原因、对象等 。根据“help you ... different kinds of tasks”可知,此处是“help sb. with sth.”的用法,所以用“with”。 故选C。
31.(2024·上海浦东新·三模)Link method provides children ________ a new way of improving memory.
A.by B.with C.for D.from
【答案】B
【详解】句意:联想法给孩子们提供了一个提高记忆力的新方法。
考查介词辨析。by通过;with和;for为了;from来自。provide sb with sth“给某人提供某物”。故选B。
32.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)There’s a nice café just ________ the park from our school. It is always crowded with customers.
A.past B.across C.through D.over
【答案】B
【详解】句意:从我们学校出发,公园的另一边有一家不错的咖啡馆。那里总是挤满了顾客。
考查介词辨析。past经过;across在……的另一侧;through穿过内部;over跨越上方。根据“There’s a nice café just...the park from our school.”可知,此处表示“在公园的另一边”,故选B。
33.(2025·上海虹口·二模)Emma always plays tricks ________ her friends by pretending to be her twin sister.
A.to B.for C.on D.with
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Emma总是通过假装是她的双胞胎姐姐来捉弄她的朋友。
考查介词辨析及动词短语。to朝;for为了;on在……上面;with和。考查play tricks on sb.表示“捉弄某人”,固定短语。故选C。
34.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)The restaurant manager apologized ________ the poor service and offered us free desserts.
A.to B.as C.at D.for
【答案】D
【详解】句意:餐厅经理为服务不佳道歉,并给我们提供了免费甜点。
考查介词辨析。to向,朝;as作为;at在;for为了,因为。根据“The restaurant manager apologized…the poor service and offered us free desserts.”可知,apologize for sth表示“为某事道歉” ,这里表示经理为服务差道歉,所以用for。故选D。
35.(2025·上海崇明·二模)Teresa is always busy ________ her work, so she doesn’t have much time for hobbies.
A.to B.for C.with D.on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:特蕾莎总是忙于她的工作,所以她没有太多时间发展兴趣爱好。
考查介词辨析。to到;for为了;with和;on在……上。根据“busy”可知此处考查固定搭配“be busy with sth.”表示“忙于某事”。故选C。
36.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)The old couple had pity ________ the homeless cat and gave her food and shelter.
A.on B.with C.in D.to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这对老夫妇同情这只无家可归的猫,给它食物和庇护所。
考查介词辨析。on关于;with和;in在……里面;to到。have pity on...表示 “对……感到同情”。故选A。
37.(2025·上海静安·二模)I agree ________ my friend that we should go on a self-driving tour this summer.
A.in B.to C.with D.of
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我同意我朋友的意见,今年夏天我们应该去自驾游。
考查介词辨析。in在……内、用(某种语言等)、在(某段时间)内等;to向、朝、给、对于等;with和……在一起、具有、用等;of属于、关于、……的(表所属关系)。agree with sb.意为“与某人意见一致,同意某人”,这里表示我和朋友意见一致,认为该去自驾游。故选C。
38.(2025·上海长宁·二模)We all know Thanksgiving Day is celebrated ________ the fourth Thursday of each November.
A.in B.to C.at D.on
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们都知道感恩节是在每年11月的第四个星期四庆祝的。
考查介词辨析。in在,用于月份、季节、年份等较长的时间段;to到;at在(某时间或时刻);on在(某一天),用于具体的日期或星期、中午、早上、晚上等。根据“the fourth Thursday of each November”可知,此处表示具体的一天,应用介词on。故选D。
39.(2025·上海宝山·二模)As we all know, smoking does great harm ________ both the smokers and people around.
A.for B.with C.to D.by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:众所周知,吸烟对吸烟者和周围的人都有很大的危害。
考查介词辨析。for为了;with和……一起;to对于;by通过。do harm to意为“对……有害”,所以此处应用介词to,故选C。
40.(2025·上海青浦·二模)Taya is very worried because she hasn’t heard ________ her daughter for two months.
A.about B.from C.in D.at
【答案】B
【详解】句意:Taya非常担心,因为她已经两个月没有收到女儿的来信了。
考查介词辨析。about关于;from从,来自;in在……里面;at在某时刻。根据“heard... her daughter”可知,此处为短语hear from sb,意为“收到某人的来信”,符合句意,故选B。
41.(2025·上海闵行·二模)We should always be thankful ________ our parents for their love and care for us.
A.with B.from C.to D.on
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们应该总是因父母对我们的爱和照顾而感激他们。
考查介词辨析及固定短语。with和;from来自;to到;on在……上面。“be thankful to sb. for sth.”是固定短语,意为“因某事而感激某人”。在本题中,“We should always be thankful to our parents for their love and care for us.”表示“我们应该总是因父母对我们的爱和照顾而感激他们”,所以用介词to,其他选项with、from、on均不能与“be thankful”构成这样的固定短语来表达“感激某人”的意思,故选C。
42.(2025·上海松江·二模)Mum, we’re running out ________ milk. Could you buy some more?
A.from B.of C.with D.in
【答案】B
【详解】句意:妈妈,我们的牛奶快喝完了。你能再买一些吗?
考查介词辨析。from从,来自;of关于;with和;in在……里。run out of“用完,耗尽”,动词短语。故选B。
43.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)It’s rude to make fun ________ someone’s appearance in public.
A.of B.at C.for D.about
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在公共场合取笑别人的外表是不礼貌的。
考查介词辨析。of……的;at在;for为了;about关于。make fun of“取笑,嘲笑”,为固定短语。故选A。
44.(2025·上海杨浦·二模)I am truly thankful ______ my host family for making me feel at home during my stay.
A.with B.to C.of D.for
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我真心感谢我的寄宿家庭,因为在我逗留期间让我感到宾至如归。
考查介词辨析。with和……一起;to对……;of……的;for因为,为了。be thankful to sb. for sth“因某事感谢某人”,故选B。
45.(2024·上海·模拟预测)It’s reported that about ________ of the Math teachers in Shanghai are under the age of 35.
A.three-fifth B.third-fifths C.thirds-fifth D.three-fifths
【答案】D
【详解】句意:据报道,上海五分之三的数学教师年龄在35岁以下。
考查分数的表达。根据“It’s reported that about …of the Math teachers in Shanghai are under the age of 35.”可知,此处表示分数,英语中分数的表达规则为:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,分母需变为复数形式,此处选项D符合规则。故选D。
46.(2024·上海·模拟预测)Mike held a party to celebrate his grandfather’s ________ birthday.
A.eighties B.eighty C.eightieth D.the eightieth
【答案】C
【详解】句意:迈克举办了一个派对来庆祝他爷爷八十岁的生日。
考查序数词用法。eighties八十几;eighty八十;eightieth第八十;the eightieth第八十。表示“第几个生日”要用序数词,eighty的序数词是eightieth,且空前有名词所有格grandfather’s,此时序数词前不用the。故选C。
47.(24-25九年级下·上海·阶段练习)More than _________ athletes from around the world took part in the 2nd Summer Youth Olympic Games in Nanjing.
A.thousands of B.thousand of C.three thousands D.three thousand
【答案】D
【详解】句意:来自世界各地的超过三千名运动员参加了在南京举办的第二届夏季青年奥林匹克运动会。
考查大数的表达。thousand“千”,表示具体数字时,不加-s,也不与of连用;表示概数时,需-s且与of连用。根据“More than”可知,此处是表示具体数字,因此three thousand“三千”符合。故选D。
48.(2025·上海徐汇·模拟预测)Our school library houses over ________ books, covering a wide range of subjects from ancient history to modern science.
A.two thousands B.two thousand C.thousands of D.two thousand of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们学校的图书馆藏书两千多册,涵盖从古代史到现代科学的各种学科。
考查数词。基数词前有具体数字时,不需要用复数形式;无具体数字时,thousands of 表示 “上千的”,是概数。根据“over”可知,此处指 “超过2千”,故选B。
49.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)Lights were lit up ________ March 8 to pay respect to those brave female doctors and nurses.
A.at B.in C.on D.for
【答案】C
【详解】句意:3月8日点亮了灯,向那些勇敢的女医生和护士致敬。
考查时间介词用法。at表钟点时间;in用于一天的上中下午和年月季节等;on用于星期几等具体的时间;for后接时间段通常用于表示一个动作或状态持续的时间。根据“March 8”可知此处是具体的日期,用时间介词on,故选C。
50.(2024·山东菏泽·一模)—Li Ming practiced hardest among us and he won first prize in the competition.
—A dream can’t come true ________ hard work.
A.by B.across C.over D.without
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——李明是我们当中练习最努力的,他在比赛中获得了一等奖。——不经过努力,梦想是不可能实现的。
考查介词。by凭借;across从……一边到另一边;over在……上面;without没有。根据上文“A dream can’t come true”可知,此处表达不经过努力,梦想是不可能实现的,所以应填入意为“没有”的介词。故选D。
51.(2025·上海闵行·三模)Over ________ people attended the business meeting the day before yesterday.
