第一讲 名词-2026年中考英语一轮复习 语法重难点专项突破（语法讲义+配套练习）（全国通用）

中考核心语法·精练 第一讲 名词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、名词的概念与分类表 该表格梳理名词的核心定义及分类，明确不同类型名词的指代对象和示例，帮助快速区分专有名词与普通名词的差异。 类别 核心定义 示例 概念 表示人、物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词，可作主语、宾语、表语等 student（学生，作主语）、book（书，作宾语） 专有名词 特指特定人、地方、机构的名称，首字母需大写 Linda（人名）、China（国家）、the United States（国家） 普通名词 泛指一类人或事物，分四类： 1. 个体名词（单个对象） 2. 集体名词（群体对象） 3. 物质名词（物质材料） 4. 抽象名词（抽象概念） 1. student（学生）、apple（苹果） 2. people（人们）、army（军队） 3. water（水）、wood（木头） 4. hope（希望）、dream（梦想） 注意事项： 1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词（如 “China”，而非 “the China”），但由普通名词构成的专有名词需加 the（如 “the Great Wall”）。 2. 集体名词表 “整体” 时视为单数（如 “The team is strong”），表 “成员” 时视为复数（如 “The team are playing well”）。 二、名词的数：可数名词复数变化表 该表格聚焦可数名词复数的规则与不规则变化，按变化类型整理规律及示例，是名词数的核心考点。 类型 规则说明 示例 规则变化 1. 一般情况：词尾加 - s book→books、map→maps 2. 以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾：词尾加 - es box→boxes、watch→watches 3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 - es city→cities、family→families 4. 以 o 结尾： - 有生命：加 - es - 无生命：加 - s hero→heroes、tomato→tomatoes；photo→photos、piano→pianos 5. 以 f/fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v 加 - es knife→knives、leaf→leaves 不规则变化 1. oo→ee foot→feet、tooth→teeth 2. a→e man→men、woman→women 3. 词尾加 ren child→children 4. 特殊变化 mouse→mice 5. 单复数同形 sheep、deer、Chinese 6. 仅复数形式 trousers、glasses、clothes 注意事项： 1. 合成名词含 “man/woman” 作定语时，前后名词需同步变复数（如 “a man teacher→men teachers”），其他合成词仅后一名词变复数（如 “a shoe shop→shoe shops”）。 2. “某国人” 复数记忆口诀：“中日不变，英法变，其余 s 加后面”（如 “Chinese→Chinese，Englishman→Englishmen，American→Americans”）。 三、名词所有格形式表 该表格整理名词所有格的三种形式（’s 所有格、of 所有格、双重所有格），明确适用场景及结构，解决 “所属关系” 表达问题。 类型 适用场景 结构 / 示例 ’s 所有格 1. 有生命的名词； 2. 时间、距离、国家等抽象名词 1. 单数名词：名词 +’s（Mike→Mike’s sister） 2. 复数名词（以 s 结尾）：名词 +’（students→students’ books） 3. 共同拥有：最后一名词 +’s（Mary and Lucy’s book） 4. 各自拥有：每个名词 +’s（Mary’s and Lucy’s books） of 所有格 无生命的名词 名词 + of + 名词（a map of China、a photo of my family） 双重所有格 强调 “部分所属”，限定词 + 名词 + of + 表人所有格 / 名词性物主代词 a friend of mine（我的一位朋友）、a car of my uncle’s（我叔叔的一辆车） 注意事项： 1. ’s 所有格不可用于无生命名词（错误：“the desk’s leg”，正确：“the leg of the desk”）。 2. 双重所有格中，of 后需接 “表人的所有格” 或 “名词性物主代词”，不可接形容词性物主代词（错误：“a book of my”，正确：“a book of mine”）。 四、名词词形转换表 该表格汇总名词变形容词、副词、名词的高频规则及示例，是 “用所给名词适当形式填空” 题型的核心依据。 转换 规则说明 示例 名词→形容词 1. 加 - y（部分需双写 / 去 e） 2. 加 - ful（部分变 y 为 i） 3. 加 - al（部分去 e） 4. 加 - less 5. 其他（加 - ly/-en 等） 1. health→healthy、sun→sunny、noise→noisy 2. help→helpful、beauty→beautiful 3. nation→national、culture→cultural 4. care→careless、hope→hopeless 5. friend→friendly、north→northern 名词→副词 多由 “名词→形容词” 后加 - ly，少数直接转换 success→successful→successfully、care→carefully 名词→名词 1. 加 - ist（表职业） 2. 加 - ian（表职业） 1. piano→pianist、science→scientist 2. music→musician、magic→magician 注意事项： 1. 名词变形容词时，“辅音 + y” 结尾需变 y 为 i 加 - ful（如 “beauty→beautiful”），“-e” 结尾需去 e 加 - al（如 “nature→natural”）。 2. 部分名词变形容词后语义特殊，需单独记忆（如 “live→lively”，表 “活泼的”，而非 “活着的”）。 五、名词短语类型表 该表格梳理名词短语的两种核心结构（名词 + 名词、形容词 + 名词），明确构成规则及常见示例，助力理解名词在短语中的作用。 类型 构成规则 常见示例 名词 + 名词 1. 前一名词多为单数（表类别）； 2. 例外：sports/students 等复数作定语； 3. man/woman 作定语时，随被修饰词单复数变化 1. tea art（茶艺）、basketball club（篮球俱乐部） 2. sports meeting（运动会）、students reading-room（学生阅览室） 3. a man teacher→men teachers（男老师） 形容词 + 名词 形容词修饰名词，表性质、特征 spoken English（英语口语）、free time（空闲时间）、traditional culture（传统文化） 注意事项： 1. 名词 + 名词短语中，前一名词不可用所有格（错误：“shoe’s shop”，正确：“shoe shop”）。 2. 多个形容词修饰名词时，需遵循 “限定词 + 描绘性形容词 + 性质形容词 + 名词” 顺序（如 “a beautiful red flower”）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Please type the (tour) names on the paper. 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Free your mind from — most of them never happen. (worry) 3．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）The workers covered their (mouth) with masks to protect themselves from dust. 4．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Finally, the (couple) dream of opening a small restaurant came true. 5．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）We celebrate (teacher) Day on September 10th every year. 6．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）The film Soul mainly tells a strange experience in an amazing place. (music) 7．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Experts suggest that we do at least eight (hour) training per week to keep fit. 8．（2024·山东青岛·一模）—Miss Wang, happy (teacher) Day. —Thank you, Tom. 9．（2024·上海静安·二模）On the Double Festival last year, we visited the old people’s home nearby. (nine) 10．（22-23七年级·全国·假期作业）The Cyclingworld Europe trade show was held in （ German）from March 10 to 12. 11．