UNIT 2 Section Ⅲ Grammar(1)-【金版新学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册同步课堂高效讲义配套课件（北师大版）

UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS Section Ⅲ Grammar(1) 定语从句(一)　关系代词引导定语从句 内容索引 初识语法　品语篇 1 课时测评 2 初识语法　品语篇 返回 结构脉络 回忆温故 我们知道，_______可修饰名词或代词，作定语；如果一个从句修饰名词或代词，那么这个从句就是_________。形容词可在被修饰的名词前面或者后面，而定语从句只能在被修饰词的_____。 感知语法 形容词 定语从句 后面 观察知新 观察下面的句子，并画出定语从句。 1．The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 2．The teacher spoke to a student whom he had never met before. 3．I don't know that the person I just chatted with is very famous. 4．We met a man whose family has lived in this town for generations. 5．He wrote a letter in which he expressed his gratitude. 答案： 1．The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting. 2．The teacher spoke to a student whom he had never met before． 3．I don't know that the person I just chatted with is very famous. 4．We met a man whose family has lived in this town for generations． 5．He wrote a letter in which he expressed his gratitude． 一、基础知识 1．定语从句结构为“引导词＋从句其他成分”，被修饰词是“先行词”，为主句的某个成分；引导词用来指代先行词或者表示“所有格、时间、地点”等概念。 2.指代先行词的引导词为关系代词(that，which，who，whom)；代表先行词所有格的引导词为(whose)；表示先行词相关的时间、地点等概念的为关系副词(when，where，why等)。本单元主要探究的是关系代词以及whose引导的定语从句。 精讲语法 二、关系代词 关系代词 先行词 在从句中的作用 who 指人 作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 whom 指人 作宾语，可省略，也可用who或that代替。 which 指物 作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。 that 指人或物 作主语、宾语、表语，作宾语时可省略。 whose 表示人或物的所有格 作定语，表示“所属”关系，指人时，相当于of whom；指物时，相当于of which。 1．先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用 who/that 引导，且不可省略。 The man who/that lives next door is a famous writer. 住在隔壁的那个人是一位著名的作家。 The people who/that live in this neighborhood are very friendly. 住在这个社区的人们非常友好。 温馨提示 先行词指人时，宜用who不宜用that的情况： (1)当先行词是指人的不定代词时，如 one，ones，anyone等。 Anyone who aims to get ahead must work hard. 任何想成功的人都必须努力。 (2)当先行词是人称代词I，you，he，they等时(常用于谚语中)。 He who doesn't reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。 (3)当先行词为指人的 those时。 Those who have good manners will be highly respected. 那些有礼貌的人会受到人们的高度尊重。 (4)在there be结构中，先行词指人时。 There is a young man who wants to buy a skateboard. 有一个年轻人想买个滑板。 2．先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用who/ that/ whom引导，可省略。 The person(whom/who/that)you spoke to earlier is our new manager. 你之前与之说话的那个人是我们的新经理。 He is the expert(who/that/whom)I mentioned to you yesterday. 他就是我昨天向你提到的那个专家。 温馨提示 先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语且直接跟在介词后时，只能用whom引导，且不可省略。 This is the voluntary teacher from whom we've learned a lot.就是这位支教老师，我们从他那里学到了很多知识。 3．先行词指人，关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，用whose，其后一般跟名词。 The boy whose father is a doctor is my classmate. 那个男孩的父亲是医生，他是我的同班同学。 Do you know the girl whose Chinese is excellent？ 你认识那个汉语非常优秀的女孩吗？ 温馨提示 whose指人时，常用下列结构来代替： I will talk to those students whose homework hasn't been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students the homework of whom hasn't been done on schedule. ＝I will talk to those students of whom the homework hasn't been done on schedule. 我将和那些没按时完成作业的学生谈话。 4．先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，用which/that引导，且不可省略。 The car which/that is parked outside belongs to my neighbor. 停在外面的那辆车属于我的邻居。 China is a country which/that has a history of more than 5，000 years. 中国是一个拥有5 000多年历史的国家。 5．先行词指物，关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时，用which/that引导，可省略。 The city(that/which)we visited last summer has a beautiful beach. 我们去年夏天参观的那个城市有一个美丽的海滩。 The young man was very happy to get back the gold ring(which/that)he had lost on the train.那个年轻人找回了那枚在火车上丢失的金戒指，非常高兴。 温馨提示　 (1)先行词指物，引导词用that不用which的情况。 Have you taken down everything that Mr.Li said？ 李老师讲的你都记下来了吗？ The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 用that不用which的情况 先行词是不定代词或被不定代词修饰时 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时 先行词前有the very，the only等修饰时 先行词既指人也指物时 This is the most delicious food that I have ever had. 这是我吃过的最美味的食品。 I've read all the books that are not mine. 我已经读了所有那些不是我的书。 The only thing that she could do was to go to the police for help. 她唯一能做的事就是去求助警察。 I have found the very pen that I lost yesterday. 我已经找到了昨天丢失的那只钢笔。 We often talk about the persons and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起我们记得的那些人和事。 (2)先行词指物，在介词或者逗号后面引导词用which不用that。 The house in which I used to live has become a shoe shop. 我过去住的房子现在已经变成了一家鞋店。 Have you ever read the book，which was written by a young girl？ 你读过这本由一个年轻女孩写的书吗？ 三、注意事项 1．关系代词指代先行词且在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语，因此定语从句中不能再出现关系代词所替代的名词或代词。如： 昨天晚上我们看的那部电影非常吓人。 The film(that/which)we saw it last night is very frightening. ( ) The film(that/which)we saw last night is very frightening. ( ) × √ 2．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who are respectful will be highly respected. 那些对他人有敬意的人会备受尊重。 温馨提示 “one of＋名词复数”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；在肯定句中，“the(only)one of＋名词复数”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。 This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens. 这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的其中一本书。 He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned to play golf. 他是我们班里唯一学过打高尔夫球的男孩。 巧学活用——用适当的关系代词完成语段 Sports and fitness are important parts of a healthy lifestyle.People 1.________ play sports often have more energy.They challenge themselves by trying new activities，2.______ can be great fun.There are some athletes 3.______ skills inspire others to start exercising. Fitness centers offer a variety of activities，some 4.________ are designed to help build different muscles.Friends 5.__________ you work out can help you stay inspired.A personal trainer，6.____ is often very experienced，can guide you to achieve your goals.It's also important to find activities 7._____________ you love，so you can stay active for years to come. 返回 who/that which whose of which with whom who that/which/不填 课时测评 返回 Ⅰ.用所给单词的正确形式填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) defeat，gather，champion，replace，inspire，crowd，energy，pack，clap，earn 1．The team worked hard all season _______ their biggest rivals in the final game. 2．After drinking a sports drink，I felt more ________ during my workout. 3．The stadium was filled with cheering _______ as the players entered the field. 4．The audience started _____________ when the runner crossed the finish line first. to defeat energetic crowds clapping/to clap 5．We were very glad that she ______ her spot on the team after training every day for weeks. 6．We ___________ our equipment for the long hike when there was a heavy knock on the door. 7．The coach talked about the need for a __________ player after someone got injured. 8．The athlete became an _________ for many young people who wanted to play sports. 9．The local community is ________ at the park for a friendly soccer match today. 10．The team celebrated their victory after winning the ___________ last year. earned were packing replacement inspiration gathering championship Ⅱ.根据提示翻译句子(共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分) 1．她这些天训练很努力，试图参加校足球队下周的选拔。(try out for) She practised really hard these day，______________________________ next week. 2．我不再打篮球了，因为我现在更喜欢跑步。(not...anymore) I _________________________ because I prefer running now. 3．在重要的比赛期间，我不想让我的教练失望，他的指导在我的进步中起到了关键作用。(let down；定语从句) I didn't want to ________________ during the important match，_____________________________________ in my progress. trying out for the school soccer team don't play basketball anymore whose guidance had been of vital importance let my coach down 4．当他赢得了昨天在市体育馆举行的比赛时，他的刻苦训练终于有了回报。(pay off；定语从句) His hard work in training _____________ when he won the race ___________________________． 5．要跟上所有最新的健身趋势真的很难，许多人尝试过但很快就放弃了。(keep up with；定语从句) __________________________ all the latest fitness trends，_________________________________． finally paid off that was held in the city stadium It is really hard to keep up with which many people try but soon give up Ⅲ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) A (2025·河南高一期中) If you try to come back too soon after an injury，you run the great risk of re-injuring yourself—maybe even more seriously than before.If you come back to a sport after a long break，slowly increase your activity level by 10% each week until you reach your optimal fitness level.Don't let anyone force you to play before you become well again.Your doctor or coach will give you specific advice on when to return to your sport. Taking time to get well is very important if you have had a concussion(脑震荡).Lots of athletes try to come back too quickly after getting a concussion—because they can't see an injury.They think they are ready to play.But jumping back into the game too soon puts a player at greater risk for another concussion，and other even more dangerous brain injuries.It is a rule in many states to get clearance from your doctor to play again if you have had a concussion.Your doctor will come up with a specific plan for you. Many athletes use painkillers to avoid pain.If you feel a lasting pain，don't use painkillers to ease it，though.Taking large numbers of painkillers or，worse yet，taking painkillers over a long period of time in order to play—can be dangerous.Pain is the body's way of showing that something is wrong.If you have pain，talk to your doctor. The same advice goes for a cold—don't play if you are sick.You won't be able to concentrate if your nose is running faster than you are，which will put you at risk of injury.You may spread the cold to the rest of your teammates.It is better to wait until you feel better，so you can have a safe season. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些运动受伤后的康复建议。 1．Which is the closest in meaning to “optimal” in the first paragraph？ A．Extra. B．Slow. C．Best. D．Latest. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句和后文的“before you become well again”并结合选项可推知，optimal表示“最佳的”。故选C。 2．Why is it bad to return to the game too soon after suffering a concussion？ A．It leaves most athletes stressed. B．It is often required by the coach. C．It will influence team members. D．It might lead to further injuries. √ 细节理解题。根据第二段的“But jumping back into the game too soon puts a player at greater risk for another concussion，and other even more dangerous brain injuries.”可知，脑震荡后过快投入运动可能会导致更严重的损伤。故选D。 3．How should you deal with a lasting pain according to the text？ A．Turn to doctors for help. B．Rest for a long time. C．Take some painkillers. D．Exercise to avoid it. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段的“If you feel a lasting pain，don't use painkillers to ease it，though...have pain，talk to your doctor.”可知，当你感到持续性疼痛时，不宜服用止疼药来缓解，而是应当及时就医。故选A。 4．From which is the text probably taken？ A．A history book. B．A health magazine. C．A research paper. D．A news report. √ 文章出处题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了一些运动受伤后的康复建议，故本文可能出自一本健康杂志。故选B。 B Cyclocross is cross-country bicycle racing.Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth.Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles(障碍).When racers reach them，they can ride over them，or pick up their bikes and run. To be a top racer，you must dismount without slowing down at all.To do this，swing your right leg over the bike seat.At the same time，move the bike away from your body.This makes room for your right foot to hit the ground next to your left foot.As your right foot nears the ground，take your left foot away from the bike.Put both feet on the ground and start running! As soon as you are running，you have to decide what to do with your bike.You may shoulder it or lift it.It's important to practice both skills.Sometimes you need to run fast and jump over some obstacles.As your feet hit the ground，you reach down and catch the bottom of your bike.Lift up carefully and keep the bike on your right shoulder while you run.Sometimes you may lift your bike.You catch the top of your bike.Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground. After you have carried your bike across an obstacle，you will need to remount.As soon as your bike is on the ground，push off with your left leg，swing your right leg over the bike seat，and move into riding position.Remounting can be the hardest skill of cyclocross.You can learn by watching someone who remounts well. Cyclocross is a great way to stay active and have fun.However，it can be dangerous.Make sure that you are well prepared.Then，you will just need to go! 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自行车越野比赛以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能。 5．What can we learn about cyclocross from the text？ A．It's a cross-city bike race. B．It's a challenging bike race. C．It's a no-obstacle bike race. D．It's a dangerous running race. √ 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Racers spend only part of a race on their bikes because only part of the two-mile race is smooth.Other parts of the race have the challenge of obstacles(障碍).”可知，自行车越野比赛是一个有挑战性的自行车比赛，故选B。 6．What does the underlined word “dismount” in Paragraph 2 mean？ A．Get off a bike. B．Pick up a bike. C．Get back on a bike. D．Practice riding a bike. √ 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“without slowing down”以及第二段最后两句“As your right foot nears the ground，take your left foot away from the bike.Put both feet on the ground and start running！”可知，此处介绍了从自行车上下来并且保持不减速的做法，dismount与 get off a bike意思相近，表示“下自行车”。故选A。 7．Why does a racer have to shoulder a bike in a race？ A．To take care of the bike. B．To jump over obstacles. C．To make room for others. D．To hit the ground harder. √ 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then you lift the bike high enough to get over the obstacles and carefully put the bike on the ground.”可知，扛着自行车是为了越过一些障碍，故选B。 8．What is the text mainly about？ A．The popularity of cyclocross racing. B．The history of cyclocross racing. C．The records of cyclocross racing. D．The skills of cyclocross racing. √ 主旨大意题。根据第一段并结合全文可知，本文主要介绍了自行车越野比赛以及成为一名顶级赛车手所要具备的技能，即文章的主旨是自行车比赛的技巧。故选D。 Ⅳ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) She could have just quit.The 1 was long decided，and rain was falling hard.But Bou Samnang was running for her 2 —Cambodia—so she kept going，racing alone on a 3 in Phnom Penh.And for that，she is being 4 by all. News of Bou Samnang's persistence(坚持)spread 5 ：The news media(媒体)around the world 6 the video of her finishing the women's 5，000-meter race on May 8 at the Southeast Asian Games，which Cambodia is 7 for the first time. In the video，the sound of 8 rainfall is interrupted by cheers and shouts of encouragement as Bou Samnang finally nears and then 9 the finish line，almost six minutes behind the winner. Bou Samnang held her hands to express thanks to the 10 who cheered her on in the rain.Her face was wet with tears and rain as she 11 her country's flag.The athlete said later that she was 12 to finish last，but also happy to hear people 13 her. “I tried to reach the finish line because I wanted to show people that in life，whether we go slow or fast，we will reach our 14 all the same，” she said afterward.“So we should not 15 ．We should try our best.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了柬埔寨选手Bou Samnang在一场长跑比赛中坚持不放弃的感人故事。 1．A．meeting B．party C．race D．work 2．A．country B．school C．company D．group √ 根据后文“finishing the women's 5，000-meter race on May 8 at the Southeast Asian Games”可知，此处指比赛的胜负已定。故选C。 √ 后文Cambodia是一个国家名，所以是为了自己的国家而跑。故选A。 3．A．playground B．road C．track D．path 4．A．admired B．commented C．contacted D．requested √ 根据后文“the women's 5，000-meter race on May 8 at the Southeast Asian Games”可知，她在参加东南亚运动会女子5 000米比赛，所以应是在跑道上跑。故选C。 √ 根据前文内容可知，Bou Samnang在比赛胜负已定且雨下得很大的情况下，依旧为了自己的国家坚持跑完比赛，这是让人钦佩的。故选A。 5．A．rapidly B．exactly C．slowly D．freely 6．A．arranged B．designed C．shared D．organized √ 根据后文“The news media(媒体)around the world”可知，关于她坚持不懈的新闻迅速传播开来，全世界的媒体都在报道。故选A。 √ 根据前文“News of Bou Samnang's persistence(坚持)spread”可知，Bou Samnang坚持不懈的新闻迅速传播开来，所以是世界各地的新闻媒体都分享了她坚持跑完比赛的视频。故选C。 7．A．exploring B．hosting C．introducing D．reporting 8．A．heavy B．light C．strange D．low √ 根据前文“But Bou Samnang was running for her...in Phnom Penh.”可知，柬埔寨首次举办东南亚运动会。故选B。 √ 根据前文“and rain was falling hard”可知，是在下大雨。故选A。 9．A．covers B．crosses C．touches D．narrows 10．A．captains B．coaches C．athletes D．audience √ 根据后文“the finish line，almost six minutes behind the winner”可知，应是越过了终点线，才能知道比冠军落后了近六分钟。故选B。 √ 根据后文“who cheered her on in the rain”并结合常识可知，应是看比赛的观众在雨中为她加油。故选D。 11．A．dropped B．lifted C．moved D．recognized 12．A．amazed B．excited C．confused D．disappointed √ 根据后文“her country's flag”可知，应是举起国旗庆祝。故选B。 √ 根据后文“finish last”可知，她是最后一名，应该是失望的。故选D。 13．A．begging B．challenging C．quitting D．supporting 14．A．adventure B．flight C．destination D．stage √ 根据前文“Bou Samnang held her hands to express thanks to the_______who cheered her on in the rain.”可知，人们在雨中为她欢呼加油，所以是支持她。故选D。 √ 根据前文“I tried to reach the finish line because”可知，她是想用自己的经历鼓励人们要坚持到达目的地。故选C。 15．A．give up B．fall behind C．keep on D．cheer up √ 根据后文“We should try our best.”可知，我们应该尽最大努力，所以是不应放弃。故选A项。 返回 谢 谢 观 看 UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS 返回 $