A.hundred of B.hundreds of C.two hundred D.two hundreds
【答案】C
【详解】句意:前天,有二百多人参加了这个商务会议。
考查大数的表达。hundred百,表示具体数字时,不用复数,也不与of连用;表达概数时,需用复数,且与of连用。根据“Over”可知,空处需用具体数字,C选项“两百”符合。故选C。
52.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)Only ________ of students passed the advanced math test, making it the toughest exam this year.
A.one-fifth B.two-fifth C.one-five D.first-five
【答案】A
【详解】句意:只有五分之一的学生通过了高等数学测试,这使得它成为今年最难的考试。
考查分数的表达。one-fifth五分之一;two-fifth错误表达;one-five错误表达;first-five错误表达。分数是由基数词和序数词一起来表示的。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。故选A。
53.(2025·上海静安·一模)Five ________ students in our school took part in the opening ceremony of the Tourism Festival.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundredth D.hundreds of
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我们学校有五百名学生参加了旅游节的开幕式。
考查hundred的用法。“hundred”表示“百”,当其前面有具体数字修饰时,不用复数,也不与of连用;当表示概数时,要用其复数形式,且与of连用,即“hundreds of”表示“成百上千”。根据空前“Five”可知,此处表示具体几百,应用hundred。故选A。
54.(2024·上海奉贤·二模)Even though my grandpa is ________, he still takes an active part in voluntary work.
A.at his seventies B.in his seventies
C.at his seventy D.in his seventy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:虽然我的爷爷已经七十多岁了,但是他仍然积极参加志愿者工作。
考查年龄表达。短语in one’s+基数词复数,表示“在某人多少岁”,“in one’s seventies”在某人七十多岁。故选B。
55.(2023·上海浦东新·三模)“One million four hundred and sixteen” can also be written as “_________”.
A.1,004,016 B.100,416 C.1,000,416 D.1,000,460
【答案】C
【详解】句意:“一百万零四百一十六”可以写成“1,000,416”。
考查大数字的表达。由“four hundred and sixteen”可知,“四百一十六”用阿拉伯数字表述是416,排除AD选项;再根据“一百万”是个八位数可知,B选项不符合。故选C。
56.(2023·上海奉贤·二模)Our English teacher looks young. It’s hard to imagine she is already in her ______.
A.forty B.fortieth C.fourteen D.forties
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们的英语老师看起来很年轻。很难想象她已经四十多岁了。
考查基数词以及年龄段的表达。forty四十;fortieth第四十;fourteen十四;forties四十的复数形式。in one’s+逢十的基数词的复数形式,表示“在某人几十多岁时”,故选D。
57.(24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中)About ________ companies from different countries will attend the Seventh China International Import Expo .
A.three thousands B.thousands of C.three thousand D.thousand
【答案】C
【详解】句意:大约三千家公司将参加第七届中国国际进口博览会。
考查数词的用法。当thousand与数词连用时,表示一个具体的数字,后面不加s;当thousand与of+复数名词作主语时,表示一个多而不具体的数字,后面加s。“About”后需接一个具体的数字来表达,故选C。
58.(2022·上海嘉定·一模)It took the ancient Chinese people several ________ years to finish building the Great Wall.
A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.three hundred
【答案】A
【详解】句意:古代中国人花了几百年才建成长城。
考查hundred用法。hundred前面有具体数字修饰时,不加s不加of;没有具体数字修饰时,要加s加of;本题空前有“several”修饰,hundred后面不用加s,故选A。
59.(2022·上海静安·一模)My neighbour Granny Wang had a lovely granddaughter in her ________.
A.fifty B.fifties C.fiftieth D.fiftieths
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我的邻居王奶奶五十多岁时有一个可爱的孙女。
考查数词用法。fifty“五十”,基数词;fifties,fifty的复数;fiftieth“第五十”,序数词;fiftieths,fiftieth的复数;in one’s+逢十的基数词复数,表示在某人几十岁时。故选B。
60.(2025·上海·模拟预测)The teaching building in our university is about ________high.
A.fifty-five metre B.fifty-five metres C.fifty-five-metre D.fifty five metres
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我们大学的教学楼大约有55米高。
考查基数词和复数名词。metre“米”,长度单位,fifty-five“55”,修饰名词复数,排除A;D选项格式错误,排除;英语中,表示“55米高”,用fifty-five metres high或55 metres high。故选B。
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