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）My sister is a talented ; she loves painting very much. (art) 12．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）In ancient stories, the creator gods Fuxi and Nvwa both have snake (body). 13．（2025·上海·模拟预测）All the (win) will attend the award presentation. 14．（2025·甘肃武威·二模）As the saying goes “A good (begin) is half done”. 15．（2025·云南昆明·三模）I think paper books won’t disappear in the future with the of e-products. (develop) 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东中山·三模）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Last Saturday, my brother and I went to Grandpa Jack’s house for a family party. As soon as we sat down on the sofa, we took out 1 phones and started playing games. Seeing this, Grandpa Jack decided to tell us stories 2 his childhood. He described 3 he built tree houses and flew kites. “We didn’t have phones to play with at that time. But a frisbee (飞盘) 4 make us excited for a whole day. It was one of the most exciting 5 in my childhood,” he said. “Let’s make some fun memories,” Grandpa suggested 6 . He went to get a frisbee and invited us 7 with him outside. At first, we showed little interest because we knew nothing about it. But we decided to have 8 try. It was difficult at the beginning. We kept missing and dropping the frisbee. However, it became more fun than we thought after we 9 for a while. We ran quickly, laughed loudly and shouted happily with each successful catch. After playing, when we walked back to the house, I felt something warm inside. I realized playing with the family was much 10 than playing on the phone. Grandpa Jack had shown us a different kind of joy, and I knew this was a day I would never forget. 1. A．us B．our C．ours 2. A．about B．with C．through 3. A．what B．who C．how 4. A．could B．must C．should 5. A．toy B．toys C．toys’ 6. A．cheer B．cheerful C．cheerfully 7. A．play B．to play C．playing 8. A．a B．an C．the 9. A．practise B．practised C．has practised 10. A．interesting B．more interesting C．the most interesting Passage 2 （2025·广东汕头·三模）Do you know who is the “Super Brain” in China? Shan Xinghua is 1 excellent woman who created China’s 12306 railway ticket system. She received the national honor “Role Model of the Time”. 2 work solved the problem of buying train tickets, which once required a long wait at stations. In 1996, Shan began 3 this system to solve ticket-buying difficulties. Before 12306, people had to wait in long lines at stations. With China’s large population and growing travel needs, a better solution 4 . However, creating such a system was challenging. During busy periods like the Spring Festival, the system often broke down. In 2012, too many users caused technical problems. 5 Shan didn’t give up. She led her team to find solutions. They used advanced (先进的) technologies to deal with huge numbers of users while keeping information safe. Shan succeeded 6 years of hard work. She often worked hours and spent little time with her family. Today, 12306 processes millions of daily business 7 . People 8 buy tickets anytime on their phones and choose seats. This saves time and makes travel easier for everyone. Shan Xinghua’s story teaches us that effort can overcome 9 . She encourages young people to follow their dreams bravely. She also shows us 10 change our life. She is both a “Super Brain” and a national hero. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．Her B．She C．Hers 3. A．developing B．develop C．develops 4. A．is needed B．were needed C．was needed 5. A．And B．So C．But 6. A．with B．through C．by 7. A．smooth B．smoothly C．more smoothly 8. A．must B．need C．can 9. A．difficult B．difficulties C．difficultly 10. A．how technology can B．how can technology C．what technology can Passage 3 （2025·重庆·模拟预测）根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并在答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Sometimes, the greatest gifts aren’t what we give, but the chances we offer. Ming, 1 twelve-year-old boy, worked in his grandfather’s teahouse near the Jialing River. One foggy (有雾的) morning, he noticed a boy outside. The 2 clothes were old and his shoes were broken. “Grandpa, 3 is that boy?” Ming asked. “That’s Li Wei. His father fell ill last winter, so now he works to help his family,” Grandfather said. Ming remembered what Grandfather said: “True kindness is to give respect, not just pity.” He decided 4 . Running to the door, Ming called out, “Li Wei! Would you like to help us wash teacups? You can get some money and have breakfast 5 us.” When Li Wei heard that, his face was full of joy. He didn’t just wash teacups—he 6 to Grandfather’s stories about Chongqing and even learned how to greet customers in Chongqing dialect (方言). He worked 7 all morning. As the sun set, turning the river gold, Grandfather said to Ming, “You didn’t just give him food 8 money today.” You gave something more important to 9 —a chance to grow.” Watching Li Wei’s smile, Ming understood how small acts of kindness could warm the 10 day of the winter. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．boy B．boy’s C．boys’ 3. A．who B．what C．where 4. A．act B．to act C．acting 5. A．for B．as C．with 6. A．listens B．listened C．has listened 7. A．care B．careful C．carefully 8. A．and B．or C．but 9. A．he B．him C．his 10. A．cold B．colder C．coldest 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东日照·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and 2 (break) a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And 3 kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not 4 (give) up. Her goal was to be 5 youngest person to row across the Atlantic. For Zara, the trip was also a chance to see nature as few people ever do. She saw dolphins, sharks, and even killer whales. One time, she 6 (hit) by a flying fish. She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay 7 her for life. After 97 days, she 8 (successful) arrived in Guiana, on the coast of South America on February 1st, 2025. “I went through a hard time. It took a 9 (long) time than I had expected, 10 I’m still proud of my effort,” Zara says. Passage 2 （2025·四川乐山·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 At the end of 2023, Hefei held a marathon. Among so many runners, 1 old couple caught the attention of many people. They 2 (be) 86-year-old Hu Yingfu and 77-year-old Wang Zhangmin. Hu finished the half marathon in 2 hours and 21 minutes, and his wife, Wang, completed it in 2 hours and 23 minutes. In fact, this wasn’t the 3 (one) time that the couple had taken part in the marathon. In 1997, the couple joined a running club. At first, they started running 4 (keep) fit. But over time, they found it was a relaxing sport and became more interested in it. In 2004, they took part in a marathon for the elderly. To 5 (they) surprise, Wang won the fourth place. In April 2011, the couple finished their first half marathon 6 (safe) in Yangzhou. In December of the same year, they finished the full marathon in Shanghai. At that time, Hu was 74 years old, and Wang was 65 years old. Since then, the couple have started their “marathon journey”. Over next ten years, they have taken part in many 7 (race) across the country every year. And they have completed 8 (many) than 100 marathon events. For years, they have been running 10,000 meters every day. They have covered over 40,000 kilometers 9 won 203 medals in many national sports events. Through running, the couple have made friends 10 other runners, and influenced by them, more and more young people have joined running. Passage 3 （2025·青海·中考真题）This year is the “Weight Management Year” (体重管理年). More and more people want to know how to keep healthy. Experts list some ways. Healthy food is necessary. We need to eat what we need rather than what we like. Whole-grain foods (全谷物), fresh fruit 1 vegetables keep people lively. Don’t forget 2 (drink) enough water. Exercise is a good choice. Exercise can make bodies 3 (strong). For example, walking, hiking and jogging are good for 4 (we). We’d better exercise no less than one hour a day. Sleeping well is another key. If you don’t want to feel 5 (sleep) in the daytime, then you need to go to bed early and get 6 early. Sleeping well helps to focus better. Students are supposed to sleep at least for nine 7 (hour) every night. Being positive (积极的) matters. When you are stressed and nervous, why not talk 8 your friends or someone you trust. Positive mind is just as important as a fit body. In a word, healthy 9 (habit) help everyone enjoy life. Managing weight isn’t just about 10 (look) good, it is about feeling great inside and out. 10 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法·精练 第一讲 名词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、名词的概念与分类表 该表格梳理名词的核心定义及分类，明确不同类型名词的指代对象和示例，帮助快速区分专有名词与普通名词的差异。 类别 核心定义 示例 概念 表示人、物、地点、抽象概念等名称的词，可作主语、宾语、表语等 student（学生，作主语）、book（书，作宾语） 专有名词 特指特定人、地方、机构的名称，首字母需大写 Linda（人名）、China（国家）、the United States（国家） 普通名词 泛指一类人或事物，分四类： 1. 个体名词（单个对象） 2. 集体名词（群体对象） 3. 物质名词（物质材料） 4. 抽象名词（抽象概念） 1. student（学生）、apple（苹果） 2. people（人们）、army（军队） 3. water（水）、wood（木头） 4. hope（希望）、dream（梦想） 注意事项： 1. 专有名词前一般不加冠词（如 “China”，而非 “the China”），但由普通名词构成的专有名词需加 the（如 “the Great Wall”）。 