专题05：不定式、动名词、分词（核心语法）-2026 年中考英语总复习核心考点与题型突破（上海专用）

专题05 不定式、动名词、分词（核心考点精讲精练） 复习目标 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、词形填空题型中均有涉及。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 不定式 非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。 动名词 一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型 分词 现在分词与过去分词做表语区别 【思维导图】 考点概览 （一）动词不定式 1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us not to swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to be made to learn_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.  作状语  不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语） 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" 　　 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it.  A. carrying   B. carries   C. carry   D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble.  A. not to smile  B. to smile     C. not to laugh   D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to （二）动名词 动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry.  —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.  动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 （三）现在分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. 考题透视 ►考向一 动词不定式 动词不定式的特殊句型: ①too…to… “太……而不能……”。 如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。 ②…enough to…“……足够……”。 如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大能去上学了。 ③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式？=Why not +省略to的不定式？为什么不……呢？ 如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？ ④had better+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做…… 如：You'd better not stay here today. 你今天最好别待在这儿。 ⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……吗？ 如：Will you please close the door? 能请你把门关上吗？ ⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事” 如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。 ⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的” 如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。 It+be+形容词+不定式 It’s hard to say which one is better.很难说哪一个更好。 It+be+名词+不定式 It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。 It+动词+名词/副词+不定式 It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。 【真题链接】 1. （2023·上海·统考中考真题）Hanfu Day in our school aims________ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture. A) offer B) offering C) to offer D) offered 【答案】C 【详解】句意： “我们学校的汉服日是为了给学生提供一种体验中国传统文化的机会。” 可知，此处应用动词不定式表目的，故选 C。 2．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold 【答案】C 【详解】句意：互联网使农民能够在全国各地销售水果和蔬菜。 考查非谓语动词。固定短语enable sb to do sth“使某人能做某事”。故选C。 3．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday. A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．to finish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：经理要求他的秘书在星期五之前完成报告。 考查非谓语动词。finish完成，动词原形；finishes完成，动词第三人称单数；finishing完成，动词现在分词/动名词；to finish完成，动词不定式。ask sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，此处用动词不定式。故选D。 4．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal． A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 【答案】D 【详解】句意：医生告诉我们饭前饭后要洗手． 考查动词非谓语的用法。根据句型tell sb to do sth告诉某人做某事，可知不定式to do做宾补。故选D。 【点睛】熟悉不定式的用法，结合题意，给出答案。 5．（2019·上海·中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：主人在聚会上讲了一个笑话，逗得客人大笑。 A. laugh笑；原形；B. laughing笑，现在分词；C. to laugh笑，动词不定式；D. laughed笑，过去式。短语make sb. do sth.表示使某人做某事。根据题意，故选A。 6．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：周先生擅长烹饪，他决定开一家属于自己的餐馆。decide to do sth.决定去做某事，固定搭配。故答案为C。 7．（2017上·八年级课时练习）I can't tell you what she said. I've promised ________ it a secret. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不能告诉你她说的话，我答应了保守秘密。keep保持，保守，动词原形；to keep动词不定式；keeping动名词形式；kept是keep的过去式。这句话的谓语动词是promise，承诺，答应，常用于句型promise to do sth.答应去做某事，故应选B。 8．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivian refuses ___________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 【答案】A 【详解】试题分析：句意：Vivian拒绝把她的孩子送到周末补习班去补课。refuse拒绝，后接名词、代词和动词不定式。refuse to do sth.意为拒绝做某事。A. to send动词不定式；B. sending动名词形式；C. sent是send的过去式；D. sends是三单形式。故选A。 考点：考查动词不定式。 9．（2014·上海·中考真题）Harry has decided    __________ an online shop after graduating from school. A．open B．to open C．opened D．opening 【答案】B 【详解】句意：从学校毕业之后，哈利决定开一家网店。decide后面一般接带to的动词不定式作宾语，故选B。 10．（2012·上海·中考真题）Don’t jump to a conclusion! Let’s __ the problem first. A．to discuss B．discuss C．discussed D．discussing 【答案】B 【详解】本题考查祈使句，let’s do sth，让我们做…，句意：别贸然做出结论，让我们先讨论问题。选B。 11．（2015·上海·中考真题） My friend invited me ______ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A．join B．to join C．joined D．joining 【答案】B 【详解】试题分析：句意：我的朋友邀请我参加艺术俱乐部，我愉快地接受了。A. join动词原形；B.to join 动词不定式；C. joined 动词过去式；D.joining动词的ing形式。 invite sb to do sth，邀请某人做某事。结合句意及结构，故选B。 【考点定位】考查动词不定式的用法。 12．（2013·上海·中考真题）Even Tony’s granddaughter，a five-year-old girl，asked him__________ smoking． A．give up B．gave up C．to give up D．giving up 【答案】C 【详解】句意：甚至是托尼的外孙女，一个五岁的女孩，都要求他戒烟。Ask后接带to的不定式做宾语补足语，结合语境可知选C。 13．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The journalist hoped to the brave act of the fireman. （reporter） 【答案】report 【详解】句意：新闻记者希望报道消防员的勇敢行为。reporter“记者”，名词。hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，故空格处用动词原形report“报道”。故填report。 14．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear) 【答案】disappear 【详解】句意：如果我们不采取行动保护一些雨林，它们可能会消失。appear出现，动词；根据“if we don’t take action to protect them”可知，此处表示雨林可能会消失，disappear“消失”，动词；be likely to do sth.表示“可能会做某事”，此处应用动词原形。故填disappear。 ►考向二 动名词 高频易混易错梳理/归纳 常跟动名词作宾语的动词有： enjoy喜欢；  mind 介意； finish  完成；keep持续；  suggest 建议； practice 练习；consider考虑；                miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免； can’t help忍不住；go on 继续；be worth值得； be busy忙于                give up放弃；succeed in成功，设法；look forward to期待；be used to习惯于；end up以……结束 put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对……感兴趣 注意：含有介词to的固定短语： make (a) contribution (s) to 为……做贡献 devote oneself to 献身，致力于…… look forward to 期待，盼望 preferto 比起……更喜欢…… be used to 习惯……，适应…… pay attention to注意 某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 1.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做） I forget to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。 I forget bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。 2.remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。 I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。 3.try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 Please try to do better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。 He tried speaking in English.他试着用英语讲。 4.hear/see sb. doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事 hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事 I often see him play football 我经常看见他踢球 I saw him playing football went I passed 当我经过的时候，我看见他正在踢球 5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事 Stop doing sth 停止做某事 Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。 Stop talking, please.请不要说话。 6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事 Mean doing sth 意味着 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。 Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。 【真题链接】 1.（2023·上海·统考中考真题） The family are busy __________their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A) decorating B) to decorate C) decorate D) decorated 答案：A 解析：本题考查 “be busy doing sth.” 这个固定结构，意思是 “忙于做某事”。在句子 “The family are busy _________ their living room for the coming Spring Festival.” 中，需要一个表示 “装饰” 动作的词来填充，且要符合 “be busy doing sth.”后接动名词用法的结构。 2．（2017上海·统考中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 【答案】D 【详解】句意：读完这个故事后，爱丽丝给校报写了一篇评论。 考查非谓语动词。finish doing sth“完成做某事”，动名词作宾语，是固定表达。故选D。 3．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位年轻运动员每天花四个小时练习排球。 考查非谓语动词。spend some time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，应用动名词作宾语。故选B。 4．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Michael and his friends practise ________ table tennis after school every day. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：迈克尔和他的朋友们每天放学后练习打乒乓球。 考查非谓语动词。practice/practise doing sth练习做某事，因此用动名词作宾语，故选C。 5．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company． A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。 考查非谓语动词。discuss原形；discussed一般过去式、过去分词；discussing动名词、现在分词；to discuss不定式；keep doing sth 继续做某事，可知此处填动名词；故选C。 6．（2019·上海·中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A．take B．taken C．to take D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我外出度假时，你介意照看我的宠物鱼吗？ A. take带去，原形；B. taken带去，过去分词；C. to take带去，动词不定式；D. taking带去，现在分词。短语take care of…表示照顾；Would you mind doing sth.表示你介意做某事吗？根据题意，故选D。 7．（2012·上海·中考真题）Stop ______ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it. A．complaining B．to complain C．complain D．complained 【答案】A 【详解】句意：停止抱怨交通了，我们想想可以做些什么去改善。 考查非谓语动词。stop to do sth.意为“停下手上的事去做另一件事”；stop doing sth. 意为“停止手上正在做的事”。根据“Just think about what we can do to improve it.”可知，此处指停止正在做的事情。故选A。 8．（2018·上海·中考真题）Sue practices______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：苏练习小提琴很刻苦，经常会有一些精彩的表演。practice doing sth.练习做某事。故答案为D。 9．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．to fix 【答案】C 【详解】句意：工人们最近忙着给新大楼安装窗户。be busy doing sth.忙于做某事，是个固定短语，busy后接动名词形式。故选C。 10．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martin was so busy ______ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：马丁如此忙于帮助老人，以至于他放弃了他的兼职工作。A. helping动词的ingr形式；B. helped动词的过去式；C.to help 动词不定式；D. help动词原形。be busy doing sth,忙于做某事。结合所给选项的形式，故选A。 11．（2013·上海·中考真题）The retired couple enjoy_____photos.They always go out with their cameras A．take B．took C．to take D．taking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这对退休夫妇喜欢拍照。他们总是带着照相机出去。enjoy doing sth:喜欢做某事。故选D。 12．（2014·上海·中考真题）I wouldn’t mind______a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A．having B．to have C．have D．had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我不介意有一个室友.我们能互相帮助，也能省钱。Mind doing sth介意做某事，动名词作宾语表示抽象动作，故选A。 ►考向三 分词 高频易混易错梳理/归纳 现在分词与过去分词的区别 1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。 the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun升起来的太阳 易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别 1.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。 3.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。 The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 【真题链接】 1．（2011·上海·中考真题） As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others_________for a long time. A．wait B．waited C．to wait D．waiting 【答案】D 【详解】这题考查非谓语的用法：keep sb doing“让某人一直做某事”，句意是：我们都知道，让别人等很长时间是不礼貌的。选D。 2．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）I’m sorry I have kept you ________ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible. A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．to wait 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对不起，我让你等了这么长时间。交通非常糟糕。 考查现在分词作宾补。waiting动词现在分词/动名词；wait等待，动词。waited动词过去式/过去分词；to wait动词不定式。根据语境可知，交通很拥堵，可推测此处是让对方一直等待了很长时间，keep sb doing sth表示“使某人一直做某事”，使役动词keep后需填现在分词，作宾补，waiting“等待”为动词wait的现在分词。故选A。 3．（2023·上海奉贤·统考一模）When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) ________ over my head. A．flies B．flying C．flew D．fly 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我走在街上时，我看到一架无人机从我头顶飞过。 考查非谓语动词。see…do sth看到……做某事，强调看到整个过程或经常发生的动作；see…doing sth看到……正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。根据“When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机)… over my head”可知，看到无人机正从头顶上飞过，应填现在分词作宾补，故选B。 4．（2022·上海徐汇·统考二模）When I walked past the music room, I heard someone ________ the piano in it. A．to play B．played C．playing D．play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我走过音乐教室时，我听到有人在里面弹钢琴。 考查非谓语动词。hear sb do sth“听见某人经常做某事”；hear sb doing sth“听见某人正在做某事”。根据“When I walked past the music room, I heard someone...the piano in it.”可知，路过的时候听到有人正在弹钢琴，故选C。 5．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）I saw Tom ________ football with his classmates at three this afternoon. A．plays B．played C．playing D．to play 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今天下午三点我看见Tom和他的同班同学在踢足球。 考查非谓语动词辨析。当see解释为“看见”时，后面不接从句，故填入非谓语动词；根据语境可知，说话者只看到了踢足球的一个片段，see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做某事的全程”，see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人做某事的片段”，故搭配doing。故选C。 6．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测） — We didn’t find Tom ________ the lecture. — No one had told him about ________ a lecture the following day. A．to attend; there to be B．attending; there being C．attended; there be D．attend; there was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：—— 我们没有发现汤姆来听讲座。—— 没人告诉他第二天有讲座。 考查分词的用法。根据固定搭配“find sb. doing sth.”可知，此空需要现在分词形式作宾语补足语；再者根据“about”一词可知，其后动词用动名词形式，因此there being符合句意。故选B。 7．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood ________ to the ground, ________whether to stay or leave. A．rooted; wondering B．to be rooted; wonder C．rooting; to wonder D．to root; wondered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当店员看到一张满脸皱纹的脸带着歉意的微笑时，她像生了根似的站在地上，不知道该走还是该留。 考查非谓语动词。 rooted生根的；wonder想知道；结合选项分析句子可知，第一空使用过去分词作表语，表示主语所处的状态或感受，相当于形容词；she与wonder之间是主谓关系，第二空使用现在分词作伴随状语，故选A。 8．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）The traffic rule says that young children under the age of four and ________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A．being weighed B．to weigh C．weighed D．weighing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：交通规则规定，4岁以下、体重小于40磅的儿童必须坐在儿童安全座椅上。 考查非谓语动词。weigh是动词，意为“有……重”；根据“young children under the age of four and...less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.”可知，weigh与主语young children之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词weighing，weighing less than 40 pounds修饰主语。故选D。 9．（2020上·上海浦东新·九年级校考阶段练习）On my way home, I always notice some children ________ around in the garden. A．ran B．to run C．running D．runs 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我回家的路上，我总是注意到一些孩子在花园里跑来跑去。 考查动词形式辨析。notice sb. doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事；children和动词run是主动关系，这里用现在分词作宾补，故选C。 10．（2019上·上海·九年级上海市民办新竹园中学校考阶段练习）At that time some boys ________ basketball on the playground. A．were seen playing B．were seen to play C．saw to play D．saw and played 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那时，有人看见一些男孩在操场上打篮球。 考查see的用法。see sb. do 看见某人做某事，它的语句环境是“主语对象”完整的目睹了某人做某事的全过程；see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事，强调的是看见的这么一个动作；根据被动语态转换为“be seen doing”，“be seen to do”，所以此处排除B；分析句子，此处是被动语态，结合“At that time”，所以此处用be seen doing，故选A。 【点睛】see sb. do 看见某人做某事，它的语句环境是“主语对象”完整的目睹了某人做某事的全过程，强调了“主语对象”对该事件的完整了解性； see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事，它的语句环境是“主语对象”恰巧看到了某人正在实施某事，强调的是看见的这么一个动作，是一个瞬间发生的事情。 11．（2019·上海虹口·九年级校考期中）The book he _______ on the table is still _______ there. A．lay, lying B．laid, laying C．lied, lying D．laid, lying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他放在桌子上的那本书现在仍然还在那。 考查动词辨析。lay 放置，动词原形 ；lying 说谎或躺，现在分词。laid 放置，过去式或过去分词；laying 放置，现在分词。lied 说谎，过去式或过去分词；lying 说谎或躺，现在分词。laid 放置，过去式或过去分词；lying 说谎或躺，现在分词。根据句意，第一个空是指放在桌子上的那本书，书和动作放之间是被动关系，所以用lay的过去分词。第二个是指现在仍然躺在那，用动词lie，表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，结构是be doing，lie的现在分词是lying。故选D。 【点睛】常考的三个动词辨析：lie 躺/平放/位于，及物动词；现在分词是lying，过去式是lay，过去分词是lain。lie 说谎，不及物动词；现在分词是lying，过去式是lied，过去分词是lied。lay 放置/产卵，及物动词；现在分词是laying，过去式是laid，过去分词是laid。 12．（2022上·上海宝山·九年级统考开学考试）There are altogether some 200 people in our village, the old people and children _________. A．including B．included C．are included D．are including 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们村总共有200人左右，包括老人和孩子。 考查非谓语动词。根据“There are altogether some 200 people in our village, …the old people and children .”可知，the old people and children和include是被动关系，因此此处应用动词过去分词形式。故选B。 好题新题特训 1．（2025·上海闵行·三模）Mike offered ______ Mary to carry her suitcase, but Mary said she could manage it herself. A．to help B．help C．helping D．helped 【答案】A 【详解】句意：迈克主动提出帮玛丽提行李箱，但玛丽说她自己能拿。 考查非谓语动词。offer to do something“提出做某事”，空处填动词不定式作宾语。故选A。 2．（2025·上海虹口·三模）—What’s your plan for the summer holiday? —I’m considering ______ to Hainan Island for swimming lessons. A．go B．going C．to go D．went 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你暑假有什么计划？——我正在考虑去海南岛上游泳课。 考查非谓语动词。consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选B。 3．（2025·上海金山·三模）The teacher asked the students to avoid ________ too many mistakes in the exam. A．made B．to make C．have made D．making 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师要求学生在考试中避免犯太多错误。 考查动名词作宾语。avoid doing sth.是固定短语，表示“避免做某事”，此处表示避免犯太多错误。故选D。 4．（2025·上海闵行·三模）Since it rained heavily, they had no choice but ________ the outdoor event. A．cancel B．to cancel C．cancelling D．to cancelling 【答案】B 【详解】句意：由于雨下得很大，他们别无选择，只能取消户外活动。 考查非谓语动词。have no choice but to do sth.“别无选择只能做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。 5．（2025·上海闵行·三模）I can’t imagine ________ in a city without public transportation. A．live B．lived C．to live D．living 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我无法想象在没有公共交通的城市生活。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth“想象做某事”，空处用动名词形式。故选D。 6．（2025·上海杨浦·三模）The politician denied ________ about his educational and working experience. A．lie B．lying C．to lying D．lied 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位政治家否认了关于他的教育和工作经历的撒谎行为。 考查非谓语动词。deny doing sth“否认做某事”，为固定短语。故选B。 7．（2025·上海杨浦·三模）The headmaster told us ________ any teacher or visitor who we walk past. A．greet B．to greet C．greeting D．greeted 【答案】B 【详解】句意：校长告诉我们要问候任何我们走过的老师或访客。 考查非谓语动词。tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”，固定搭配。故选B。 8．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）We should consider ______ public transport to reduce air pollution. A．use B．used C．to use D．using 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们应该考虑使用公共交通以减少空气污染。 考查动词短语及非谓语形式。use使用，动词原形；used使用，过去式；to use使用，动词不定式；using使用，动名词。根据“consider”并结合语境可知，此处指“考虑使用公共交通”，应使用其动名词形式作宾语，consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，固定搭配，故选D。 9．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Drivers must avoid ________ their phones while on the road. It’s dangerous for passengers as well as themselves. A．use B．to use C．used D．using 【答案】D 【详解】句意：司机在路上必须避免使用手机。这对乘客和他们自己都很危险。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，动词短语，此处应用动名词作宾语。故选D。 10．（2025·上海虹口·二模）The aim of the music program is ________ all the students with the knowledge of music. A．provide B．to provide C．providing D．provided 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个音乐节目的目的是为了给所有的学生提供音乐知识。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的系动词“is”可知，此处要用动词不定式作表语，用来表示目的或意图。故选B。 11．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）Members of the Royal Family have often chosen ________ illness details with the public. A．didn’t share B．don’t share C．not sharing D．not to share 【答案】D 【详解】句意：王室成员经常选择不向公众透露病情细节。 考查动词不定式的否定式。句子主干是“Members…have chosen…(主语+现在完成时谓语)”，空格处需填入动词“choose”的搭配形式。choose to do sth是固定搭配，表示“选择做某事”，其否定形式为choose not to do sth.，表示“选择不做某事”。故选D。 12．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Mr. More encouraged his students ________ creatively in order to solve the problem. A．think B．thought C．to think D．thinking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：莫尔先生鼓励他的学生创造性地思考，以解决这个问题。 考查非谓语动词。根据“encouraged”可知，encourage sb. to do sth.表示“鼓励某人做某事”。故选C。 13．（2025·上海崇明·二模）The folk art lovers went on ________ paper cuttings, hoping to pass down this traditional skill. A．do B．did C．to do D．doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：民间艺术爱好者继续剪纸，希望传承这一传统技艺。 考查非谓语动词。根据“went on”可知，此处表示“继续做某事”，固定搭配为“go on doing sth.”。故选D。 14．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）I suggest ________ the new art museum in the city center this coming weekend. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我建议这个周末去市中心的新艺术博物馆。 考查非谓语动词。根据“suggest”可知，suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”。故选C。 15．（2025·上海青浦·二模）If you want to stay focused, you should avoid ________ your phone from time to time. A．check B．checked C．checking D．to check 【答案】C 【详解】句意：如果你想保持专注，你应该避免时不时查看手机。 考查非谓语动词。check检查、查看，动词原形；checked过去式和过去分词形式；checking动名词或现在分词形式；to check动词不定式。  “avoid”为及物动词“avoid doing sth.”，表示“避免做某事” ，其后需接动名词作宾语。故选C。 16．（2025·上海青浦·二模）Our group set out ________ out flyers in our community to raise awareness about recycling. A．to be given B．giving C．give D．to give 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们小组出发在社区里分发传单，以提高人们对回收利用的意识。 考查非谓语动词。to be given是动词不定式的被动形式；giving是动名词或现在分词形式；give是动词原形；to give是动词不定式的主动形式。  “set out”意为“出发；着手做”，“set out to do sth.”，表示“着手做某事；开始做某事”，此处“our group”和“give out flyers”是主动关系，应用动词不定式的主动形式作目的状语，即“to give”，故选D。 17．（2025·上海闵行·二模）You need to practice ________ as much as possible to improve your oral English. A．to speak B．speak C．spoke D．speaking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你需要尽可能多地练习说（英语），以便提高你的英语口语。 考查非谓语。practice doing sth“练习做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。故选D。 18．（2025·上海闵行·二模）My dad believes that helping with the housework enables me ________ the family responsibility better. A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸认为帮忙做家务能让我更好地理解家庭责任。 考查非谓语动词。根据“enables me...the family responsibility better.”可知，enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语，故选B。 19．（2025·上海宝山·二模）Yesterday afternoon, the old man warned some naughty boys ________ football near the busy street. A．not play B．not to play C．not playing D．don’t play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天下午，老人警告一些顽皮的男孩不要在繁忙的街道附近踢足球。 考查非谓语动词。warn sb. not to do sth.“警告某人不要做某事”，是固定搭配。故选B。 20．（2025·上海宝山·二模）The environmental club members suggested ________ plastic bottles for their recycling project to reduce waste. A．collect B．collected C．to collect D．collecting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：环保俱乐部的成员们建议为他们的项目回收塑料瓶，以减少浪费。   考查非谓语动词。collect收集，动词原形；collected过去式和过去分词形式；to collect动词不定式形式；collecting现在分词和动名词形式。“suggest”常见的用法为“suggest doing sth.”，意为“建议做某事”，其后接动名词作宾语。根据“suggested”以及“suggest doing sth.”的用法可知，这里应该用“collecting”。故选D。 21．（2025·上海长宁·二模）Christine refuses ________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．sending B．to send C．sent D．send 【答案】B 【详解】句意：克里斯蒂娜拒绝将她的孩子送到周末培训中心去上额外的课程。 考查动词refuse的用法。refuse后接动词时需用不定式形式，表示“拒绝做某事”。故选B。 22．（2025·上海静安·二模）The latest learning apps enable students ________ lessons at any time. A．review B．to review C．reviewed D．reviewing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：最新的学习应用程序使学生能够随时复习课程。 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，本句中考查enable的固定搭配“enable sb to do sth”，意为“使某人能够做某事”。故选B。 23．（2025·上海静安·二模）Steven suggested ________ the reference books at once to finish our task. A．order B．to order C．ordering D．ordered 【答案】C 【详解】句意：史蒂文建议立刻订购参考书来完成我们的任务。 考查非谓语动词。根据“suggested”可知，此处是suggest doing sth.“建议做某事”，空处使用动名词形式，表示“建议订购参考书”。故选C。 24．（2025·上海金山·二模）Mr. Taylor often says he prefers ________ volleyball to football. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 【答案】C 【详解】句意：泰勒先生经常说他比起踢足球更喜欢打排球。 考查非谓语动词。根据“prefer doing sth. to doing sth.(比起做……更喜欢做……)”，可知，此处应填“playing”。故选C。 25．（2025·上海金山·二模）Technology allows everyone ________ ideas, stories and photos from everywhere in the world. A．to share B．share C．sharing D．shares 【答案】A 【详解】句意：科技让每个人都能够分享来自世界各地的想法、故事和照片。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事” 。故选A。 26．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）Experienced teachers are generally in favor of ________ students to think independently in class. A．encourage B．to encourage C．encouraging D．encouraged 【答案】C 【详解】句意：经验丰富的教师通常赞成在课堂上鼓励学生独立思考。 考查动名词作宾语。“of”为介词，后面的动词应该用动名词形式，故选C。 27．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）The zoo keeper allows the volunteers ________ the small animals under supervision. A．feed B．feeding C．to feed D．fed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：动物园管理员允许志愿者在监督下投喂小动物。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，固定搭配。故空处需动词不定式。故选C。 28．（2025·上海松江·二模）Jane has trouble ________ when there’s too much noise around. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learnt 【答案】C 【详解】句意：周围噪音太大时，Jane学习有困难。 考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in) doing sth.“做某事有困难”，固定搭配，其中“in”可以省略，所以这里应该用动名词形式learning。故选C。 29．（2025·上海松江·二模）My dad advises me ________ to the news report every evening. A．listen B．to listen C．listening D．listened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸建议我每天晚上听新闻报道。 考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知，这里考查的是固定搭配advise sb. to do sth.，意为“建议某人做某事”，其中to do sth.是动词不定式作宾语补足语。因此，这里应该用动词不定式to listen。故选B。 30．（2025·上海普陀·二模）Julian is so helpful and he never minds ______ his notes with all of us. A．share B．sharing C．to share D．shared 【答案】B 【详解】句意：朱利安乐于助人，他从不介意把他的笔记与我们大家分享。 考查动词短语。share分享；sharing现在分词；to share动词不定式；shared过去式/过去分词。mind doing sth“介意做某事”。故选B。 31．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）He advised his team ______ the new machine thoroughly before showing it to the public. A．test B．to test C．testing D．tested 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他建议他的团队在向公众展示之前彻底测试这台新机器。   考查动词用法。advise sb. to do sth. 是固定搭配，表示“建议某人做某事”。根据句子结构，空格处需要填入动词不定式形式“to test”来构成正确的语法搭配。故选B。 32．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习）She imagined ________ in her favourite chair back home. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．to sitting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她想象着坐在家里最喜欢的椅子上。 考查非谓语动词。imagine doing sth“想象做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。故选C。 33．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习）Bringing up children often requires you ________ their needs first. A．to put B．put C．putting D．to putting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：抚养孩子通常需要你把他们的需求放在首位。 考查动词短语。 require sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事，所以用put的不定式to put。故选A。 34．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习）The boy is good at ________ with people even if they are strangers. A．communicate B．communicating C．to communicate D．communicated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个男孩善于与人交流，即使他们是陌生人。 考查动名词作宾语。be good at doing sth“擅长做某事”；communicate with“与……交流”。此处介词后用动名词作宾语，故选B。 35．（25-26九年级上·上海浦东新·阶段练习）In my opinion, we have no choice but ________ new good products. A．produce B．producing C．to produce D．be produced 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我看来，我们别无选择，只能生产新的好产品。 考查固定句型。分析句子结构可知，本题考查“have no choice but to do sth.”这一固定句型，该句型的意思是“除了……之外，别无选择”。but除了，是介词，后面需要接动词不定式作宾语，选项C是动词不定式形式，符合题意。故选C。 36．（25-26九年级上·上海徐汇·阶段练习）________ the importance of public health, many countries have invested heavily in ________ their disease prevention systems. A．Recognizing; improving B．Recognize; improve C．Recognized; improved D．To recognize; improving 【答案】A 【详解】句意：意识到公共卫生的重要性，许多国家在改善其疾病预防系统方面投入了大量资金。 考查动词现在分词和动名词的用法。根据“the importance of public health”和“many countries”可知二者为主动关系，第一空处作状语，用动词的现在分词形式；而由“in”为介词可知，第二空处应用动名词形式作宾语，故选A。 37．（25-26九年级上·上海徐汇·阶段练习）People are advised to avoid ________ still water to prevent the spread of Chikungunya fever, as mosquitoes breed there. A．collect B．to collect C．collected D．collecting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：建议人们避免积水，以预防基孔肯雅热的传播，因为蚊子在那里繁殖。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故选D。 38．（25-26九年级上·上海浦东新·阶段练习）The heavy rain made the children ________ at home all day. A．stay B．to stay C．stayed D．staying 【答案】A 【详解】句意：大雨使孩子们整天待在家里。 考查非谓语动词。stay待，动词原形；to stay待，不定式；stayed待，过去式；staying待，现在分词或动名词。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动词原形stay。故选A。 39．（24-25九年级下·上海宝山·阶段练习）The school library encourages students ________ books from different genres. A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学校图书馆鼓励学生阅读不同流派的书籍。 考查非谓语动词。根据“The school library encourages students…”可知，encourage sb. to do sth.“鼓励某人做某事”，动词短语。故选B。 40．（24-25九年级下·上海宝山·阶段练习）The teacher doesn’t permit students ________ mobile phones in class. A．use B．using C．to use D．used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师不允许学生在课堂上使用手机。 考查非谓语动词。permit sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”；可知此处填不定式作宾补。故选C。 41．（24-25九年级下·上海普陀·阶段练习）You’d better stop ________ about the busy schedule and start to focus on time management. A．complain B．to complain C．complaining D．being complained 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你最好别再抱怨日程安排太满了，开始注重时间管理吧。 考查非谓语动词。stop停止，后接动名词或不定式；stop doing停止做某事（停止正在做的事）；stop to do停下来去做某事（去做另一件还没有做的事）。根据句意可知，此处是“停止抱怨”，需用stop doing结构，故选C。 42．（24-25九年级下·上海普陀·阶段练习）Frank refused ________ on his dreams, no matter how many challenges he would face. A．giving up B．give up C．gave up D．to give up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：无论面临多少挑战，Frank都拒绝放弃自己的梦想。 考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”，固定搭配，refuse后要用动词不定式。故选D。 43．（24-25九年级下·上海闵行·阶段练习）When talking with someone you’re not familiar with, we should avoid ________ topics like home address and other personal information. A．mentioning B．to mention C．mention D．mentioned 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当与你不熟悉的人交谈时，我们应该避免提及像家庭住址和其他个人信息这类话题。 考查非谓语动词。avoid doing sth.“避免做某事”，这里要用动名词 mentioning作宾语，故选A。 44．（24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中）Would you mind _________ the pictures for me? A．print B．to print C．printing D．prints 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你介意帮我打印这些照片吗？ 考查非谓语动词。根据“mind”可知，mind doing sth.“介意做某事”，因此此处应用动名词形式作宾语。故选C。 45．（24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中）The singer was so angry that she refused _________ any questions. A．answer B．to answer C．answering D．answered 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位歌手如此的生气以至于她拒绝回答任何问题。 考查非谓语动词。refuse to do sth“拒绝做某事”，固定短语，故选B。 46．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）It stops their neighbours from ________ any sleep. A．not get B．get C．not getting D．getting 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这会让他们的邻居无法入睡。 考查非谓语动词。根据“It stops their neighbours from…any sleep.”可知是指让他们的邻居无法入睡。stop sb. from doing sth. 是固定搭配，意为“阻止某人做某事”，故选D。 47．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）________ his goal, he always stayed up late to work hard. A．To achieve B．Achieve C．Achieving D．Achieved 【答案】A 【详解】句意：为了实现他的目标，他总是熬夜努力工作。 考查非谓语动词。To achieve动词不定式；Achieve动词原形；Achieving动名词或现在分词；Achieved动词过去式或过去分词。根据“... his goal, he always stayed up late to work hard.”可知，此处表示“为了实现他的目标”，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故选A。 48．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Some people believe ________ organic tea is good for their health. A．drink B．drinking C．drank D．drunk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一些人认为喝有机茶对他们的健康有益。 考查非谓语动词。believe后是省略that的宾语从句，空处在从句中作主语，用动名词drinking在句中作主语，故选B。 49．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Amy prefers ________ at home to ________ out at the weekend. A．stay; going B．staying; going C．staying; go D．stay; go 【答案】B 【详解】句意：Amy更喜欢周末待在家里而不是外出。 考查prefer...to...短语用法。短语“prefer doing A to doing B”表示“比起做B这件事，更喜欢做A这件事”。故选B。 50．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Tom speaks English so well. Because he practises ________ it every day. A．speaking B．speak C．speaks D．spoke 【答案】A 【详解】句意：汤姆英语说得这么好，因为他每天都练习它。 考查非谓语动词。practise doing sth“练习做某事”。故选A。 51．（24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）This program enables students ________ at their own pace. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learnt 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个项目使学生能够按照自己的节奏学习。 考查固定搭配。enable sb to do sth“使某人能够做某事”。故选B。 52．（24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）The piece of grass tied around the bird’s neck stops it from ________ the fish. A．swallow B．to swallow C．swallowing D．swallowed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：绑在鸟脖子上的那块草阻止了它吞鱼。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前的介词“from”可知，此处应用动名词形式，作宾语。故选C。 53．（24-25九年级上·上海崇明·期中）He promised ________ enough sleep and a healthy diet. A．have B．to have C．had D．having 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他保证有充足的睡眠和健康的饮食。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前“promised”可知，此处考查promised to do sth.“承诺做某事”，动词短语，因此这里应用动词不定式to have。故选B。 54．（24-25九年级上·上海崇明·期中）This will enable the audience ________ comfortably while watching the shows. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这将使观众在观看节目时坐得舒适些。 考查非谓语动词。根据空前“enable the audience”可知，此处考查enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动词不定式to sit，在句中作宾语补足语。故选B。 55．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期中）He showed great interest and spent much time ________ traditional Chinese culture. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他表现出极大的兴趣，花了很多时间学习中国传统文化。 考查非谓语。spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 56．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期中）Pictures and sounds in the film enable us ________ the novel better. A．understand B．understanding C．understood D．to understand 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电影中的图片和声音使我们能够更好地理解这部小说。 考查非谓语动词。enable sb. to do sth.“使某人能够做某事”，动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选D。 57．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期中）Once he made a decision, nothing would make him ________ his mind. A．to change B．change C．changing D．changed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：一旦他做出决定，没有什么能让他改变主意。 考查非谓语。make sb do sth“使得某人做某事”，省略to的不定式作宾补。故选B。 58．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）Danny didn’t finish ________ his story until he thought of a good ending. A．write B．written C．to write D．writing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：丹尼直到想到一个好结局才写完他的故事。 考查非谓语动词。write“写”，动词。根据空前“finish”可知，此处考查finish doing sth.“完成做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里应用动名词writing。故选D。 59．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）For our next holiday plan, Mum suggested ________ in the mountains. A．hike B．to hike C．hiking D．hiked 【答案】C 【详解】句意：对于我们下一个假期计划，妈妈建议在山里徒步旅行。 考查非谓语动词。固定搭配suggest doing sth.表示“建议做某事”，要用动名词形式“hiking”。故选C。 60．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）—I don’t really want to go to work today. —Well, you are not allowed ________ whether to go or not. You have to. A．decide B．deciding C．to decide D．decided 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我今天真的不想去上班。——唔，你决定不了是去还是不去。你必须得去。 考查非谓语动词。allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”，固定词组，被动语态的结构为“sb. be allowed to do sth.”，所以C项正确。故选C。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题05 不定式、动名词、分词（核心考点精讲精练） 复习目标 非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语。非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。非谓语动词一直是英语学习的难点，也是中考的常考点，主要为动词不定式和动名词，在单项填空、词形填空题型中均有涉及。本专题目的在于归纳一些高频考题及梳理一些解题技巧，以帮助同学们高效复习。 考点 考向 考法/命题角度 不定式 非谓语动词基本用法，及非谓语一般形式；主要考点为动词不定式和动名词，分词少有涉及。 需使用不定式做宾语的动词；省去to 的不定式作宾补的动词；不定式做表语。 动名词 一些常接动名词做宾语的动词及句型 分词 现在分词与过去分词做表语区别 【思维导图】 考点概览 （一）动词不定式 1.作表语；2.信号词：wish, hope, dream, work, task, duty, ambition,etc. etc. 1. My wish is to become a teacher. 2. The first thing I want to do is to visit my grandfather. 作定语 (后置) I have nothing ___________ (send) you. We must never miss the chance _______( show) love for our parents. 1. I have nothing to say about that thing. 2. Sorry, I can’t go with you; I have a lot of clothes to wash. 3. China is the third country to send its astronauts into the space. 作宾语及宾补 1. want/promise/manage/plan/expect decide/choose/refuse/pretend to do sth. 2. make/ let/ have sb. do sth. (注：被动带to) 3. ask/ tell/ order /enable/allow/encourage sb. to do sth. 4. warn sb. not to do sth. 5. would like to do 5. had better (not)do 1. Alice wanted to get another cup of coffee. 2. He told me to be here on time. 3. Our parents often tell us swim alone in the river in summer. 4. Paul doesn't have to_. He always works hard. 5. You’d better _________(try) this medicine.  作状语  不定式常在句子里作目的、原因和结果状语 如：in order to; so as to He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. （目的状语） He searched the room only to find nothing. （结果状语） I'm glad to see you. （原因状语） 动词不定式与疑问词连用 (1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.   (不定式作宾语) (2) How to use the machine is a question. (不定式作主语) (3) The question is when to go there. (不定式作表语) (4). The menu has so many good things! I can’t decide which to eat. 不定式的特殊句型： 1.句型：too…to…：太…而不能… 2.句型：be + adj + enough + to do sth.足以做 … 3.句型：It's + adj. + for sb to do sth 4.句型：Why not +动词原形"表达向某人提出建议，翻译为："为什么不……?" 　　 5. 句型：so as (not) to do: 表示目的 6.不定式的否定形式，如:warn sb not to do/never to/in order not to/so as not to等 7..比较：used to do/be used to doing 8..比较：It takes…to do/sb spends…doing He is too excited to speak. The child is old enough to go to schooll. Why not take a holiday? Go in quietly so as not to wake the baby. 1. The box is too heavy for me ____ it.  A. carrying   B. carries   C. carry   D. to carry 2.We are often told _____at people in trouble.  A. not to smile  B. to smile     C. not to laugh   D. to laugh 3.Yesterday morning I got up early________ be late for the exam. A. in order to B. in order to not C. so as not to D. so as to （二）动名词 动名词做宾语 1.信号词：enjoy, keep, mind, finish, practice/ practise; deny; imagine; risk; consider; admit; forgive, avoid; escape; 2. 词组：give up/ be good at/do well in/ can't help/ keep on/feel like/ be used to/refer to/pay attention to/ devote oneself to/get used to/look forward to/ succeed in/ be worth 3.how about/what about +doing 4.prefer doing….to doing /prefer to do....rather than do 5.介词后面+doing 6.固定搭配：go shopping/go dancing/go swimming 1. Mary and I enjoy playing badminton. 2.It's a bit cold. Would you mind my closing all the windows? 3.The new term is coming. They are busy cleaning the classrooms 4.—Mum, I’m hungry.  —What about _____(go) to McDonald’s eating fried chicken? 5. Knives are used for _________(cut) things.  动名词做主语及表语 Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动 My favorite sport is swimming. 我最喜欢的运动是游泳 （三）现在分词 感官动词+sb.+doing see, hear, find, smell, watch, find, listen to, look at, notice, observe I heard someone knocking at the door. I saw him dancing in the hall yesterday. There we found him watching TV. 考题透视 ►考向一 动词不定式 动词不定式的特殊句型: ①too…to… “太……而不能……”。 如：The boy is too young to look after himself. 那个男孩太小而不能照顾自己。 ②…enough to…“……足够……”。 如：He is old enough to go to school. 他足够大能去上学了。 ③Why don’t you +省略to的不定式？=Why not +省略to的不定式？为什么不……呢？ 如：Why don't you get her a photo album? =Why not get her a photo album? 为什么不给她买个相册呢？ ④had better+（not）+省略to的不定式。最好（不要）做…… 如：You'd better not stay here today. 你今天最好别待在这儿。 ⑤Will you please+省略to的不定式?你愿意……吗？ 如：Will you please close the door? 能请你把门关上吗？ ⑥prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. “宁愿做某事而不愿做某事” 如：I prefer to do more work rather than do nothing at home.我宁愿做更多的工作也不愿在家无所事事。 ⑦It is+adj.+for/of sb.+to do.“做某事是……的” 如：It is necessary for us to brush our teeth twice a day.一天刷两次牙对我们是有必要的。 It+be+形容词+不定式 It’s hard to say which one is better.很难说哪一个更好。 It+be+名词+不定式 It was great fun to have a picnic there. 在那里野餐很有意思。 It+动词+名词/副词+不定式 It took me 2 hours to finish my homework. 完成作业花了我两个小时的时间。 【真题链接】 1. （2023·上海·统考中考真题）Hanfu Day in our school aims________ students a taste of traditional Chinese culture. A) offer B) offering C) to offer D) offered 2．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The Internet enables farmers _______ fruits and vegetables across the country. A．sell B．selling C．to sell D．sold 3．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）The manager asked his secretary ________ the report before Friday. A．finish B．finishes C．finishing D．to finish 4．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）Doctors tell us________our hands before and after every meal． A．wash B．washed C．washing D．to wash 5．（2019·上海·中考真题）The host told a joke at the party and made the guests a lot. A．laugh B．laughing C．to laugh D．laughed 6．（2018·上海·中考真题）Mr. Zhou is good at cooking and he has decided______his own restaurant. A．open B．opened C．to open D．opening 7．（2017上·八年级课时练习）I can't tell you what she said. I've promised ________ it a secret. A．keep B．to keep C．keeping D．kept 8．（2017·上海·中考真题）Vivian refuses ___________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 9．（2014·上海·中考真题）Harry has decided    __________ an online shop after graduating from school. A．open B．to open C．opened D．opening 10．（2012·上海·中考真题）Don’t jump to a conclusion! Let’s __ the problem first. A．to discuss B．discuss C．discussed D．discussing 11．（2015·上海·中考真题） My friend invited me ______ the art club , and I accepted it with pleasure. A．join B．to join C．joined D．joining 12．（2013·上海·中考真题）Even Tony’s granddaughter，a five-year-old girl，asked him__________ smoking． A．give up B．gave up C．to give up D．giving up 13．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The journalist hoped to the brave act of the fireman. （reporter） 14．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Some rainforests are likely to if we don’t take action to protect them. (appear) ►考向二 动名词 高频易混易错梳理/归纳 常跟动名词作宾语的动词有： enjoy喜欢；  mind 介意； finish  完成；keep持续；  suggest 建议； practice 练习；consider考虑；                miss错过；imagine想象；avoid避免； can’t help忍不住；go on 继续；be worth值得； be busy忙于                give up放弃；succeed in成功，设法；look forward to期待；be used to习惯于；end up以……结束 put off推迟；pay attention to注意；be interested in对……感兴趣 注意：含有介词to的固定短语： make (a) contribution (s) to 为……做贡献 devote oneself to 献身，致力于…… look forward to 期待，盼望 preferto 比起……更喜欢…… be used to 习惯……，适应…… pay attention to注意 某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别 1.forget doing sth.忘记做过某事 forget to do sth.忘记要做某事（未做） I forget to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。 I forget bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。 2.remember doing sth.记得做过某事 remember to do sth.记得去做某事（未做） Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄走。 I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。 3.try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 Please try to do better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。 He tried speaking in English.他试着用英语讲。 4.hear/see sb. doing sth.听见/看见某人正在做某事 hear/see sb. do sth. 听见/看见某人做了某事 I often see him play football 我经常看见他踢球 I saw him playing football went I passed 当我经过的时候，我看见他正在踢球 5.Stop to do sth 停下去做某事 Stop doing sth 停止做某事 Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一下这件事。 Stop talking, please.请不要说话。 6.Mean to do sth 打算做某事 Mean doing sth 意味着 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去,但我父亲不肯让我去。 Doing that means wasting time.做那件事意味着浪费时间。 【真题链接】 1.（2023·上海·统考中考真题） The family are busy __________their living room for the coming Spring Festival. A) decorating B) to decorate C) decorate D) decorated 2．（2017上海·统考中考真题）After she finished ________ the story, Alice wrote a review for her school newspaper. A．read B．reads C．to read D．reading 3．（2022·上海·统考中考真题）The young player spends four hours _______ volleyball every day. A．practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 4．（2021·上海·统考中考真题）Michael and his friends practise ________ table tennis after school every day. A．play B．played C．playing D．to play 5．（2020·上海·统考中考真题）The engineers will keep________the project with the manager of the company． A．discuss B．discussed C．discussing D．to discuss 6．（2019·上海·中考真题）Would you mind care of my pet fish while I'm away on holiday? A．take B．taken C．to take D．taking 7．（2012·上海·中考真题）Stop ______ about the traffic. Just think about what we can do to improve it. A．complaining B．to complain C．complain D．complained 8．（2018·上海·中考真题）Sue practices______the violin hard and often gives wonderful performances. A．play B．played C．to play D．playing 9．（2017·上海·中考真题）（2017﹒上海）The workers are busy windows to the new building these days. A．fix B．fixed C．fixing D．to fix 10．（2015·上海·中考真题）Martin was so busy ______ the old that he gave up his part-time job. A．helping B．helped C．to help D．help 11．（2013·上海·中考真题）The retired couple enjoy_____photos.They always go out with their cameras A．take B．took C．to take D．taking 12．（2014·上海·中考真题）I wouldn’t mind______a roommate. We can help each other and save money as well. A．having B．to have C．have D．had ►考向三 分词 高频易混易错梳理/归纳 现在分词与过去分词的区别 1.在语态上,现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义。 the surprising news令人惊讶的消息 a surprised man一个感到惊讶的人 a moving film一部感人的电影 the moved people被感动的人们 2.在时间上,现在分词表示正在进行的动作,过去分词表示已经完成的动作。 the developing country发展中国家 the developed country发达国家 the rising sun正在升起的太阳 the risen sun升起来的太阳 易混句式have sb.do sth.,have sb.doing sth.和have sth. done的区别 1.have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”,have可以用let,make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作,且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。 The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 2.have sb. doing sth.表示“使某人作出某种反应”或“劝说/命令某人做某事”;用于否定句时表示“允许/容忍某人做某事”。 Within minutes he had the whole audience laughing and clapping.短短几分钟内他就令全体观众欢笑、鼓掌。 3.have sth.done意为“让某事被别人做”,即ask sb.else to do sth.,过去分词(done)所表示的动作由他人(非主语本身)来完成。 The driver had his car washed once a week.这个司机一周让人洗一次车。 【真题链接】 1．（2011·上海·中考真题） As we all know, it’s not polite to keep others_________for a long time. A．wait B．waited C．to wait D．waiting 2．（2023·上海长宁·统考二模）I’m sorry I have kept you ________ for such a long time. The traffic was terrible. A．waiting B．wait C．waited D．to wait 3．（2023·上海奉贤·统考一模）When I was walking on the street, I saw a drone(无人机) ________ over my head. A．flies B．flying C．flew D．fly 4．（2022·上海徐汇·统考二模）When I walked past the music room, I heard someone ________ the piano in it. A．to play B．played C．playing D．play 5．（2022·上海浦东新·统考一模）I saw Tom ________ football with his classmates at three this afternoon. A．plays B．played C．playing D．to play 6．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测） — We didn’t find Tom ________ the lecture. — No one had told him about ________ a lecture the following day. A．to attend; there to be B．attending; there being C．attended; there be D．attend; there was 7．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）When the clerk saw a kind of face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood ________ to the ground, ________whether to stay or leave. A．rooted; wondering B．to be rooted; wonder C．rooting; to wonder D．to root; wondered 8．（2019上·上海虹口·九年级上外附中校考周测）The traffic rule says that young children under the age of four and ________less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat. A．being weighed B．to weigh C．weighed D．weighing 9．（2020上·上海浦东新·九年级校考阶段练习）On my way home, I always notice some children ________ around in the garden. A．ran B．to run C．running D．runs 10．（2019上·上海·九年级上海市民办新竹园中学校考阶段练习）At that time some boys ________ basketball on the playground. A．were seen playing B．were seen to play C．saw to play D．saw and played 11．（2019·上海虹口·九年级校考期中）The book he _______ on the table is still _______ there. A．lay, lying B．laid, laying C．lied, lying D．laid, lying 12．（2022上·上海宝山·九年级统考开学考试）There are altogether some 200 people in our village, the old people and children _________. A．including B．included C．are included D．are including 好题新题特训 1．（2025·上海闵行·三模）Mike offered ______ Mary to carry her suitcase, but Mary said she could manage it herself. A．to help B．help C．helping D．helped 2．（2025·上海虹口·三模）—What’s your plan for the summer holiday? —I’m considering ______ to Hainan Island for swimming lessons. A．go B．going C．to go D．went 3．（2025·上海金山·三模）The teacher asked the students to avoid ________ too many mistakes in the exam. A．made B．to make C．have made D．making 4．（2025·上海闵行·三模）Since it rained heavily, they had no choice but ________ the outdoor event. A．cancel B．to cancel C．cancelling D．to cancelling 5．（2025·上海闵行·三模）I can’t imagine ________ in a city without public transportation. A．live B．lived C．to live D．living 6．（2025·上海杨浦·三模）The politician denied ________ about his educational and working experience. A．lie B．lying C．to lying D．lied 7．（2025·上海杨浦·三模）The headmaster told us ________ any teacher or visitor who we walk past. A．greet B．to greet C．greeting D．greeted 8．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）We should consider ______ public transport to reduce air pollution. A．use B．used C．to use D．using 9．（2025·上海奉贤·二模）Drivers must avoid ________ their phones while on the road. It’s dangerous for passengers as well as themselves. A．use B．to use C．used D．using 10．（2025·上海虹口·二模）The aim of the music program is ________ all the students with the knowledge of music. A．provide B．to provide C．providing D．provided 11．（2025·上海嘉定·二模）Members of the Royal Family have often chosen ________ illness details with the public. A．didn’t share B．don’t share C．not sharing D．not to share 12．（2025·上海崇明·二模）Mr. More encouraged his students ________ creatively in order to solve the problem. A．think B．thought C．to think D．thinking 13．（2025·上海崇明·二模）The folk art lovers went on ________ paper cuttings, hoping to pass down this traditional skill. A．do B．did C．to do D．doing 14．（2025·上海浦东新·二模）I suggest ________ the new art museum in the city center this coming weekend. A．visit B．to visit C．visiting D．visited 15．（2025·上海青浦·二模）If you want to stay focused, you should avoid ________ your phone from time to time. A．check B．checked C．checking D．to check 16．（2025·上海青浦·二模）Our group set out ________ out flyers in our community to raise awareness about recycling. A．to be given B．giving C．give D．to give 17．（2025·上海闵行·二模）You need to practice ________ as much as possible to improve your oral English. A．to speak B．speak C．spoke D．speaking 18．（2025·上海闵行·二模）My dad believes that helping with the housework enables me ________ the family responsibility better. A．understand B．to understand C．understanding D．understood 19．（2025·上海宝山·二模）Yesterday afternoon, the old man warned some naughty boys ________ football near the busy street. A．not play B．not to play C．not playing D．don’t play 20．（2025·上海宝山·二模）The environmental club members suggested ________ plastic bottles for their recycling project to reduce waste. A．collect B．collected C．to collect D．collecting 21．（2025·上海长宁·二模）Christine refuses ________ her children to the weekend training centre for extra classes. A．sending B．to send C．sent D．send 22．（2025·上海静安·二模）The latest learning apps enable students ________ lessons at any time. A．review B．to review C．reviewed D．reviewing 23．（2025·上海静安·二模）Steven suggested ________ the reference books at once to finish our task. A．order B．to order C．ordering D．ordered 24．（2025·上海金山·二模）Mr. Taylor often says he prefers ________ volleyball to football. A．play B．to play C．playing D．played 25．（2025·上海金山·二模）Technology allows everyone ________ ideas, stories and photos from everywhere in the world. A．to share B．share C．sharing D．shares 26．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）Experienced teachers are generally in favor of ________ students to think independently in class. A．encourage B．to encourage C．encouraging D．encouraged 27．（2025·上海徐汇·二模）The zoo keeper allows the volunteers ________ the small animals under supervision. A．feed B．feeding C．to feed D．fed 28．（2025·上海松江·二模）Jane has trouble ________ when there’s too much noise around. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learnt 29．（2025·上海松江·二模）My dad advises me ________ to the news report every evening. A．listen B．to listen C．listening D．listened 30．（2025·上海普陀·二模）Julian is so helpful and he never minds ______ his notes with all of us. A．share B．sharing C．to share D．shared 31．（2025·上海杨浦·二模）He advised his team ______ the new machine thoroughly before showing it to the public. A．test B．to test C．testing D．tested 32．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习）She imagined ________ in her favourite chair back home. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．to sitting 33．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习）Bringing up children often requires you ________ their needs first. A．to put B．put C．putting D．to putting 34．（25-26九年级上·上海静安·阶段练习）The boy is good at ________ with people even if they are strangers. A．communicate B．communicating C．to communicate D．communicated 35．（25-26九年级上·上海浦东新·阶段练习）In my opinion, we have no choice but ________ new good products. A．produce B．producing C．to produce D．be produced 36．（25-26九年级上·上海徐汇·阶段练习）________ the importance of public health, many countries have invested heavily in ________ their disease prevention systems. A．Recognizing; improving B．Recognize; improve C．Recognized; improved D．To recognize; improving 37．（25-26九年级上·上海徐汇·阶段练习）People are advised to avoid ________ still water to prevent the spread of Chikungunya fever, as mosquitoes breed there. A．collect B．to collect C．collected D．collecting 38．（25-26九年级上·上海浦东新·阶段练习）The heavy rain made the children ________ at home all day. A．stay B．to stay C．stayed D．staying 39．（24-25九年级下·上海宝山·阶段练习）The school library encourages students ________ books from different genres. A．read B．to read C．reading D．reads 40．（24-25九年级下·上海宝山·阶段练习）The teacher doesn’t permit students ________ mobile phones in class. A．use B．using C．to use D．used 41．（24-25九年级下·上海普陀·阶段练习）You’d better stop ________ about the busy schedule and start to focus on time management. A．complain B．to complain C．complaining D．being complained 42．（24-25九年级下·上海普陀·阶段练习）Frank refused ________ on his dreams, no matter how many challenges he would face. A．giving up B．give up C．gave up D．to give up 43．（24-25九年级下·上海闵行·阶段练习）When talking with someone you’re not familiar with, we should avoid ________ topics like home address and other personal information. A．mentioning B．to mention C．mention D．mentioned 44．（24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中）Would you mind _________ the pictures for me? A．print B．to print C．printing D．prints 45．（24-25九年级上·上海宝山·期中）The singer was so angry that she refused _________ any questions. A．answer B．to answer C．answering D．answered 46．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）It stops their neighbours from ________ any sleep. A．not get B．get C．not getting D．getting 47．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）________ his goal, he always stayed up late to work hard. A．To achieve B．Achieve C．Achieving D．Achieved 48．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期中）Some people believe ________ organic tea is good for their health. A．drink B．drinking C．drank D．drunk 49．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Amy prefers ________ at home to ________ out at the weekend. A．stay; going B．staying; going C．staying; go D．stay; go 50．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期中）Tom speaks English so well. Because he practises ________ it every day. A．speaking B．speak C．speaks D．spoke 51．（24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）This program enables students ________ at their own pace. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learnt 52．（24-25九年级上·上海杨浦·期中）The piece of grass tied around the bird’s neck stops it from ________ the fish. A．swallow B．to swallow C．swallowing D．swallowed 53．（24-25九年级上·上海崇明·期中）He promised ________ enough sleep and a healthy diet. A．have B．to have C．had D．having 54．（24-25九年级上·上海崇明·期中）This will enable the audience ________ comfortably while watching the shows. A．sit B．to sit C．sitting D．sat 55．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期中）He showed great interest and spent much time ________ traditional Chinese culture. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 56．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期中）Pictures and sounds in the film enable us ________ the novel better. A．understand B．understanding C．understood D．to understand 57．（24-25九年级上·上海闵行·期中）Once he made a decision, nothing would make him ________ his mind. A．to change B．change C．changing D．changed 58．（24-25九年级上·上海浦东新·期末）Danny didn’t finish ________ his story until he thought of a good ending. A．write B．written C．to write D．writing 59．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）For our next holiday plan, Mum suggested ________ in the mountains. A．hike B．to hike C．hiking D．hiked 60．（24-25九年级上·上海黄浦·期末）—I don’t really want to go to work today. —Well, you are not allowed ________ whether to go or not. You have to. A．decide B．deciding C．to decide D．decided 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $