UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Grammar-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（外研版）

UNIT 1　A new start Section Ⅳ　Grammar 句子成分&基本句型 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 精研语法　巧点拨 2 课时测评 3 初识语法　品语篇 返回 　　 Some people think that sport does us good in many ways①.Not only does sport help people to stay fit and healthy②，but the competition and teamwork in sport also give people a lot of motivation for pushing themselves hard③.Others believe that sport is not the only way to do this. Eating well is a big part of a healthy life④. Meanwhile，sport can actually be dangerous.There are millions of people hurt each year in playing sport⑤，and some of them are hurt very seriously⑥. 语法串烧 ①句为________结构；that引导的从句作动词think的宾语； ②句为____________结构；动词不定式短语作宾语补足语； ③句为__________结构；主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语； ④句为________结构；动词-ing形式短语作主语；名词短语作表语； ⑤句为__________句型；真正的主语是millions of people； ⑥句为________结构；副词短语作状语。 我的发现 返回 主谓宾 主谓宾宾补 主谓宾宾 主系表 there be 主谓状 精研语法　巧点拨 返回 一、句子成分 　　组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。根据各部分在句子中所起的作用，可以把句子成分分为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 例句 主语 S(subject) 句子的主体，是谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由 “谁”发出 位于 句首 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、从句等 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 例句 谓语 V(verb) 谓语表示主语的行为或状态，谓语动词与主语在人称和数上必须保持一致 主语 之后 实义动词和系动词 We love China. He can speak English. We have finished reading this book. 宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后 名词(短语)、代词、数词、动词不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、从句等 The children are flying kites. Do you mind passing me the dictionary？ 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 例句 直接宾语 DO(direct object) 表示动作的对象、承受者或后果，一般是物 动词后 名词、代词 She gave him a book. Tom passed her a ruler. 间接宾语 IO(indirect object) 表示动作是向某人或为某人做的，一般是人 动词后 名词、代词 Mum bought me a sweater. He taught us Chinese. 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 例句 表语 P(predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动 词后 名词、形容词、介词短语、分词(短语)、动词-ing形式(短语)、动词不定式(短语)、从句等 His words sounded reasonable. She is in good health. My father is a professor. 宾语补足语 OC(object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后 名词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)等 He has proved himself experienced. My mother always keeps everything in good order. I heard the telephone ringing. 成分 意义 位置 可充当词 例句 定语 Attri. (attributive) 修饰、限制名词或代词 修饰词的前面 或后面 名词、代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式(短语)、分词(短语)、从句等。 These are apple trees. The men here are always busy working on the farm. 状语 A(adverbial) 说明动作 “何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置 灵活 副词、介词短语、动词不定式(短 语)、分词(短语)、从句等 I’m very pleased to see you. I’ll be back in a while. Having had a quarrel with his wife，he left home in a bad temper. 标出下面句子的成分(用S，V，O，P，A，DO，IO，OC) 巧学活用1 S A A V S A A V O S V OC O S V S V IO DO 二、基本句型 　　按照结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫作简单句。简单句有7种基本句型： 1．S＋V(主谓结构) 这种句式是英语中最简单的句式，句中的动词大多为不及物动词，其后不能接宾语。常见的不及物动词有：apologize，appear，arrive，come，die，disappear，dive，exist，fall，flow，happen，rise等。 (1)The temperature has changed.温度变了。 (2)The car won’t start.这车发动不起来。 2．S＋V＋O(主谓宾结构) 英语中绝大多数及物动词只带一个宾语，这种动词叫单宾语及物动词。常见的单宾语及物动词有accept，borrow，cover，defeat，defend，destroy，discover，enjoy，explain，forget，invent，love，post，raise，use等。 (1)He has accepted our invitation. 他已接受了我们的邀请。 (2)He pretended not to see us. 他假装没有看见我们。 (3)She usually puts off carrying out her promise. 她通常推迟履行她的诺言。 3．S＋V＋P(主系表结构) 这种句型结构主要指谓语动词为连系动词的情况。 (1)Man’s love of wonder is the seed of our science. 人类对于不可思议之事物的爱好，是我们科学的根本。 (2)His voice sounded strange to her. 他的声音在她听来有些奇怪。 (3)He became a teacher of English. 他成了一位英语教师。 (4)We should remain modest at any time. 任何时候我们都应保持谦虚。 名师点津　英语中的系动词有：be动词、感官动词(look，smell，taste，feel，sound等)、表变化类动词(如get，become，turn，go，grow，come等)、表保持类动词(如keep，stay，remain等)。 4．S＋V＋IO＋DO(主谓间接宾语直接宾语结构) 有些及物动词，如：bring，buy，give，offer，pass，show等，可以有两个宾语，这两个宾语通常一个指人(间接宾语)；一个指物(直接宾语)。 (1)My sister told me a long story. 我姐姐给我讲了一个很长的故事。 (2)Mother bought me a coat yesterday. 妈妈昨天给我买了一件外套。 5．S＋V＋O＋OC(主谓宾宾补结构) 有些及物动词只带宾语句子意义仍不完整，还需要带一个补足语来进一步说明宾语的情况，从而使句子意思完整明确。宾语和宾语补足语构成复合宾语，逻辑上有主谓关系。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式、过去分词、介词短语等。 (1)We all call the baby Sarah. 我们都叫这个婴儿萨拉。 (2)They made her happy. 他们让她快乐。 (3)Will you ask Mary to help us? 你能让玛丽帮我们吗？ (4)I often hear her sing the German song in her lovely voice. 我时常听到她用迷人的声音唱这首德国歌曲。 (5)She kept us waiting for her answer for over a week. 她让我们等她的答复等了一个多星期。 (6)I will have all my clothes washed this afternoon. 今天下午我将把所有衣服都洗完。 6．S＋V＋A(主语＋不及物动词＋状语) (1)My parents live in Taipei. 我的父母住在台北。 (2)The toys were lying all over the floor. 玩具摆满了地板。 (3)The play has run for more than two years. 这个剧连续演了两年多。 7．S＋V＋O＋A(主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋状语) (1)The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground. 大风把落叶从地面上刮了起来。 (2)They know us very well. 他们非常了解我们。 (3)He brought his brother to see me. 他带他弟弟来见我。 名师点津　存现句：there be... 该句式主要用来表达“(某处)有某物、某人或某事”，there无实际意义。be动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的名词或代词一致。be动词还可以用stand，live，remain，exist等替换，用来表示静止、存在等概念。 (1)There is a writing desk，a computer and piles of books in the room. 屋子里有一张写字台、一台计算机和成堆的书。 (2)There lives a family of five upstairs. 楼上住着一个五口之家。 (3)There remains nothing more to be done. 没有什么其他事可做了。 ①I will spend the summer holiday in the countryside. ______________ ②All this will be interesting and good for my health. __________ ③In the countryside I can enjoy a comfortable and quiet life. ______________ ④I can hear birds singing in the green trees. ________________ ⑤The best fish swim near the bottom. ____________ ⑥My father bought me a new bicycle. ________________ ⑦The whole class laughed. _______ 巧学活用2——判断下面句子的句子类型 S＋V＋O＋A S＋V＋P S＋V＋O＋A S＋V＋O＋OC S＋V＋A S＋V＋IO＋DO S＋V 知识网络 返回 课时测评 返回 维度一　写出画线部分在句中所作的句子成分(每小题1分，共10分) 1．The question is that no one knows the location of the new hospital． ______ 2．To be or not to be is a question. ______ 3．His confidence enabled him to finish the task successfully． ____________ 4．The class teacher had us clean the classroom yesterday. ____________ 5．Is he the man who wants to see you？ ______ 6．This book gives me some ideas on how to make friends． ______ 7．I feel it our duty to serve the people heart and soul． ______ 8．What you explained just now didn’t satisfy me. ______ 9．We must get together again some day． ______ 10．If I am not busy tomorrow，I will play football with you. ______ 语境基础练 表语 主语 宾语补足语 宾语补足语 定语 宾语 宾语 主语 状语 状语 维度二　语法与写作(每小题3分，共18分) 1．你会发现英语很容易学。(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语) ________________________________________ 2．这个新实验确实很有趣。(主语＋系动词＋表语) _____________________________________________ 3．校园里有几个美丽的花园。(there be) _______________________________________________ 4．现在在中学里这种活动变得很受欢迎。(主语＋系动词＋表语) __________________________________________________________ You will find English easy to learn. The new experiment was really interesting. There are a few beautiful gardens on campus. Nowadays this activity is becoming very popular in high schools. 5．我们尚未决定什么时候再讨论这个问题。(主语＋谓语＋宾语) _________________________________________________________ 6．奶奶昨晚送给我一个非常漂亮的布娃娃。(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语) ___________________________________________________ We haven’t decided when to discuss the problem again. Granny gave me a very beautiful doll last night. 维度三　语法与语篇(每小题3分，共18分) 　　根据提示，使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面语段。 　　Good morning，everyone! It’s a great honor for me to introduce myself to all of you.My name is Serena and 1._________________________(我十五岁了→SVP). I’m fifteen years old 　　2．__________________(我来自大连→SVA) which is a beautiful and attractive place. I wish you can visit it and I believe that 3.__________________ (会给你留下深刻印象→SV).English and movies are my favorites 4.______________________________(它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOOC).5.____________________ (我喜欢交友→SVO)，especially the ones who share common interests with me.And I think we can have much to share and talk about. 6.____________________________________(我希望能和我的朋友一起进步→SVOA).Thank you. I come from Dalian you will be impressed which can help me learn and relax I like making friends I hope to make progress with my friends Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2分，共8分) 　　(2025·云南高一期中) 　　It was an oral English class and in front of us was standing our teacher Linda，who was a university student from the US.Somehow we came to the point whether any of us could sing an English pop in front of the class.You know，maybe three or more out of ten Chinese students are shy in class.As a result，there was silence in class for quite a while，which made everybody feel rather embarrassed，including the teacher. 素能提升练 　　I was a shy boy.However，just at that moment，a great idea struck me suddenly.“Seize the opportunity! Seize the opportunity! Yes，there couldn’t be a better opportunity，” I said to myself.“Why not seize it? Why should I have always to be the guy regretting missing the opportunity just because of shyness？” Yes，maybe I should have a try. 　　So I raised my hand.And I remember that it took me quite a while to think what the song’s name was.Though I sang no more than five sentences because of forgetting the lyrics (歌词)，their clapping hands told me that I did the job well.Later，I got a gift and I was really happy. 　　I think that is one of the most unforgettable moments in my life.Through this experience，I’ve also got to know that we should believe that we can do the job well，no matter how difficult it seems for us.Just have a little more courage. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己上学时一段难忘的经历，通过这段经历，感悟到我们需要勇气相信我们能够做好事情。 1．Where was the English teacher Linda from? A．Australia. B．America. C．Canada. D．England. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“It was an oral English class... student from the US.”可知，英语老师琳达来自美国。故选B。 √ 2．Why did the author raise his hand in class? A．He wanted to sing an English song. B．He would like to ask an English question. C．He wished to ask his classmate to sing. D．He hoped to recite the lyrics of an English pop song. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Somehow we came to... in front of the class.”和第二段内容可知，作者在课堂上举手，是因为他想唱一首英文歌。故选A。 √ 3．After the teacher asked the students to sing an English pop song，_______. A．a few began to sing one by one B．many students wanted to have a try C．almost all the students were excited D．the students kept silent for some time 细节理解题。根据第一段中“As a result，there was silence...including the teacher.”可知，在老师让学生们唱一首英语流行歌曲之后，学生们沉默了一段时间。故选D。 √ 4．What does the author want to tell us in the text? A．Students should be active in class. B．Hard work can help people succeed. C．People need courage to overcome difficulties. D．Being helpful can benefit oneself and others. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Through this experience... a little more courage.”可知，作者想告诉我们人们需要克服困难的勇气。故选C。 √ Ⅱ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2024·南京高一期中) 　　With my high school life 1.________(begin)，I feel a little anxious right now.I hope to make a good first 2.__________(impress).But I wonder whether I will make friends or what if no one 3.________(talk) to me. 　　To tell the truth，the math class was difficult for me，4.________ the teacher was kind and friendly.He told 5.________(we) a funny story and every student laughed so much! In the afternoon，we had our chemistry class in the science lab.The lab is new and the lesson was 6.__________(interest)，but the guy next to me tried to talk to me the whole time.Therefore，I couldn’t concentrate 7.________ the experiment.I 8.________(real) wanted to tell him to be quiet and leave me alone! beginning impression talks but us interesting on really 　　All in all，the first day is 9._____ wonderful day.Though I was worried in the morning，I didn’t feel awkward or frightened at all.I believe I will make new friends in the new school here and there’s a lot 10.__________(explore) at senior high.I think that tomorrow will be a great day! 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者上高中的第一天，虽然在早晨有点担忧，但经过一天的生活，作者对未来的高中生活又开始有所期待了。 a to explore 1．答案：beginning       2．答案：impression 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，前半句为with复合结构，在整个句子中作伴随状语，名词词组my high school life 和 begin之间是主动关系，应用动词-ing形式，故填beginning。 考查词性转换。make a good first impression意为“留下好的第一印象”，故填impression。 3．答案：talks     4．答案：but      5．答案：us 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合语境和 wonder可知，此处为一般现在时，分析句子可知，talk 是本句的谓语，主语 no one是第三人称单数，故填talks。 考查连词。分析句子可知，前后两句为转折关系，故填but。 考查代词。分析句子可知，设空处为动词told的宾语，应用 we的宾格形式，故填us。 6．答案：interesting       7．答案：on     8．答案：really 考查词性转换。分析句子可知，设空处在 be动词后，应用形容词作表语，意为“有趣的”，故填interesting。 考查介词。短语 concentrate on 意为“集中精力于……”，故填on。 考查副词。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词wanted，作状语，应用副词形式，故填really。 9．答案：a         10．答案：to explore 考查冠词。分析句子可知，day为可数名词，并且前面有形容词修饰，泛指“美好的一天”，应用不定冠词，且wonderful发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 返回 考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，设空处修饰a lot，作定语，表示“将要”，应用动词不定式，故填to explore。 谢 谢 观 看 ！ 返回 $