2. 集体名词表 “整体” 时视为单数（如 “The team is strong”），表 “成员” 时视为复数（如 “The team are playing well”）。 二、名词的数：可数名词复数变化表 该表格聚焦可数名词复数的规则与不规则变化，按变化类型整理规律及示例，是名词数的核心考点。 类型 规则说明 示例 规则变化 1. 一般情况：词尾加 - s book→books、map→maps 2. 以 s/x/sh/ch 结尾：词尾加 - es box→boxes、watch→watches 3. 以辅音字母 + y 结尾：变 y 为 i 加 - es city→cities、family→families 4. 以 o 结尾： - 有生命：加 - es - 无生命：加 - s hero→heroes、tomato→tomatoes；photo→photos、piano→pianos 5. 以 f/fe 结尾：变 f/fe 为 v 加 - es knife→knives、leaf→leaves 不规则变化 1. oo→ee foot→feet、tooth→teeth 2. a→e man→men、woman→women 3. 词尾加 ren child→children 4. 特殊变化 mouse→mice 5. 单复数同形 sheep、deer、Chinese 6. 仅复数形式 trousers、glasses、clothes 注意事项： 1. 合成名词含 “man/woman” 作定语时，前后名词需同步变复数（如 “a man teacher→men teachers”），其他合成词仅后一名词变复数（如 “a shoe shop→shoe shops”）。 2. “某国人” 复数记忆口诀：“中日不变，英法变，其余 s 加后面”（如 “Chinese→Chinese，Englishman→Englishmen，American→Americans”）。 三、名词所有格形式表 该表格整理名词所有格的三种形式（’s 所有格、of 所有格、双重所有格），明确适用场景及结构，解决 “所属关系” 表达问题。 类型 适用场景 结构 / 示例 ’s 所有格 1. 有生命的名词； 2. 时间、距离、国家等抽象名词 1. 单数名词：名词 +’s（Mike→Mike’s sister） 2. 复数名词（以 s 结尾）：名词 +’（students→students’ books） 3. 共同拥有：最后一名词 +’s（Mary and Lucy’s book） 4. 各自拥有：每个名词 +’s（Mary’s and Lucy’s books） of 所有格 无生命的名词 名词 + of + 名词（a map of China、a photo of my family） 双重所有格 强调 “部分所属”，限定词 + 名词 + of + 表人所有格 / 名词性物主代词 a friend of mine（我的一位朋友）、a car of my uncle’s（我叔叔的一辆车） 注意事项： 1. ’s 所有格不可用于无生命名词（错误：“the desk’s leg”，正确：“the leg of the desk”）。 2. 双重所有格中，of 后需接 “表人的所有格” 或 “名词性物主代词”，不可接形容词性物主代词（错误：“a book of my”，正确：“a book of mine”）。 四、名词词形转换表 该表格汇总名词变形容词、副词、名词的高频规则及示例，是 “用所给名词适当形式填空” 题型的核心依据。 转换 规则说明 示例 名词→形容词 1. 加 - y（部分需双写 / 去 e） 2. 加 - ful（部分变 y 为 i） 3. 加 - al（部分去 e） 4. 加 - less 5. 其他（加 - ly/-en 等） 1. health→healthy、sun→sunny、noise→noisy 2. help→helpful、beauty→beautiful 3. nation→national、culture→cultural 4. care→careless、hope→hopeless 5. friend→friendly、north→northern 名词→副词 多由 “名词→形容词” 后加 - ly，少数直接转换 success→successful→successfully、care→carefully 名词→名词 1. 加 - ist（表职业） 2. 加 - ian（表职业） 1. piano→pianist、science→scientist 2. music→musician、magic→magician 注意事项： 1. 名词变形容词时，“辅音 + y” 结尾需变 y 为 i 加 - ful（如 “beauty→beautiful”），“-e” 结尾需去 e 加 - al（如 “nature→natural”）。 2. 部分名词变形容词后语义特殊，需单独记忆（如 “live→lively”，表 “活泼的”，而非 “活着的”）。 五、名词短语类型表 该表格梳理名词短语的两种核心结构（名词 + 名词、形容词 + 名词），明确构成规则及常见示例，助力理解名词在短语中的作用。 类型 构成规则 常见示例 名词 + 名词 1. 前一名词多为单数（表类别）； 2. 例外：sports/students 等复数作定语； 3. man/woman 作定语时，随被修饰词单复数变化 1. tea art（茶艺）、basketball club（篮球俱乐部） 2. sports meeting（运动会）、students reading-room（学生阅览室） 3. a man teacher→men teachers（男老师） 形容词 + 名词 形容词修饰名词，表性质、特征 spoken English（英语口语）、free time（空闲时间）、traditional culture（传统文化） 注意事项： 1. 名词 + 名词短语中，前一名词不可用所有格（错误：“shoe’s shop”，正确：“shoe shop”）。 2. 多个形容词修饰名词时，需遵循 “限定词 + 描绘性形容词 + 性质形容词 + 名词” 顺序（如 “a beautiful red flower”）。 一、单句语法填空：用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Please type the (tour) names on the paper. 【答案】tourists’ 【详解】句意：请在纸上打印游客的名字。根据“type the...names”可知，这里指打印游客的名字，tourist意为“游客”，此处应用名词复数的名词所有格形式，故填tourists’。 2．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）Free your mind from — most of them never happen. (worry) 【答案】worries 【详解】句意：让你的心灵从这些担忧中解放出来——因为它们中的大多数永远不会发生。分析句子可知，“from”是介词，后接名词作宾语，后文“ them ”指代前文复数名词，因此“worry”需用复数形式。“worry”作“令人担忧的事”时，是可数名词，复数形式为“worries”。故填worries。 3．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）The workers covered their (mouth) with masks to protect themselves from dust. 【答案】mouths 【详解】句意：工人们用口罩遮住他们的嘴以保护自己免受灰尘侵害。根据空前的“their”可知，应填所给单词mouth“嘴”的复数形式mouths，作宾语。故填mouths。 4．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）Finally, the (couple) dream of opening a small restaurant came true. 【答案】couple’s 【详解】句意：最终，这对夫妇开一家小餐馆的梦想实现了。couple“夫妇”，名词，修饰名词“dream”应用其所有格形式couple’s，表示“夫妇的梦想”。故填couple’s。 5．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·一模）We celebrate (teacher) Day on September 10th every year. 【答案】Teachers’ 【详解】句意：我们在每年的九月十日庆祝教师节。教师节是全体教师的节日，需用复数名词的所有格形式，Teachers’ Day“教师节”，固定表达。故填Teachers’。 6．（2025·江苏扬州·一模）The film Soul mainly tells a strange experience in an amazing place. (music) 【答案】musician’s 【详解】句意：电影《心灵奇旅》主要讲述一位音乐家在一个神奇的地方的奇特经历。musician“音乐家”，名词，根据“a…strange experience”可知，此处指“音乐家的”奇特经历，结合a可知，此处应用提示词的名词单数所有格形式，表示“音乐家的”，修饰experience。故填musician’s。 7．（2024·江苏南京·模拟预测）Experts suggest that we do at least eight (hour) training per week to keep fit. 【答案】hours’ 【详解】句意：专家建议我们每周至少进行8小时的训练以保持健康。hour小时，可数名词；根据“eight...training”可知，此处应用名词复数所有格形式，表示“8小时的训练”，故填hours’。 8．（2024·山东青岛·一模）—Miss Wang, happy (teacher) Day. —Thank you, Tom. 【答案】Teachers’ 【详解】句意：——王老师，教师节快乐！——谢谢你，Tom。Teachers’ Day“教师节”，专有名词。故填Teachers’。 9．（2024·上海静安·二模）On the Double Festival last year, we visited the old people’s home nearby. (nine) 【答案】Ninth 【详解】句意：去年重阳节，我们参观了附近的老人院。