第三讲 冠词-2026年中考英语一轮复习 语法重难点专项突破（语法讲义+配套练习）（全国通用）

中考核心语法·精练 第三讲 冠词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、冠词分类与核心功能表 该表格明确冠词的三大类别及整体功能，帮助快速建立冠词语法框架，理解其 “辅助名词说明所指对象” 的核心作用。 类别 具体形式 核心功能 不定冠词 a / an 修饰单数可数名词，表泛指（某类 / 某个）、数量 “一” 定冠词 the 修饰名词，表特指（特定对象）、独一无二事物等 零冠词 不填（用 “/” 表示） 无需限定名词时使用，多表泛指类别、固定场景等 整体功能 不可独立使用，必须置于名词前 明确名词所指的人或事物范围，避免歧义 注意事项： 1. 冠词的选择需结合名词 “是否可数”“是否特指”“场景是否固定” 判断，不可仅凭名词类型盲目选择； 2. 零冠词并非 “无意义”，而是约定俗成的 “无需限定” 情况，需单独记忆固定场景。 二、不定冠词（a/an）用法与区别表 该表格聚焦 a/an 的核心区别（音素判断）、特例及具体用法，解决 “何时用 a、何时用 an” 的高频问题。 分类 规则说明 示例 a 与 an 的区别 核心依据：看名词首个音素（非首字母） 1. a：辅音音素开头 2. an：元音音素开头 1. a boy（/b/ 辅音）、a university（/ju:/ 辅音） 2. an apple（/æ/ 元音）、an hour（/aʊ/ 元音，h 不发音） 特例情况 1. 以 “e” 开头且 e 不发音 2. 以 “u” 开头： - 发 /ʌ/（元音） - 发 /ju:/（辅音） 3. 以 “h” 开头且 h 不发音 1. a European country（/j/ 辅音） 2. an umbrella（/ʌ/）、a useful book（/ju:/） 3. an honest boy（/ɒ/ 元音） a/an 的用法 1. 泛指人 / 事物类别 2. 泛指某个人 / 某物 3. 表数量 “一” 4. 固定搭配 5. 序数词前表 “又一 / 再一” 1. A bird can fly.（表 “鸟类”） 2. A girl is waiting.（表 “某个女孩”） 3. an egg（表 “一个鸡蛋”） 4. have a rest、a lot 5. read a third time（“再读一遍”） 注意事项： 1. 切勿以 “首字母” 判断 a/an（如 “hour” 首字母 h 是辅音，但发音为元音，需用 an）； 2. 序数词前用 a/an 时，强调 “额外一次”，而非 “顺序”（如 “a second cup” 表 “再一杯”，而非 “第二杯”）。 三、定冠词（the）用法表 该表格结合记忆口诀，梳理 the 的 12 类核心用法及 “有无 the 含义不同” 的特例，覆盖定冠词高频考点。 记忆口诀 用法说明 示例 独（独一无二） 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the moon、the earth、the sun 旧（上文提及） 指代上文已经提到过的人或事物 Here is a pen. The pen is red. 双（双方已知） 指代谈话双方都明确的人或事物 Open the window, please.（双方都知道 “哪扇窗”） 方（方位名词） 用于方位名词前 the east、the north、in the south 级（最高级） 用于形容词 / 副词最高级前 the tallest boy、the most beautiful 乐（西方乐器） 用于西方乐器名词前 play the piano、play the violin 序（序数词） 用于序数词前（表顺序） the first day、the third floor 姓（姓氏复数） 用于姓氏复数前，表 “一家人 / 夫妇” the Greens（格林一家）、the Wangs 形（形容词） 用于形容词前，表 “一类人 / 事物” the young（年轻人）、the poor（穷人） 山河（专有名词） 用于普通名词构成的山河、建筑等专有名词前 the Yellow River、the Great Wall 惯（习惯用语） 用于固定习惯用语中 in the morning、at the foot of 建筑（特定建筑） 用于特定建筑名词前 the Palace Museum、the White House 有无 the 含义不同 1. 表动作 vs 表地点 2. 表状态 vs 表地点 1. at school（上课）vs at the school（在学校） 2. in hospital（住院）vs in the hospital（在医院） 注意事项： 1. 非西方乐器前不加 the（如 “play erhu”，二胡是中国乐器）； 2. “the + 形容词” 表一类人时，视为复数（如 “The old are respected.”，谓语用复数）。 四、零冠词（不填）用法表 该表格整理零冠词的 9 类固定场景，明确 “何时无需加冠词”，避免冗余或错误添加冠词。 适用场景 规则说明 示例 名词前有限定词 名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或所有格（无需额外限定） my book（物主代词）、this pen（指示代词）、Jim’s bag（所有格） 不可数 / 复数名词 表泛指类别（无特定对象） Water is important.（不可数）、Dogs are friendly.（复数） 球类 / 学科 / 语言 / 三餐 固定场景泛指，无特定对象 play basketball、learn Chinese、have breakfast 专有名词 国名、人名、地名等本身为特定名称 China、Mr Li、Beijing 季节 / 月份 / 星期 表泛指时间（无特定某一个） in spring、on Monday、in October 称呼 / 头衔 / 职务 直接指代身份，无需限定 Mum、Doctor Wang、elected president 公共节日 固定节日名称，表泛指 Women’s Day、National Day by + 交通工具 表交通方式（无特定工具） by train、by bike、by ship 习惯用语 约定俗成的固定搭配 go to school、at night、on foot 注意事项： 1. 若复数名词 / 不可数名词表 “特指”，需加 the（如 “The water in this cup is clean.”，特指 “这杯里的水”）； 2. 学科名词前若有形容词修饰表 “某一门”，需加 the（如 “the English we learn”，特指 “我们学的英语”）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个合适的单词 1．（2026九年级·广西·专题练习）I forgot to bring umbrella, so I got wet on the way to school. 2．（2026九年级·河北·专题练习）I volunteered as guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend. 3．（2025九年级·浙江·专题练习）It’s perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending a tiring day. It’s worth a go, isn’t it? 4．（2025九年级·山东·专题练习）I took him to computer in my room and said, “Right here.” 5．（2025九年级·山东·专题练习）The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It was invented for people to see each other while talking online. Then we came up with idea. 6．（2023·湖南永州·二模）—Do you know the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Lin Tao? —Yes, it’s “Together for Shared Future”. 7．（2023·湖南永州·二模）ChatGPT is great step in science and technology. 8．（2023·湖南永州·三模）Although Tom is only 8-year-old boy, he can do lots of housework. 9．（2023·湖南常德·二模）I want to be artist because I like painting very much. 10．（2023·湖南永州·一模）In China, it’s impolite to hit empty bowl with your chopsticks. 11．（2023·湖南永州·一模）Lucy is such honest girl that we all believe in her. 12．（2023·湖南永州·二模）Where’s my shirt, Mum? It’s on chair in your room, maybe. 13．（2023·湖南永州·一模）You can trust Tom. He is honest boy. 14．（2023·湖南永州·一模）It is useful invention. 15．