UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

UNIT 2　Exploring English Section Ⅳ　Grammar 构词法 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 语法串烧 　　Last weekend①，I was traveling home from business.It was too late，so I decided to go to a hotel near the bus stop.At the entrance to the hotel，I met a man who was disabled②，and I made up my mind to offer him some help.He spoke to me and explained his past life when he was healthy③.He had worked in a car-factory④for five years.Then an accident left him disabled.While listening to his story，I realized that he had experienced⑤a lot in his life.I told him that although he was physically⑥ disabled，his heart was strong，and he could always depend on it.I offered him some money to buy food and drinks⑦ and then he went home.I have learnt that if you say a few good words and offer a little help to others，it will not only bring happiness⑧ to you，but it will also be in people’s hearts forever. 我的发现 返回 1.①和④中的黑体单词都是由两个词合在一起构成的一个新词，这种词叫________，这种构词法被称为________。 2．②、③、⑤、⑥、⑧中的黑体单词是在词根之前加上______，或在词根之后加上______，构成一个与原来单词意思相近或相反的单词，这种构词法被称为________。 3．⑦中的drink为______，意为“__________”，drink还可以用作动词，意为“________”。这是在不改变词形的前提下将一个词由一种词性转化为另外一种词性，这种方法被称为________。 合成词 合成法 前缀 后缀 派生法 名词 酒，饮料 喝，饮 转化法 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 　　许多英语单词的构成都有一定的规律，这种规律被称为构词法。掌握构词法知识对我们更好地理解词义、认识新词和扩大词汇量都有重要意义。英语中的构词法有合成法、派生法、转化法和缩略法四大类。 一、合成法 　　由两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词，这种构词法称为合成法。最常见的合成法包括：合成名词、合成形容词、合成动词。词与词之间有的用连字符连接，有的直接连接在一起。 1．合成名词的常见结构 构成方式 举例 构成方式 举例 名词＋名词 bedroom卧室；sportsman男运动员 名词＋动词-ing形式 handwriting书法； sightseeing观光 形容词＋名词 hardware硬件；midnight午夜 动词-ing形式＋名词 writing paper信纸；hiding place藏身处 构成方式 举例 构成方式 举例 动词＋名词 pickpocket扒手； playground操场 名词＋动词 snowfall降雪；sunrise日出 名词＋动词＋er storyteller讲故事的人；lawmaker立法者 名词＋介词＋名词 mother-in-law岳母，婆婆；son-in-law女婿 动词＋副词 get-together聚会； breakthrough突破 副词＋动词 outbreak爆发；income收入 温馨提示　(1)合成名词的复数形式通常是把前面的主体名词变复数。若没有主体名词，则在最后一个词后面加复数形式。例如：father-in-law→fathers-in-law，grown-up→grown-ups。 (2)由man或woman构成的合成名词变复数时，两个名词都要变成复数。例如：woman doctor→women doctors。 (3)由“名词＋名词”构成的复合名词，在变复数时，只变化中心名词，而修饰名词不变。例如：girlfriend→girlfriends。 2．合成动词的常见结构 构成方式 举例 名词＋动词 sleepwalk梦游；sunbathe日光浴 形容词＋动词 broadcast广播；ill-treat虐待 副词＋动词 overwork过度劳累；outnumber数目超过 3.合成形容词的常见结构 构成方式 举例 构成方式 举例 名词＋ 动词-ing形式 English-speaking讲英语的；peace-loving爱好和平的 名词＋过去分词 heart-broken伤心的；man-made人造的 名词＋形容词 snow-white雪白的；ice-cold冰冷的 形容词＋名词＋ed warm-hearted热心的；white-colored白色的 形容词＋ 动词-ing形式 ordinary-looking长相一般的；far-reaching影响深远的 形容词＋名词 short-term短期的；part-time兼职的 副词＋过去分词 well-known著名的；newly-published新出版的 数词＋名词＋形容词 three-year-old三岁的；300-meter-long 300米长的 巧学活用1 (1)写出下列合成词的汉语意思 ①salesman　　 ________ ②snow-white ________ ③hard-working ________ ④blacklist ________ ⑤roommate ______ ⑥undergo ______ 售货员 雪白的 勤劳的 黑名单 室友 经历 (2)将下列合成名词变为复数形式 ①daughter-in-law→__________________ ②go-between→_____________ ③man teacher→______________ ④Englishman→_____________ daughters-in-law go-betweens men teachers Englishmen 二、派生法 　　派生法指在词根之前加前缀或在词根之后加后缀构成一个与原来单词意义相近或相反的单词。除少数前缀外，前缀一般改变单词的意思，不改变词性；后缀一般改变单词的词性，但是并不引起词义的变化。 1．后缀 动词变 名词后缀 (1)-y　discover→discovery发现；injure→injury伤害 (2)-er/-or/-ar/-ee　beg→beggar乞丐；work→worker工人；educate→educator教育工作者；lie→liar撒谎者 (3)-ess　act→actress女演员；host→hostess女主人 (4)-al　arrive→arrival到达；refuse→refusal拒绝 (5)-ion/-sion/-ation　attract→attraction吸引(力)；pollute→pollution污染；decide→decision决定；invite→invitation邀请 (6)-ment　agree→agreement协议；move→movement运动 (7)-ance/-ence　appear→appearance外表；refer→reference参考 (8)-ure/-ture　fail→failure失败；mix→mixture混合物 (9)-ing　hear→hearing听力，听觉；begin→beginning开始 (10)其他　choose→choice选择；think→thought思想；思考 形容词变 名词后缀 (1)-y/-ty/-ity　difficult→difficulty困难；safe→safety安全；able→ability能力 (2)-cy　fluent→fluency流利；efficient→efficiency效率 (3)-th　warm→warmth温暖；true→truth真理 (4)-age　short→shortage缺少；marry→marriage婚姻 (5)-ship　hard→hardship艰苦 (6)-dom　wise→wisdom智慧；free→freedom自由 (7)-ness　happy→happiness幸福；kind→kindness仁慈 (8)-ence　silent→silence沉默；different→difference差异 动词、名词变形容词后缀 (1)-y　health→healthy健康的；taste→tasty美味可口的 (2)-ly　friend→friendly友好的；order→orderly整洁的 (3)-al　nature→natural自然的；tradition→traditional传统的 (4)-able　reason→reasonable合理的；comfort→comfortable舒适的 (5)-ive　act→active活跃的；effect→effective有效的 (6)-ful　forget→forgetful健忘的；wonder→wonderful精彩的；极好的 (7)-ous　danger→dangerous危险的 (8)-ern　east→eastern东方的；south→southern南方的 (9)-ish　self→selfish自私的；fool→foolish愚蠢的 (10)-en　wood→wooden木制的；wool→woollen羊毛的 形容词变副词后缀 (1)直接加-ly　certain→certainly肯定地；natural→naturally自然地 (2)以-y结尾的词，变y为i再加-ly　happy→happily高兴地；lucky→luckily幸运地 (3)以-le结尾的词，去e加y　terrible→terribly非常；simple→simply简单地；gentle→gently温柔地 形容词变动词的后缀 (1)-ize/-ise　modern→modernize使现代化；real→realize实现 (2)-ify　simple→simplify简化；pure→purify净化 (3)-en　wide→widen使变宽；sharp→sharpen使锋利 2．前缀 形容词变动词的前缀 en-　able→enable使能够；large→enlarge扩大 否定前缀 (1)un-　healthy→unhealthy不健康的；fair→unfair不公平的 (2)im-　possible→impossible不可能的；polite→impolite不礼貌的 (3)dis-　like→dislike不喜欢；agree→disagree不同意 (4)non-　native→non-native非本土的；stop→non-stop不停顿的；直达的 (5)mis-　understand→misunderstand误解；lead→mislead误导 (6)in-　formal→informal非正式的；convenient→inconvenient不方便的 (7)il-　legal→illegal非法的 (8)ir-　regular→irregular不规则的 其他意义 的前缀 (1)re-(重新)　write→rewrite重写；build→rebuild重建 (2)inter-(交互的)　act→interact互动；phone→interphone对讲机 (3)co-(共同)　writer→cowriter联合作者；operate→cooperate协作 (4)auto-(自动)　play→autoplay自动播放 (5)bi-(两个)　cycle→bicycle自行车；lingual→bilingual用两种语言(写)的 巧学活用2——判断下面句子的句子类型 ①They watched the train until it _____________ (disappear) in the distance. ②The twins were filled with ____________ (excite) as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother’s Day. ③It is different from _____________ (tradition) tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas. ④In order to ________ (rich) students’ after-school life，an exhibition of students’ traditional Chinese paintings is being held by our school. ⑤Wish you an _______________ (forgettable) time here! Thank you. disappeared excitement traditional enrich unforgettable 三、转化法 　　在词形不变的情况下，把一个单词由一种词性转换成另一种词性，而不加任何词缀，这种构词方法称为转化法。转化法种类很多，但数量最多的是由名词转化为动词和由动词转化为名词两大类。转换后的词义与转换前的词义通常有密切的联系，但有时差异也很大。例如： dream v．做梦→n.梦 look v．看→n.相貌 back n．后背→v.支持 air n．空气→v.通风 1．许多名词可转化为动词，意思也随之有些改变。如： chair(n.椅子→v.主持) hand(n.手→v.递，交) land(n.土地→v.着陆) cook(n.厨师→v.烹调) order(n.命令→v.订购) name(n.名字→v.取名) lift(n.电梯→v.举起) picture(n.画→v.描绘) press(n.报刊→v.挤压) nurse(n.护士→v.照料) smoke(n.烟→v.吸烟) stand(n.看台→v.站) 2．大量动词可转化为名词，有时意思没有太大改变。如： try(v.尝试→n.尝试) swim(v.游泳→n.游泳) sigh(v.叹气→n.叹气) cry(v.哭→n.哭) shout(v.呼喊→n.呼喊) kiss(v.吻→n.吻) 3．形容词转化为动词。如： better(adj.更好的→v.胜过；超过) calm(adj.平静的→v.使平静) cool(adj.凉快的→v.冷却) spare(adj.空闲的→v.节省) own(adj.自己的→v.拥有) close(adj.亲密的→v.关闭) slow(adj.慢的→v.减慢) last(adj.最后的→v.持续) 4．形容词转化成名词。如： cold(adj.冷的→n.感冒) back(adj.后面的→n.背部) quiet(adj.安静的→n.安静) calm(adj.平静的→n.平静) 5．形容词转化成副词。如： deep(adj.深的→adv.深深地) wide(adj.宽的→adv.广泛地) hard(adj.困难的→adv.努力地) well(adj.健康的→adv.很好地) 巧学活用3——写出下列句中加黑词的含义 ①He emptied the bottle.· ____________ ②Each young person must shoulder his responsibility. ____________ ③Open the windows to cool the room. ________________ ④You should picture to yourself the brilliant future ahead of us. ____________ ⑤The girl in black appears very beautiful. ____________ 腾空；倒空 肩负；承担 使凉快；使冷却 描绘；想象 黑色的衣服 　　缩略法是指把原词的章节加以省略或简化，从而在拼写和读音上都呈现出新的形式的构词方法。缩略法最常见的一种形式就是首字母缩略。例如： UN——the United Nations联合国 BBC——British Broadcasting Corporation英国广播公司 IOC——International Olympic Committee国际奥委会 MTV——Music Television音乐电视 AIDS——Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome艾滋病 NATO——the North Atlantic Treaty Organization北大西洋公约组织 四、缩略法 ①Voice of America →________ ②National Aeronautics and Space Administration →__________ ③World Trade Organization →________ ④United Nations Educational，Scientific and Cultural Organization →______________ 巧学活用4——写出下列词汇的缩略词 VOA NASA WTO UNESCO 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 维度一　先合成词，再填空(每小题2分，共12分) A．part，long，passer，film，well，get B．by，know，time，maker，term，together 1．It’s a good idea to start a ___________ job to make extra money. 2．Walt Disney，a great ____________，was born in Chicago. 3．We’re having a little ______________ to celebrate his birthday. 4．They often perform in the streets for the ____________． 5．I’m sure you will be ____________． 6．____________ use of fertilizers(肥料) can cause damage to land or people. part-time film-maker get-together passers-by well-known Long-term 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共18分) 1．他们同意下周进行一次面对面的会谈。 They agreed to __________________________ next week. 2．这个胖子几乎找不到一件合身的成衣。 The fat man can hardly find any ____________________ that fit him well. 3．我们中国人是爱好和平的人民，我们永远不会向别人宣战。 We Chinese are _____________________ and we’ll never declare war on others. 4．那位心不在焉的教授戴眼镜时总是把眼镜弄丢。 The _________________________ is always losing his glasses when wearing them. have a face-to-face talk ready-made clothes peace-loving people absent-minded professor 5．当我使用字典时，我把我学到的所有新单词都写在这个小笔记本上。 When I use my dictionary，I write down all the new words I learn _________________________． 6．玻璃窗在毫无征兆的情况下突然倒塌，造成五名路人受伤。 The glass window fell down all of a sudden without warning，and _________________ were injured. in this little notebook five passers-by 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题2分，共10分) 　　利用构词法知识，结合中英文提示补全短文 　　One day，when I 1.________(朝……走去)towards the classroom，I saw a girl standing at the door of it，crying.I was very 2.__________(confuse) and asked her what happened.Hearing this，the girl threw herself into my arms and told me she was 3.__________(想家的) and I reminded her of her mother.I hugged the 4.________________(伤心的) girl 5._________(tight) and touched her like a mother.It took her a few minutes to recover from her grief.Seeing her bright smile on her face，I smiled，too.I hope my hug could make her day. headed confused homesick broken-hearted tightly Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共6分) (2024·运城高一期中) 　　When I was ten years old，I went to the US to visit some family friends.We travelled all the way from California to Las Vegas.I noticed something funny about the way everyone spoke English.I was thinking，“This is the way they speak in films！” 素能提升练 　　At the beginning of the holiday，one of my friends asked me if I wanted to order “French fries”．I couldn’t imagine what French fries were.What was fried and French? Snails? Cheese? She was amazed that I had never tried them and she ordered a portion for us to share.When the waiter brought us some chips，I asked her where the French fries were.She pointed to the plate of chips! Later that week she said she was going to buy some “chips” from the supermarket.She came out with a packet of crisps! 　　During that holiday we were also offered “biscuits and gravy” with our lunch.This was a very strange idea to me，because in England biscuits are sweet.Gravy is a salty，meat-based sauce.I later realized that “biscuits” in America are savoury snacks.What we call “biscuits”，they call “cookies”． 　　One day，I saw an “eggplant” pizza on the menu in a restaurant! Eggs do not grow on plants，I thought.What on earth could an “eggplant” be? Something eggy and leafy? My dad ordered this pizza and it was covered in aubergines.I asked him where the “eggplant” was.He laughed and pointed to the aubergines.He told me，“They call this ‘eggplant’ in America！” 　　Although the same “language” may be spoken in different countries，there are likely to be many differences，not just in vocabulary but also in spelling，grammar and pronunciation! I think part of the excitement of learning a language is discovering the differences in how it is spoken in different places. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在美国旅行时发现英语在不同地区的发音、拼写和词汇方面存在差异的经历。 1．What can we learn from Paragraph 2? A．Holiday is a good time to relax. B．French fries are popular worldwide. C．The waiter provided poor service. D．Chips and crisps are the same food. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Later that week... a packet of crisps！”可知，chips和crisps是同一种食物。故选D。 √ 2．How did the author feel when seeing an “eggplant” pizza on the menu? A．Excited. B．Regretful. C．Anxious. D．Confused. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段内容可知，作者在餐馆的菜单上看到了“eggplant”披萨时感到非常困惑。故选D。 √ 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Advantages of travelling. B．High-end restaurants. C．Food and tradition. D．Cross-cultural misunderstanding. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述的是同一语言在不同国家也会存在差异并带来误解。故选D。 √ Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·广西玉林四校期中联考) It is odd that even native English speakers have trouble 1.____________(understand) the New Zealand accent (口音) sometimes! English is one of the official languages of New Zealand. However, the way Kiwis (新西兰人) speak English sounds rather different from the way it 2.________(speak) in the USA or the UK. The New Zealand accent is 3.__________(particular) special. Some people mistake it for the Australian accent but they're not quite the same. Here are some 4.________(example) ： understanding is spoken examples Vowels (元音) can sound very different in New Zealand English compared 5.______ American English or British English. For example, the word “kit” in New Zealand English sounds more like “cut”． The “r” sound is often very soft when Kiwis speak and sometimes 6.__ is hard to hear it at all! For example, the word “farm” sounds more like “faahm”. This can be confusing for people 7.________ have learned American English where the “r” sound is very clear. with/to it who/that In addition, Kiwis often speak with a rising tone (音调) at the end of 8.____(they) sentence, making it sound like they are asking a question. If you're talking to Kiwis and you're not sure what they're saying, don't be afraid to ask them 9.________(repeat) themselves slowly. Actually, Kiwis are very 10._______(friend) and are happy to help. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了新西兰口音很特别，他们说英语的方式听上去和美国人或英国人说英语的方式大不相同。 their to repeat friendly 1．答案：understanding       2．答案：is spoken 考查非谓语动词。have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，故本空应用动名词形式。 考查时态和语态。本句阐释客观事实，且句中的it指的是English，与动词speak之间为被动关系，故本空应用一般现在时的被动语态。 3．答案：particularly       4．答案：examples 考查副词。本空修饰形容词special，故应用副词particularly作状语，意为“尤其，特别”。 考查名词复数。根据空前some可知，本空应用名词复数形式。 5．答案：with/to   6．答案：it 考查介词。compared with/to意为“和……相比”，故本空应用介词with或to。 考查it作形式主语。分析句子可知，此处为“it is＋adj.＋to do sth.”句型，本空在句中作形式主语，后面的不定式短语作真正的主语，故本空应用it。 7．答案：who/that         8．答案：their 考查定语从句。设空处无提示词，空前为名词people，空后句子缺少主语，故推测设空处引导定语从句。先行词为people，本空在定语从句中作主语，指人，故应用关系代词who或that。 考查代词。本空修饰空后名词sentence，故应用形容词性物主代词their。 9．答案：to repeat       10．答案：friendly 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，故本空应用不定式作宾语补足语。 返回 考查形容词。本空在句中作表语，表示“友好的”，故填friendly。 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $