内容正文:
专题03 形容词、副词、系动词、情态动词(核心考点精讲精练)
复习目标
形容词修饰名词,在句中做定语 表语及宾补。副词修饰动词及整个句子,作状语。中考主要考查形容词做表语,构成系表结构,尤其注意感官系动词+形容词的结构。另外,需注意形容词副词的三级比较及变化。在近年的考试中,对系动词的考查,重心放在系动词+形容词做表语上。词汇辨异主要考查单词意义的辨识,用法上的辨异,语境应用。情态动词是一种特殊的动词形式,表达一种情态,如可能性、必要性、建议、请求等。考题侧重基本用法。另外,要注意情态动词的综合运用及特殊用法。
【思维导图】
考点概览
(一)形容词、副词
考点
考向
考法/命题角度
形容词/副词
1比较级和最高级变化,注意不规则变化
2修饰比较级的词:much, a little, a bit,far, even, still
3原级比较级最高级几个特殊句型:as…….as用于肯定句/否定句 so…..as 只能用于否定句
4 –ing 表示令人 --ed表示感到
5.形容词与介词搭配的高频词组
1. 感官动词+ adj.
e.g. Keep our classroom clean; look sad
2. 常用形容词和副词的辨析,以ly结尾仍然是形容词:likely, lovely, lonely, lively, friendly
3. 不去e的adj: changeable;去e的adj. truly, argument
4 one of +最高级+名词复数。
系动词+形容词
1.作系动词,感官动词+adj.,作表语,说明主语所处的状态。
2.感官动词+介词like+名词(如:look like…)
3.taste, smell作不及物动词(vi.)时,用于"taste/smell+of+名词”结构,意为“有……味道/气味”。
4.look\ sound\ feel可构成"look/sound/feel+ as if+从句"结构, 意为“看起来/听起来/感觉好像……”。
1. 在近年的考试中,对系动词的考查,重心放在系动词+形容词做表语上。此外,有时候考查系动词词义辨析。
2. 也需要注意一些固定搭配。如:
The air in the room smells of earth.
房间里的空气有股泥土味。
It looks as if our class is going to win.
看来我们班好像要获胜了。
比较级别:
1. 用原形的信号词: as…as, not as/so…as,倍数+ as … as , etc.
2. 用比较级的信号词:than, of the two, A or B,
3. 用最高级的信号词:of the three, of all, in the class
4. 隐形比较级:
5. 降级比较
6. 无比较级的形容词:prefer
1. My bedroom is 3 times as big as yours.
2.Your room is _______ than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big
C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
3. I like the older one of the two books.
4. Which is stronger, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
5. English is one of the most important languages spoken in the world.
6.Work hard and you will make more progress
7. Do sth for your school and it will become better.
特殊动词+形容词:
1.感官动词: look sad, sound nice, taste good
2.变化类系动词:come, become, turn, get, grow
3.不变化类系动词: keep , stay, remain
1. These oranges taste_______.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
2. —You look_________.
— Yes, I've just returned from the_________ holiday I've ever had.
A. good, best B. well, good C. better, good
不定代词+形容词: something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.
—Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
—OK. Let’s give him something different to eat.
词尾为-ly的形容词
1. friendly, fatherly, brotherly
2. daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
3. lovely, lively, likely
常见形容词后缀
-al:natural national, -ive:active creative, -ful:careful forgetful,
-able: changeable, unforgettable, -ar:popular,regular
-ous: dangerous,serious, various,
动词转化为形容词:
1.moved-moving, excited-exciting, interested-interesting, surprised-surprising, disappointed-disappointing, etc.
2. 人是-ed, 物是-ing
We have never heard such an _________ speech. We are very________.
A. exciting, exciting B. exciting, excited
C. excited, exciting D. excited, excited
enough 的用法
1. There is enough food for us this week.
2. I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough B. enough tall
C. health enough D. strong enough
3. The goal-keeper acted_________ to catch the ball.
A. enough quickly B. so quickly
C. quickly enough D. such quickly
表语形容词:well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, etc.
The ______ person is talking with the doctor.
A. ill B. sick C. illness D. sickness
形容词、副词特别结构:
more and more ,the more…the more
1. When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
2. The more he read the book,the moreinterested he was in it.
比较级前可有状语修饰:much, a bit
1. Mary and Alice are of the same age, but Mary is ___ than Alice.
A. more taller B. much tall
C. a little more taller D. much taller
形容词、副词同形:
hard, late, high, deep, enough, early, etc.
1. He is always one of the early comers.
2. He always comes early to school to clean his classroom.
(二)系动词
考点类别
具体规则
示例
be 动词的基本用法
1. 根据主语人称和数变化,常见形式有 am, is, are(现在时);was, were(过去时)2. 主语为第一人称单数(I)时,现在时用 am,过去时用 was3. 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词等)时,现在时用 is,过去时用 was4. 主语为第二人称(you)、第一人称复数(we)、第三人称复数(they / 复数名词等)时,现在时用 are,过去时用 were
1. I am a middle school student.(我是一名中学生。)I was at home yesterday.(昨天我在家。)2. He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。)The book was on the desk just now.(这本书刚才在桌子上。)3. You are my good friend.(你是我的好朋友。)They were in the park last Sunday.(上周日他们在公园。)4. Water is important for us.(水对我们很重要。)The news was exciting.(这个消息很令人兴奋。)
表 “变化” 类系动词
1. 常见此类系动词:become(变得)、get(变得)、turn(变得,常接颜色 / 性质变化)、grow(逐渐变得)2. 后接形容词作表语,不接副词;部分动词可接名词(如 become)
1. The weather gets cold in autumn.(秋天天气变冷。)She became a teacher after graduation.(她毕业后成为了一名老师。)2. The leaves turn yellow in October.(十月树叶变黄。)He grows more and more confident.(他变得越来越自信。)
表 “感官” 类系动词
1. 常见此类系动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来 / 感觉)2. 后接形容词作表语,不接副词;不可用于被动语态
1. The flowers look beautiful.(这些花看起来很漂亮。)The music sounds nice.(这段音乐听起来很悦耳。)2. The cake smells delicious.(这个蛋糕闻起来很香。)The soup tastes salty.(这汤尝起来有点咸。)3. The cloth feels soft.(这块布摸起来很软。)I feel happy today.(我今天感觉很开心。)
表 “保持” 类系动词
1. 常见此类系动词:keep(保持)、stay(保持)、remain(保持 / 仍然是)2. 后接形容词作表语,强调状态的持续
1. You should keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆你应该保持安静。)The room stays clean all the time.(这个房间一直保持干净。)2. He remains silent after hearing the news.(听到这个消息后,他仍然保持沉默。)The door remains open.(门仍然开着。)
系动词与实义动词的区分
1. 系动词后接形容词作表语,实义动词后接副词作状语2. 部分动词(如 look, smell, feel 等)可作系动词也可作实义动词,需根据语境判断:表 “感官印象” 时为系动词,表 “具体动作” 时为实义动词
1. He looks happy.(他看起来很高兴。)——look 为系动词,后接形容词 happyHe looks carefully at the picture.(他仔细地看着这幅画。)——look 为实义动词,后接副词 carefully2. The dish smells good.(这道菜闻起来很香。)——smell 为系动词She smells the flowers.(她闻了闻这些花。)——smell 为实义动词
系动词的时态变化
1. 除 be 动词有完整的时态变化外,其他系动词(如 become, get, look 等)时态变化遵循规则动词变化(一般现在时第三人称单数加 - s/es,过去时加 - ed 等)2. 常见时态:一般现在时、一般过去时
1. He becomes more outgoing now.(现在他变得更外向了。)—— 一般现在时第三人称单数He became more outgoing last year.(去年他变得更外向了。)—— 一般过去时2. The food tastes good every time.(这食物每次尝起来都很好。)—— 一般现在时The food tasted good yesterday.(昨天这食物尝起来很好。)—— 一般过去时
(三)情态动词
情态动词
基本用法
例句
can/
could
1、表示能力,可译为“能,会”。
2、表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。
3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。
The cinema can seat 1,000 people.
Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?
How can you be so careless?
You can’t be too careful when driving.
may/
might
在口语中可用can, could代替may,但在正式场合用may。表示允许时,也可用might代替,might不表示过去时,而是表示口气比较婉转。
1、表示请求、许可,常译为“可以”。
2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you?
May you succeed!
must/
have to
1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,强调主观看法,可译为“必须,应该”。
2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。
3、mustn’t表示“禁止”;don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。
4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事,可译为“必然会,总是会”。
5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。
Everyone must obey the rule.
My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.
You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone.
You don’t have to tell me the secret.
Truth must be out.
When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
must
肯定回答:Yes, ...must.
否定回答:No,...needn’t / don’t have to.
shall
1、表示征询意见或请求指示,用于一、三人称疑问句。
2、表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思,用于第二、三人称陈述句中。
3、表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章中,意为“必须,应该”。
Shall they wait outside?
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.(决心)
The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.
should
1、表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)。
2、常与what, how, why等词连用,表示意外、惊讶等情绪。
3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测,可译为“可能、照说应该”。
4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等,意为“竟然”。
One shouldn’t be selfish.
How should I know?
He should be taking a bath now.
It’s a pity that you should be so careless.
ought to
1、表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做),口气比should稍重。
2、表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译为“应该是,会是”。
We ought to defend our country.
Prices ought to come down soon.
will
1、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
2、表请求,用于疑问句。
3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
I will do anything for you.
Will you close the window? It’s a bit
cold.
The door won’t open.
would
1、表意愿。
2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
Would you like another glass of beer?
Every time she was in trouble, she
would go to him for help.
used to
1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不存在。
2、否定:usedn’t to/didn’t use to。
区别:
used to表示过去习惯动作或状态,强调“现已无此习惯了”,而would只表示过去的习惯动作,与现在无关,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there.
Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
need
1、作情态动词:
need表示“需要”或“必须”,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用 must,have to,ought to,或 should代替。
否定:needn’t do
2、作实义动词:
后面接不定式(to do),有人称、数和时态的变化。
肯定:need to do 否定:don’t need to do
You needn’t come so early.
He needs to finish it this evening.
He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
dare
1、作情态动词:
主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句。
2、作实义动词:
在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带 to的不定式;而在否定和疑问句中,dare后面的不定式可以不带to。
肯定:dare to do 否定:don’t dare (to) do
—He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
—Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t.
How dare you say I’m unfair?
If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
考题透视
►考向一 形容词副词
【真题链接】
1.(2023·上海中考真题) It's much _________ today. You needn't have your coat on.
A) warm B) warmer C)warmest D) the warmest
【答案】.B
【解析】:根据句意 “今天暖和多了,你不必穿外套。”,此处应用比较级形式,“much + 比较级” 表示 “…… 得多”。
2. (2023·上海中考真题)Joyce felt ____________ when she won the first prize for handwriting.
A) please B) pleased C) pleasure D) pleasantly
答案 B 。
【解析】 这个句子需要填入一个形容词来描述Joyce赢得书法比赛一等奖时的感受。在这里,我们需要一个能够修饰人的感觉的词,因此应该使用形容词。
3.(2022·上海中考真题)This detective story is ______ than the one I read last night.
A. attractive B. more attractive C. most attractive D. the most attractive
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意:这篇侦探小说比我昨晚读的那篇更吸引人。
考查比较级。根据“than”可知,此处是比较级,应用形容词attractive的比较级more attractive。故选B。
4.(2022·上海中考真题) These strawberries look _______. I’d like to buy some for my father.
A. happily B. lovely C. softly D. properly
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】句意:这些草莓看起来很可爱。我想给我爸爸买一些。
考查形容词作表语。happily开心地,副词;lovely可爱的,形容词;softly柔软地,副词;properly正确地,副词。look是系动词,后加形容词作表语,lovely符合,故选B。
5.(2021·上海·中考真题)Yuan Longping is recognized as one of ________ agricultural scientists in the world.
A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:袁隆平被认为是世界上最伟大的农业科学家之一。
考查形容词。great伟大的;greater更伟大的;greatest最伟大的;the greatest最伟大的。one of the+形容词的最高级+复数名词,表示“最……的……之一”,故选D。
6.(2021·上海·中考真题)Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you?
A.lovely B.softly C.politely D.beautifully
【答案】A
【详解】句意:你在海滩上度过一天的想法听起来很不错。我能和你一起去吗?
考查形容词的用法。lovely可爱的,极好的,形容词;softly轻柔地,副词;politely礼貌地,副词;beautifully美丽地,副词。“sounds”为系动词,后面接形容词构成系表结构。故选A。
7.(2020·上海·中考真题)Balanced diets are just as________as regular exercise in our daily life.
A.important B.more important
C.most important D.the most important
【答案】A
【详解】句意:在我们的日常生活中,平衡的饮食和有规律的锻炼一样重要。
考查形容词比较等级。important原级;more important比较级;most important最高级;the most important最高级;原级比较as...as和……一样,用形容词或副词的原形。故选A。
8.(2016·上海·中考真题)The manager sounded____ on the phone.He offered to show us around the company.
A.softly B.friendly C.gently D.seriously
【答案】B
【详解】句意:这个经理在电话里听起来很友好,他邀请我们参观公司。
考查形容词作表语。A. softly副词,轻柔地,柔软地;B. friendly形容词,友好的;C. gently副词,温柔地、温和地;D. seriously副词,严肃地、认真地。句中sound为系动词,后面接形容词作表语,故选B。
9.(2019·上海·中考真题)David's responses were than anyone else's and he won the competition.
A.quick B.quicker C.quickest D.the quickest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:大卫的反应比任何人都快,他赢得了比赛。
A. quick快的;B. quicker更快的;C. quickest最快的;D. the quickest最快的。根据than anyone else's and he won the competition.可知,这里用形容词的比较级,排除AB;选项D为最高级,可排除。根据题意,故选B。
10.(2019·上海·中考真题)The climbers made a fire during the night in order to be in the mountain.
A.safe B.safely C.save D.safety
【答案】A
【详解】句意:为了在山上安全,登山者在夜间生火。
A. safe安全的;形容词;B. safely安全地;副词;C. save节省,动词;D. safety安全,名词。in order to be+形容词,safe的意思是“安全的”,形容词。故选A。
11.(2018·上海·中考真题)The bridge between the two islands is _______ one in Shanghai.
A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这两座岛之间的桥是上海最长的一座桥。in Shanghai在上海,是表示最高级的比较范围,形容词的最高级之前用定冠词the,故答案为D。
12.(2018·上海·中考真题)Old Mr. Green doesn't feel_____because some students visit him regularly.
A.sadly B.gently C.lonely D.angrily
【答案】C
【详解】句意:格林老先生不感到孤独,因为一些学生定期来看他。A. sadly悲伤地;B. gently温柔地;C. lonely孤单地;D. angrily生气地。根据后面的句子“because some students visit him regularly.”可知,因为有学生而不再感到孤单,故答案为C。
13.(2017·上海·中考真题)Nowadays people wish to have ____ food than before as their life improves.
A.healthy B.healthier C.healthiest D.the healthiest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:现在人们希望有比以前更健康的食物,因为他们的生活改善了。
比以前更健康而且空格后面有比较级标志词than,要用healthy的比较级。A. healthy健康的,原级;B. healthier更健康的,比较级;C. healthiest和D. the healthiest最健康的,最高级。根据than可知,这里应该用形容词的比较级的形式。故选B。
14.(2016·上海·中考真题)This temple is one of _______ buildings in the town. We must take action to protect it.
A.old B.older C.oldest D.the oldest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这座房子是这个镇上最老的建筑之一。我们必须采取行动保护它。one of+the+形容词的最高级+复数名词“最……的……之一”,故此处用定冠词the+形容词的最高级,故选D。
15.(2012·上海·中考真题)The baby feels _________ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A.save B.safe C.safely D.safety
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当他妈妈把他抱在怀里时,孩子感到很安全。本题考查形容词,语境是:当他的妈妈把他抱住,他感觉到安全的,答案选B。safety是名词。
16.(2015·上海·中考真题) Alex did the project on community service ______ better than his classmates.
A.so B.very C.too D.much
【答案】D
【详解】句意:亚历克斯做的关于社区服务的计划比他的同班同学做的好的多。so 如此,very 非常,too 太,用来修饰形容词或副词的原级;much,far, a lot, a little , 等用来修饰比较级,说明比较的程度。结合句意及结构,故选D。
17.(2017·上海·中考真题)Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as __________ as the computer.
A.well B.better C.best D.the best
【答案】A
【详解】句意:亚历克斯相信他下棋很快就能和玩计算机一样好了。
as…as,和……一样……,两个as之间要用原级形容词或副词。B. better更好,是well的比较级;C. best最好,是well的最高级形式; D. the best最好,是well的最高级形式;故选A。
►考向二 系动词辨析
高频易混易错梳理/归纳
通常我们把系动词分为六大类:在主系表结构的英文句子中,系动词(也叫连系动词) 作用就好像一条纽带,把主语和表语系在一起。表语的作用是描述主语的“样子”,常由形容词来担任,也可以是名词和介词短语。
1.状态系动词。be
2.感官系动词。感官系动词主要有: look. Hear/sound,.smell, taste,feel
3.变化系动词。变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
4.持续系动词。主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
5.表象系动词。主要有seem, appear, look
6.终止系动词。主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意
【真题链接】
1.(2023·上海中考真题)- Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow?
- Thank you for asking, but I_________there already.
A) had been B) was C) have been D) will be
2. (2021·上海·统考中考真题)Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you?
A.lovely B.softly C.politely D.beautifully
3. (2014·上海·中考真题)The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars on their way back to Shanghai.
A.am B.is
C.are D.be
4. (2013·上海·中考真题)A lot of foreigners__________ familiar with the famous places of interest in China.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
5. (2022·上海·统考中考真题)These strawberries look _______. I’d like to buy some for my father.
A.happily B.lovely C.softly D.properly
6. (2018·上海·中考真题)Old Mr. Green doesn't feel_____because some students visit him regularly.
A.sadly B.gently C.lonely D.angrily
7. (2012·上海·中考真题)The baby feels _________ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A.save B.safe C.safely D.safety
1. C (根据句子 “I've been here since 2016.” 可知,此处表示从 2016 年开始一直到现在,应用现在完成时,其结构为 have/has + 过去分词,故选 C。)
2.A
【详解】句意:你在海滩上度过一天的想法听起来很不错。我能和你一起去吗?
考查形容词的用法。lovely可爱的,极好的,形容词;softly轻柔地,副词;politely礼貌地,副词;beautifully美丽地,副词。“sounds”为系动词,后面接形容词构成系表结构。故选A。
3.C
【详解】句意:由于有那么多汽车在回上海的路上,交通非常缓慢。下文主语cars是复数形式,故谓语动词用复数,故选C。
4.C
【详解】be动词往往根据句子的主语而有所不同,其应用原则可以结合如下歌谣来记忆;我用am,你用are;is用在他、她、它。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。本句主语A lot of foreigners许多外国人,是复数形式,故系动词用are,选C。
考点:主谓一致
5.B
【详解】句意:这些草莓看起来很可爱。我想给我爸爸买一些。
考查形容词作表语。happily开心地,副词;lovely可爱的,形容词;softly柔软地,副词;properly正确地,副词。look是系动词,后加形容词作表语,lovely符合,故选B。
6.C
【详解】句意:格林老先生不感到孤独,因为一些学生定期来看他。A. sadly悲伤地;B. gently温柔地;C. lonely孤单地;D. angrily生气地。根据后面的句子“because some students visit him regularly.”可知,因为有学生而不再感到孤单,故答案为C。
7.B
【详解】句意:当他妈妈把他抱在怀里时,孩子感到很安全。本题考查形容词,语境是:当他的妈妈把他抱住,他感觉到安全的,答案选B。safety是名词。
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)According to the law, you _______ drive after drinking.
A) mustn't B) won't C) can't D) needn't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据法律,酒后禁止驾车。A) mustn't - 表示“禁止”或“不应该”,用于强调法律或规则的强制性禁止。B) won't - 表示“不会”,用于表达将来不会发生的动作或状态。C) can't - 表示“不能”,通常用于表达能力上的不可能或客观条件的限制,而不是法律禁止。D) needn't - 表示“不必”,用于表达没有做某事的必要,不适用于表示法律禁止的情况。在这个句子中,"According to the law, you _______ drive after drinking." 表达的是法律禁止酒后驾车的行为,因此最恰当的选项是 A) mustn't,表示法律上的禁止。其他选项在语境上都不符合表达法律禁止的意图。
2.(2022·上海中考真题)—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以用你的胶水吗?我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。
考查情态动词。Should应该;Need需要;Must必须;May可以。此处表征求他人的同意,应用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。
3.(2021·上海中考真题)—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?
—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以买两张中国农民画展的票吗? ——很抱歉,票卖完了。
考查情态动词。Must必须;Need需要;Should应该;May可以。根据“I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition”可知,此处表示请求允许,用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。
4.(2020·上海中考真题)According to the traffic law,children under 12________ride bicycles on the road.
A.won't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't
【答案】D
【详解】句意:根据交通法,12岁以下的儿童不允许在路上骑自行车.
考查情态动词的用法。won't不将会;wouldn't不将会;needn't不必;mustn't不允许。根据children under 12"12岁以下的儿童"可知,"不允许"在路上骑自行车。用mustn't。故选D。
【点睛】考查情态动词。情态动词在句中不受人称、性别、单复数变化的影响,但是要考虑时态,交际用法等。结合语境,选择正确答案。
5.(2019·上海中考真题)According to the rule,used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.
A.must B.need C.can D.may
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据规定,废旧电池必须投到红色垃圾箱中,以防产生有害废物。
A. must必须;B. need需要;C. can能,会;D. may可以。根据下文in the red bin for harmful wastes.可知这里是说必须被丢到红色垃圾箱。根据题意,故选A。
6.(2018·上海中考真题)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我必须自己做这个项目吗?——不,你不需要。你可以和你的同学一起工作。A. needn’t不必;B. can’t 不能;C. shouldn’t不应该;D. mustn’t禁止,千万别。以must开头的一般疑问句,以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要、不必”,而不能用mustn’t,故选A。
点睛:must的用法:①表示必须,否定式为mustn’t,意为“禁止”。②以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要、不必”,而不能用mustn’t。这里要格外注意以情态动词开头的一般疑问句的回答并不一定都是“用什么问用什么答”,有时会有特例,本题便是,不能使用“mustn’t”,如果使用,意思就会变成“禁止”,而非“不需要”。
7.(2017·上海中考真题)—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?
A.Would B.May
C.Must D.Should
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我可以把车在这儿停一会儿吗?——不,你不能。你看到“禁止停车”的标志了吗?在英语中,可以用may、might、can、could提出要求,表示请求“许可”。A.would和D.should用于委婉说法,表达的是“意愿”,可排除。而C.must强调的是“必须”,也可排除。故选B。
8.(2016·上海中考真题)A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.
A.ought B.need C.can D.must
【答案】C
【详解】句意:真正的好朋友是你可以与之分享快乐和痛苦的人。ought to应该;need需要;can能够,可以;must必须。A答案中缺少to,首先应排除。结合句意可知,能够与你分享快乐和痛苦的人才是一个真正的好朋友,答案为C。
9.(2015·上海中考真题)–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .
A.must B.may C.should D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--妈妈,明天我可以参观电影博物馆吗?--恐怕你不能去,周一不开门。A. must 必须; B.may 可以,表示请求;C. should 应该;D. need需要。may I …?我可以做……?否定回答通常不用mayn’t经常用can’t或mustn’t. 结合句意,故选B。
10.(2014·上海中考真题)All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.could
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在所有的乘客坐飞机之前他们必须经过安检。
can能,表示能力;may可以,表示允许;must必要,表示要求;ought应该,表示责任和义务。结合句意,坐飞机要进行安检,这是一个必须做的事情,故用情态动词must,故选C。
11.(2013·上海中考真题)— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Dad?
— No,you__________,son.You’re free to make your own decision.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析:句意:–我必须去上医学院像你一样当一个医生吗,爸爸?—不,你不必,儿子。你可以自由地做你自己的决定。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止,不允许;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。对must开头的一般疑问句做否定回答,习惯用needn’t。所以选D。
12.(2012·上海中考真题)You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.
A.may B.need C.should D.ought to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你晚上一个人在山上走,你可能会迷路。
考查情态动词的用法。 解题思路:此处由句意可知表示推测语气,选项B、C、D均不表示推测语气,may可能,表示推测,故选A。
►考向三 情态动词辨析
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)According to the law, you _______ drive after drinking.
A) mustn't B) won't C) can't D) needn't
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据法律,酒后禁止驾车。A) mustn't - 表示“禁止”或“不应该”,用于强调法律或规则的强制性禁止。B) won't - 表示“不会”,用于表达将来不会发生的动作或状态。C) can't - 表示“不能”,通常用于表达能力上的不可能或客观条件的限制,而不是法律禁止。D) needn't - 表示“不必”,用于表达没有做某事的必要,不适用于表示法律禁止的情况。在这个句子中,"According to the law, you _______ drive after drinking." 表达的是法律禁止酒后驾车的行为,因此最恰当的选项是 A) mustn't,表示法律上的禁止。其他选项在语境上都不符合表达法律禁止的意图。
2.(2022·上海中考真题)—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以用你的胶水吗?我在做风筝。——没问题。给你。
考查情态动词。Should应该;Need需要;Must必须;May可以。此处表征求他人的同意,应用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。
3.(2021·上海中考真题)—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?
—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我可以买两张中国农民画展的票吗? ——很抱歉,票卖完了。
考查情态动词。Must必须;Need需要;Should应该;May可以。根据“I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition”可知,此处表示请求允许,用May引导一般疑问句。故选D。
4.(2020·上海中考真题)According to the traffic law,children under 12________ride bicycles on the road.
A.won't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't
【答案】D
【详解】句意:根据交通法,12岁以下的儿童不允许在路上骑自行车.
考查情态动词的用法。won't不将会;wouldn't不将会;needn't不必;mustn't不允许。根据children under 12"12岁以下的儿童"可知,"不允许"在路上骑自行车。用mustn't。故选D。
【点睛】考查情态动词。情态动词在句中不受人称、性别、单复数变化的影响,但是要考虑时态,交际用法等。结合语境,选择正确答案。
5.(2019·上海中考真题)According to the rule,used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.
A.must B.need C.can D.may
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据规定,废旧电池必须投到红色垃圾箱中,以防产生有害废物。
A. must必须;B. need需要;C. can能,会;D. may可以。根据下文in the red bin for harmful wastes.可知这里是说必须被丢到红色垃圾箱。根据题意,故选A。
6.(2018·上海中考真题)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我必须自己做这个项目吗?——不,你不需要。你可以和你的同学一起工作。A. needn’t不必;B. can’t 不能;C. shouldn’t不应该;D. mustn’t禁止,千万别。以must开头的一般疑问句,以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要、不必”,而不能用mustn’t,故选A。
点睛:must的用法:①表示必须,否定式为mustn’t,意为“禁止”。②以must开头的疑问句,肯定回答用must,而否定回答则用needn’t或don’t have to,意为“不需要、不必”,而不能用mustn’t。这里要格外注意以情态动词开头的一般疑问句的回答并不一定都是“用什么问用什么答”,有时会有特例,本题便是,不能使用“mustn’t”,如果使用,意思就会变成“禁止”,而非“不需要”。
7.(2017·上海中考真题)—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?
A.Would B.May
C.Must D.Should
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我可以把车在这儿停一会儿吗?——不,你不能。你看到“禁止停车”的标志了吗?在英语中,可以用may、might、can、could提出要求,表示请求“许可”。A.would和D.should用于委婉说法,表达的是“意愿”,可排除。而C.must强调的是“必须”,也可排除。故选B。
8.(2016·上海中考真题)A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.
A.ought B.need C.can D.must
【答案】C
【详解】句意:真正的好朋友是你可以与之分享快乐和痛苦的人。ought to应该;need需要;can能够,可以;must必须。A答案中缺少to,首先应排除。结合句意可知,能够与你分享快乐和痛苦的人才是一个真正的好朋友,答案为C。
9.(2015·上海中考真题)–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .
A.must B.may C.should D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:--妈妈,明天我可以参观电影博物馆吗?--恐怕你不能去,周一不开门。A. must 必须; B.may 可以,表示请求;C. should 应该;D. need需要。may I …?我可以做……?否定回答通常不用mayn’t经常用can’t或mustn’t. 结合句意,故选B。
10.(2014·上海中考真题)All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.could
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在所有的乘客坐飞机之前他们必须经过安检。
can能,表示能力;may可以,表示允许;must必要,表示要求;ought应该,表示责任和义务。结合句意,坐飞机要进行安检,这是一个必须做的事情,故用情态动词must,故选C。
11.(2013·上海中考真题)— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Dad?
— No,you__________,son.You’re free to make your own decision.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】试题分析:句意:–我必须去上医学院像你一样当一个医生吗,爸爸?—不,你不必,儿子。你可以自由地做你自己的决定。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止,不允许;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。对must开头的一般疑问句做否定回答,习惯用needn’t。所以选D。
12.(2012·上海中考真题)You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.
A.may B.need C.should D.ought to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果你晚上一个人在山上走,你可能会迷路。
考查情态动词的用法。 解题思路:此处由句意可知表示推测语气,选项B、C、D均不表示推测语气,may可能,表示推测,故选A。
好题新题特训
1.(2025·上海虹口·三模)After hours of practice, Lily felt ______ with her progress in playing the piano.
A.satisfied B.satisfying C.satisfy D.satisfaction
【答案】A
【详解】句意:经过几个小时的练习,莉莉对自己在弹钢琴方面的进步感到满意。
考查形容词。satisfied感到满意的;satisfying令人满意的;satisfy使满意;satisfaction满意。根据“felt”可知,此处应用形容词作表语,且表示人的感受。故选A。
2.(2025·上海金山·二模)After hearing the good thing Joe did, we felt very ________ because of our misunderstanding.
A.angry B.sorry C.proud D.fair
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在听到乔做的好事之后,由于我们的误解,我们感到非常抱歉。
考查形容词词义辨析。angry生气的;sorry抱歉的,愧疚的;proud骄傲的;fair公平的。由“the good thing Joe did”和“because of our misunderstanding”可知,乔做了好事,而我们却误解了他,这种情况下内心会感到愧疚、抱歉,“sorry”符合语境。故选B。
3.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)My sister looks ________ when she wears her favourite blue scarf with her coat.
A.politely B.happily C.lonely D.lovely
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我妹妹穿戴着她最喜欢的蓝色围巾和外套,看起来很可爱。
考查词义辨析。politely有礼貌地;happily快乐地;lonely孤独的;lovely可爱的。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词,作表语,根据“when she wears her favourite blue scarf with her coat”可知,此处形容穿着打扮,应是指可爱的。故选D。
4.(2025·上海青浦·二模)The neighbour ________ watered my plants in my garden while I was on vacation.
A.lonely B.friendly C.lovely D.kindly
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我度假时,邻居好心地给我花园里的植物浇水。
考查副词用法。lonely孤独的,寂寞的;friendly友好的;lovely可爱的;kindly友好地,副词。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词“watered”,指邻居好心地给我花园里的植物浇水。故选D。
5.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)On a snowy night, the snow fell ________ on the quiet village.
A.lonely B.friendly C.softly D.lovely
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在一个雪夜,雪轻柔地落在宁静的村庄上。
考查副词的用法。lonely孤独的,形容词;friendly友好的,形容词;softly轻柔地,副词;lovely可爱的,形容词。根据“fell”可知,此处需要副词修饰动词,softly符合语境,fell softly表示“轻柔地落下”,故选C。
6.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The freshly baked bread smelt so _______ that all the customers wanted to have a taste.
A.badly B.awful C.nicely D.good
【答案】D
【详解】句意:刚烤好的面包闻起来很香,所有的顾客都想尝一尝。
考查形容词和副词辨析。badly严重地;awful可怕的;nicely漂亮地;good好的。smelt是smell的过去式,连系动词,后接形容词作表语,排除掉A和C;根据“ that all the customers wanted to have a taste.”可知,每个顾客都想尝尝,推测面包闻起来很香。故选D。
7.(2025·上海崇明·一模)The old tea cup in Sam’s hands was precious, so he was very ________ not to drop it.
A.care B.careful C.careless D.carefully
【答案】B
【详解】句意:萨姆手里的旧茶杯很珍贵,所以他非常小心,没有把它掉下来。
考查形容词的用法和形容词辨析。care关心,动词;careful小心的,形容词;careless粗心地,形容词;carefully小心地,副词。此处作be动词的表语用形容词;根据“The old tea cup in Sam’s hands was precious”可知旧茶杯很珍贵,所以他很小心。故选B。
8.(2025·上海静安·一模)Our classmate Ken seems ________ to everyone he meets.
A.gently B.happily C.politely D.friendly
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们的同学Ken看起来对他遇到的每个人都友好。
考查副词和形容词辨析。gently温柔地,副词;happily高兴地,副词;politely礼貌地,副词;friendly友好的,形容词。seem是系动词,后接形容词作表语。故选D。
9.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)That tech company always develops amazing new products to keep customers ________.
A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.excitement
【答案】C
【详解】句意:那家科技公司总是开发出令人惊叹的新产品,让顾客兴奋不已。
考查形容词作宾补。excite使兴奋,动词;exciting令人兴奋的,形容词,修饰物;excited感到兴奋的,形容词,修饰人;excitement兴奋,名词。根据“keep customers”可知,此处应指让顾客感到兴奋,因此应用形容词excited作宾语补足语。故选C。
10.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)Your balance on your feet can show how ________ you are to live a longer, healthier life.
A.quickly B.happily C.likely D.beautifully
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你用脚站立的平衡力可以表明你有多可能活得更健康、长寿。
考查副词词义辨析。quickly迅速地;happily快乐地;likely可能地;beautifully美丽地。分析语境“你有多……活得更长更健康”,选项中只有“likely”符合语境,且“how likely you are to do sth.”语法正确。故选C。
11.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)After the reminder, the little girl asked for dessert ________ this time—with a ‘please’ and a smile!
A.more possibly B.more patiently C.more proudly D.more politely
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在提醒之后,小女孩这次更礼貌地要了甜点——带着“请”和微笑!
考查副词辨析。more possibly更可能;more patiently更有耐心地;more proudly更骄傲地;more politely更礼貌地。根据“with a ‘please’ and a smile”可知,小女孩用更礼貌的方式请求。故选D。
12.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)Because of the sudden rainstorm, we decided to have the outdoor event indoors ________.
A.as well B.instead C.yet D.anyway
【答案】B
【详解】句意:由于突如其来的暴雨,我们决定将户外活动改在室内举行。
考查副词辨析。as well也;instead代替/反而;yet然而;anyway无论如何。根据“Because of the sudden rainstorm”可知暴雨导致活动地点从室外改为室内,需填入表示“代替”含义的词,强调替代关系。故选B。
13.(2025·上海静安·二模)Charlie always feels ________ during breaks because he has no friends in the new school.
A.lonely B.angrily C.sadly D.unfortunately
【答案】A
【详解】句意:查理在课间总是感到孤独,因为他在新学校没有朋友。
考查形容词的用法。lonely形容词,孤独的;angrily副词,生气地;sadly副词,难过地;unfortunately副词,不幸地。空格位于系动词“feels”之后,需填入形容词作表语,以及“没有朋友”导致的情绪,孤独最贴切。故选A。
14.(2025·上海虹口·三模)When we finally climbed to the top of the mountain, the view was even ______ than we expected.
A.amazing B.more amazing C.most amazing D.the most amazing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:当我们最终爬到山顶时,景色比我们预料到的更令人惊叹。
考查形容词比较级。amazing令人惊叹的,原级;more amazing更令人惊叹的,比较级;most amazing最令人惊叹的,最高级;the most amazing最令人惊叹的,最高级。根据空后得“than”可知,此处要用比较级形式。故选B。
15.(2025·上海金山·三模)The cake will have a much ________ taste if the baker can make it a little softer.
A.good B.better C.well D.the best
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如果面包师能把蛋糕做得更软一点,它的味道会好得多。
考查形容词比较级。根据“The cake will have a much…taste if the baker can make it a little softer.”可知,此处表示“把蛋糕做得更软一点,它的味道会好得多”,句中“much”修饰形容词比较级, better是good的比较级,符合语境。故选B。
16.(2025·上海闵行·三模)________ the patient gets treatment, the better his chance is.
A.Early B.Earlier C.The earlier D.The earliest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:患者越早接受治疗,机会就越大。
考查the+比较级,the+比较级。Early早,原级;Earlier更早,比较级;The earlier越早,the+比较级;The earliest最早,最高级。根据“...the patient gets treatment, the better his chance is.”可知,为“the+比较级+主谓,the+比较级+主谓”,表示“越……,就越……”。故选C。
17.(2025·上海闵行·三模)The novel attracts the teenagers a lot and keeps them ________ for days.
A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excitement
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这部小说吸引了很多青少年,让他们兴奋了好几天。
考查词义辨析和形容词作宾语补足语。excited形容词,兴奋的;exciting形容词,令人兴奋的;excite动词,使兴奋;excitement名词,兴奋。keep sb+adj“使某人……”,此处修饰人,用形容词excited作宾语补足语。故选A。
18.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)China has taken the lead in wind power and is now ________ producer in the world.
A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国在风力发电方面处于领先地位,现在是世界上最大的生产国。
考查形容词最高级。large大的;larger更大的;largest最大的。形容词最高级前通常要加定冠词the 。此处表示“世界上最大的”,是在世界范围内进行比较,故选D。
19.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)The GPS gave ________ directions. We got to the remote village without a single wrong turn.
A.attractive B.attractively C.accurate D.accurately
【答案】C
【详解】句意:全球定位系统给出了准确的方向。我们没有拐错一个弯就到达了那个偏僻的村庄。
考查形容词的用法。attractive有吸引力的,形容词;attractively动人地,副词;accurate准确的,形容词;accurately准确地,副词。根据“The GPS gave…directions”可知,此处是说全球定位系统给出了准确的方向,修饰名词“directions”,用形容词“accurate”。故选C。
20.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)Playing games can make events like parties and social gatherings ________ for shy people.
A.ease B.easily C.easier D.more easily
【答案】C
【详解】句意:玩游戏可以让聚会和社交活动对害羞的人来说更容易。
考查形容词比较级。ease容易;easily容易地;easier更容易的;more easily更容易地。根据题干可知,空格处需填入形容词比较级形式,修饰名词“events”,作宾补,表示“更容易的”。故选C。
21.(2025·上海崇明·二模)The background music of the movie sounds so ________ that the audience began to cheer.
A.excite B.excitement C.exciting D.excitedly
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这部电影的背景音乐听起来如此激动人心,以至于观众们开始欢呼起来。
考查形容词作表语。excite使兴奋,动词;excitement兴奋,名词;exciting令人兴奋的,形容词;excitedly兴奋地,副词。根据“The background music of the movie sounds so...that the audience began to cheer.”可知,此处应用形容词作表语。故选C。
22.(2025·上海崇明·二模)Hey Sam! Your smile seems even ________ than I remembered from our last get-together!
A.bright B.brighter C.brightest D.the brightest
【答案】B
【详解】句意:嘿,山姆!你的笑容似乎比我上次聚会时记得的还要灿烂!
考查形容词比较级。bright灿烂的,形容词原级;brighter更灿烂的,比较级;brightest最灿烂的,最高级;the brightest最灿烂的。根据even和than可知,此处要用比较级,故选B。
23.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)Among all the stories she told, the one about her childhood was ________.
A.funny B.funnier C.funniest D.the funniest
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在她讲的所有故事中,关于她童年的那个故事是最有趣的。
考查形容词最高级的用法。funny有趣的;funnier更有趣的;funniest最有趣的;the funniest最有趣的。根据“Among all the stories”可知,这里是在所有故事中进行比较,应该使用最高级形式,且最高级前要加定冠词the,故选D。
24.(2025·上海青浦·二模)The more time you spend outdoors, the ________ your body and mind will feel.
A.healthy B.healthier C.healthiest D.less healthy
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你花在户外的时间越多,你的身心就会感觉越健康。
考查比较级的用法。“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,越……”。healthy健康的,原级;healthier更健康的,比较级;healthiest最健康的,最高级;less healthy更不健康的,比较级。根据“The more time you spend outdoors”和常识可知,花在户外的时间越多,身心应该是越健康,所以用healthier。故选B。
25.(2025·上海闵行·二模)Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks ________ in the pink dress.
A.lovely B.quietly C.happily D.beautifully
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这是你女儿的照片吗?她穿这件粉色的连衣裙真可爱。
考查形容词用法。lovely可爱的,形容词;quietly安静地,副词;happily高兴地,副词;beautifully美丽地,副词。根据“looks”可知,look是系动词,后接形容词作表语,构成“主系表”结构。故选A。
26.(2025·上海宝山·二模)Your idea on this project sounds ________, but it still needs to be discussed later.
A.perfectly B.interesting C.well D.clearly
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你关于这个项目的想法听起来很有趣,但仍需稍后讨论。
考查形容词作表语。perfectly完美地,副词;interesting有趣的,形容词;well好,副词;clearly清晰地,副词。sound“听起来”,感官系动词,后加形容词作表语,此处表示“你关于这个项目的想法听起来很有趣”,符合句意。故选B。
27.(2025·上海长宁·二模)Studying in “Seniors College” makes the old feel much ________ and less lonely as well.
A.youngest B.young C.younger D.the youngest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在“老年大学”学习让老年人感觉更年轻,也更不孤独。
考查比较级。根据“feel much ... and less lonely as well.”可知,much修饰比较级,因此空处用比较级younger“更年轻的”,作表语。故选C。
28.(2025·上海长宁·二模)To keep her daughter ________ in reading, Laura often reads bedtime stories to her.
A.interesting B.interested C.interest D.interests
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了让女儿对阅读感兴趣,劳拉经常给她读睡前故事。
考查词汇辨析。interesting有趣的;interested感兴趣的;interest兴趣,使感兴趣;interests兴趣。“keep sb.+形容词”表示“使某人保持某种状态”,宾语为指人的“her daughter”,应用interested。故选B。
29.(2025·上海金山·二模)Kevin’s fans all agree that he is ________ players they’ve ever seen.
A.powerful B.more powerful C.the most powerful D.one of the most powerful
【答案】D
【详解】句意:凯文的粉丝们都认为他是他们见过的最强大的球员之一。
考查形容词最高级的用法。根据“they’ve ever seen”可知,此处暗含比较范围,需用最高级结构。根据“players”可知,此处用到“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构,表示“最……的……之一”。故选D。
30.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)Harbin Ice-Snow World, the world’s ________ ice-and-snow theme park, is known for its winter wonderland experiences for tourists of all ages.
A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest
【答案】C
【详解】句意:哈尔滨冰雪大世界是世界上最大的冰雪主题公园,以其为各年龄段游客提供的冬季仙境体验而闻名。
考查形容词最高级的用法。“the world’s”表示范围“在世界上”,某个范围内进行比较要用最高级,此句名词前已有定冠词the,因此此处用largest。故选C。
31.(2025·上海虹口·一模)The junior assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints ________.
A.friendly B.politely
C.lovely D.lonely
【答案】B
【详解】句意:初级助理经过培训,能够礼貌地处理客户投诉。
考查副词的用法。friendly友好的;politely礼貌地;lovely可爱的;lonely孤独的。此处修饰动词短语deal with,用副词politely。故选B。
32.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)The judges all agreed that Ann spoke of all the students in the debate.
A.confidently B.more confidently C.very confidently D.most confidently
【答案】D
【详解】句意:所有评委都同意Ann在辩论中说得最自信。
考查副词最高级。根据空前的“of all the students”可知,这里表示在所有学生中程度最高,需用副词“confidently”的最高级形式“most confidently”。故选D。
33.(25-26九年级上·上海闵行·阶段练习)The pizza is so big. We have had one-third of it. The rest ________ for you.
A.are B.was C.is D.were
【答案】C
【详解】句意:这个披萨很大。我们已经吃了三分之一。剩下的留给你。
考查be动词。根据“The pizza is so big. We have had one-third of it.”可知,此处说的是剩下的披萨,“the rest”指代的是剩下的披萨,是不可数名词,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;且根据语境可知,此处描述的是现在的状态,应该用一般现在时,所以用is。故选C。
34.(24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中)The manager looks _________. Let’s ask him for help.
A.faithfully B.patiently C.gently D.friendly
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个经理看起来很友好。让我们向他求助吧。
考查系动词用法。faithfully忠诚地,副词;patiently耐心地,副词;gently轻轻地,副词;friendly亲切的,形容词。根据“looks”可知,look为系动词,其后的表语通常用形容词。故选D。
35.(23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中)The roast beef tastes so __________. May I have one more piece, mum?
A.well B.softly C.delicious D.terrible
【答案】C
【详解】句意:烤牛肉尝起来真好吃。妈妈,我可以再吃一块吗?
考查词义辨析。well好地,副词;softly轻声地;delicious美味的;terrible糟糕的。taste是感官动词,后接形容词,排除A和B选项。根据“May I have one more piece”可知,还想再要一块,说明牛肉好吃,故选C。
36.(2025·上海虹口·三模)According to the notice, visitors ______ take photos in this work area.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.oughtn’t D.couldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:根据通知,访客禁止在这个工作区拍照。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止,常用于规章制度;needn’t不必,表示没有必要;oughtn’t不应该,表示道义上的不恰当;couldn’t不能,表示能力或可能性上的无法做到。根据“According to the notice”可知,此处是“通知”,提示这是正式禁令。故选A。
37.(2025·上海闵行·三模)You ________ to do enough exercise and have good eating habits to keep healthy.
A.may B.must C.ought D.should
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你应该做足够的运动,有良好的饮食习惯来保持健康。
考查动词辨析。may也许;must必须;ought与to搭配,表示“应该”;should应该。根据“You ... to do enough exercise”可知,此处是ought to“应该”。故选C。
38.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)That restaurant ________ be very good. It’s always full of people.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
【答案】A
【详解】句意:那家餐馆一定非常好。它总是挤满了人。
考查情态动词辨析。must一定;should应该;can能够;need需要。根据“It’s always full of people.”可知,此处表示肯定的推测,即那家餐馆一定非常好,所以总是挤满了人,故选A。
39.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)He ________ interrupt the speaker during the presentation—It’s extremely rude.
A.won’t B.had better not C.needn’t D.don’t have to
【答案】B
【详解】句意: 他最好别在演讲时打断发言者——这非常不礼貌。
考查情态动词辨析。won’t不会,had better not最好别;needn’t不必;don’t have to不需要。根据“It’s extremely rude.”可知,此处需要强烈建议避免该行为,因为这种行为太粗鲁,had better not表示强烈的建议或警告,隐含“如果做了会有负面后果”;won’t表示将来不会做某事,或者拒绝做某事,这里的语境是建议或警告不要打断,而不是单纯陈述他不会这样做。故选B。
40.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)The campers avoided barbecues as they ________ cause fires and damage the forests.
A.might B.should C.must D.had to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:露营者避免烧烤,因为它们可能引发火灾并破坏森林。
考查情态动词。might可能,表示可能性;should应该,表义务或建议;must必须,表肯定推测或强制;had to不得不,表过去的必要性。根据“The campers avoided barbecues as they ... cause fires and damage the forests.”可知,烧烤可能引发火灾,强调可能性。故选A。
41.(2025·上海崇明·二模)All passengers ________ wear seat belts during take-off and landing.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:所有乘客在起飞和着陆时,都必须系安全带。
考查情态动词。can能够,可以;may可能;must必须;need需要。乘客系安全带是乘坐飞机的规定,因此应用情态动词must。故选C。
42.(2025·上海青浦·二模)This ________ be the right address. The building looks completely different.
A.can’t B.won’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这不可能是正确的地址。这栋建筑看起来完全不同。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不可能,表示否定的推测,语气较强;won’t不会,用于表示将来不会做某事;mustn’t禁止,不允许,表示绝对不可以做某事;shouldn’t不应该,表示建议或推测,语气相对较弱。根据“The building looks completely different.”可知,建筑看起来完全不同,因此判断这个地址不对,是一种有把握的否定推测,所以用can’t。故选A。
43.(2025·上海闵行·二模)According to the law, children under the age of 12 ________ ride bicycles in the city.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
【答案】C
【详解】句意:根据法律规定,12岁以下的儿童禁止在城市里骑自行车。
考查情态动词。needn’t不需要;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止;may not不可以。根据“According to the law, children under the age of 12 ... ride bicycles in the city.”可知,此处强调法律明令禁止12岁以下儿童在城市骑自行车。故选C。
44.(2025·上海长宁·二模)Mary will need a translator when she visits Spain. She ________ speak a single Spanish word.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.oughtn’t to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Mary访问西班牙时需要一名翻译。她一个西班牙语单词都不会说。
考查情态动词。mustn’t不得,表示禁止;shouldn’t不应该,常用于提建议;can’t不会;oughtn’t to不该。根据“She...speak a single Spanish word.”可知,她一个西班牙单词也不会说,指她没有这个能力。故选C。
45.(2025·上海静安·二模)We ________ hurry! Our flight has been cancelled because of the storm.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们不必着急了!因为暴风雨,我们的航班被取消了。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必,不需要。根据“Our flight has been cancelled because of the storm.”可知,航班因为暴雨取消,因此不必、不需要着急,needn’t符合语境。故选D。
46.(2025·上海金山·二模)—Thank you for waiting. How ________ I help you?
—Um. I find there’s a problem with my Internet connection.
A.must B.ought to C.can D.would
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——感谢您的等待。我能如何帮助您?——嗯,我发现我的网络连接有问题。
考查情态动词的用法。must必须;ought to应该;can能够;would愿意。根据“I find there’s a problem with my Internet connection.”可知,此处是客服主动提供帮助的常见表达,强调能力,用can。故选C。
47.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)—Must I hand in the presentation for the English Festival today?
—No, you ________. The deadline has been put off to next Monday.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我今天必须交英语节的展示报告吗?——不,你不必。截止日期已经推迟到下周一了。
考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止。以“Must”开头的一般疑问句,其否定回答用“needn’t” 或 “don’t have to”,表示“不必”。故选A。
48.(2025·上海虹口·二模)We understand the conclusion perfectly. You ________ give us a further explanation.
A.can’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我们完全理解这个结论。你不必再给我们解释了。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;may not也许不;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必。根据“We understand the conclusion perfectly.”可知,是不必要再给我们解释了。故选D。
49.(2025·上海松江·二模)You ________ keep your voice down in the library.
A.need B.will C.ought D.should
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在图书馆里你应该小声说话。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要,作情态动词时,常用于否定句或疑问句,后接动词原形;will将,会,常用于表示将来时态或意愿;ought应该,后需接to再接动词原形,即ought to do sth.,表示“应该做某事”,但此选项中缺少to,所以不符合语法规则;should应该,后直接接动词原形,表示“应该做某事”。根据语境可知,此处是在表达在图书馆里应该小声说话的规则或建议,所以应该用should。故选D。
50.(2025·上海普陀·二模)We ______ keep a distance from the wild elephants because they may attack.
A.can B.need C.must D.may
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们必须与野生大象保持距离,因为它们可能会攻击。
考查情态动词辨析。can能够;need需要;must必须;may可能。根据“because they may attack.”可知,此处强调出于安全考虑必须保持距离,用must。故选C。
51.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)Anna is a smart girl, and she ________ speak three languages fluently now.
A.must B.need C.may D.can
【答案】D
【详解】句意:Anna是个聪明的女孩,她现在能流利地说三种语言。
考查情态动词。must“必须”;need“需要”;may“可能”;can“能够”。根据“Anna is a smart girl”及“speak three languages fluently”可知,强调“有能力说三种语言”,故选D。
52.(2025·上海杨浦·二模)With developments in AI, robots ______ perform tasks that were once thought to be impossible.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:随着人工智能的发展,机器人能够完成曾经被认为不可能的任务。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;should应该;can能够;need需要。根据“robots...perform tasks that were once thought to be impossible”以及结合选项可知,随着AI发展,机器人能够执行曾经完成不了的任务了,此处应用can“能够”。故选C。
53.(2025·上海闵行·一模)The restaurant is always crowded with people. The food there ________ be very delicious.
A.must B.should C.need D.would
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这家餐馆总是挤满了人。那里的食物一定很好吃。
考查情态动词。must一定;should应该;need需要;would将会。根据“The restaurant is always crowded with people.”可知,挤满了人,说明餐馆的食物一定很美味,应该使用must be“一定是”,故选A。
54.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)You ________ worry about how to solve the problem. I will always be on your side.
A.may not B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你不必担心如何解决这个问题。我永远在你身边。
考查情态动词。may not可能不;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;needn’t不必,不需要。根据“I will always be on your side.”可知,说话人会帮助对方,所以安慰对方不必担心。故选D。
55.(2025·上海崇明·一模)—Dad, I’ll take the dog for a walk this afternoon. You ________ do it yourself.
—Thanks, Alisa. You’re a real help.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,今天下午我要带狗去散步。你不必自己做。——谢谢,艾丽莎。你真是帮了大忙。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据“I’ll take the dog for a walk this afternoon. You…do it yourself.”可知,Alisa要带狗去散步,所以爸爸不必自己去。故选B。
56.(2025·上海金山·一模)—May I hand in the plan of the project tomorrow?
—Yes, of course. You ________ give it to me today.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我明天可以提交项目计划吗?——是的,当然。你今天不必给我。
考查情态动词。shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能。根据“May I hand in the plan of the project tomorrow?”以及“Yes, of course.”可知,此处指允许对方明天提交项目计划,即对方今天不必给自己,B项符合。故选B。
57.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Lisa always feels ________ when she has finished all her work.
A.pleasure B.please C.pleasantly D.pleased
【答案】D
【详解】句意:丽莎完成所有工作后总是感到高兴。
考查形容词作表语。pleasure快乐,名词;please使快乐,动词;pleasantly愉快地,副词;pleased高兴的,形容词。感官动词feel后用形容词作表语。故选D。
58.(2024·上海浦东新·模拟预测)The idea of eating in that big restaurant _______.
A.tastes wonderful B.tastes wonderfully
C.sounds wonderful D.sounds wonderfully
【答案】C
【详解】句意:在那家大餐厅吃饭的想法听起来很棒。
考查系动词辨析及用法。sound听起来;taste尝起来。系动词后接形容词作表语,所以B和D选项错误;根据“The idea”可知,想法是听起来极好的,故选C。
59.(2024·上海崇明·二模)Being outside on a sunny day with your friends can always make you feel _________.
A.happiness B.more happily C.happily D.happy
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在阳光明媚的日子里和朋友外出总是能让你感到快乐。
考查感官动词用法。happiness快乐,名词;more happily副词比较级;happily副词;happy形容词。设空处位于感官动词feel后,应选填形容词作表语。故选D
60.(22-23九年级下·上海闵行·期中)The plan for the 14th birthday celebration in the hall sounds ________.
A.greatly B.wonderfully C.kindly D.lovely
【答案】D
【详解】句意:在大厅里庆祝14岁生日的计划听起来不错。
考查词汇辨析。greatly非常地,极大地;wonderfully很好地;kindly亲切地,温和地,仁慈地;lovely可爱的,迷人的;令人愉快的,美好的。sounds是感官系动词,其后应跟形容词作表语,四个选项只有D是形容词,其它三项都是副词。故选D。
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专题03 形容词、副词、系动词、情态动词(核心考点精讲精练)
复习目标
形容词修饰名词,在句中做定语 表语及宾补。副词修饰动词及整个句子,作状语。中考主要考查形容词做表语,构成系表结构,尤其注意感官系动词+形容词的结构。另外,需注意形容词副词的三级比较及变化。在近年的考试中,对系动词的考查,重心放在系动词+形容词做表语上。词汇辨异主要考查单词意义的辨识,用法上的辨异,语境应用。情态动词是一种特殊的动词形式,表达一种情态,如可能性、必要性、建议、请求等。考题侧重基本用法。另外,要注意情态动词的综合运用及特殊用法。
【思维导图】
考点概览
(一)形容词、副词
考点
考向
考法/命题角度
形容词/副词
1比较级和最高级变化,注意不规则变化
2修饰比较级的词:much, a little, a bit,far, even, still
3原级比较级最高级几个特殊句型:as…….as用于肯定句/否定句 so…..as 只能用于否定句
4 –ing 表示令人 --ed表示感到
5.形容词与介词搭配的高频词组
1. 感官动词+ adj.
e.g. Keep our classroom clean; look sad
2. 常用形容词和副词的辨析,以ly结尾仍然是形容词:likely, lovely, lonely, lively, friendly
3. 不去e的adj: changeable;去e的adj. truly, argument
4 one of +最高级+名词复数。
系动词+形容词
1.作系动词,感官动词+adj.,作表语,说明主语所处的状态。
2.感官动词+介词like+名词(如:look like…)
3.taste, smell作不及物动词(vi.)时,用于"taste/smell+of+名词”结构,意为“有……味道/气味”。
4.look\ sound\ feel可构成"look/sound/feel+ as if+从句"结构, 意为“看起来/听起来/感觉好像……”。
1. 在近年的考试中,对系动词的考查,重心放在系动词+形容词做表语上。此外,有时候考查系动词词义辨析。
2. 也需要注意一些固定搭配。如:
The air in the room smells of earth.
房间里的空气有股泥土味。
It looks as if our class is going to win.
看来我们班好像要获胜了。
比较级别:
1. 用原形的信号词: as…as, not as/so…as,倍数+ as … as , etc.
2. 用比较级的信号词:than, of the two, A or B,
3. 用最高级的信号词:of the three, of all, in the class
4. 隐形比较级:
5. 降级比较
6. 无比较级的形容词:prefer
1. My bedroom is 3 times as big as yours.
2.Your room is _______ than mine.
A. three time big B. three times big
C. three times bigger D. bigger three times
3. I like the older one of the two books.
4. Which is stronger, Li Lei or Wu Tong?
5. English is one of the most important languages spoken in the world.
6.Work hard and you will make more progress
7. Do sth for your school and it will become better.
特殊动词+形容词:
1.感官动词: look sad, sound nice, taste good
2.变化类系动词:come, become, turn, get, grow
3.不变化类系动词: keep , stay, remain
1. These oranges taste_______.
A. good B. well C. to be good D. to be well
2. —You look_________.
— Yes, I've just returned from the_________ holiday I've ever had.
A. good, best B. well, good C. better, good
不定代词+形容词: something, anything, nothing, somebody, anybody, nobody, etc.
—Mum, Bill is coming to dinner this evening.
—OK. Let’s give him something different to eat.
词尾为-ly的形容词
1. friendly, fatherly, brotherly
2. daily, weekly, monthly, yearly
3. lovely, lively, likely
常见形容词后缀
-al:natural national, -ive:active creative, -ful:careful forgetful,
-able: changeable, unforgettable, -ar:popular,regular
-ous: dangerous,serious, various,
动词转化为形容词:
1.moved-moving, excited-exciting, interested-interesting, surprised-surprising, disappointed-disappointing, etc.
2. 人是-ed, 物是-ing
We have never heard such an _________ speech. We are very________.
A. exciting, exciting B. exciting, excited
C. excited, exciting D. excited, excited
enough 的用法
1. There is enough food for us this week.
2. I'm not ________ to lift the heavy box.
A. short enough B. enough tall
C. health enough D. strong enough
3. The goal-keeper acted_________ to catch the ball.
A. enough quickly B. so quickly
C. quickly enough D. such quickly
表语形容词:well,unwell,ill,faint, afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, etc.
The ______ person is talking with the doctor.
A. ill B. sick C. illness D. sickness
形容词、副词特别结构:
more and more ,the more…the more
1. When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
2. The more he read the book,the moreinterested he was in it.
比较级前可有状语修饰:much, a bit
1. Mary and Alice are of the same age, but Mary is ___ than Alice.
A. more taller B. much tall
C. a little more taller D. much taller
形容词、副词同形:
hard, late, high, deep, enough, early, etc.
1. He is always one of the early comers.
2. He always comes early to school to clean his classroom.
(二)系动词
考点类别
具体规则
示例
be 动词的基本用法
1. 根据主语人称和数变化,常见形式有 am, is, are(现在时);was, were(过去时)2. 主语为第一人称单数(I)时,现在时用 am,过去时用 was3. 主语为第三人称单数(he/she/it/ 单数名词 / 不可数名词等)时,现在时用 is,过去时用 was4. 主语为第二人称(you)、第一人称复数(we)、第三人称复数(they / 复数名词等)时,现在时用 are,过去时用 were
1. I am a middle school student.(我是一名中学生。)I was at home yesterday.(昨天我在家。)2. He is a doctor.(他是一名医生。)The book was on the desk just now.(这本书刚才在桌子上。)3. You are my good friend.(你是我的好朋友。)They were in the park last Sunday.(上周日他们在公园。)4. Water is important for us.(水对我们很重要。)The news was exciting.(这个消息很令人兴奋。)
表 “变化” 类系动词
1. 常见此类系动词:become(变得)、get(变得)、turn(变得,常接颜色 / 性质变化)、grow(逐渐变得)2. 后接形容词作表语,不接副词;部分动词可接名词(如 become)
1. The weather gets cold in autumn.(秋天天气变冷。)She became a teacher after graduation.(她毕业后成为了一名老师。)2. The leaves turn yellow in October.(十月树叶变黄。)He grows more and more confident.(他变得越来越自信。)
表 “感官” 类系动词
1. 常见此类系动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来 / 感觉)2. 后接形容词作表语,不接副词;不可用于被动语态
1. The flowers look beautiful.(这些花看起来很漂亮。)The music sounds nice.(这段音乐听起来很悦耳。)2. The cake smells delicious.(这个蛋糕闻起来很香。)The soup tastes salty.(这汤尝起来有点咸。)3. The cloth feels soft.(这块布摸起来很软。)I feel happy today.(我今天感觉很开心。)
表 “保持” 类系动词
1. 常见此类系动词:keep(保持)、stay(保持)、remain(保持 / 仍然是)2. 后接形容词作表语,强调状态的持续
1. You should keep quiet in the library.(在图书馆你应该保持安静。)The room stays clean all the time.(这个房间一直保持干净。)2. He remains silent after hearing the news.(听到这个消息后,他仍然保持沉默。)The door remains open.(门仍然开着。)
系动词与实义动词的区分
1. 系动词后接形容词作表语,实义动词后接副词作状语2. 部分动词(如 look, smell, feel 等)可作系动词也可作实义动词,需根据语境判断:表 “感官印象” 时为系动词,表 “具体动作” 时为实义动词
1. He looks happy.(他看起来很高兴。)——look 为系动词,后接形容词 happyHe looks carefully at the picture.(他仔细地看着这幅画。)——look 为实义动词,后接副词 carefully2. The dish smells good.(这道菜闻起来很香。)——smell 为系动词She smells the flowers.(她闻了闻这些花。)——smell 为实义动词
系动词的时态变化
1. 除 be 动词有完整的时态变化外,其他系动词(如 become, get, look 等)时态变化遵循规则动词变化(一般现在时第三人称单数加 - s/es,过去时加 - ed 等)2. 常见时态:一般现在时、一般过去时
1. He becomes more outgoing now.(现在他变得更外向了。)—— 一般现在时第三人称单数He became more outgoing last year.(去年他变得更外向了。)—— 一般过去时2. The food tastes good every time.(这食物每次尝起来都很好。)—— 一般现在时The food tasted good yesterday.(昨天这食物尝起来很好。)—— 一般过去时
(三)情态动词
情态动词
基本用法
例句
can/
could
1、表示能力,可译为“能,会”。
2、表示允许、许可,常用在口语中。could比can语气上要客气。
3、表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度,主要用于否定句和疑问句中。
4、can’t... too… /can’t… enough 再…也不为过。
The cinema can seat 1,000 people.
Could/ Can you tell me how to get to the zoo?
How can you be so careless?
You can’t be too careful when driving.
may/
might
在口语中可用can, could代替may,但在正式场合用may。表示允许时,也可用might代替,might不表示过去时,而是表示口气比较婉转。
1、表示请求、许可,常译为“可以”。
2、用于祈使句表示祝愿。
May/Can /Could/ Might I have a talk with you?
May you succeed!
must/
have to
1、must表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,强调主观看法,可译为“必须,应该”。
2、have to表示因客观需要促使主语不得不做某事。
3、mustn’t表示“禁止”;don’t have to意思是“没有必要”= don’t need to。
4、must可用来表示根据逻辑推理必然要发生的事,可译为“必然会,总是会”。
5、must有时可用来表示“偏偏”的意思。
Everyone must obey the rule.
My eyesight is very poor. I have to wear glasses for reading.
You must keep it a secret. You mustn’t tell anyone.
You don’t have to tell me the secret.
Truth must be out.
When I was taking a nap, a student must knock at the door.
must
肯定回答:Yes, ...must.
否定回答:No,...needn’t / don’t have to.
shall
1、表示征询意见或请求指示,用于一、三人称疑问句。
2、表示说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、威胁、决心”等意思,用于第二、三人称陈述句中。
3、表示强制,用于法令、条约、规章中,意为“必须,应该”。
Shall they wait outside?
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. (警告)
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan.(决心)
The interest shall be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides.
should
1、表示义务,意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)。
2、常与what, how, why等词连用,表示意外、惊讶等情绪。
3、表示对过去、现在或将来情况的某种推测,可译为“可能、照说应该”。
4、表惊讶、忧虑、惋惜等,意为“竟然”。
One shouldn’t be selfish.
How should I know?
He should be taking a bath now.
It’s a pity that you should be so careless.
ought to
1、表示义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务而该做),口气比should稍重。
2、表示推测,暗含很大的可能,可译为“应该是,会是”。
We ought to defend our country.
Prices ought to come down soon.
will
1、表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
2、表请求,用于疑问句。
3、表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
I will do anything for you.
Will you close the window? It’s a bit
cold.
The door won’t open.
would
1、表意愿。
2、表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。
3、表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed.
Would you like another glass of beer?
Every time she was in trouble, she
would go to him for help.
used to
1、表示过去的习惯或过去某时期的状况,但现在已不存在。
2、否定:usedn’t to/didn’t use to。
区别:
used to表示过去习惯动作或状态,强调“现已无此习惯了”,而would只表示过去的习惯动作,与现在无关,往往要带有一个特定的时间状语。
He used to drink tea but now he drinks coffee.
I usedn’t to go there./ I didn’t use to go there.
Did you use to/Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
We used to play hide-and-seek in the fields.
Whenever we were in the country, we would play hide-and-seek in the fields.
need
1、作情态动词:
need表示“需要”或“必须”,仅用于否定句或疑问句中,在肯定句中一般用 must,have to,ought to,或 should代替。
否定:needn’t do
2、作实义动词:
后面接不定式(to do),有人称、数和时态的变化。
肯定:need to do 否定:don’t need to do
You needn’t come so early.
He needs to finish it this evening.
He doesn’t need to finish it this evening.
dare
1、作情态动词:
主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中,一般不用于肯定句。
2、作实义动词:
在肯定句中,dare后面通常接带 to的不定式;而在否定和疑问句中,dare后面的不定式可以不带to。
肯定:dare to do 否定:don’t dare (to) do
—He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
—Yes, he dare./No, he daren’t.
How dare you say I’m unfair?
If you dare come here, I will come to meet you.
考题透视
►考向一 形容词副词
【真题链接】
1.(2023·上海中考真题) It's much _________ today. You needn't have your coat on.
A) warm B) warmer C)warmest D) the warmest
2. (2023·上海中考真题)Joyce felt ____________ when she won the first prize for handwriting.
A) please B) pleased C) pleasure D) pleasantly
3.(2022·上海中考真题)This detective story is ______ than the one I read last night.
A. attractive B. more attractive C. most attractive D. the most attractive
4.(2022·上海中考真题) These strawberries look _______. I’d like to buy some for my father.
A. happily B. lovely C. softly D. properly
5.(2021·上海·中考真题)Yuan Longping is recognized as one of ________ agricultural scientists in the world.
A.great B.greater C.greatest D.the greatest
6.(2021·上海·中考真题)Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you?
A.lovely B.softly C.politely D.beautifully
7.(2020·上海·中考真题)Balanced diets are just as________as regular exercise in our daily life.
A.important B.more important
C.most important D.the most important
8.(2016·上海·中考真题)The manager sounded____ on the phone.He offered to show us around the company.
A.softly B.friendly C.gently D.seriously
9.(2019·上海·中考真题)David's responses were than anyone else's and he won the competition.
A.quick B.quicker C.quickest D.the quickest
10.(2019·上海·中考真题)The climbers made a fire during the night in order to be in the mountain.
A.safe B.safely C.save D.safety
11.(2018·上海·中考真题)The bridge between the two islands is _______ one in Shanghai.
A.long B.longer C.longest D.the longest
12.(2018·上海·中考真题)Old Mr. Green doesn't feel_____because some students visit him regularly.
A.sadly B.gently C.lonely D.angrily
13.(2017·上海·中考真题)Nowadays people wish to have ____ food than before as their life improves.
A.healthy B.healthier C.healthiest D.the healthiest
14.(2016·上海·中考真题)This temple is one of _______ buildings in the town. We must take action to protect it.
A.old B.older C.oldest D.the oldest
15.(2012·上海·中考真题)The baby feels _________ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A.save B.safe C.safely D.safety
16.(2015·上海·中考真题) Alex did the project on community service ______ better than his classmates.
A.so B.very C.too D.much
17.(2017·上海·中考真题)Alex believes he will soon be able to play chess as __________ as the computer.
A.well B.better C.best D.the best
►考向二 系动词辨析
高频易混易错梳理/归纳
通常我们把系动词分为六大类:在主系表结构的英文句子中,系动词(也叫连系动词) 作用就好像一条纽带,把主语和表语系在一起。表语的作用是描述主语的“样子”,常由形容词来担任,也可以是名词和介词短语。
1.状态系动词。be
2.感官系动词。感官系动词主要有: look. Hear/sound,.smell, taste,feel
3.变化系动词。变化系动词主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
4.持续系动词。主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
5.表象系动词。主要有seem, appear, look
6.终止系动词。主要有prove, turn out, 表达"证实","变成"之意
【真题链接】
1.(2023·上海中考真题)- Kitty, will you go to the flower show with me tomorrow?
- Thank you for asking, but I_________there already.
A) had been B) was C) have been D) will be
2. (2021·上海·统考中考真题)Your idea of a day on the beach sounds ________. Can I join you?
A.lovely B.softly C.politely D.beautifully
3. (2014·上海·中考真题)The traffic is moving very slowly as so many cars on their way back to Shanghai.
A.am B.is
C.are D.be
4. (2013·上海·中考真题)A lot of foreigners__________ familiar with the famous places of interest in China.
A.am B.is C.are D.be
5. (2022·上海·统考中考真题)These strawberries look _______. I’d like to buy some for my father.
A.happily B.lovely C.softly D.properly
6. (2018·上海·中考真题)Old Mr. Green doesn't feel_____because some students visit him regularly.
A.sadly B.gently C.lonely D.angrily
7. (2012·上海·中考真题)The baby feels _________ while his mother holds him in her arms.
A.save B.safe C.safely D.safety
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)According to the law, you _______ drive after drinking.
A) mustn't B) won't C) can't D) needn't
2.(2022·上海中考真题)—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May
3.(2021·上海中考真题)—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?
—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
4.(2020·上海中考真题)According to the traffic law,children under 12________ride bicycles on the road.
A.won't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't
5.(2019·上海中考真题)According to the rule,used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.
A.must B.need C.can D.may
6.(2018·上海中考真题)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
7.(2017·上海中考真题)—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?
A.Would B.May
C.Must D.Should
8.(2016·上海中考真题)A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.
A.ought B.need C.can D.must
9.(2015·上海中考真题)–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .
A.must B.may C.should D.need
10.(2014·上海中考真题)All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.could
11.(2013·上海中考真题)— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Dad?
— No,you__________,son.You’re free to make your own decision.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
12.(2012·上海中考真题)You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.
A.may B.need C.should D.ought to
►考向三 情态动词辨析
【真题链接】
1. (2023·上海中考真题)According to the law, you _______ drive after drinking.
A) mustn't B) won't C) can't D) needn't
2.(2022·上海中考真题)—_______ I use your glue? I’m making a kite.
—No problem. Here you are.
A.Should B.Need C.Must D.May
3.(2021·上海中考真题)—________ I have two tickets for the Chinese Farmers’ Painting Exhibition?
—Sorry. The tickets are sold out.
A.Must B.Need C.Should D.May
4.(2020·上海中考真题)According to the traffic law,children under 12________ride bicycles on the road.
A.won't B.wouldn't C.needn't D.mustn't
5.(2019·上海中考真题)According to the rule,used batteries be dropped in the red bin for harmful wastes.
A.must B.need C.can D.may
6.(2018·上海中考真题)-Must I do the project on my own?
-No, you____.You can work with your classmates.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
7.(2017·上海中考真题)—________ I park my car here for a while?
—No, you mustn't. Do you see the sign “NO PARKING”?
A.Would B.May
C.Must D.Should
8.(2016·上海中考真题)A good friend is someone you share your pleasure and pain with.
A.ought B.need C.can D.must
9.(2015·上海中考真题)–Mum, ______ I visit the Movie Museum tomorrow?
--I’m afraid you can’t . It is closed on Monday .
A.must B.may C.should D.need
10.(2014·上海中考真题)All passengers ______ go through safety check before they take a plane.
A.can B.may C.must D.could
11.(2013·上海中考真题)— Must I go to medical school and be a doctor like you,Dad?
— No,you__________,son.You’re free to make your own decision.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
12.(2012·上海中考真题)You _____ lose your way if you walk alone in the mountains at night.
A.may B.need C.should D.ought to
好题新题特训
1.(2025·上海虹口·三模)After hours of practice, Lily felt ______ with her progress in playing the piano.
A.satisfied B.satisfying C.satisfy D.satisfaction
2.(2025·上海金山·二模)After hearing the good thing Joe did, we felt very ________ because of our misunderstanding.
A.angry B.sorry C.proud D.fair
3.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)My sister looks ________ when she wears her favourite blue scarf with her coat.
A.politely B.happily C.lonely D.lovely
4.(2025·上海青浦·二模)The neighbour ________ watered my plants in my garden while I was on vacation.
A.lonely B.friendly C.lovely D.kindly
5.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)On a snowy night, the snow fell ________ on the quiet village.
A.lonely B.friendly C.softly D.lovely
6.(2025·上海浦东新·一模)The freshly baked bread smelt so _______ that all the customers wanted to have a taste.
A.badly B.awful C.nicely D.good
7.(2025·上海崇明·一模)The old tea cup in Sam’s hands was precious, so he was very ________ not to drop it.
A.care B.careful C.careless D.carefully
8.(2025·上海静安·一模)Our classmate Ken seems ________ to everyone he meets.
A.gently B.happily C.politely D.friendly
9.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)That tech company always develops amazing new products to keep customers ________.
A.excite B.exciting C.excited D.excitement
10.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)Your balance on your feet can show how ________ you are to live a longer, healthier life.
A.quickly B.happily C.likely D.beautifully
11.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)After the reminder, the little girl asked for dessert ________ this time—with a ‘please’ and a smile!
A.more possibly B.more patiently C.more proudly D.more politely
12.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)Because of the sudden rainstorm, we decided to have the outdoor event indoors ________.
A.as well B.instead C.yet D.anyway
13.(2025·上海静安·二模)Charlie always feels ________ during breaks because he has no friends in the new school.
A.lonely B.angrily C.sadly D.unfortunately
14.(2025·上海虹口·三模)When we finally climbed to the top of the mountain, the view was even ______ than we expected.
A.amazing B.more amazing C.most amazing D.the most amazing
15.(2025·上海金山·三模)The cake will have a much ________ taste if the baker can make it a little softer.
A.good B.better C.well D.the best
16.(2025·上海闵行·三模)________ the patient gets treatment, the better his chance is.
A.Early B.Earlier C.The earlier D.The earliest
17.(2025·上海闵行·三模)The novel attracts the teenagers a lot and keeps them ________ for days.
A.excited B.exciting C.excite D.excitement
18.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)China has taken the lead in wind power and is now ________ producer in the world.
A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest
19.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)The GPS gave ________ directions. We got to the remote village without a single wrong turn.
A.attractive B.attractively C.accurate D.accurately
20.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)Playing games can make events like parties and social gatherings ________ for shy people.
A.ease B.easily C.easier D.more easily
21.(2025·上海崇明·二模)The background music of the movie sounds so ________ that the audience began to cheer.
A.excite B.excitement C.exciting D.excitedly
22.(2025·上海崇明·二模)Hey Sam! Your smile seems even ________ than I remembered from our last get-together!
A.bright B.brighter C.brightest D.the brightest
23.(2025·上海浦东新·二模)Among all the stories she told, the one about her childhood was ________.
A.funny B.funnier C.funniest D.the funniest
24.(2025·上海青浦·二模)The more time you spend outdoors, the ________ your body and mind will feel.
A.healthy B.healthier C.healthiest D.less healthy
25.(2025·上海闵行·二模)Is this a photo of your daughter? She looks ________ in the pink dress.
A.lovely B.quietly C.happily D.beautifully
26.(2025·上海宝山·二模)Your idea on this project sounds ________, but it still needs to be discussed later.
A.perfectly B.interesting C.well D.clearly
27.(2025·上海长宁·二模)Studying in “Seniors College” makes the old feel much ________ and less lonely as well.
A.youngest B.young C.younger D.the youngest
28.(2025·上海长宁·二模)To keep her daughter ________ in reading, Laura often reads bedtime stories to her.
A.interesting B.interested C.interest D.interests
29.(2025·上海金山·二模)Kevin’s fans all agree that he is ________ players they’ve ever seen.
A.powerful B.more powerful C.the most powerful D.one of the most powerful
30.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)Harbin Ice-Snow World, the world’s ________ ice-and-snow theme park, is known for its winter wonderland experiences for tourists of all ages.
A.large B.larger C.largest D.the largest
31.(2025·上海虹口·一模)The junior assistants are trained to deal with customer complaints ________.
A.friendly B.politely
C.lovely D.lonely
32.(2025·上海徐汇·一模)The judges all agreed that Ann spoke of all the students in the debate.
A.confidently B.more confidently C.very confidently D.most confidently
33.(25-26九年级上·上海闵行·阶段练习)The pizza is so big. We have had one-third of it. The rest ________ for you.
A.are B.was C.is D.were
34.(24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中)The manager looks _________. Let’s ask him for help.
A.faithfully B.patiently C.gently D.friendly
35.(23-24九年级上·上海静安·期中)The roast beef tastes so __________. May I have one more piece, mum?
A.well B.softly C.delicious D.terrible
36.(2025·上海虹口·三模)According to the notice, visitors ______ take photos in this work area.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.oughtn’t D.couldn’t
37.(2025·上海闵行·三模)You ________ to do enough exercise and have good eating habits to keep healthy.
A.may B.must C.ought D.should
38.(2025·上海杨浦·三模)That restaurant ________ be very good. It’s always full of people.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
39.(2025·上海奉贤·二模)He ________ interrupt the speaker during the presentation—It’s extremely rude.
A.won’t B.had better not C.needn’t D.don’t have to
40.(2025·上海嘉定·二模)The campers avoided barbecues as they ________ cause fires and damage the forests.
A.might B.should C.must D.had to
41.(2025·上海崇明·二模)All passengers ________ wear seat belts during take-off and landing.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
42.(2025·上海青浦·二模)This ________ be the right address. The building looks completely different.
A.can’t B.won’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
43.(2025·上海闵行·二模)According to the law, children under the age of 12 ________ ride bicycles in the city.
A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.mustn’t D.may not
44.(2025·上海长宁·二模)Mary will need a translator when she visits Spain. She ________ speak a single Spanish word.
A.mustn’t B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.oughtn’t to
45.(2025·上海静安·二模)We ________ hurry! Our flight has been cancelled because of the storm.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
46.(2025·上海金山·二模)—Thank you for waiting. How ________ I help you?
—Um. I find there’s a problem with my Internet connection.
A.must B.ought to C.can D.would
47.(2025·上海徐汇·二模)—Must I hand in the presentation for the English Festival today?
—No, you ________. The deadline has been put off to next Monday.
A.needn’t B.can’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
48.(2025·上海虹口·二模)We understand the conclusion perfectly. You ________ give us a further explanation.
A.can’t B.may not C.mustn’t D.needn’t
49.(2025·上海松江·二模)You ________ keep your voice down in the library.
A.need B.will C.ought D.should
50.(2025·上海普陀·二模)We ______ keep a distance from the wild elephants because they may attack.
A.can B.need C.must D.may
51.(2025·上海黄浦·二模)Anna is a smart girl, and she ________ speak three languages fluently now.
A.must B.need C.may D.can
52.(2025·上海杨浦·二模)With developments in AI, robots ______ perform tasks that were once thought to be impossible.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
53.(2025·上海闵行·一模)The restaurant is always crowded with people. The food there ________ be very delicious.
A.must B.should C.need D.would
54.(2024·上海奉贤·一模)You ________ worry about how to solve the problem. I will always be on your side.
A.may not B.mustn’t C.can’t D.needn’t
55.(2025·上海崇明·一模)—Dad, I’ll take the dog for a walk this afternoon. You ________ do it yourself.
—Thanks, Alisa. You’re a real help.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
56.(2025·上海金山·一模)—May I hand in the plan of the project tomorrow?
—Yes, of course. You ________ give it to me today.
A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t
57.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Lisa always feels ________ when she has finished all her work.
A.pleasure B.please C.pleasantly D.pleased
58.(2024·上海浦东新·模拟预测)The idea of eating in that big restaurant _______.
A.tastes wonderful B.tastes wonderfully
C.sounds wonderful D.sounds wonderfully
59.(2024·上海崇明·二模)Being outside on a sunny day with your friends can always make you feel _________.
A.happiness B.more happily C.happily D.happy
60.(22-23九年级下·上海闵行·期中)The plan for the 14th birthday celebration in the hall sounds ________.
A.greatly B.wonderfully C.kindly D.lovely
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