（2022·湖南永州·二模）July 1st, 2021 is 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东佛山·二模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 When Joe was little, his parents taught him to say “thank you”. He said it whenever he 1 some help by others, but it was just a careless reply. He only cared about 2 he got. He wasn’t 3 thankful for the people who helped him. As he grew older, he realized it was wrong and decided 4 a change. Now, Joe has developed a new habit to be more thankful. Every morning, he starts a day by thinking 5 three things to thank for. They can be as 6 as a sunny day, or as wonderful as getting a new computer. During the day, he makes an effort to look for good things. When he finds one, he experiences the gratitude (感激) fully. This brings 7 a better feeling. For example, when his bike broke down, he didn’t get mad but 8 thankful for not having an accident. He also thanks people from the bottom of his heart 9 they do something kind for him. At 10 end of the day, he writes down all the good things that happens. Through the habit, he has learned the true meaning of being thankful. 1. A．offered B．was offering C．was offered 2. A．how B．what C．that 3. A．truly B．true C．truth 4. A．make B．to make C．making 5. A．for B．of C．with 6. A．simple B．simpler C．simplest 7. A．he B．him C．his 8. A．felt B．feels C．will feel 9. A．so B．until C．when 10. A．a B．an C．the Passage 2 （2025·广东佛山·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 39-year-old Liu is a shop owner in Xinjiang. Days ago, he 1 by people for patiently picking a hat for a sick child and giving it to the child for free. The moving story took place in 2 children’s clothes shop in Xinjiang on December 31. That day a woman with a child walked into the shop and stood in front of a shelf filled with 3 for a long time. The child looked pale and his mother wasn’t sure which hat to pick. Seeing that, the shop owner Liu talked with the mother to see if he could help 4 . After knowing that the child was receiving chemotherapy (化疗), Liu decided 5 him a hat for free. He then put different hats on the child 6 until he chose his favourite one. The mother was very thankful 7 Liu. Liu is from Zhengzhou, Henan. He and his wife 8 a shop selling children’s clothes in Xinjiang years ago. The couple have sent clothes worth 20,000 yuan to poor children 9 they started the shop. “The hat isn’t worth much. I just hope it will bring warmth to him. I just want to be kinder and 10 in the future. Everyone should show a little love to others, especially those who are in need.” Liu said. 1. A．praised B．is praised C．was praised 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．hat B．hats C．hats’ 4. A．they B．them C．their 5. A．give B．giving C．to give 6. A．care B．careful C．carefully 7. A．to B．from C．with 8. A．open B．opened C．will open 9. A．since B．while C．unless 10. A．helpful B．more helpful C．the most helpful Passage 3 （2025·广东东莞·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 You know I felt very sad yesterday. I got up at 5:00 in the morning and I 1 to meet my aunt at the bus station. I waited there long for 2 and nearly lost my patience. She came at last! Then I took her to the hospital. After that, I drove straight to the gas station. I queued up (排队) for more than one hour 3 the very hot sun at the gas station. Finally, it’s my turn. I got back home at 1:30 p.m. to have my lunch, 4 only to find nothing to eat. So I had to go to the market 5 some food. Then I cooked my lunch. I almost fainted (晕倒) from hunger. To make myself feel good, I wrote an email to you. It was kind of you to reply so quickly. Then I went to a cafe to have some coffee. When I decided to go back home, I found a flat tyre (轮胎没气) of my car. Blue, I felt very bad at that time. Finally, I changed the tyre and got home safely. After dinner, I took 6 shower and washed my hair before going to bed. Suddenly, all 7 in my house went out. I realized there was a power cut. My hair couldn’t 8 . So I had to go to bed with my hair wet. When I got up this morning, I found 9 I caught a cold. My voice really sounds terrible now. I never expected my holidays to be like this. Now it feels 10 than before to talk to you about my bad feelings. You can also share your sadness and happiness with me. I hope to get your reply soon. 1. A．went B．was going C．have gone 2. A．she B．her C．hers 3. A．at B．in C．on 4. A．and B．or C．but 5. A．buy B．buying C．to buy 6. A．a B．an C．the 7. A．lights B．light C．light’s 8. A．dry B．be drying C．be dried 9. A．what B．that C．how 10. A．good B．better C．best 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 5G makes it possible for people 1 (go) on the high-speed internet. The ideal speed of 5G can be up 2 10GB per second. Have you noticed that the “5G” sign on your phone screen has changed to “5G-A”? This means that your phone is using a new testing network called 5G-A．So far it 3 (cover) over thirty areas in our country. It is supposed to serve 50 million 4 (use), according to People’s Daily. Most phones on 5 market can use it. Using 5G-A does not use more data (数据) 6 cost extra money. It’s about ten times faster than 5G, making chatting, gaming and downloading videos much 7 (smooth). In the past, it 8 (take) a long time to download a video, but now it can 9 (do) in just a few seconds over 5G-A． With new technologies like 5G-A, AI, and big data, smart technology will 10 (certain) bring great changes to our life. Passage 2 （2025·江苏常州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I first became interested in calligraphy (书法) when my mum took me to a museum. The beautiful pieces of writing there were so shining that I 1 (touch) by them at once. I decided to try it 2 (I) the very same way. So, I took part in a calligraphy class. At first, I found it quite challenging. Holding the soft brush 3 (correct) and controlling the ink (墨水) seemed difficult. 4 , with practice and patience, I got improved. Since I began practising my calligraphy skills, I 5 (learn) more about Chinese characters. Over thousands of years, they have developed from drawings into standard forms. What’s more, Chinese people’s attitude (态度) toward life is shown in calligraphy, too. 6 a treasure of Chinese traditional culture, calligraphy is now practised by many people. Calligraphy is not only 7 writing skill but also an art that can develop our mind and character. It is now one of my 8 (hobby) that help me relax. When I write, my mind starts to become peaceful, especially when I’m stressed. I’m also 9 (pride) to see my works get better and better. When the Spring Festival comes, my mother always enjoys 10 (stick) the “Fu” character I write onto the door. What a happy time calligraphy has brought us! Passage 3 （2025·黑龙江·中考真题）Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word. Hi, my young friends! I am Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Here I am writing to share my story with you. I was born in 1909. I am 116 years old now. My 1 (build) was Zhan Tianyou, a brave and smart man. He believed China should build its own railway 2 other countries’ help. So he built me, China’s first self-built railway. At first, my trains used steam (蒸汽).Their top speed was only 35 km/h. Then, the trains 3 (start) to use diesel (柴油). Later, there were even better trains that used electricity. It took 4 (simple) three hours to finish the trip. In 2020, the new high-speed railway opened on December 30. I was so 5 (please). People only needed to spend 47 minutes 6 (travel) from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the two host 7 (city) for the event, welcomed lots of people from around the world. The railway played 8 important role. Although I am too old 9 (keep) working these days, people will keep me as part of history. I am a little sad, 10 still proud of all the achievements that China has made in the past few years. Zhan Tianyou must be proud, too. 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $中考核心语法·精练 第三讲 冠词 2026年中考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 核心语法回顾 专项能力突破 解题综合提升 一、冠词分类与核心功能表 该表格明确冠词的三大类别及整体功能，帮助快速建立冠词语法框架，理解其 “辅助名词说明所指对象” 的核心作用。 类别 具体形式 核心功能 不定冠词 a / an 修饰单数可数名词，表泛指（某类 / 某个）、数量 “一” 定冠词 the 修饰名词，表特指（特定对象）、独一无二事物等 零冠词 不填（用 “/” 表示） 无需限定名词时使用，多表泛指类别、固定场景等 整体功能 不可独立使用，必须置于名词前 明确名词所指的人或事物范围，避免歧义 注意事项： 1. 冠词的选择需结合名词 “是否可数”“是否特指”“场景是否固定” 判断，不可仅凭名词类型盲目选择； 2. 零冠词并非 “无意义”，而是约定俗成的 “无需限定” 情况，需单独记忆固定场景。 二、不定冠词（a/an）用法与区别表 该表格聚焦 a/an 的核心区别（音素判断）、特例及具体用法，解决 “何时用 a、何时用 an” 的高频问题。 分类 规则说明 示例 a 与 an 的区别 核心依据：看名词首个音素（非首字母） 1. a：辅音音素开头 2. an：元音音素开头 1. a boy（/b/ 辅音）、a university（/ju:/ 辅音） 2. an apple（/æ/ 元音）、an hour（/aʊ/ 元音，h 不发音） 特例情况 1. 以 “e” 开头且 e 不发音 2. 以 “u” 开头： - 发 /ʌ/（元音） - 发 /ju:/（辅音） 3. 以 “h” 开头且 h 不发音 1. a European country（/j/ 辅音） 2. an umbrella（/ʌ/）、a useful book（/ju:/） 3. an honest boy（/ɒ/ 元音） a/an 的用法 1. 泛指人 / 事物类别 2. 泛指某个人 / 某物 3. 表数量 “一” 4. 固定搭配 5. 序数词前表 “又一 / 再一” 1. A bird can fly.（表 “鸟类”） 2. A girl is waiting.（表 “某个女孩”） 3. an egg（表 “一个鸡蛋”） 4. have a rest、a lot 5. read a third time（“再读一遍”） 注意事项： 1. 切勿以 “首字母” 判断 a/an（如 “hour” 首字母 h 是辅音，但发音为元音，需用 an）； 2. 序数词前用 a/an 时，强调 “额外一次”，而非 “顺序”（如 “a second cup” 表 “再一杯”，而非 “第二杯”）。 三、定冠词（the）用法表 该表格结合记忆口诀，梳理 the 的 12 类核心用法及 “有无 the 含义不同” 的特例，覆盖定冠词高频考点。 记忆口诀 用法说明 示例 独（独一无二） 用于世界上独一无二的事物前 the moon、the earth、the sun 旧（上文提及） 指代上文已经提到过的人或事物 Here is a pen. The pen is red. 双（双方已知） 指代谈话双方都明确的人或事物 Open the window, please.（双方都知道 “哪扇窗”） 方（方位名词） 用于方位名词前 the east、the north、in the south 级（最高级） 用于形容词 / 副词最高级前 the tallest boy、the most beautiful 乐（西方乐器） 用于西方乐器名词前 play the piano、play the violin 序（序数词） 用于序数词前（表顺序） the first day、the third floor 姓（姓氏复数） 用于姓氏复数前，表 “一家人 / 夫妇” the Greens（格林一家）、the Wangs 形（形容词） 用于形容词前，表 “一类人 / 事物” the young（年轻人）、the poor（穷人） 山河（专有名词） 用于普通名词构成的山河、建筑等专有名词前 the Yellow River、the Great Wall 惯（习惯用语） 用于固定习惯用语中 in the morning、at the foot of 建筑（特定建筑） 用于特定建筑名词前 the Palace Museum、the White House 有无 the 含义不同 1. 表动作 vs 表地点 2. 表状态 vs 表地点 1. at school（上课）vs at the school（在学校） 2. in hospital（住院）vs in the hospital（在医院） 注意事项： 1. 非西方乐器前不加 the（如 “play erhu”，二胡是中国乐器）； 2. “the + 形容词” 表一类人时，视为复数（如 “The old are respected.”，谓语用复数）。 四、零冠词（不填）用法表 该表格整理零冠词的 9 类固定场景，明确 “何时无需加冠词”，避免冗余或错误添加冠词。 适用场景 规则说明 示例 名词前有限定词 名词前已有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词或所有格（无需额外限定） my book（物主代词）、this pen（指示代词）、Jim’s bag（所有格） 不可数 / 复数名词 表泛指类别（无特定对象） Water is important.（不可数）、Dogs are friendly.（复数） 球类 / 学科 / 语言 / 三餐 固定场景泛指，无特定对象 play basketball、learn Chinese、have breakfast 专有名词 国名、人名、地名等本身为特定名称 China、Mr Li、Beijing 季节 / 月份 / 星期 表泛指时间（无特定某一个） in spring、on Monday、in October 称呼 / 头衔 / 职务 直接指代身份，无需限定 Mum、Doctor Wang、elected president 公共节日 固定节日名称，表泛指 Women’s Day、National Day by + 交通工具 表交通方式（无特定工具） by train、by bike、by ship 习惯用语 约定俗成的固定搭配 go to school、at night、on foot 注意事项： 1. 若复数名词 / 不可数名词表 “特指”，需加 the（如 “The water in this cup is clean.”，特指 “这杯里的水”）； 2. 学科名词前若有形容词修饰表 “某一门”，需加 the（如 “the English we learn”，特指 “我们学的英语”）。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入一个合适的单词 1．（2026九年级·广西·专题练习）I forgot to bring umbrella, so I got wet on the way to school. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：我忘记带雨伞了，因此上学的路上我被淋湿了。根据可数名词“umbrella”可知，空处需填一个冠词，又因为umbrella其音标的第一个音素是元音。故填an。 2．（2026九年级·河北·专题练习）I volunteered as guide in Chengdu Museum last weekend. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：上周末我在成都博物馆当了一名导游志愿者。根据“volunteered as ... guide”可知，此处表示做一名导游志愿者，空格后guide“导游”是可数名词单数形式，且发音以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词“a”,表泛指。故填a。 3．（2025九年级·浙江·专题练习）It’s perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending a tiring day. It’s worth a go, isn’t it? 【答案】a 【详解】句意：这是一个完美的方式来帮助你度过劳累的一天后，给你一种幸福和平静的感觉。值得一试，不是吗？根据“It’s ... perfect way to help give you a sense of happiness and peace after spending a tiring day.”可知，横线处表泛指，而“perfect”为辅音音素开头。故填a。 4．（2025九年级·山东·专题练习）I took him to computer in my room and said, “Right here.” 【答案】the 【详解】句意：我把他带到我房间的电脑前说：“就在这里。”根据“computer in my room”可知，此处指“我房间里的电脑”，应用定冠词the，表示特指。故填the。 5．（2025九年级·山东·专题练习）The other day, we chatted with my grandmother, and mentioned video calling over the Internet. It was invented for people to see each other while talking online. Then we came up with idea. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：前几天，我们和奶奶聊天，提到了网络视频通话。它是为了让人们在网上聊天时能看到彼此而发明的。然后我们想出了一个主意。“idea”是可数名词，这里表示“想出了一个主意”，是泛指，这里需要填一个不定冠词来修饰“idea”，“idea”的发音以元音音素开头，前面要用不定冠词“an” 。故填an。 6．（2023·湖南永州·二模）—Do you know the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Lin Tao? —Yes, it’s “Together for Shared Future”. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：——林涛，你知道北京2022年冬奥会的官方口号是什么吗？——是的。它是“一起向未来”。Future在此处是抽象名词具体化了，所以是泛指“一个”，且Shared以辅音音素开头，所以用不定冠词a，故填a。 7．（2023·湖南永州·二模）ChatGPT is great step in science and technology. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：ChatGPT是科学技术的一大进步。空格后为名词“step”，故空格处应填不定冠词表示“一”的概念，great以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a，故填a。 8．（2023·湖南永州·三模）Although Tom is only 8-year-old boy, he can do lots of housework. 【答案】an 【详解】句意： 虽然汤姆只是一个8岁的男孩，但他能做很多家务。此处是泛指一个8岁的男孩，应用不定冠词，8是以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 9．（2023·湖南常德·二模）I want to be artist because I like painting very much. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：我想成为一名艺术家，因为我非常喜欢绘画。artist“艺术家”是可数名词单数形式，此处指“一名艺术家”，且artist是元音音素开头的单词，所以用不定冠词an修饰，故填an。 10．（2023·湖南永州·一模）In China, it’s impolite to hit empty bowl with your chopsticks. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：在中国，用筷子打空碗是不礼貌的。名词bowl是可数名词单数，前面需用不定冠词限定，empty是元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 11．（2023·湖南永州·一模）Lucy is such honest girl that we all believe in her. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：露西是一个非常诚实的女孩，我们都信任她。根据“girl ”是单数名词可知，此处指“一个女孩”，且空后honest是以元音音素开头，所以不定冠词用an。故填an。 12．（2023·湖南永州·二模）Where’s my shirt, Mum? It’s on chair in your room, maybe. 【答案】the 【详解】句意：妈妈，我的衬衫在哪里？也许在你房间的椅子上。此处特指房间的椅子上，用定冠词the，故填the。 13．（2023·湖南永州·一模）You can trust Tom. He is honest boy. 【答案】an 【详解】句意：你可以相信汤姆。他是个诚实的孩子。此处是表示泛指，且honest以元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。 14．（2023·湖南永州·一模）It is useful invention. 【答案】a 【详解】句意：这是一项有用的发明。invention“发明”，可数名词单数，前面应该使用冠词a/an修饰，useful开头为辅音音素。故填a。 15．（2022·湖南永州·二模）July 1st, 2021 is 100th anniversary of the founding of the Communist Party of China. 【答案】the 【详解】句意：2021年7月1日是中国共产党成立100周年。根据“100th anniversary”可知，在序数词前应用定冠词the来限定。故填the。 二、语法选择 Passage 1 （2025·广东佛山·二模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 When Joe was little, his parents taught him to say “thank you”. He said it whenever he 1 some help by others, but it was just a careless reply. He only cared about 2 he got. He wasn’t 3 thankful for the people who helped him. As he grew older, he realized it was wrong and decided 4 a change. Now, Joe has developed a new habit to be more thankful. Every morning, he starts a day by thinking 5 three things to thank for. They can be as 6 as a sunny day, or as wonderful as getting a new computer. During the day, he makes an effort to look for good things. When he finds one, he experiences the gratitude (感激) fully. This brings 7 a better feeling. For example, when his bike broke down, he didn’t get mad but 8 thankful for not having an accident. He also thanks people from the bottom of his heart 9 they do something kind for him. At 10 end of the day, he writes down all the good things that happens. Through the habit, he has learned the true meaning of being thankful. 1. A．offered B．was offering C．was offered 2. A．how B．what C．that 3. A．truly B．true C．truth 4. A．make B．to make C．making 5. A．for B．of C．with 6. A．simple B．simpler C．simplest 7. A．he B．him C．his 8. A．felt B．feels C．will feel 9. A．so B．until C．when 10. A．a B．an C．the 【答案】 1. C 2. B 3. A 4. B 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C 【导语】本文讲述了乔从小时候漫不经心地说“谢谢”，长大后意识到错误并养成感恩习惯，通过每天思考值得感谢的事情、寻找生活中的美好，并发自内心地感谢他人，他最终学会了感恩的真正含义。 1. 句意：每当别人给他提供帮助时，他都会说“谢谢”。 offered提供（过去式）；was offering正在提供（过去进行时）；was offered被提供（被动语态）。根据“he...some help by others”可知此处主语he和谓语offer之间是被动关系，用被动语态。故选C。 2. 句意：他只关心他得到了什么，而没有真正感激那些帮助他的人。 how如何；what什么；that引导从句，无意义。句子是宾语从句，从句缺少got的宾语，用what引导。故选B。 3. 句意：他只关心他得到了什么，而没有真正感激那些帮助他的人。 truly真正地（副词）；true真实的（形容词）；truth真理（名词）。修饰空后的形容词用副词。故选A。 4. 句意：随着年龄的增长，他意识到这是不对的，决定做出改变。 make制作（动词原形）；to make制作（动词不定式）；making制作（动词现在分词）。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”。故选B。 5. 句意：每天早上，他都会思考三件值得感谢的事情来开始新的一天。 for为了；of……的；with用。此处是结构think of“想起”。故选B。 6. 句意：这些事情可以像阳光明媚的一天那样简单，也可以像得到一台新电脑那样令人惊喜。 simple简单的（原级）；simpler更简单的（比较级）；simplest最简单的（最高级）。as...as中间加形容词的原级。故选A。 7. 句意：这会给他带来更好的感觉。 he他（主格）；him他（宾格）；his他的（形容词性物主代词）。作brings的宾语用代词宾格。故选B。 8. 句意：当他的自行车坏了时，他没有生气，而是为没有发生事故而感到感激。 felt感觉（过去式）；feels感觉（第三人称单数）；will feel将会感觉（一般将来时）。此处动词和“didn’t get mad”并列，故用动词过去式。故选A。 9. 句意：当别人对他做了一些好事时，他也会发自内心地感谢他们。 so所以；until直到；when当。根据“they do something kind for him.”可知是当别人对他做了一些好事时，他也会发自内心地感谢他们。故选C。 10. 句意：在一天结束时，他会写下所有发生的好事。 a一个（用于辅音音素前的不定冠词）；an一个（用于元音音素前的不定冠词）；the这个/那个（定冠词）。at the end of“在……结束时”。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·广东佛山·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 39-year-old Liu is a shop owner in Xinjiang. Days ago, he 1 by people for patiently picking a hat for a sick child and giving it to the child for free. The moving story took place in 2 children’s clothes shop in Xinjiang on December 31. That day a woman with a child walked into the shop and stood in front of a shelf filled with 3 for a long time. The child looked pale and his mother wasn’t sure which hat to pick. Seeing that, the shop owner Liu talked with the mother to see if he could help 4 . After knowing that the child was receiving chemotherapy (化疗), Liu decided 5 him a hat for free. He then put different hats on the child 6 until he chose his favourite one. The mother was very thankful 7 Liu. Liu is from Zhengzhou, Henan. He and his wife 8 a shop selling children’s clothes in Xinjiang years ago. The couple have sent clothes worth 20,000 yuan to poor children 9 they started the shop. “The hat isn’t worth much. I just hope it will bring warmth to him. I just want to be kinder and 10 in the future. Everyone should show a little love to others, especially those who are in need.” Liu said. 1. A．praised B．is praised C．was praised 2. A．a B．an C．the 3. A．hat B．hats C．hats’ 4. A．they B．them C．their 5. A．give B．giving C．to give 6. A．care B．careful C．carefully 7. A．to B．from C．with 8. A．open B．opened C．will open 9. A．since B．while C．unless 10. A．helpful B．more helpful C．the most helpful 【答案】 1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. C 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. B 【导语】本文讲述了新疆店主刘先生免费为化疗患儿挑选帽子的暖心故事，并介绍了他长期帮助贫困儿童的善举。 1. 句意：几天前，他因耐心为病童挑选帽子并免费赠送而受到人们赞扬。 praised一般过去时主动语态；is praised一般现在时被动语态；was praised一般过去时被动语态。根据时间状语“Days ago”可知，时态为一般过去时；根据“he...by people”可知，此处指“他被人们赞扬”，所以为一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 2. 句意：这个感人的故事发生在12月31日新疆的一家童装店。 a一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于辅音音素开头单词前；an一个，不定冠词，表泛指，用于元音音素开头单词前；the那个，定冠词，表特指。此处首次提到“children’s clothes shop”需用不定冠词，且“children”单词发音以辅音音素开头，所以填a。故选A。 3. 句意：那天一位带孩子的女士走进商店，长时间站在一个摆满帽子的货架前。 hat帽子，单数；hats帽子，复数；hats’帽子的，所有格。根据“a shelf filled with”可知，架子上放满帽子，需要复数形式。故选B。 4. 句意：店主刘与母亲交谈，看他是否能帮助他们。 they他们，主格；them他们，宾格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词。此处作help宾语，需用宾格，故选B。 5. 句意：得知孩子在接受化疗后，刘决定免费送他一顶帽子。 give给，动词原形；giving给，现在分词；to give给，不定式。decide to do是固定搭配，故选C。 6. 句意：他仔细地把不同帽子戴在孩子头上，直到孩子选到最喜欢的。 care照顾，名词；careful仔细的，形容词；carefully仔细地，副词。此处修饰动词“put”，需用副词，故选C。 7. 句意：母亲对刘非常感激。 to表示方向；from表示来源；with表示伴随。be thankful to sb是固定搭配，故选A。 8. 句意：他和妻子多年前在新疆开了一家童装店。 open开，动词原形；opened开，过去式；will open开，将来时。根据时间状语“years ago”可知，需用过去式，故选B。 9. 句意：自开店以来，这对夫妇已向贫困儿童捐赠价值2万元的衣服。 since自从；while当……时；unless除非。根据“The couple have sent clothes worth 20,000 yuan to poor children...they started the shop.”可知，此处表示“自开店以来”，为since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时，其它选项不符合时态要求，故选A。 10. 句意：我只希望未来能更善良、更有帮助。 helpful有帮助的，原级；more helpful更有帮助的，比较级；the most helpful最有帮助的，最高级。根据“kinder and”可知，and前后形式一致，所以填比较级。故选B。 Passage 3 （2025·广东东莞·三模）请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 You know I felt very sad yesterday. I got up at 5:00 in the morning and I 1 to meet my aunt at the bus station. I waited there long for 2 and nearly lost my patience. She came at last! Then I took her to the hospital. After that, I drove straight to the gas station. I queued up (排队) for more than one hour 3 the very hot sun at the gas station. Finally, it’s my turn. I got back home at 1:30 p.m. to have my lunch, 4 only to find nothing to eat. So I had to go to the market 5 some food. Then I cooked my lunch. I almost fainted (晕倒) from hunger. To make myself feel good, I wrote an email to you. It was kind of you to reply so quickly. Then I went to a cafe to have some coffee. When I decided to go back home, I found a flat tyre (轮胎没气) of my car. Blue, I felt very bad at that time. Finally, I changed the tyre and got home safely. After dinner, I took 6 shower and washed my hair before going to bed. Suddenly, all 7 in my house went out. I realized there was a power cut. My hair couldn’t 8 . So I had to go to bed with my hair wet. When I got up this morning, I found 9 I caught a cold. My voice really sounds terrible now. I never expected my holidays to be like this. Now it feels 10 than before to talk to you about my bad feelings. You can also share your sadness and happiness with me. I hope to get your reply soon. 1. A．went B．was going C．have gone 2. A．she B．her C．hers 3. A．at B．in C．on 4. A．and B．or C．but 5. A．buy B．buying C．to buy 6. A．a B．an C．the 7. A．lights B．light C．light’s 8. A．dry B．be drying C．be dried 9. A．what B．that C．how 10. A．good B．better C．best 【答案】 1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. A 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. B 【导语】本文是作者向对方讲述自己糟糕的一天经历，包括早起去车站接姑姑的波折、回家没饭吃去市场买菜做饭、车胎没气、停电导致湿着头发睡觉，最后感冒，感慨假期过得糟糕，希望与对方交流情绪。 1. 句意：我早上5点起床，然后去公交车站接我的姑姑。 went一般过去时；was going过去进行时；have gone现在完成时。根据“I got up at 5:00 in the morning and I … to meet my aunt at the bus station.”可知，文章整体是一般过去时，go to do sth.表示“去做某事”，此处用过去式went与got up并列。故选A。 2. 句意：我等了她很长时间，几乎失去耐心。 she主格代词；her宾格代词；hers物主代词。根据“I waited there long for … and nearly lost my patience.”可知，for后接宾格代词，此处指代姑姑。故选B。 3. 句意：在加油站，我在烈日下排队超过一个小时。 at在某个时刻；in在……里；on在上面。根据“I queued up (排队) for more than one hour … the very hot sun at the gas station.”可知，in the sun是常用表达，意为“在阳光下”。故选B。 4. 句意：我下午1点半回到家吃午饭，但却发现没东西可吃。 and并且；or或者；but但是。根据“I got back home at 1:30 p.m. to have my lunch, … only to find nothing to eat.”可知，“回家吃饭”和“没东西吃”是转折关系。故选C。 5. 句意：所以我不得不去市场买些食物。 buy动词原形；buying现在分词；to buy动词不定式。根据“So I had to go to the market … some food.”可知，去超市的目的是为了买东西，go to the market to do sth.中to do sth.是动词不定式表目的。故选C。 6. 句意：晚饭后，我洗澡并洗头，然后上床睡觉。 a不定冠词；an不定冠词；the定冠词。根据“After dinner, I took … shower and washed my hair before going to bed.”可知，take a shower是固定短语，意为“洗澡”。故选A。 7. 句意：突然，我家所有的灯都熄灭了。 lights名词复数；light名词单数；light’s名词所有格。根据“Suddenly, all … in my house went out.”可知，all后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，light作“灯”讲是可数名词。故选A。 8. 句意：我的头发没法被弄干。 dry动词原形；be drying现在进行时；be dried被动语态。根据“My hair couldn’t.”可知，hair和dry是被动关系。即头发被弄干；couldn’t后接动词原形。故选C。 9. 句意：当我今天早上起床时，我发现我感冒了。 what什么；that那个；how如何。根据“When I got up this morning, I found … I caught a cold.”可知，found后是宾语从句，从句I caught a cold是完整陈述句，用that引导。故选B。 10. 句意：现在和你谈论我的坏心情感觉比以前更好了。 good形容词原级；better形容词比较级；best形容词最高级。根据“Now it feels … than before to talk to you about my bad feelings.”可知，than是比较级标志，此处需用形容词比较级。故选B。 三、语法填空 Passage 1 （2025·江苏徐州·中考真题）阅读短文，在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 5G makes it possible for people 1 (go) on the high-speed internet. The ideal speed of 5G can be up 2 10GB per second. Have you noticed that the “5G” sign on your phone screen has changed to “5G-A”? This means that your phone is using a new testing network called 5G-A．So far it 3 (cover) over thirty areas in our country. It is supposed to serve 50 million 4 (use), according to People’s Daily. Most phones on 5 market can use it. Using 5G-A does not use more data (数据) 6 cost extra money. It’s about ten times faster than 5G, making chatting, gaming and downloading videos much 7 (smooth). In the past, it 8 (take) a long time to download a video, but now it can 9 (do) in just a few seconds over 5G-A． With new technologies like 5G-A, AI, and big data, smart technology will 10 (certain) bring great changes to our life. 【答案】 1. to go 2. to 3. has covered 4. users 5. the 6. or 7. smoother 8. took 9. be done 10. certainly 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了5G-A网络的特点及其带来的便利。 1. 句意：5G让人们能够使用高速互联网。make it possible for sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，it作形式宾语，不定式作真正的宾语。故填to go。 2. 句意：5G的理想速度可达每秒10GB。up to表示“高达”，是固定搭配。故填to。 3. 句意：到目前为止，它已覆盖我国30多个地区。so far提示用现在完成时，其谓语动词结构为“has/have+过去分词”，主语it是单数，助动词用has。故填has covered。 4. 句意：据《人民日报》报道，预计将服务5000万用户。serve后接宾语，此处指服务用户，user“用户”，需用复数形式表示泛指。故填users。 5. 句意：市场上大多数手机都能使用它。on the market是固定搭配，表示“在市场上”。故填the。 6. 句意：使用5G-A不会消耗更多数据，也不会花费额外费用。or连接并列成分，表示“或者”。故填or。 7. 句意：它比5G快约10倍，使聊天、游戏和下载视频更加流畅。much修饰比较级，smooth的比较级是smoother。故填smoother。 8. 句意：过去下载视频需要很长时间，但现在通过5G-A只需几秒即可完成。in the past提示用一般过去时，take的过去式是took。故填took。 9. 句意：过去下载视频需要很长时间，但现在通过5G-A只需几秒即可完成。it指代“下载视频”，与do之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，且情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be done。 10. 句意：借助5G-A、AI和大数据等新技术，智能技术必将给生活带来巨大变化。修饰动词bring需用副词形式certainly。故填certainly。 Passage 2 （2025·江苏常州·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I first became interested in calligraphy (书法) when my mum took me to a museum. The beautiful pieces of writing there were so shining that I 1 (touch) by them at once. I decided to try it 2 (I) the very same way. So, I took part in a calligraphy class. At first, I found it quite challenging. Holding the soft brush 3 (correct) and controlling the ink (墨水) seemed difficult. 4 , with practice and patience, I got improved. Since I began practising my calligraphy skills, I 5 (learn) more about Chinese characters. Over thousands of years, they have developed from drawings into standard forms. What’s more, Chinese people’s attitude (态度) toward life is shown in calligraphy, too. 6 a treasure of Chinese traditional culture, calligraphy is now practised by many people. Calligraphy is not only 7 writing skill but also an art that can develop our mind and character. It is now one of my 8 (hobby) that help me relax. When I write, my mind starts to become peaceful, especially when I’m stressed. I’m also 9 (pride) to see my works get better and better. When the Spring Festival comes, my mother always enjoys 10 (stick) the “Fu” character I write onto the door. What a happy time calligraphy has brought us! 【答案】 1. was touched 2. myself 3. correctly 4. However 5. have learned/have learnt 6. As 7. a 8. hobbies 9. proud 10. sticking 【导语】本文主要介绍作者跟书法的渊源。 1. 句意：那里那些优美的文字如此熠熠生辉，我立刻就被它们所打动。本句主语是动作的承受者，动作发生在过去，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was touched。 2. 句意：于是，我决定也用同样的方式去尝试一下。根据“I decided to try it...the very same way.”可知，此处指自己尝试，用反身代词myself。故填myself。 3. 句意：握着那支柔软的毛笔并控制好墨水似乎很困难。此处用副词修饰动词，故填correctly。 4. 句意：然而，通过不断练习和保持耐心，我的情况有所改善。前后构成转折关系，且空后有逗号，However“然而”符合语境。故填However。 5. 句意：自从我开始练习书法技巧以来，我对汉字有了更多的了解。根据“Since I began practising my calligraphy skills”可知，此处应使用现在完成时，主语是I，助动词用have。故填have learned/have learnt。 6. 句意：作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，书法如今已被许多人所习练。根据“...a treasure of Chinese traditional culture”可知，作为中国传统文化的瑰宝，As“作为”符合语境。故填As。 7. 句意：书法不仅是一种书写技能，更是一种能够塑造我们心灵和性格的艺术形式。此处泛指一种技巧，“writing”以辅音音素开头。故填a。 8. 句意：现在，书法已成为我的一项有助于放松身心的爱好。one of后用名词复数形式，故填hobbies。 9. 句意：我也为自己的作品不断进步而感到自豪。此处在句中作表语，用形容词proud“骄傲的”。故填proud。 10. 句意：每当春节来临，我的母亲总会喜欢把我写的“福”字贴在门上。enjoy doing sth“喜欢做某事”，故填sticking。 Passage 3 （2025·黑龙江·中考真题）Fill in each blank with a proper form of the word given or a proper word. Hi, my young friends! I am Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway. Here I am writing to share my story with you. I was born in 1909. I am 116 years old now. My 1 (build) was Zhan Tianyou, a brave and smart man. He believed China should build its own railway 2 other countries’ help. So he built me, China’s first self-built railway. At first, my trains used steam (蒸汽).Their top speed was only 35 km/h. Then, the trains 3 (start) to use diesel (柴油). Later, there were even better trains that used electricity. It took 4 (simple) three hours to finish the trip. In 2020, the new high-speed railway opened on December 30. I was so 5 (please). People only needed to spend 47 minutes 6 (travel) from Beijing to Zhangjiakou. During the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics, Beijing and Zhangjiakou, the two host 7 (city) for the event, welcomed lots of people from around the world. The railway played 8 important role. Although I am too old 9 (keep) working these days, people will keep me as part of history. I am a little sad, 10 still proud of all the achievements that China has made in the past few years. Zhan Tianyou must be proud, too. 【答案】 1. builder 2. without 3. started 4. simply 5. pleased 6. travelling/traveling 7. cities 8. an 9. to keep 10. but 【导语】本文以北京——张家口铁路的口吻介绍一些信息。 1. 句意：我的建造者是詹天佑，他是一位勇敢且聪明的人。根据“My...was Zhan Tianyou”和常识可知，詹天佑是该铁路的建造者，builder“建造者”，根据“was”可知，空处使用名词单数形式。故填builder。 2. 句意：他认为中国应该在没有其他国家帮助的情况下独立修建自己的铁路。根据“He believed China should build its own railway...other countries’ help.”可知，他认为中国应该在没有其他国家帮助的情况下独立修建自己的铁路，without“没有”符合语境。故填without。 3. 句意：随后，火车开始使用柴油作为动力。本句时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填started。 4. 句意：整个旅程只需三个小时就能完成。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词simply。故填simply。 5. 句意：我非常高兴。此处在句中作表语，修饰人，pleased“高兴的”符合语境。故填pleased。 6. 句意：人们从北京到张家口只需花费47分钟。spend time doing sth“花时间做某事”。故填travelling/traveling。 7. 句意：在2022年北京冬奥会期间，作为此次赛事的两个主办城市，北京和张家口迎来了众多来自世界各地的游客。“two”修饰可数名词复数，故填cities。 8. 句意：这条铁路发挥了重要作用。play an important role“起重要作用”，固定短语。故填an。 9. 句意：虽然如今我年纪太大，无法再继续工作了，但人们仍将我铭记于心，将我视为历史的一部分。根据“Although I am too old...working these days”可知，此处是too...to...“太……而不能”。故填to keep。 10. 句意：我感到有些难过，但同时也很为中国的过去几年所取得的成就感到骄傲。前后两句构成转折关系，用but连接。故填but。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $