内容正文:
期中复习之书面表达10篇
(Units 1-2单元话题)
本资料共10篇专题训练,从上到下每单元依次对应5篇单元话题专题训练
单元
单元话题
Unit 1 The Changing World
时代变迁
Unit 2 Saving the Earth
环境保护
1.人口问题是一把“双刃剑”。过快的人口增长会带来社会问题,但是人口增长过慢同样也会给社会带来很多的问题。请大家根据下面的提示,以“The Population Problem”为题,写一篇文章分析这两方面的问题。
写作提示:
1. What problems can rapid population growth bring?
2. What problems can slow population growth bring?
3. What is your opinion?
写作要求:
1. 要点齐全,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅;
3. 不少于80词。
The Population Problem
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【答案】范文:
The Population Problem
Population growth is a double-edged sword.
Rapid population growth can lead to serious problems. First, it may cause shortages of resources like food, water, and energy. Second, overcrowding can increase unemployment and poverty. Third, it puts pressure on the environment, leading to pollution and deforestation.
On the other hand, slow population growth also brings challenges. An aging society means fewer young workers, which can weaken the economy. With fewer people paying taxes, governments may struggle to support healthcare and pensions. Businesses may also face labor shortages.
In my opinion, a balanced population growth rate is best. Governments should encourage sustainable development and fair policies to manage population issues effectively.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:一般现在时;
③提示:需围绕人口增长快慢带来的问题及个人观点写作,要涵盖要点,简洁表述,保证行文连贯且重点突出。
[写作步骤]
第一步,点明人口问题是“双刃剑”;
第二步,分别阐述人口增长过快和过慢带来的问题;
第三步,提出采取措施平衡人口增长的观点。
[亮点词汇]
①double-edged sword 双刃剑
②shortages of resources资源短缺
③pressure 压力
④lead to导致
⑤sustainable development可持续发展
[高分句型]
An aging society means fewer young workers, which can weaken the economy. (which引导的非限制性定语从句)
2.你是李华,你将要在学校演讲大赛上介绍自己家乡的变化,请写一篇题为“Changes in My Hometown”的演讲稿。词数80左右。
内容要点:
In the past
Nowadays
houses, crowded…
high buildings…
roads, narrow…
wide…
living conditions, poor…
comfortable…
…
…
注意事项:
(1)意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
(2)必须包含所提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入词数。
Changes in My Hometown
I am Li Hua. Today I would like to talk about the great changes in my hometown.
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【答案】例文
Changes in My Hometown I am Li Hua. Today I would like to talk about the great changes in my hometown.
In the past, people lived in crowded houses and the roads were narrow. Their living conditions were poor. But nowadays, there are many high buildings. The roads are wide and smooth. People’s living conditions have become comfortable. Transportation has become convenient. People used to go to work on foot, but now they can drive cars, take buses or subways.
I love my hometown and I’m proud of its changes. I hope it will become better and better.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本题是一篇演讲稿;
②时态:文章时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”以及“现在完成时”;
③提示:介绍自己家乡的变化,需要遵照所给要求,信息覆盖全面,适当补充细节。
[写作步骤]
第一步,说明自己演讲的主题是家乡变化,引出下文;
第二步,介绍家乡的种种变化,包括住房,公路,生活条件等,注意用词准确,行文流畅;
第三步,表达自己对于家乡的热爱和期待,总结全文。
[亮点词汇]
①in the past在过去
②nowadays现在
③used to…过去常常……
[高分句型]
①People used to go to work on foot, but now they can drive cars, take buses or subways.(but引导的表示转折关系的并列句)
②I hope it will become better and better.(宾语从句)
3.假如你是某国际学校的学生张宁。近年来,随着你们学校学生人数的不断增加,一些相关问题也随之出现。请你结合以下提示,给校长Mr. Smith写一封电子邮件,提一些建议。词数80左右。
Problems
Suggestions
wait a long time to get food during lunchtime
add more seating: create a bigger dining hall
not enough computers and lab equipment (设备) for everyone
provide more equipment
not enough space to play comfortably on the playground
have more space for outdoor activities
要求:
(1) 短文须包括提示中的所有要点,并适当发挥。
(2) 短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
(3) 词数80左右。(开头已给出,不计入总词数)
Dear Mr. Smith,
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to share some ideas about the problems caused by the increasing number of students at our school.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Thank you for considering my suggestions. I believe they will help make our school a better place for everyone.
Sincerely,
Zhang Ning
【答案】例文:
Dear Mr. Smith,
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to share some ideas about the problems caused by the increasing number of students at our school.
During lunchtime, we often wait a long time to get food. To solve this, we could add more seating and create a bigger dining hall. Besides, there aren’t enough computers and lab equipment for everyone. I think the school should provide more equipment. Also, we lack enough space to play comfortably on the playground. It would be great to have more space for outdoor activities.
Thank you for considering my suggestions. I believe they will help make our school a better place for everyone.
Sincerely,
Zhang Ning
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为电子邮件;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中关于学校相关问题及建议的要点,适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步,表明写作意图。借用“分享一些关于学校因学生人数增加而产生的问题的想法”来引出重点介绍的内容;
第二步,具体阐述写作内容。从“午餐时间等餐时间长、电脑和实验室设备不足、操场活动空间不足”几个方面重点介绍学校出现的问题,并针对这些问题给出“增加座位、扩建食堂、提供更多设备、增加户外活动空间”等建议;
第三步,书写结语。可表达“希望校长考虑这些建议”的愿望。
[亮点词汇]
①share sth. about sth.分享关于某事的一些想法
②a long time长时间
③To solve this为了解决这个问题
④Besides此外
⑤lack缺乏
⑥consider考虑
[高分句型]
①I’m writing to share some ideas about the problems caused by the increasing number of students at our school.(动词不定式作目的状语)
②I believe they will help make our school a better place for everyone.(省略that的宾语从句)
4.开学已经有好几周了,和以前相比你的学习和生活都变得更好了。请以I have changed for the better为题写一篇80词左右的作文,描述一下你与过去相比所发生的可喜的变化。
I have changed for the better
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【答案】例文:
I have changed for the better
Several weeks has passed since the new term started. Looking back, I’m delighted to find that I’ve changed for the better in both study and life.
In the past, I often procrastinated and left homework until the last minute. Now, I make a detailed plan every day and finish tasks on time. Also, I used to be shy and afraid to speak in public. But now, I actively take part in class discussions and school activities.
These changes make me more confident and efficient. I’ll keep moving forward!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇记叙文;
②时态:时态为“现在完成时”和“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点为描述与过去相比所发生的可喜的变化,考生应注意围绕这一主题展开,适当添加细节,并突出变化的具体内容。
[写作步骤]
第一步,表明写作意图。直接以“I have changed for the better”为题,引出下文对变化的描述;
第二步,具体阐述写作内容。从学习、生活等方面重点介绍自己与过去相比所发生的可喜变化;
第三步,书写结语。可简要总结这些变化带来的积极影响,或表达对未来继续保持的期望。
[亮点词汇]
①look back回顾
②make a detailed plan制定详细计划
③take part in参加
[高分句型]
Looking back, I’m delighted to find that I’ve changed for the better in both study and life. (宾语从句)
5.“双减”政策实施后,同学们的课余活动有了变化。某英文网站正面向全市中学生开展以“Changing Free-time Activities”为主题的征文活动,请用所给提示写一篇英语短文投稿,讲述所发生的变化及你的感受。
In the past:
do my homework;
no time for free-time activities;
attend many training courses;
Now:
develop hobbies;
do the housework;
do some volunteer work;
...
Benefits (益处):
relax;
learn knowledge and skills;
...
Your opinions:
注意事项:
1. 必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥;
2. 意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。
Changing Free-time Activities
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【答案】例文
Changing Free-time Activities
In the past, I had to do my homework and attend many training courses. There was no time for any free-time activities.
But since the Double Reduction policy was carried out, things have changed. I can develop my hobbies, such as reading and painting. I also help my parents do the housework. Sometimes, I do some volunteer work.
These changes are really great. I can relax myself and learn knowledge and skills from different activities. For example, when I do volunteer work, I can communicate with different people and learn how to get along with them. All these changes make my life more colorful and meaningful.
I hope this kind of life can continue. Moreover, I will make good use of my free time to improve myself.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇记叙文,为材料作文;
②时态:时态主要为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”;
③提示:文章应该包含所有提示要点,可适当补充细节,使文章内容充实;行文时多使用第一人称,适当运用短语和多样句型;写作中适当使用连接词,使行文连贯、顺畅。
[写作步骤]
第一步,对比铺垫——呈现“双减”前的课余状态;
第二步,核心转折——阐述“双减”后的课余变化;
第三步,价值升华——分析课余变化带来的积极意义;
第四步,总结展望——表达对现状的期待与未来的行动。
[亮点词汇]
①carry out 实施;执行
②make good use of 充分利用
[高分句型]
①I hope this kind of life can continue. (宾语从句)
②For example, when I do volunteer work, I can communicate with different people and learn how to get along with them. (when引导的时间状语从句)
6.假设你是李华,上周六你校环保社团开展了以“Green School Day”为主题的实践活动。请结合以下提示,用英语给朋友Judy写一封邮件,分享活动的目的、内容、感受以及你的校园环保行动计划。
(1)邮件中必须包括所给的内容要点,可适当发挥;
(2)邮件中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息;
(3)词数90词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Judy,
How’s it going? I would like to tell you something about our Green School Day. It’s part of the environmental education in our school.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
【答案】例文:
Dear Judy,
How’s it going? I would like to tell you something about our Green School Day. It’s part of the environmental education in our school. The purpose of this activity is to raise environmental awareness. Last Saturday, we had plenty of activities. First, we listened to a speech about environmental protection. Then we watched some videos that show how to protect the environment in daily life. After that, we made posters to call on more students to protect the environment. I think this activity was very meaningful because it made me realize that it’s important to protect the environment.
For my campus environmental action plan, I plan to save water and electricity in my daily life. Also, I will pick up rubbish that I see on the ground and put it into the dustbin.
Yours,
Li Hua
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般过去时”和“一般现在时”;
③提示:写作要点已给出,注意不要遗漏信息,考生结合自身经历,适当增加细节。
[亮点词汇]
①would like to想要做……
②in daily life在日常生活中
③pick up捡起
[高分句型]
①I think this activity was very meaningful because it made me realize that it’s important to protect the environment. (because引导的原因状语从句)
②Also, I will pick up rubbish that I see on the ground and put it into the dustbin. (that引导的定语从句)
7.为响应全面创建国家卫生城市的号召,学校开展了以“绿色城市,健康生活”为主题的英语征文活动。假如你是李华,请你根据以下提示,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文投稿,并发表自己的观点。
措施
骑车出行,减少(reduce)空气污染;
垃圾入箱,保持城市整洁(clean and tidy);
多种树木,保护环境。
观点
In my opinion…
注意事项:
1.必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
3.请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。
It’s everyone’s job to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version
It’s everyone’s job to make our city a better place. To respond to the call of building a national hygienic city, we can take some actions.
First of all, we should ride bikes instead of driving cars, which can reduce air pollution. Secondly, always put the rubbish in the bins so that we can keep our city clean and tidy. Finally, we should plant more trees because they can protect the environment.
In my opinion, as long as everyone plays a part, our city will surely become a green and healthy place to live.
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇议论文,为材料作文;
②时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③提示:根据提示内容进行写作,可适当增添细节,注意行文连贯,表述完整。
[写作步骤]
第一步,点明主题,表达创建绿色城市和健康生活是每个人的责任;
第二步,具体介绍如何创建绿色城市;
第三步,表达自己的观点。
[亮点词汇]
①take some actions采取措施
②first of all首先
③in my opinion在我看来
④as long as只要
[高分句型]
①First of all, we should ride bikes instead of driving cars, which can reduce air pollution. (which引导的定语从句)
②Finally, we should plant more trees because they can protect the environment. (because引导的原因状语从句)
③In my opinion, as long as everyone plays a part, our city will surely become a green and healthy place to live. (as long as引导的条件状语从句)
8.现如今,污染问题正变得越来越严重,人们赖以生存的环境也因此而变得越来越糟糕。请你根据以下要点和要求,以Pollution around us为题,写一篇英语短文。
要点:(1)我们身边有哪些污染;
(2)是什么造成了这些污染;
(3)这些污染带来了什么后果。
要求:(1)文章不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
(2)词数100左右。
Pollution around us
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【答案】范文
Pollution around us
Nowadays, pollution is becoming more and more serious. Our environment is getting worse and worse.
There are many types of pollution around us, such as air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution. Factories pour waste gas and water into the air and rivers. Car exhaust also causes air pollution. Loud traffic and machines lead to noise pollution. People throw rubbish everywhere, which leads to white pollution. These pollutions bring harmful results. People may get sick easily, and animals lose their homes.
From now on, let’s take action to protect our environment, make it more and more beautiful!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇材料作文;
②时态:“一般现在时”为主;
③提示:围绕污染的类型、原因和后果展开,注意不要遗漏要点,可适当添加细节,并突出写作重点。
[写作步骤]
第一步,引入污染问题的普遍性;
第二步,具体阐述污染类型、原因和后果;
第三步,简要总结或呼吁行动。
[亮点词汇]
①worse and worse越来越差
②such as例如
③lead to导致
④take action采取行动
[高分句型]
①There are many types of pollution around us, such as air pollution, water pollution, and noise pollution.(there be句型)
②People throw rubbish everywhere, which leads to white pollution.(which引导非限制性定语从句)
9.中国《政府工作报告》提出绿色低碳发展。作为新时代的青少年,我们应响应国家号召,共建绿色低碳家园,请以“Let’s Build a Green City Together!”为题,写一篇英语倡议书。
要求:
1. 书写认真规范,词数不少于 80词。开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2. 短文必须包括所有要点提示,语句通顺,意思连贯,可适当发挥;
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Let’s Build a Green City Together
As we all know, the environment is important to us. So it’s our duty to protect it. A green city is the key to a healthy life. Let’s take action now.
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【答案】例文
Let’s Build a Green City Together
As we all know, the environment is important to us. So it’s our duty to protect it. A green city is the key to a healthy life. Let’s take action now.
First, it’s important to have a green life. We should save water and electricity. When we leave a room, we should turn off the lights. We shouldn’t throw rubbish everywhere. We should use fewer plastic products. Second, green traffic is good for reducing air pollution. When we go to school, we can ride a bike or walk to school. Third, to make our city greener, we should plant more trees. We should also take part in more community activities to make our city clean and beautiful.
Let’s build a green city together!
【详解】[总体分析]
①题材:本文是一篇倡议书;
②时态:时态以“一般现在时”为主;
③提示:写作要点已给出,可适当添加细节,并突出写作要点。
[写作步骤]
第一步,表明写作意图,介绍环境对人类的重要性,呼吁大家一起行动;
第二步,从要点中给出的绿色生活、绿色交通、绿色家园三个方面写具体该怎样做;
第三步,书写结语,呼应主题。
[亮点词汇]
①turn off关闭
②be good for对……有好处
③take part in参加
[高分句型]
①When we leave a room, we should turn off the lights.(时间状语从句)
②We should also take part in more community activities to make our city clean and beautiful.(动词不定式作目的状语)
10.新鲜的空气对人类、动植物至关重要。随着工业的发展,空气污染已成为一个较为严重的问题。请就以下内容写一篇文章,词数80词左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
空气污染
原因
燃烧的汽油;化工厂;越来越多的汽车
影响
呼吸问题,致癌
建议
政府采取措施限制废气排放;多植树;宣传环保知识等
Fresh air is very important to human beings and animals. However, with the development of industry, air pollution has become a serious problem.
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【答案】例文
Fresh air is very important to human beings and animals. However, with the development of industry, air pollution has become a serious problem.
There are several causes for it. The burning of petrol from vehicles produces lots of waste gas. Chemical factories also release harmful substances into the air. Besides, more and more cars on the road make the problem worse.
Air pollution does great harm. It leads to breathing problems and even causes cancer.
We must take action. The government should limit waste gas emissions. We should plant more trees, too. Also, spreading environmental protection knowledge can raise people’s awareness. Let’s work together to fight pollution.
【详解】[总体分析]
① 题材:本文是一篇说明文,为材料作文;
② 时态:时态为“一般现在时”;
③ 提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意涵盖“原因、影响、建议”三部分内容,适当添加细节,并保持逻辑连贯。
[写作步骤]
第一步,引出话题,说明空气污染问题的严重性;
第二步,分析空气污染的主要原因并说明空气污染的危害;
第三步,提出解决建议;
第四步,总结呼吁共同行动。
[亮点词汇]
① release harmful substances 释放有害物质
② take action 采取行动
③ raise awareness 提高意识
[高分句型]
Also, spreading environmental protection knowledge can raise people’s awareness. (动名词短语作主语)
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期中复习之书面表达10篇
(Units 1-2单元话题)
本资料共10篇专题训练,从上到下每单元依次对应5篇单元话题专题训练
单元
单元话题
Unit 1 The Changing World
时代变迁
Unit 2 Saving the Earth
环境保护
1.人口问题是一把“双刃剑”。过快的人口增长会带来社会问题,但是人口增长过慢同样也会给社会带来很多的问题。请大家根据下面的提示,以“The Population Problem”为题,写一篇文章分析这两方面的问题。
写作提示:
1. What problems can rapid population growth bring?
2. What problems can slow population growth bring?
3. What is your opinion?
写作要求:
1. 要点齐全,语句通顺,语法正确,书写规范;
2. 可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅;
3. 不少于80词。
The Population Problem
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2.你是李华,你将要在学校演讲大赛上介绍自己家乡的变化,请写一篇题为“Changes in My Hometown”的演讲稿。词数80左右。
内容要点:
In the past
Nowadays
houses, crowded…
high buildings…
roads, narrow…
wide…
living conditions, poor…
comfortable…
…
…
注意事项:
(1)意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
(2)必须包含所提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入词数。
Changes in My Hometown
I am Li Hua. Today I would like to talk about the great changes in my hometown.
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3.假如你是某国际学校的学生张宁。近年来,随着你们学校学生人数的不断增加,一些相关问题也随之出现。请你结合以下提示,给校长Mr. Smith写一封电子邮件,提一些建议。词数80左右。
Problems
Suggestions
wait a long time to get food during lunchtime
add more seating: create a bigger dining hall
not enough computers and lab equipment (设备) for everyone
provide more equipment
not enough space to play comfortably on the playground
have more space for outdoor activities
要求:
(1) 短文须包括提示中的所有要点,并适当发挥。
(2) 短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。
(3) 词数80左右。(开头已给出,不计入总词数)
Dear Mr. Smith,
I hope this email finds you well. I’m writing to share some ideas about the problems caused by the increasing number of students at our school.
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Thank you for considering my suggestions. I believe they will help make our school a better place for everyone.
Sincerely,
Zhang Ning
4.开学已经有好几周了,和以前相比你的学习和生活都变得更好了。请以I have changed for the better为题写一篇80词左右的作文,描述一下你与过去相比所发生的可喜的变化。
I have changed for the better
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5.“双减”政策实施后,同学们的课余活动有了变化。某英文网站正面向全市中学生开展以“Changing Free-time Activities”为主题的征文活动,请用所给提示写一篇英语短文投稿,讲述所发生的变化及你的感受。
In the past:
do my homework;
no time for free-time activities;
attend many training courses;
Now:
develop hobbies;
do the housework;
do some volunteer work;
...
Benefits (益处):
relax;
learn knowledge and skills;
...
Your opinions:
注意事项:
1. 必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥;
2. 意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。
Changing Free-time Activities
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6.假设你是李华,上周六你校环保社团开展了以“Green School Day”为主题的实践活动。请结合以下提示,用英语给朋友Judy写一封邮件,分享活动的目的、内容、感受以及你的校园环保行动计划。
(1)邮件中必须包括所给的内容要点,可适当发挥;
(2)邮件中不得出现真实的人名、校名等相关信息;
(3)词数90词左右。邮件的开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Judy,
How’s it going? I would like to tell you something about our Green School Day. It’s part of the environmental education in our school.
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Yours,
Li Hua
7.为响应全面创建国家卫生城市的号召,学校开展了以“绿色城市,健康生活”为主题的英语征文活动。假如你是李华,请你根据以下提示,用英语写一篇80词左右的短文投稿,并发表自己的观点。
措施
骑车出行,减少(reduce)空气污染;
垃圾入箱,保持城市整洁(clean and tidy);
多种树木,保护环境。
观点
In my opinion…
注意事项:
1.必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2.意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范;
3.请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。
It’s everyone’s job to _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
8.现如今,污染问题正变得越来越严重,人们赖以生存的环境也因此而变得越来越糟糕。请你根据以下要点和要求,以Pollution around us为题,写一篇英语短文。
要点:(1)我们身边有哪些污染;
(2)是什么造成了这些污染;
(3)这些污染带来了什么后果。
要求:(1)文章不得出现真实姓名和学校名称;
(2)词数100左右。
Pollution around us
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9.中国《政府工作报告》提出绿色低碳发展。作为新时代的青少年,我们应响应国家号召,共建绿色低碳家园,请以“Let’s Build a Green City Together!”为题,写一篇英语倡议书。
要求:
1. 书写认真规范,词数不少于 80词。开头已给出,不计入总词数;
2. 短文必须包括所有要点提示,语句通顺,意思连贯,可适当发挥;
3. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名。
Let’s Build a Green City Together
As we all know, the environment is important to us. So it’s our duty to protect it. A green city is the key to a healthy life. Let’s take action now.
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10.新鲜的空气对人类、动植物至关重要。随着工业的发展,空气污染已成为一个较为严重的问题。请就以下内容写一篇文章,词数80词左右,开头已给出,不计入总词数。
空气污染
原因
燃烧的汽油;化工厂;越来越多的汽车
影响
呼吸问题,致癌
建议
政府采取措施限制废气排放;多植树;宣传环保知识等
Fresh air is very important to human beings and animals. However, with the development of industry, air pollution has become a serious problem.
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