此处表示“重阳节”，即the Double Ninth Festival。故填Ninth。 10．（22-23七年级·全国·假期作业）The Cyclingworld Europe trade show was held in （ German）from March 10 to 12. 【答案】Germany 【详解】句意：欧洲自行车世界贸易展于3月10日至12日在德国举行。根据“in”和提示词，可知是在德国举行。Germany德国，专有名词。故填Germany。 11．（2025·云南昭通·模拟预测）My sister is a talented ; she loves painting very much. (art) 【答案】artist 【详解】句意：我的姐姐是一位有才华的艺术家；她非常喜欢画画。art意为“艺术”，根据“she loves painting very much.”可知她是一个有天赋的艺术家。artist意为“艺术家”符合题意，故填artist。 12．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）In ancient stories, the creator gods Fuxi and Nvwa both have snake (body). 【答案】bodies 【详解】句意：在古代传说中，创世神伏羲和女娲都有蛇的身体。根据“Fuxi and Nvwa both have snake”可知此处用名词复数bodies“身体”。故填bodies。 13．（2025·上海·模拟预测）All the (win) will attend the award presentation. 【答案】winners 【详解】 句意：所有的获胜者都将参加颁奖典礼。根据“All the...”可知，此处需填名词复数形式作主语；括号内单词“win”为动词，其名词形式“winner”表示“获胜者”，复数形式为“winners”。故填winners。 14．（2025·甘肃武威·二模）As the saying goes “A good (begin) is half done”. 【答案】beginning 【详解】句意：俗话说“良好的开始是成功的一半” 。此处作名词表示“开始”，且根据前半句的冠词a可知需用单数形式，故填beginning。 15．（2025·云南昆明·三模）I think paper books won’t disappear in the future with the of e-products. (develop) 【答案】development 【详解】句意：我认为随着电子产品的发展，纸质书籍在未来不会消失。with the development of是固定搭配，表示“随着……的发展”。故填development。 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东中山·三模）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后按照句子结构的语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并将答题卡上对应题目所选的选项涂黑。 Last Saturday, my brother and I went to Grandpa Jack’s house for a family party. As soon as we sat down on the sofa, we took out 1 phones and started playing games. Seeing this, Grandpa Jack decided to tell us stories 2 his childhood. He described 3 he built tree houses and flew kites. “We didn’t have phones to play with at that time. But a frisbee (飞盘) 4 make us excited for a whole day. It was one of the most exciting 5 in my childhood,” he said. “Let’s make some fun memories,” Grandpa suggested 6 . He went to get a frisbee and invited us 7 with him outside. At first, we showed little interest because we knew nothing about it. But we decided to have 8 try. It was difficult at the beginning. We kept missing and dropping the frisbee. However, it became more fun than we thought after we 9 for a while. We ran quickly, laughed loudly and shouted happily with each successful catch. After playing, when we walked back to the house, I felt something warm inside. I realized playing with the family was much 10 than playing on the phone. Grandpa Jack had shown us a different kind of joy, and I knew this was a day I would never forget. 1. A．us B．our C．ours 2. A．about B．with C．through 3. A．what B．who C．how 4. A．could B．must C．should 5. A．toy B．toys C．toys’ 6. A．cheer B．cheerful C．cheerfully 7. A．play B．to play C．playing 8. A．a B．an C．the 9. A．practise B．practised C．has practised 10. A．interesting B．more interesting C．the most interesting 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. C 4. A 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. B 【导语】本文讲述了兄弟俩在爷爷家沉迷手机游戏时，爷爷通过分享童年故事和一起玩飞盘，让他们体验到家庭互动的快乐，最终意识到这种陪伴比手机游戏更有意义。 1. 句意： 我们一坐在沙发上，就拿出手机开始玩游戏。 us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词；ours我们的，名词性物主代词。根据“took out…phones” 可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词phones。故选B。 2. 句意： 看到这种情况，杰克爷爷决定给我们讲他童年的故事。 about关于；with和；through通过。根据“tell us stories…his childhood” 可知，此处是tell sb about sth“告诉某人关于某事”的固定搭配。故选A。 3. 句意： 他描述了他如何建造树屋和放风筝。 what什么；who谁；how如何。根据“he built tree houses and flew kites”可知，爷爷描述自己是如何建造树屋和放风筝的。故选C。 4. 句意： 但是一个飞盘能让我们兴奋一整天。 could能够，表能力；must必须；should应该。根据“...make us excited” 可知，应是飞盘能使我们高兴，表示能力，所以用could。故选A。 5. 句意： 这是我童年最令人兴奋的玩具之一。 toy玩具，单数；toys玩具，复数；toys’玩具的，所有格。根据“one of the most exciting...” 可知，此处是固定结构“one of the+最高级+名词复数”，表示“……之一”，所以需用复数名词toys。故选B。 6. 句意： “让我们制造一些有趣的回忆吧，”爷爷高兴地建议道。 cheer欢呼，动词；cheerful愉快的，形容词；cheerfully愉快地，副词。根据“suggested” 可知，需用副词修饰动词。故选C。 7. 句意： 他去拿飞盘，邀请我们和他一起出去玩。 play原形；to play不定式；playing现在分词。根据“invited us…” 可知，此处是固定短语invite sb. to do sth“邀请某人做某事”，空处需用不定式。故选B。 8. 句意： 但是我们决定试一试。 a一个，用于以辅音音素开头的单词前；an一个，用于以元音音素开头的单词前；the特指。根据“have…try” 可知，此处是固定短语have a try“试一试”。故选A。 9. 句意： 然而，在我们练习了一段时间后，它变得比我们想象的更有趣。 practise练习，原形；practised练习，过去式；has practised已经练习，现在完成时。根据“we thought after we…for a while” 可知，动作发生在过去，需用过去式。故选B。 10. 句意： 我意识到和家人一起玩比玩手机有趣多了。 interesting有趣的，原级；more interesting更有趣的，比较级；the most interesting最有趣的，最高级。根据“much…than” 可知，需用比较级。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025·广东汕头·三模）Do you know who is the “Super Brain” in China? Shan Xinghua is 1 excellent woman who created China’s 12306 railway ticket system. She received the national honor “Role Model of the Time”. 2 work solved the problem of buying train tickets, which once required a long wait at stations. In 1996, Shan began 3 this system to solve ticket-buying difficulties. Before 12306, people had to wait in long lines at stations. With China’s large population and growing travel needs, a better solution 4 . However, creating such a system was challenging. During busy periods like the Spring Festival, the system often broke down. In 2012, too many users caused technical problems. 5 Shan didn’t give up. She led her team to find solutions. They used advanced (先进的) technologies to deal with huge numbers of users while keeping information safe. Shan succeeded 6 years of hard work. She often worked hours and spent little time with her family. Today, 12306 processes millions of daily business 7 . People 8 buy tickets anytime on their phones and choose seats. This saves time and makes travel easier for everyone. Shan Xinghua’s story teaches us that effort can overcome 9 . She encourages young people to follow their dreams bravely. She also shows us 10 change our life. She is both a “Super Brain” and a national hero. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．Her B．She C．Hers 3. A．developing B．develop C．develops 4. A．is needed B．were needed C．was needed 5. A．And B．So C．But 6. A．with B．through C．by 7. A．smooth B．smoothly C．more smoothly 8. A．must B．need C．can 9. A．difficult B．difficulties C．difficultly 10. A．how technology can B．how can technology C．what technology can 【答案】 1. B 2. A 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. C 9. B 10. A 【导语】本文介绍了单杏花研发12306系统，解决了购票难题，并获得了国家荣誉“时代榜样”。 1. 句意：单杏花是中国12306火车票系统的缔造者。 a一，泛指，用于辅音音素开头的单词前；an一，泛指，用于元音音素开头的单词前；the特指。此处需不定冠词修饰“excellent woman”，且“excellent”以元音音素开头，故用“an”表示泛指。故选B。 2. 句意：她的工作解决了购买火车票的问题，这曾经需要在车站等很长时间。 Her她的（形容词性物主代词）；She她（主格）；Hers她的（名词性物主代词）。此处需形容词性物主代词Her“她的”，修饰名词“work”，指的“她的工作”。故选A。 3. 句意：1996年，单开始开发这一系统，以解决购票困难。 developing开发（现在分词或动名词）；develop开发（动词原形）；develops开发（第三人称单数形式）。根据“began...”可知，began doing sth“开始做某事”。故选A。 4. 句意：中国人口众多，旅游需求不断增长，因此需要一个更好的解决方案。 is needed被需要（一般现在时的被动语态）；were needed被需要（一般过去时的被动语态）；was needed被需要（一般过去时的被动语态）。该句是一般过去时，主语“a better solution”是单数，且与“need”之间存在被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，表“被需要”，故选C。 5. 句意：但是，单没有放弃。 And和；So所以；But但是。根据“Shan didn’t give up”可知，后文语境发生了转折，用“But”表示转折关系。故选C。 6. 句意：单通过多年的努力取得了成功。 with和；through通过，凭借；by通过某种方式。根据“years of hard”可知，此处指通过多年的努力，故选B。 7. 句意：今天，12306顺利处理了数百万的日常业务。 smooth平滑的（形容词）；smoothly平滑地（副词）；more smoothly更平滑地（副词比较级）。此处用副词“smoothly”修饰动词“processes”，表示“顺畅处理”，该句不存在比较，无需比较级。故选B。 8. 句意：人们可以在任何时间在他们的手机上买票和选座位。 must必须；need需要；can可以。根据“People...buy tickets anytime on their phones and choose seats.”可知，此处指人们可以买票选座位。故选C。 9. 句意：单杏花的故事告诉我们，努力可以克服困难。 difficult困难，单数；difficulties困难，复数；difficulty困难地，副词。根据“overcome”可知，此处指克服困难，应用名词复数形式。故选B。 10. 句意：她也向我们展示了科技是怎样改变我们的生活的。 how technology can陈述语序；how can technology疑问语序；what technology can陈述语序。根据“ She also shows us...”可知，此处是宾语从句，用陈述语序，且此处表示怎样改变，用how。故选A。 Passage 3 （2025·重庆·模拟预测）根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并在答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 Sometimes, the greatest gifts aren’t what we give, but the chances we offer. Ming, 1 twelve-year-old boy, worked in his grandfather’s teahouse near the Jialing River. One foggy (有雾的) morning, he noticed a boy outside. The 2 clothes were old and his shoes were broken. “Grandpa, 3 is that boy?” Ming asked. “That’s Li Wei. His father fell ill last winter, so now he works to help his family,” Grandfather said. Ming remembered what Grandfather said: “True kindness is to give respect, not just pity.” He decided 4 . Running to the door, Ming called out, “Li Wei! Would you like to help us wash teacups? You can get some money and have breakfast 5 us.” When Li Wei heard that, his face was full of joy. He didn’t just wash teacups—he 6 to Grandfather’s stories about Chongqing and even learned how to greet customers in Chongqing dialect (方言). He worked 7 all morning. As the sun set, turning the river gold, Grandfather said to Ming, “You didn’t just give him food 8 money today.” You gave something more important to 9 —a chance to grow.” Watching Li Wei’s smile, Ming understood how small acts of kindness could warm the 10 day of the winter. 1. A．a B．an C．the 2. A．boy B．boy’s C．boys’ 3. A．who B．what C．where 4. A．act B．to act C．acting 5. A．for B．as C．with 6. A．listens B．listened C．has listened 7. A．care B．careful C．carefully 8. A．and B．or C．but 9. A．he B．him C．his 10. A．cold B．colder C．coldest 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. C 【导语】本文主要讲了12岁的Ming在祖父的茶馆工作时，遇到衣衫褴褛的男孩李伟。得知李伟因父亲生病而打工养家后，Ming没有直接施舍，而是邀请他帮忙洗茶杯换取报酬和早餐。展现了善意最高级的形式——不是物质施舍，而是通过创造机会让他人获得自立更生的能力和尊严。 1. 句意：Ming，一个12岁的男孩，在嘉陵江附近的祖父茶馆工作。 a一个(用于辅音音素开头)；an一个(用于元音音素开头)；the特指。根据“Ming, … twelve-year-old boy”可知，此处泛指一个12岁的男孩，用不定冠词，twelve以辅音音素开头，因此用a。故选A。 2. 句意：那个男孩的衣服很旧，鞋子也破了。 boy男孩；boy’s男孩的；boys’男孩们的。根据“he noticed a boy outside”可知，此处指那个“男孩的”衣服，用单数所有格。故选B。 3. 句意：“爷爷，那个男孩是谁？”Ming问道。 who谁；what什么；where哪里。此句缺少主语，表示“谁”，用who。故选A。 4. 句意：他决定采取行动。 act动词原形；to act不定式；acting动名词/现在分词。此处是decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，为固定搭配。故选B。 5. 句意：你可以得到一些钱并和我们一起吃早餐。 for为了；as作为；with和……一起。根据“have breakfast … us.”可知，此处表示“与我们一起”，用with。故选C。 6. 句意：他不仅洗了茶杯，还听了祖父关于重庆的故事，甚至学会了用重庆方言问候顾客。 listens一般现在时；listened一般过去时；has listened现在完成时。根据全文可知，为过去时态，需保持一致。故选B。 7. 句意：他整个上午都认真地工作。 care小心；careful仔细的；carefully仔细地，认真地。此处修饰动词“worked”，用副词。故选C。 8. 句意：你今天不只是给了他食物或金钱。 and和(并列)；or或(选择)；but但是(转折)。根据“You didn’t just give him food … money”可知，否定句中表“或”，用or。故选B。 9. 句意：你给了他更重要的东西——成长的机会。 he他；him他；his他的。介词to后接宾格。故选B。 10. 句意：看着李伟的笑容，Ming明白了小小的善举能温暖冬日最寒冷的一天。 cold冷的，原级；colder较冷的，比较级；coldest最冷的，最高级。根据“the … day of the winter.”可知，此处用最高级。故选C。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·山东日照·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Zara Lachlan is 21 years old and from the UK. She set off from Portugal in a rowing boat on October 27. She would be rowing across the Atlantic Ocean with no one else to help her. Zara faced many 1 (challenge) along the way. Big waves turned her boat over. She hurt her arm, cut her leg, and 2 (break) a finger. At one point, she was nearly run over by a large ship. When she was crossing through the Canary Islands, Zara ran into a big storm. And 3 kept her boat off course for some time. However, Zara was so strong-willed that she decided not 4 (give) up. Her goal was to be 5 youngest person to row across the Atlantic. For Zara, the trip was also a chance to see nature as few people ever do. She saw dolphins, sharks, and even killer whales. One time, she 6 (hit) by a flying fish. She says the trip gave her many memories that would stay 7 her for life. After 97 days, she 8 (successful) arrived in Guiana, on the coast of South America on February 1st, 2025. “I went through a hard time. It took a 9 (long) time than I had expected, 10 I’m still proud of my effort,” Zara says. 【答案】 1．challenges 2．broke 3．it 4．to give 5．the 6．was hit 7．with 8．successfully 9．longer 10．but 【导语】本文讲述了21岁的英国女孩Zara Lachlan独自划船穿越大西洋的经历，她克服了重重困难，最终成功抵达目的地，实现了自己的目标。 1．句意：Zara一路上面临着许多挑战。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词复数形式，“challenge”的复数形式是“challenges”。故填challenges。 2．句意：她伤了胳膊，割伤了腿，还折断了一根手指。根据“hurt”和“cut”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，“break”的过去式是“broke”。故填broke。 3．句意：并且这使她的船偏离航线一段时间。根据“And”可知，此处指代前文提到的“a big storm”，用代词“it”来指代这场大风暴。故填it。 4．句意：然而，Zara意志坚强，她决定不放弃。根据“decided not”可知，此处是固定搭配“decide not to do sth.”表示“决定不做某事”，因此用动词不定式“to give”。故填to give。 5．句意：她的目标是成为横渡大西洋最年轻的人。根据“youngest person”可知，此处表示最高级，因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。 6．句意：有一次，她被一条飞鱼击中。根据“One time”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，且主语“she”与“hit”之间是被动关系，因此用一般过去时的被动语态“was hit”。故填was hit。 7．句意：她说这次旅行给了她许多将终生难忘的回忆。“stay with sb.”表示“陪伴某人，与某人同在”，此处指记忆会陪伴她一生，因此用介词“with”。故填with。 8．句意：97天后，她于2025年2月1日成功抵达南美洲海岸的圭亚那。根据“arrived”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，“successful”的副词形式是“successfully”。故填successfully。 9．句意：这比我预期的时间要长。根据“than”可知，此处应用比较级形式，“long”的比较级是“longer”。故填longer。 10．句意：这比我预期的时间要长，但我仍然为自己的努力感到骄傲。根据“It took a longer time than I had expected”和“I’m still proud of my effort”可知，前后两句之间是转折关系，因此用连词“but”表示“但是”。故填but。 Passage 2 （2025·四川乐山·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填写1个适当的单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。 At the end of 2023, Hefei held a marathon. Among so many runners, 1 old couple caught the attention of many people. They 2 (be) 86-year-old Hu Yingfu and 77-year-old Wang Zhangmin. Hu finished the half marathon in 2 hours and 21 minutes, and his wife, Wang, completed it in 2 hours and 23 minutes. In fact, this wasn’t the 3 (one) time that the couple had taken part in the marathon. In 1997, the couple joined a running club. At first, they started running 4 (keep) fit. But over time, they found it was a relaxing sport and became more interested in it. In 2004, they took part in a marathon for the elderly. To 5 (they) surprise, Wang won the fourth place. In April 2011, the couple finished their first half marathon 6 (safe) in Yangzhou. In December of the same year, they finished the full marathon in Shanghai. At that time, Hu was 74 years old, and Wang was 65 years old. Since then, the couple have started their “marathon journey”. Over next ten years, they have taken part in many 7 (race) across the country every year. And they have completed 8 (many) than 100 marathon events. For years, they have been running 10,000 meters every day. They have covered over 40,000 kilometers 9 won 203 medals in many national sports events. Through running, the couple have made friends 10 other runners, and influenced by them, more and more young people have joined running. 【答案】 1. an 2. were 3. first 4. to keep 5. their 6. safely 7. races 8. more 9. and 10. with 【导语】本文讲述了一对老年夫妇胡应福和王章敏热爱马拉松运动，多年来坚持参加各种马拉松赛事并取得了不俗成绩的故事。 1. 句意：在众多跑步者中，一对老夫妇吸引了许多人的注意。根据“Among so many runners...old couple caught the attention of many people.”可知，此处表达一对老夫妇，“old”为元音音素开头，用不定冠词an表示“一个”。故填an。 2. 句意：他们是86岁的胡应福和77岁的王章敏。根据“They...86-year-old Hu Yingfu and 77-year-old Wang Zhangmin.”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词用were，表示“是”。故填were。 3. 句意：事实上，这并不是这对夫妇第一次参加马拉松比赛。根据“In fact, this wasn’t the...time that the couple had taken part in the marathon.”可知，此处表达第一次，用序数词first表示顺序。故填first。 4. 句意：起初，他们开始跑步是为了保持健康。根据“At first, they started running...fit.”可知，此处表达他们跑步的目的，用动词不定式to keep作目的状语，表示“为了保持”。故填to keep。 5. 句意：令他们惊讶的是，王获得了第四名。根据“To...surprise, Wang won the fourth place.”可知，此处表达令他们惊讶的是，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词surprise，表示“他们的”。故填their。 6. 句意：2011年4月，这对夫妇在扬州安全地完成了他们的首次半程马拉松。根据“In April 2011, the couple finished their first half marathon...in Yangzhou.”可知，此处表达安全地完成，用副词safely修饰动词finished，表示“安全地”。故填safely。 7. 句意：在接下来的十年里，他们每年都参加全国各地的许多比赛。根据“Over next ten years, they have taken part in many...across the country every year.”可知，此处表达许多比赛，用名词复数形式races表示泛指。故填races。 8. 句意：并且他们已经完成了超过100场马拉松赛事。根据“And they have completed...than 100 marathon events.”可知，此处表达超过，more than表示“多于，超过”。故填more。 9. 句意：他们已经跑了超过4万公里，并在许多全国性的体育赛事中赢得了203枚奖牌。根据“They have covered over 40,000 kilometers...won 203 medals in many national sports events.”可知，此处前后两个分句为并列关系，用连词and连接。故填and。 10. 句意：通过跑步，这对夫妇与其他跑步者交上了朋友，并且在他们的影响下，越来越多的年轻人加入了跑步的行列。根据“Through running, the couple have made friends...other runners”可知，此处表达交朋友，make friends with“与……交朋友”。故填with。 Passage 3 （2025·青海·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个恰当的单词或用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 This year is the “Weight Management Year” (体重管理年). More and more people want to know how to keep healthy. Experts list some ways. Healthy food is necessary. We need to eat what we need rather than what we like. Whole-grain foods (全谷物), fresh fruit 1 vegetables keep people lively. Don’t forget 2 (drink) enough water. Exercise is a good choice. Exercise can make bodies 3 (strong). For example, walking, hiking and jogging are good for 4 (we). We’d better exercise no less than one hour a day. Sleeping well is another key. If you don’t want to feel 5 (sleep) in the daytime, then you need to go to bed early and get 6 early. Sleeping well helps to focus better. Students are supposed to sleep at least for nine 7 (hour) every night. Being positive (积极的) matters. When you are stressed and nervous, why not talk 8 your friends or someone you trust. Positive mind is just as important as a fit body. In a word, healthy 9 (habit) help everyone enjoy life. Managing weight isn’t just about 10 (look) good, it is about feeling great inside and out. 【答案】 1. and 2. to drink 3. stronger/strong 4. us 5. sleepy 6. up 7. hours 8. to/with 9. habits 10. looking 【导语】本文主要介绍了保持健康的几种方法，包括健康饮食、锻炼、良好睡眠和积极心态等。 1. 句意：全谷物、新鲜水果和蔬菜能让人保持活力。根据“Whole-grain foods (全谷物), fresh fruit...vegetables keep people lively”可知，此处连接三个并列的名词短语“Whole-grain foods”、“fresh fruit”和“vegetables”，故此处需用并列连词and。故填and。 2. 句意：别忘了喝足够的水。forget to do“忘记做某事（未做）”，此处指“不要忘记去做喝水这件事”。故填to drink。 3. 句意：锻炼能使身体更强壮/强壮。make后接形容词作宾语补足语，stronger“更强壮的”和strong“强壮的”均符合语境，此处指锻炼让身体变得更强壮或变得强壮。故填stronger/strong。 4. 句意：例如，散步、远足和慢跑对我们有好处。for为介词，后接人称代词宾格，we的宾格形式是us，此处指这些运动对我们有益。故填us。 5. 句意：如果你不想在白天感到困倦，那么你需要早睡早起。feel为系动词，后接形容词作表语，sleep的形容词形式是sleepy“困倦的”，此处指白天感觉困倦。故填sleepy。 6. 句意：如果你不想在白天感到困倦，那么你需要早睡早起。get up“起床”，此处与“go to bed early”对应，指早起。故填up。 7. 句意：学生们每晚应该至少睡九个小时。nine“九”后接可数名词复数形式，hour的复数是hours“小时”，故应是睡九个小时。故填hours。 8. 句意：当你感到压力大和紧张时，为什么不告诉你的朋友或你信任的人呢？talk to/with“和……交谈”，此处指和朋友或信任的人交谈。故填to/with。 9. 句意：总之，健康的习惯帮助每个人享受生活。habit“习惯”，为可数名词，此处表示泛指健康的习惯，应用复数形式habits。故填habits。 10. 句意：体重管理不仅仅是为了看起来好看，更是为了由内而外都感觉良好。about是介词，后接动名词形式，look的动名词是looking，此处指“看起来”。故填looking。 18 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $