UNIT 4 Section Ⅳ Reading for Writing and other parts-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（人教版）

UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 主题语境：人与社会——未来生活 Section Ⅳ　Reading for Writing and the other parts 内容索引 语基自查 固根基 1 语基讲练 提能力 2 写作研读 学技法 3 课时测评 4 语基自查 固根基 返回 1.water ______ 水管 2._________ cheerfully 愉快地吹口哨 3.keep ______ 保持镇静 4._______ the floor 清扫地板 5.huge _______ 巨浪 核心单词——练通 pipe whistle calm sweep waves 1._______ n.电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 →powerful adj.强有力的；强壮的 →powerless adj.无能为力的 2.________ vi.& vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打 n.罢工；罢课；袭击 →striking adj.惊人的；显著的；引人注目的 3._________ vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表 →delivery n.递送；交付 拓展单词——用活 power strike deliver 4._________ n.总结；概括；概要 →summarize vt.& vi.总结；概括 5.________ n.长；长度 →long adj.长的 →lengthen vt.&vi.(使)变长 summary length 规律方法 1.规律：动词＋后缀-y构成名词 示例：deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表→delivery n.递送；交付　discover vt.发现→discovery n.发现 2.规律：名词＋后缀-ize构成动词 示例：summary n.总结；概括；概要→summarize vt.& vi.总结；概括　memory n.记忆→memorize vt.记住；记忆 阅读单词——识记 1.the emergency room ______室 2.first aid kit ________ 3.turn the tap on 打开________ 4.crash into a tree ____上一棵树 急诊 急救箱 水龙头 撞 重点短语——再现 第一组　汉译英 1.现有(尤指帮助) _________ 2.消灭；彻底消除 ____________ 3.保持镇静 ___________ 4.搭起 ________ 第二组　英译汉 5.stay away from ______ 6.at least ______ 7.be expected to __________________ 8.carry out ____________ on hand sweep away stay calm put up 远离 至少 预期，预计；有望 执行，实行 典型句式——默背 根据课文语境及汉语提示补全句子 1.句型公式　动词-ing形式短语作结果状语 教材原句　The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，________________ ______________ (造成6 500多人死亡)in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. 2.句型公式　be doing ...when ...正在做……，这时(突然)…… 教材原句　_____________________________________________ (我正在和三个孩子吃早饭，这时)water started filling my home. 返回 killing more than 6，500 people I was having breakfast with my three children when 语基讲练 提能力 返回 Ⅰ. 核心词汇练全 wave n.海浪；波浪 vi.&vt.挥手；招手 (教材原句)Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0. 渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9级强震所引起的巨浪卷走了。 【佳句】 Huge waves are breaking on the shore.(读后续写之环境描写) 巨浪拍打着海岸。 1 归 纳 wave goodbye to sb 向某人挥手告别 向某人挥手 【练透】——语段填空/句型转换 ①On the first day of school，she nervously __________________ (挥手告别) her parents. ②He ______________ (挥手) us as the bus drove off. ③__________________________________(用wave的名词性短语改写句②) waved goodbye to waved to/at He gave us a wave as the bus drove off. strike vi.&vt.(struck，struck/stricken)侵袭；突击；击打n.罢工；罢课；袭击 (教材原句)The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a.m.，Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.星期日上午7点左右，在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西岸附近海域发生海底地震。 【佳句】 Terror and death struck，and her heart was beating painfully fast.(读后续写之心理描写) 恐怖和死亡袭来，她的心脏跳动得非常快，充满了痛苦。 2 归 纳 be struck by 被……打动/迷住了 strike ...into one’s heart 使……刻骨铭心 某人突然想起…… 【练透】——单句语法填空/语段填空/一句多译 ①__________________ (strike)by the beauty of the West Lake，we stopped to admire it. ②__________________ (我突然想到) I would have an important meeting in Shanghai the next day. ③我突然想到了一个好主意。 →A good idea ___________.Why not invite her to our program？ →I ____________________.Why not invite her to our program？ Struck/Stricken It struck me that struck me struck on a good idea effect n.影响；结果；效果(effective adj.有效的；起作用的) (经典例句)(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)Furthermore，language skill gaps could have an effect on oral practice. 此外，语言技能差距可能对口语练习的效果有影响。 【佳句】 I feel much affection for my mum，whose words and actions have a positive effect on me.(读后续写之人物介绍) 我深爱我的妈妈，她的言行对我有着积极的影响。 3 归 纳 have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响 come into effect 生效 in effect 事实上 【练透】——语段填空/单句语法填空/应用文写作之建议信 ①The new school rules will ________________ (生效) next term. ②The changes were small，but ___________ (事实上)，they made a big difference. ③Go outdoors and play team games with your friends，which is an ___________(effect)way to get rid of anger. ④规律的运动对一个人的健康有积极影响。 Regular exercise __________________________ one’s health. 中国元素　During his lifetime，Li Bai wrote a great number of excellent poems，which have a great effect on Chinese culture.李白一生创作了大量优秀的诗歌，对中国文化产生了巨大的影响。 come into effect in effect effective has a positive effect on/upon Ⅱ. 典型句式讲透 句型公式：be doing sth when...意为“正在做某事，这时(突然)……” (教材原句)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，这时家里开始灌水。 【佳句】 The children were playing football on the playground when it began to rain.(读后续写之天气、动作描写) 孩子们正在操场上踢足球，这时突然下起了大雨。 归 纳 when在此处是并列连词，表示“这时(突然)”，常用句型有： be doing...when...正在做……，这时(突然)…… be about to do...when...正要做……，这时(突然)…… had just done...when...刚做过……，这时(突然)…… 【练透】——完成句子 ①这位老人正在散步，这时突然看到了远处升起的烟。 The old man ________________________ he saw smoke rising in the distance. (读后续写之动作、环境描写) ②他正要放弃时，这时被救援人员发现了。 He _________________________ he was found by rescue workers.(读后续写之动作、心理描写) ③这些幸存者刚刚从被毁的房子里逃出来它就倒塌了。 These survivors _________________________ the destroyed house ______ it collapsed.(读后续写之动作描写) 返回 was having a walk when was about to give up when had just escaped from when 写作研读 学技法 返回 The Daily News TSUNAMI HITS ASIA：OVER 6，500 DEAD By Robert Woodhouse　Monday，27 December 2004 The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday，killing more than 6，500 people in Indonesia，India，Thailand，Malaysia，and at least four other countries. Fishermen，tourists，hotels，homes，and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a.m.，Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia’s Sumatra Island.In that area alone，at least 1，870 people were killed. NO.1　单元写作——概要写作 原文呈现 In Sri Lanka，some 1，600 kilometres west of the quake centre，the number of deaths stood at 2，498，and one million more were affected by the tsunami，government officials said.Indian officials said as many as 1，900 had been killed along the southern coast.Another 254 were found dead in Thailand and 54 in three other countries.In southern Thailand，1，900 people were hurt and many more were missing，local officials said.“I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.We had to leave everything and run to safety，” said Chandra Theeravit，a local Thai woman. Thousands of people are still missing，and the number of deaths is expected to grow even higher over the next few days.Foreign aid is being organised for the tsunami-hit countries.However，dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies. Summary： 学语言 1.第一段第二句中用“sweep”一词要比使用“wash”更高级，形象地表达出了海浪造成破坏的严重程度；第一段中使用了that引导的定语从句，动词-ing形式短语作状语，动词-ed形式短语作定语等，这些高级句式的运用使得文章句式灵活多变。 2.第二段第三句中“Another”一词再次强调死亡人数的增加；使用了be doing...when等高级句式彰显了较强的语言功底。 3.第三段第一句中“Thousands of”一词表达了海啸造成的死亡人数 之多。 名师圈点 知结构 1.第一段使用了列数字的写作手法，使新闻报道更具体、更准确。通过列数字不仅增加了说服力，也使读者便于理解。这也是说明文常用的写作 手法。 2.第二、三段主要运用 and，however等衔接词从细节方面详细介绍了海啸造成的破坏以及给救援工作带来的困难。 3.本文共提炼出三个要点，第一个要点揭示了事件发生的时间、地点和受灾情况；第二个要点说明事件造成的人员伤亡；第三个要点描述救援行动的情况。本文的语言简明扼要且要点齐全，原报道中的大量数字、被采访者的话语均被省去，并换用其他语句进行表达，使得文本高度凝练且表达有力。 情境任务写作 一、题型特点 概要写作是一种阅读和写作并重的英语高考题型，有准确性、完整性、概括性、客观性、个体性等特点。概要写作提供一篇350词以内的短文，要求考生在对原文阅读后根据其内容写出一篇60词左右的内容概要。概要所用语句既要用词准确、结构合理、语意连贯、不得抄写原文，又要能完全概括出文章的中心大意。 仿写作 二、注意事项 1.词数要限制在60词左右，上下限不得超过10个单词。 2.要根据文章的体裁特点进行概要写作。 3.人称和时态要与所给文章中的人称和时态保持一致，但必要时也可变换成第三人称。 4.写作时尽可能地使用复合句，必要时可转换词性，不得照抄原文。 三、写作四部曲 1.确定体裁，明确主题及结构 体裁 结构 记叙文 人物＋时间＋地点＋事件(起因＋发展＋结果) 说明文 事物的性质功能：对象＋性质功能＋利于问题的解决方法或措施；问题＋解决方法现象类：现象＋原因＋结果 议论文 主题＋补充论据(＋结论) 2.确定主题句，找关键信息 画出每一段的主题句，抓住关键信息，忽略次要信息。 3.改写关键信息，得出要点 使用意义相同或相近的单词、短语或句式，或使用不同的句子结构表达同一意思，如改变语态、肯定变否定等，避免抄袭原文句子。 4.添加连接词，使行文连贯 要牢记各段落要点之间的逻辑关系和自然衔接，用恰当的关联词去连贯全文。常用的关联词有：however，besides，in addition，therefore，instead等。 四、典例展示 阅读下面短文，根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。 It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园)like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms，classrooms and athletic equipment and，of course，the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses，and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life，and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact，a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited their campus，and obviously，if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility，but if you live nearby，go check it out！ If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses，and the things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit. Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers，students，and college counselors (顾问)，and it won’t cost you a penny！ You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com.While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit，it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend. 五、四步成文 第一步　审题谋篇 体裁 议论文 主题 探访申请大学 框架 主题＋补充论据1、2、3 第二步　画主题句，找关键信息 Para.1 (1)主题句： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (2)关键信息：____________________________________________ Para.2 (3)主题句： ________________________________________________________________ (4)关键信息：______________________________ It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area. visit the schools in your local area Para.3 (5)主题句： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (6)关键信息： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply，at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend. at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend Para.4 (7)主题句： ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ (8)关键信息：_____________________________ Now，if time and money are making it impossible，then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. check out the online college fairs 第三步　词句升级 Para.1 (1)写出下列词语的同义词 ①good idea→____________ ②visit→_____________ (2)改写关键信息 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ worthwhile pay a visit to It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying. Para.2 (3)将后置定语改为前置定语 the schools in your local area→____________ schools (4)改写关键信息 ________________________________________________________________ Para.3 (5)写出下列词语的同义表达 ①at the very least→__________ ②would like to attend→____________ (6)改写关键信息 ________________________________________________________________ your local Undoubtedly，you should visit your local colleges. at least want to go At least，you should visit the school you want to go to. Para.4 (7)同义句转换 ①if time and money are making it impossible →if you ____________ time and money ②check out the online college fairs →_______ the online college fairs (8)改写关键信息 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ are short of visit If you are short of time and money，visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand schools. 第四步　连句成篇 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.(要点1)Undoubtedly，you should visit your local colleges.(要点2)At least，you should visit the school you want to go to and know its real conditions in advance.(要点3)If you are short of time and money，visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand schools.(要点4) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 (2025·广西部分名校高一联合检测卷) When Quinn was nine，she found herself in the midst of an unexpected and challenging situation.Her parents，who had gone on an overseas journey，left her under the care of her grandmother，who had long been living in Connecticut and was invited to Ohio to stay with Quinn.This arrangement was supposed to be a temporary yet enriching experience for both Quinn and her grandmother.However，things changed later. NO.2　读后续写——“划读”“构思” Just days before Quinn’s 10th birthday，a rare and powerful natural event—an Icelandic volcano (火山)，broke out，grounding all European flights and stranding (使滞留) her parents in Europe.This unforeseen accident not only disrupted (使中断) their travel plans but also might ruin the fun of Quinn’s big birthday.For this reason，Quinn’s father felt sorry，but he made a heartfelt promise to her that her birthday would still be memorable and special though they couldn’t manage to be present. To cheer Quinn up，on the eve of Quinn’s birthday，her grandmother announced that she had a special plan to make Quinn’s birthday unforgettable. She assured Quinn that everything was under control and that she just got a good night’s sleep for the big day ahead.This news left Quinn curious and excited，wondering what kind of surprise her grandmother had prepared for her. The next morning，Quinn awoke early，and she simply couldn’t wait to find out what birthday surprise she would get.However，she searched every corner in the house but couldn’t find her grandmother.Then she found a note from her grandmother on the table，in which her grandmother explained that she had to step out for a while.Quinn felt upset at the thought of her grandmother not being there.But then a spark of curiosity and excitement ignited (点燃) within her.She wondered what kind of wonderful surprise her grandmother could have possibly arranged.Was it a gift？ A special outing？ Or perhaps something even more unique？ 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 As Quinn was lost in thinking，the doorbell rang.___________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ As the day Quinn celebrated her birthday with her friends drew to a close，her father called from Europe._________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：划读语篇(阅读文本，根据右栏中提示划出文中关键信息) When Quinn was nine，she found herself in the midst of an unexpected and challenging situation.Her parents，who had gone on an overseas journey，left her under the care of her grandmother，who had long been living in Connecticut and was invited to Ohio to stay with Quinn.This arrangement was supposed to be a temporary yet enriching experience for both Quinn and her grandmother.However，things changed later. Just days before Quinn’s 10th birthday，a rare and powerful natural event—an Icelandic volcano (火山)，broke out，grounding all European flights and stranding (使滞留) her parents in Europe.This unforeseen accident not only disrupted (使中断) their travel plans but also might ruin the fun of Quinn’s big birthday.For this reason，Quinn’s father felt sorry， but he made a heartfelt promise to her that her birthday would still be memorable and special though they couldn’t manage to be present. To cheer Quinn up，on the eve of Quinn’s birthday，her grandmother announced that she had a special plan to make Quinn’s birthday unforgettable.She assured Quinn that everything was under control and that she just got a good night’s sleep for the big day ahead. This news left Quinn curious and excited，wondering what kind of surprise her grandmother had prepared for her. The next morning，Quinn awoke early，and she simply couldn’t wait to find out what birthday surprise she would get.However，she searched every corner in the house but couldn’t find her grandmother.Then she found a note from her grandmother on the table，in which her grandmother explained that she had to step out for a while.Quinn felt upset at the thought of her grandmother not being there.But then a spark of curiosity and excitement ignited (点燃) within her.She wondered what kind of wonderful surprise her grandmother could have possibly arranged.Was it a gift？ A special outing？ Or perhaps something even more unique？ 1.开端：故事的开头介绍了九岁的Quinn，在父母去欧洲旅行时被托付给住在康涅狄格州的祖母照顾。她的祖母被邀请到俄亥俄州与Quinn一起度过一段时间，原本是一个临时且充满期待的经历。 2.发展：Quinn的父母原本计划在她生日时回家庆祝，但由于一场冰岛火山爆发，所有飞往欧洲的航班被迫停飞，导致她的父母无法按计划到达，给Quinn的生日带来了阴影。 3.发展：为了安慰Quinn，祖母在生日的前夜宣布，她已经准备了一个特别的计划，要让Quinn的生日变得难以忘怀，并让她好好休息，期待着第二天的惊喜。 4.情感起伏：Quinn早早醒来，迫不及待地想知道生日的惊喜，但她发现祖母不见了，桌子上只留下了一张便条，便条告诉她祖母出门了。尽管感到有些失落，但她又充满了好奇和期待。 5.伏笔：祖母出门了，Quinn对接下来会有什么惊喜充满了疑问，这为后续情节的展开做了铺垫。 第二步：续写构思(根据划读、所给首句、汉语提示给出英文翻译) 续写第一段首句：As Quinn was lost in thinking，the doorbell rang. 场景一：Quinn走到门口，打开门，看到她的祖母站在门口，后面跟着一些祖母的朋友们。他们都手捧着礼物、气球，还有一个美丽的生日蛋糕。Quinn惊讶极了，开心地笑了出来。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quinn walked to the door，opened it，and saw her grandmother standing there，followed by some of her grandmother’s friends.They were all holding gifts，balloons，and a beautiful birthday cake.Quinn was completely surprised and smiled happily. 场景二：祖母解释道，原来她的父母联系了祖母的朋友们，得知情况后，他们决定一起为Quinn策划一个惊喜生日派对。祖母早晨去接他们，想让Quinn有一个特别的生日。Quinn听后非常感动。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Her grandmother explained that Quinn’s parents had contacted her friends，and after learning about the situation，they decided to organize a surprise birthday party for Quinn.Her grandmother had gone early in the morning to pick them up.Quinn was deeply touched when she heard this. 场景三：不久，屋里变成了一个节日的奇妙乐园，五彩的装饰品、欢快的音乐和美味的食物充满了整个房间。Quinn觉得自己就像是被宠爱的小公主一样。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Soon，the house turned into a festive wonderland，filled with colorful decorations，cheerful music，and delicious food.Quinn felt like a little princess being showered with love. 续写第二段首句：As the day Quinn celebrated her birthday with her friends drew to a close，her father called from Europe. 场景四：Quinn接到电话，听到父亲温暖的声音，父亲对她度过了一个特别的生日表示欣慰，同时也表示他们会尽快回来。Quinn感到自己被爱包围，心里充满了幸福。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quinn picked up the phone and heard her father’s warm voice.He expressed his relief that she had a special birthday and promised they would be back soon.Quinn felt surrounded by love，her heart full of happiness. 场景五：Quinn向父亲感谢这场意外的惊喜生日派对，表达了对祖母和她的朋友们的感激。父亲告诉她，虽然他们身处异地，但他们的爱永远陪伴着她。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Quinn thanked her father for the unexpected surprise birthday party and expressed her gratitude to her grandmother and her friends.Her father told her that even though they were far away，their love would always be with her. 场景六：最后，Quinn放下电话，看到祖母和朋友们笑着看着她。她意识到，尽管父母不在身边，但他们的爱和她的祖母的关心让她的生日变得无比特别。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 返回 Finally，Quinn hung up the phone and saw her grandmother and friends smiling at her.She realized that even though her parents weren’t there，their love and her grandmother’s care had made her birthday incredibly special. 课时测评 返回 语境基础练 Ⅰ.根据汉语意思或首字母提示填入单词的适当形式(每小题1分，共9分) 1.There is a _________(总结)at the end of each chapter. 2.The crazy fans ________(吹口哨)as their favorite player came into the field. 3.A man in the flood was shouting and _______ (挥手)his arms around wildly. 4.They asked the little boy to _______(打扫)the room. 5.He ___________(发表)a speech about environment protection to the students yesterday. summary whistled waving sweep delivered 6.Having learned that I was in trouble，he came to my _____(帮助) immediately. 7.You should try to lend a hand to those in an ___________(紧急情况). 8.The plane c_______ in the mountain last night，which made us shocked. 9.Food and water s________ are difficult to get after the earthquake. aid emergency rashed upplies Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空(每小题1分，共6分) 1.The country is becoming richer and more __________ (power)than ever before. 2.What’s more，it is another _________(effect)way to deal with the problem. 3.They promised to aid me _________(mend)my house damaged in the flood. 4.The ________(long)of the article should be about 800 words. 5.In the face of the disaster，she ________ (calm)arranged for a car to pick up her children. 6.According to scientists’ research，the __________ (survive)rate of fish drops sharply under the influence of noise. powerful effective to mend length calmly survival Ⅲ.完成句子(每小题3分，共9分) 1.我突然想起来我把钥匙忘在车里了。(strike) _______________________ I had left my keys in the car. 2.她刚刚做完家庭作业，妈妈就让她弹钢琴。(when) ______________________________________ her mother asked her to play the piano. 3.那位冠军说的话对那些少年有很大的影响。(effect) What the champion said ________________________________. It suddenly struck me that She had just finished her homework when had a great effect on those teenagers Ⅳ.应用文写作(共15分) 假定你是李华，你从电视新闻上得知你远在美国的朋友汤姆所在的城市发生了地震。请你给汤姆写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.询问汤姆及其家人是否安好； 2.告知一些地震后的注意事项； 3.愿意尽最大努力提供帮助。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Tom， ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ How are you doing？ When I watched the news on TV，I learned that a terrible earthquake happened in your city.I was really concerned about you and your family. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely， Li Hua Earthquake was terrible，but you should keep calm，especially after the earthquake.There are still many things you should pay attention to after the earthquake.For example，you shouldn’t drink the water，and you can’t go back to the house.I hope that none of your family members was injured. Everything will be fine.If you need any help，please let me know. 素能提升练 Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A (2025·湖南郴州高一期中) California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s，according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor. The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined(减少)by 50 percent on more than 46，000 square miles of California forests，the new study finds.No area was spared or unaffected，from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles.In the Sierra high country，the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent；in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors led to the decline，said Patrick McIntyre，an ecologist(生态学家)who was the lead author of the study.Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods.Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources. But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010，McIntyre and his colleagues(同事)documented a widespread death of big trees that was obvious even in wildlands protected from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage.The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed，taking into consideration such things as rainfall，air temperature，dampness(潮湿)of soil，and the timing of snowmelt. Since the 1930s，McIntyre said，the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures，which cause trees to lose more water to the air，and earlier snowmelt，which reduces the water supply available to trees during the dry season. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。根据一项研究显示，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，而气候变化似乎是其主要因素。 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about？ A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California. B.The increasing variety of California big trees. C.The distribution(分布)of big trees in California forests. D.The influence of farming on big trees in California. √ 段落大意题。根据第二段中“The number of trees...the new study finds.”可知，第二段主要介绍了加州森林中大树急剧减少的严重性。故选A。 2.Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees？ A.Ecological studies of forests. B.Forbid woodcutting. C.Limiting housing development. D.Fire control measures. √ 推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests crowded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.”可推知，由于激进的森林防火措施，虽然一定程度上保护了森林，但同时也导致小树泛滥，与大树争抢资源，从而导致大树数量骤减。故选D。 3.What is a major cause of the water shortage according to McIntyre？ A.Not enough snowmelt. B.A longer dry season. C.A warmer climate. D.Dampness of the air. √ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“the biggest factors...during the dry season”可知，造成加州水资源短缺的最大因素是温度升高，气候变暖，这导致树木向空气中流失更多的水分，以及更早的融雪，这减少了旱季对树木的供水量。故选C。 4.What can be a suitable title for the text？ A.California’s Forests：Where Have All the Big Trees Gone？ B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Forbidden in California Soon C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests？ D.Patrick McIntyre：Grow More Big Trees in California √ 标题归纳题。通读全文可知，自20世纪30年代以来，加州已经损失了一半的大树，文章分析了引起该现象的几个主要因素。全文围绕“加州森林的大树都去哪儿了”话题展开，故选A。 B (2025·福建福州高一期中) A few weeks ago，a group of scientists produced a report about global warming and the natural world.They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.The scientists were surprised by what they found.They saw that during the next 50 years about 25％ of land animals and plants will disappear from the Earth.More than 1 million plants and animal species will die out by 2050. The head of the research team，Christ Thomas，who is a professor of conservation biology at the University of Leeds，said the results of their research were frightening.More than 10％ of all plants and animals will disappear from the Earth.It is too late to save many plants and animals because of the greenhouse gases that are already in the atmosphere.But the scientists say if we control greenhouse gases now，we can save many more plants and animals from disappearing. The scientists studied some areas of the world with very rich biology. These areas were Europe，Australia，Central and South America，and South Africa.Their studies showed that species living in mountainous areas had a better chance of survival because they could move uphill to get cooler.In flat areas，such as deserts，plants and animals would have to move very long distances to get cooler，so they are in great danger of dying out.The scientists found many surprising things.For example，they found that half of the 24 species of butterfly they studied in Australia would soon disappear. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一则令人害怕的报告发现全球变暖对于一些植物和动物来说是致命的。 5.What does Paragraph 1 focus on？ A.The result of the study. B.The cause of global warming. C.The contribution of the study. D.The development of global warming. √ 段落大意题。文章第一段主要讲的是这项报告的研究结果。故选A项。 6.What’s the purpose of the study led by Christ Thomas？ A.To save animals and plants species. B.To warn us of the dying out of species. C.To call on people to control greenhouse gases. D.To study the effect of greenhouse gases on the atmosphere. √ 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中“They wanted to find out if global warming was dangerous for plants and animals.”以及第二段中“More than 10％ of all plants and animals...from disappearing.”可知，Christ Thomas研究的目的是拯救动物和植物物种。故选A项。 7.Why are species in flat areas less likely to survive than those in mountainous areas？ A.The Earth is getting warmer. B.More species are disappearing. C.They have to move very long distances. D.They can move to high altitude to get cooler. √ 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“In flat areas，such as deserts...in great danger of dying out.”可知，平坦地区的物种比多山地区的物种更难存活是因为平坦地区的植物和动物将不得不移动很远的距离来获得凉爽，因此存活的可能性较小。故选C项。 8.What can be the best title of this passage？ A.The survival of species on the Earth B.Disappearing of animals in the world C.Greenhouse effect and global warming D.A frightening discovery on global warming √ 标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其根据文章第一段以及第二段中“The head of the research team... were frightening.”可知，文章主要围绕着一份令人恐惧的关于全球变暖的报告来展开，故D项最适合作文章标题。故选 D项。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) (2025·武汉外国语学校高一月考) Gabe and I were taking a road trip from Weyburn to Nelson.At around 5：30 pm，we were 　1　on a mountain road.I was texting my family.We weren’t 　2　there’d recently been flooding in the area. When I 　3　from my phone，I saw a wave of mud racing down the mountain.Gabe tried to brake，but it was too late.The mudslide sent our car 　4　down the cliff.It 　5　on its side among some trees. I don’t know how long we were unconscious，but I woke up to the 　6　of Gabe moaning (呻吟).We had no phone signal，so all we could do was 　7　for help.But my chest hurt too much to even　8　.So Gabe started shouting as loud as he could. Luckily，four men spotted us and went to our 　9　.On our way up，Gabe was in 　10　，slipping in and out of consciousness，and I 　11　didn’t think he was going to make it. When the medical team finally reached us，they 　12　us into separate ambulances.I was swearing a lot as they took us away—I didn’t think I’d ever see my boyfriend again. We spent weeks in hospital.Even after 　13　，I’ll walk with a limp for the rest of my life，and Gabe lost the vision in his left eye. Before this all happened，we were happy-go-lucky people.We’re even more 　14　now.Despite the　15　we suffered，we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和男朋友一起旅行，在途中遭遇泥石流，遇到危险之后，被别人拯救的故事。 1.A.cycling B.hiking C.driving D.evacuating √ 根据“Gabe tried to brake，but it was too late.The mudslide sent our car 　　down the cliff.”可知，作者和男朋友是驾驶汽车旅行的。故选C。 2.A.aware B.optimistic C.confident D.anxious √ 根据“When I 　　from my phone，I saw a wave of mud racing down the mountain.”可知，作者不知道这里发生过洪水。故选A。 3.A.gave in B.checked out C.fell apart D.looked up √ 根据“I was texting my family.”和“I saw a wave of mud racing down the mountain.”可知，作者在给家人发短信，所以这里是抬头看到的情景。故选D。 4.A.dropping B.erupting C.crashing D.sheltering √ 根据“It 　　on its side among some trees.”可知，泥石流使作者的汽车掉落到悬崖。故选A。 5.A.tapped B.landed C.cracked D.swept √ 根据“The mudslide sent our car 　　down the cliff.”可知，汽车从悬崖落在树丛中。故选B。 6.A.sound B.behavior C.company D.scene √ 根据“I don’t know how long we were unconscious.”可知，作者在男朋友Gabe的呻吟声中醒来。故选A。 7.A.cry B.wave C.turn D.fire √ 根据“We had no phone signal”和“So Gabe started shouting as loud as he could.”可知，两人可以做的是大声叫喊呼救。故选A。 8.A.suffer B.beat C.shake D.breathe √ 根据“But my chest hurt too much”可知，作者胸口疼得喘不过气来。故选D。 9.A.site B.rescue C.emergency D.struggle √ 根据“Luckily，four men spotted us”可知，四个人幸运地发现了作者和男朋友并拯救了他们。故选B。 10.A.amazement B.shock C.protest D.demand √ 根据“slipping in and out of consciousness”可知，作者男朋友Gabe受到了惊吓。故选B。 11.A.honestly B.obviously C.responsibly D.confusingly √ 根据“slipping in and out of consciousness”可知，说实话，作者觉得男朋友Gabe挺不过去了。故选A。 12.A.treated B.drove C.loaded D.exchanged √ 根据“us into separate ambulances”可知，医疗队将受伤的作者和男朋友抬上了救护车。故选C。 13.A.exercises B.restorations C.operations D.experiments √ 根据“I’ll walk with a limp for the rest of my life，and Gabe lost the vision in his left eye.”可知，这里指两人做完手术后的状态。故选C。 14.A.determined B.curious C.focused D.positive √ 根据“Before this all happened，we were happy-go-lucky people.”可知，作者和男朋友现在更加积极乐观了。故选D。 15.A.injuries B.ruins C.sweats D.traps √ 根据“we’re grateful that we’re still living a pretty good life”及上文可知，尽管作者和男朋友都受了伤，但是两人仍然心存感激。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分) (2025·福州高三检测) In the past hundred years，there 1.　　 　　(be) frequent natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，mud-rock flows，seismic sea waves，2.　　 　　 (earthquake)，windstorms and the stretching of new deserts. The disasters have killed millions of people，3.　　 　　(destroy) countless homes and wiped out numerous pieces of fertile land. have been earthquakes destroyed Now more and more people become aware that those disasters have much to do with the damage 4.　　　 　 we have done to the earth.We have cut 5.　　　. too many trees in the forests.We have badly 6.　　　　(pollution) the environment.We have shocked our own home-planet time and again with 7.　　　　.(power) explosions of nuclear bombs.As 8.　　 result，climates have become abnormal.Rainwater rushes down hillsides 9.　　　　(angry)，and the underground energy goes up to revenge itself on us. The earth is our only home-planet.It is urgent for us to stop damaging it，and to do our best 10.　　 　　 (protect) it and make it a lovely place suitable to live in，for we have nowhere to go and survive except where we are now. that/which down polluted powerful a angrily to protect 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了过去一百年里自然灾害的频繁发生与人类对地球造成的破坏有很大关系，列举了人类的种种破坏行为，呼吁人类保护唯一的地球家园。 1.答案：have been 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上文“In the past hundred years”可知，应用现在完成时，主语为frequent natural disasters，助动词用have。故填have been。 2.答案：earthquakes 考查名词的单复数。earthquake为可数名词，用作复数表示一类。故填earthquakes。 3.答案：destroyed 考查动词的时态。此处destroy与kill和wipe out构成并列谓语，结合上文“The disasters have killed”可知为现在完成时。故填destroyed。 4.答案：that/which 考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词damage，空处在从句中作宾语，故应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 5.答案：down 考查固定短语。结合句意表示“砍伐”应用cut down。故填down。 6.答案：polluted 考查动词的时态。空处作谓语，表示“污染”应用动词pollute，结合上文“We have”可知，为现在完成时。故填polluted。 7.答案：powerful 考查形容词。修饰下文名词explosions，应用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。 8.答案：a 考查冠词。结合句意表示“结果”可知短语为as a result。故填a。 9.答案：angrily 考查副词。修饰动词rushes，应用副词angrily，作状语。故填angrily。 10.答案：to protect 考查非谓语动词。结合句意表示“尽最大努力做某事”可知短语为do one’s best to do sth。故填to protect。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 返回 $