Unit 4 Inventions核心单词,词性转换,短语,语法,句型精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册单元重难点易错题精练（沪教版2024）

班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Inventions 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 单元知识点默写 1、 词性转换 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.central adj.→___________n. 中心；中央；v. 集中；把…… 放在中部 2.attach v.→______________ n. 附件；依恋；连接 3.international adj.→______________ adv. 国际性地；在国际上 4.technique n.→____________ adj. 技术的；专业的；→________________ n. 技术员；技师 5.depend v.→____________ adj. 依靠的；依赖的；→________________ adj. 自主的 →______________ adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 6.doubt v./n.→__________ adj. 怀疑的；不确定的；→undoubtedly adv. 无疑；必定 7.personally adv.→__________ adj. 个人的；私人的；→____________ n. 人 8.prediction n.→____________v. 预言；预测 9.statement n.→___________v. 陈述；说明；n. 状态；国家 10.benefit n./v.→__________ adj. 有益的；有利的 11.distance n.→__________ adj. 遥远的；远处的 12.avoid v.→__________ n. 避免；回避； →__________ adj. 可避免的 13.type n./v.→__________adj. 典型的；有代表性的； →__________ n. 打字员；→__________n. 打字 14.mixture n.→_____________ v. 混合；搅拌；n. 混合；结合 15.press v./n.→________________ n. 压力；压迫 二、重点词组 1. 蒸汽机车 2. 载人航天器 3. 步行 4. 几个；若干 5. 发生；进行 6. 例如；比如 7. 大量 8. 国际贸易 9. 依靠；依赖 10. 3D 打印机 11. 毫无疑问 12. 自古以来；有史以来 13. 取笑；拿…… 开玩笑 14. 堵车；交通阻塞 单元知识点习题训练 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．If you join us, everything will go on (wheel). 2．People from different countries come to take part in the (national) meeting. 3．Practice makes perfect. You should practice as （much） as possible. 4．Please don’t put the in the basket. (mix) 5．Though the manager was busy, she led the VIPs to their rooms .（personal） 6．You should try your best (avoid) making mistakes while taking an important exam. 7．Why not find a job and end your on your parents? (depend) 8．You should test the of the water before using it. (hot) 9．There are three main blood (type): A, B and O. 10．He was so excited (pull) himself up the rocks. 11．When he gets tired, he never sleeps (somewhere) except on the sofa. 12．There are many (path)in the forest. 13．Many (predict) didn’t come true. 14．The woman did everything she could to avoid (see) the ugly man. 15．The machine should be (heat) before we use it. 16．A bath uses about as much water as a shower. (two) 17．Our English teacher is as (kind) as an old friend. We all like her. 18．When an earthquake or a flood happens in some places, news of these disasters can bring help from (distance) countries within hours. 19．This question is as (easy) as that one. I can work it out. 20．What did the fish do to (avoid) its enemies? 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．Tom studies at an (国际的) school in Shijiazhuang. 22．Look! There are a lot of (气球) in the sky. 23．Did you go (在任何地方) interesting during the summer vacation? 24．That won’t be difficult. It’s on (轮子). 25．It is convenient for people to ride over a short (距离). 26．We should be careful enough to （避免）making mistakes when taking exams. 27．Haikou is the (中心) city of Hainan Province. 28．We are going to the country to escape the summer (热量). 29．Whether we will go camping (依靠) on the weather. 30．There is a (小路) around the garden. 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．王治郅打篮球和姚明一样好。 Wang Zhizhi played basketball Yao Ming. 32．长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。 The Great Wall is in the world. 33．毫无疑问，他是我们班最好的学生。 , he is the best student in our class. 34．这列火车可以把许多乘客运送到不同的城市。 The train can many passengers . 35．我们无法确切地说接下来会发生什么。 We can’t say what will happen next. 36．会议应于6月5日举行。 The meeting should on the fifth of June. 37．我们使用互联网搜索信息和交流。 We use the Internet to for information and communicate. 38．为了学好英语，我们需要尽可能多的使用它。 To learn English well, we need to use it as as . 39．我认为他工作和你一样努力。 I think he works you. 40．杰克的书和爱丽丝的书一样多。 Jack has many books Alice. 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于三个单词）。 Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials (材料) such 1 bamboo (竹竿) , silk (丝绸) , and animal skin. Writing materials were 2 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 3 a man named Cai Lun. Paper had already existed (存在) in China, but the process (过程) for producing (生产) it 4 (be) difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 5 (way) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, cloth rags (破布), fishing nets and so on. His paper was 6 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before. With Cai Lun’s paper-making method, Chinese culture 7 (grow) more rapidly at that time. That’s because ideas were much easier to share and more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping other cultures record and spread 8 (they) ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a hero in China. And 9 whole world should 10 (remember) the clever Chinese paper-maker forever. 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Today many 1 (invent) can be better known. Let’s have a look at some of them. TV Bike A scientist connects the TV to a bike so that the TV can get the power by riding the bike. If the children want to watch TV for 2 longer time, they have to ride very hard instead 3 sitting on the sofa. Floating Bike Can you imagine a bicycle crossing rivers? If you want 4 (cross) a river, first, inflate (充气) 5 ride the bike inside the ball to move forward. Fire Recharger A fire recharger can produce 6 (electric) from the heat of fire. This means if you 7 (real) have trouble finding a place to charge (充电) your mobile phone in the wild, you can use a small fire to do that. Dig Goggles Underwater cameras are often so expensive. But a pair of cheap Dig Goggles 8 (help) you do that since two years ago. They are special glasses for taking 9 (photo) when swimming. Open and close your eyes twice and then you will be 10 (success) in taking photos easily underwater. $ 班级 姓名 学号 分数 Unit 4 Inventions 单元重点单词变形短语语法句型精练 （时间：60分钟，满分：100分） 单元知识点默写 1、 词性转换 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.central adj.→center/centre n. 中心；中央；v. 集中；把…… 放在中部 2.attach v.→attachment n. 附件；依恋；连接 3.international adj.→internationally adv. 国际性地；在国际上 4.technique n.→technical adj. 技术的；专业的；→technician n. 技术员；技师 5.depend v.→dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的；→independent adj. 自主的 →dependable adj. 可靠的；可信赖的 6.doubt v./n.→doubtful adj. 怀疑的；不确定的；→undoubtedly adv. 无疑；必定 7.personally adv.→personal adj. 个人的；私人的；→person n. 人 8.prediction n.→predict v. 预言；预测 9.statement n.→state v. 陈述；说明；n. 状态；国家 10.benefit n./v.→beneficial adj. 有益的；有利的 11.distance n.→distant adj. 遥远的；远处的 12.avoid v.→avoidance n. 避免；回避； →avoidable adj. 可避免的 13.type n./v.→typical adj. 典型的；有代表性的； →typist n. 打字员；→typing n. 打字 14.mixture n.→mix v. 混合；搅拌；n. 混合；结合 15.press v./n.→pressure n. 压力；压迫 二、重点词组 1.steam locomotive 蒸汽机车 2.crewed spacecraft 载人航天器 3.on foot 步行 4.a number of 几个；若干 5.take place 发生；进行 6.for instance 例如；比如 7.large amounts of 大量 8.international trade 国际贸易 9.depend on 依靠；依赖 10.3D printer 3D 打印机 11.without doubt 毫无疑问 12.of all time 自古以来；有史以来 13.make fun of 取笑；拿…… 开玩笑 14.traffic jam 堵车；交通阻塞 单元知识点习题训练 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 1．If you join us, everything will go on (wheel). 【答案】wheels 【详解】句意：如果你加入我们，一切都会顺利进行。根据“everything will go on…”可知此处需要加名词作宾语，go on wheels“顺利进行”，固定短语。故填wheels。 2．People from different countries come to take part in the (national) meeting. 【答案】international 【详解】句意：来自不同国家的人们来参加这次国际会议。根据“People from different countries”可推知，来自不同的国家的人参加的应是“国际”会议；international“国际的”，修饰名词“meeting”。故填international。 3．Practice makes perfect. You should practice as （much） as possible. 【答案】much 【详解】句意：熟能生巧。你应该尽可能多地练习。在“as... as...”结构中，第一个as后应用形容词或副词原级， as much as possible“尽可能”。故填much。 4．Please don’t put the in the basket. (mix) 【答案】mixture 【详解】句意：请不要把混合物放在篮子里。分析句子可知这里应填名词，作宾语，所以空处用动词“mix混合”的名词形式“mixture混合物”。故填mixture。 5．Though the manager was busy, she led the VIPs to their rooms .（personal） 【答案】personally 【详解】句意：尽管经理很忙，她还是亲自把贵宾们领进房间。personal“亲自的”，是形容词， 此处应用副词修饰动词。故填personally。 6．You should try your best (avoid) making mistakes while taking an important exam. 【答案】to avoid 【详解】句意：在参加重要考试时，你应该尽量避免犯错。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”，是固定短语，故填to avoid。 7．Why not find a job and end your on your parents? (depend) 【答案】dependence 【详解】句意：为什么不找一份工作并且结束对你父母的依赖呢？根据“your”可知此处应填名词，depend“依赖”，动词，其名词dependence“依赖”符合语境，此处作不可数名词，故填dependence。 8．You should test the of the water before using it. (hot) 【答案】heat 【详解】句意：在使用这水之前，你应该先测试它的热度。hot是形容词，表示“热的”，此处位于the和of之间，应用名词heat“热度”。故填heat。 9．There are three main blood (type): A, B and O. 【答案】types 【详解】句意：一共有三种主要的血型：A型、B型及O型。type“类型”，可数名词。根据空前的“three”可知，此处要填可数名词复数形式，故填types。 10．He was so excited (pull) himself up the rocks. 【答案】to pull 【详解】句意：他激动得要爬上岩石。固定短语be excited to do sth“做某事很激动”。故填to pull。 11．When he gets tired, he never sleeps (somewhere) except on the sofa. 【答案】anywhere 【详解】句意：当他累了的时候，除了沙发他从不在其他任何地方睡觉。所给副词“somewhere”用于肯定句，表示“某处”；根据“never”可知本句为否定句，“anywhere”用于否定句，表示“任何地方”。故填anywhere。 12．There are many (path)in the forest. 【答案】paths 【详解】句意：在这个森林有很多小路。many后面加可数名词的复数形式。path是可数名词，意为“小路”。故填paths。 13．Many (predict) didn’t come true. 【答案】predictions 【详解】句意：许多预言都没有成真。此处在句中作主语，用名词prediction，此前有many修饰，使用名词复数形式，故填predictions。 14．The woman did everything she could to avoid (see) the ugly man. 【答案】seeing 【详解】句意：这位女士做了所有她能做的，以避免看到那个丑陋的人。avoid doing sth.避免做某事。see是动词，意为“看见”。故填seeing。 15．The machine should be (heat) before we use it. 【答案】heated 【详解】句意：我们使用这台机器之前应该先加热。根据“should be ...”可知要用含情态动词的被动语态，heat的过去分词形式为heated。故填heated。 16．A bath uses about as much water as a shower. (two) 【答案】twice 【详解】句意：泡澡用的水大约是淋浴的两倍。本题考查倍数表达法。此处是“倍数+as...as...”句式，所给词汇two“二”是基数词，此处用twice表示“两倍”。故填twice。 17．Our English teacher is as (kind) as an old friend. We all like her. 【答案】kind 【详解】句意：我们的英语老师像老朋友一样亲切。我们都喜欢她。as ... as“和……一样”，中间用形容词原级。故填kind。 18．When an earthquake or a flood happens in some places, news of these disasters can bring help from (distance) countries within hours. 【答案】distant 【详解】句意：当一些地方发生地震或洪水时，这些灾难的消息可以在几小时内从遥远的国家带来帮助。distance是名词，distant是distance的形容词形式，意为“遥远的”；country国家，是名词，形容词修饰名词，distant country遥远的国家。故填distant。 19．This question is as (easy) as that one. I can work it out. 【答案】easy 【详解】句意：这个问题和那个问题一样容易。我能算得出来。as+形容词原级+as，表示“和……一样……”，所以空处应用形容词原级easy，作表语。故填easy。 20．What did the fish do to (avoid) its enemies? 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意：鱼做什么来躲避敌人？动词不定式符号to后加动词原形avoid“避免”，动词不定式作目的状语。故填avoid。 二、根据汉语提示完成单词(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 21．Tom studies at an (国际的) school in Shijiazhuang. 【答案】international 【详解】句意：汤姆在石家庄的一所国际学校学习。“国际的”为international，形容词在句中作定语，故填international。 22．Look! There are a lot of (气球) in the sky. 【答案】balloons 【详解】句意：看！天空中有许多气球。根据“Look! There are a lot of…(气球) in the sky.”可知，表达“气球”应用名词balloon，结合空前a lot of可知，应用名词复数形式。故填balloons。 23．Did you go (在任何地方) interesting during the summer vacation? 【答案】anywhere 【详解】句意：你暑假去什么有趣的地方了吗？anywhere“在任何地方”，常用于否定句和疑问句中。故填anywhere。 24．That won’t be difficult. It’s on (轮子). 【答案】wheels 【详解】句意：这并不难。它有轮子。根据“That won’t be difficult. It’s on...”和汉语提示可知，那并不难因为有轮子；wheel“轮子”，可数名词，空格前没有限定词，应用复数形式表泛指。故填wheels。 25．It is convenient for people to ride over a short (距离). 【答案】distance 【详解】句意：们骑行一段短距离很方便。a后加可数名词单数distance“距离”。故填distance。 26．We should be careful enough to （避免）making mistakes when taking exams. 【答案】avoid 【详解】句意：当考试时我们应该足够仔细去避免犯错误。根据汉语“避免”提示，应是avoid，由于“be 形容词 enough to do”所以横线上是动词原形。故填avoid。 27．Haikou is the (中心) city of Hainan Province. 【答案】central 【详解】句意：海口是海南省的中心城市。根据汉语提示可知，对应的英文表达是central，意为“中心的”，形容词，修饰名词city。故填central。 28．We are going to the country to escape the summer (热量). 【答案】heat 【详解】句意：我们要去乡下避暑。根据所给的汉语可知，“热量”译成：heat，不可数名词。故填heat。 29．Whether we will go camping (依靠) on the weather. 【答案】depends 【详解】句意：我们是否去露营取决于天气。depend“依靠”，动词。此处主语是一个句子，所以谓语动词用三单形式，故填depends。 30．There is a (小路) around the garden. 【答案】path 【详解】句意：有一条环绕花园的小路。根据“There is a”可知，需要一个名词单数，path符合句意，故填path。 三、完成句子(本大题共10小题，每小题3分，共30分) 31．王治郅打篮球和姚明一样好。 Wang Zhizhi played basketball Yao Ming. 【答案】 as well as 【详解】句中需填“（打篮球）和……一样好”的表达，使用句式“as+形容词/副词原级+as...”，指篮球打得“好”，修饰动词用副词well。故填as；well；as。 32．长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。 The Great Wall is in the world. 【答案】 one of the greatest wonders 【详解】中英文对照可知，空缺处为“最伟大的奇迹之一”。“之一”one of；“最伟大的”the greatest；“奇迹”wonder，前有“one of”后名词用复数，故填one；of；the；greatest；wonders。 33．毫无疑问，他是我们班最好的学生。 , he is the best student in our class. 【答案】 Without doubt 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处考查“毫无疑问”，without doubt意为“毫无疑问”，位于句首，单词首字母需大写。故填Without；doubt。 34．这列火车可以把许多乘客运送到不同的城市。 The train can many passengers . 【答案】 transport/carry/convey to different cities 【详解】运送到不同城市：transport/carry/convey…to different cities，动词短语；空前为情态动词can，谓语动词用原形transport/carry/convey，宾语为many passengers，介词to引出目的地different cities，符合句意。故填transport/carry/convey；to；different；cities。 35．我们无法确切地说接下来会发生什么。 We can’t say what will happen next. 【答案】 for sure 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处考查“确切地”，for sure意为“确切地”符合题意，故填for；sure。 36．会议应于6月5日举行。 The meeting should on the fifth of June. 【答案】 take place 【详解】举行：take place，情态动词should后加动词原形。故填take；place。 37．我们使用互联网搜索信息和交流。 We use the Internet to for information and communicate. 【答案】search 【详解】search for“搜索”，use sth to do sth“使用某物做某事”，故填search。 38．为了学好英语，我们需要尽可能多的使用它。 To learn English well, we need to use it as as . 【答案】 much possible 【详解】对比中英文可知，空处缺少“尽可能多的”的翻译，英文表达为as much as possible，固定搭配，故填much；possible。 39．我认为他工作和你一样努力。 I think he works you. 【答案】 as hard as 【详解】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语as...as“像……一样”和副词hard“努力地”，as...as表同级比较，中间加形容词或副词原级，work hard“努力学习”，故填as；hard；as。 40．杰克的书和爱丽丝的书一样多。 Jack has many books Alice. 【答案】 as as 【详解】“和……一样……”as ... as ...，是固定搭配。故填as；as。 四、短文填空(本大题共20小题，每小题2分，共40分) 阅读下面的短文，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式（每空不多于三个单词）。 Before paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials (材料) such 1 bamboo (竹竿) , silk (丝绸) , and animal skin. Writing materials were 2 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 3 a man named Cai Lun. Paper had already existed (存在) in China, but the process (过程) for producing (生产) it 4 (be) difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting (试验) with many different materials and different 5 (way) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, cloth rags (破布), fishing nets and so on. His paper was 6 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before. With Cai Lun’s paper-making method, Chinese culture 7 (grow) more rapidly at that time. That’s because ideas were much easier to share and more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad, helping other cultures record and spread 8 (they) ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a hero in China. And 9 whole world should 10 (remember) the clever Chinese paper-maker forever. 【答案】 1．as 2．really 3．to 4．was 5．ways 6．stronger 7．grew 8．their 9．the 10．remember 【导语】本文主要讲述了蔡伦是如何发明造纸术的，并谈论了造纸术的出现对中国乃至整个世界的影响。 1．句意：在纸发明之前，人们在竹子、丝绸和兽皮等材料上写字或画画。such as“例如”。故填as。 2．句意：书写材料非常昂贵，很少有人学会阅读。空处修饰形容词expensive，应该用real的副词形式really。故填really。 3．句意：多亏了一个叫蔡伦的人，这一切都改变了。thanks to“多亏了”。故填to。 4．句意：中国已经有了纸，但生产过程困难，纸的质量不高。此处是一般过去时，主语是the process，be动词用was。故填was。 5．句意：蔡伦开始尝试用许多不同的材料和不同的把这些材料变成纸。different后接可数名词的复数。故填ways。 6．句意：他的纸比以前制造的任何纸都更坚固，更便宜。根据“than”可知，此处应该填strong的比较级。故填stronger。 7．句意：有了蔡伦的造纸方法，中国文化在那个时候发展得更快。根据“at that time”可知，此处是一般过去时，故动词需用其过去式。故填grew。 8．句意：纸的使用传播到国外，帮助其他文化记录和传播他们的思想。空处修饰名词ideas，应该用they的形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 9．句意：全世界都应该永远记住这位聪明的中国造纸人。the whole world“全世界”。故填the。 10．句意：全世界都应该永远记住这位聪明的中国造纸人。情态动词should后接动词原形。故填remember。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 Today many 1 (invent) can be better known. Let’s have a look at some of them. TV Bike A scientist connects the TV to a bike so that the TV can get the power by riding the bike. If the children want to watch TV for 2 longer time, they have to ride very hard instead 3 sitting on the sofa. Floating Bike Can you imagine a bicycle crossing rivers? If you want 4 (cross) a river, first, inflate (充气) 5 ride the bike inside the ball to move forward. Fire Recharger A fire recharger can produce 6 (electric) from the heat of fire. This means if you 7 (real) have trouble finding a place to charge (充电) your mobile phone in the wild, you can use a small fire to do that. Dig Goggles Underwater cameras are often so expensive. But a pair of cheap Dig Goggles 8 (help) you do that since two years ago. They are special glasses for taking 9 (photo) when swimming. Open and close your eyes twice and then you will be 10 (success) in taking photos easily underwater. 【答案】 1．inventions 2．a 3．of 4．to cross 5．and 6．electricity 7．really 8．has helped 9． photos 10． successful 【导语】本文主要介绍了四项发明。 1．句意：如今，许多发明能够被更多人知晓。根据“Today many…can be better known.”可知，空前为many，修饰可数名词复数，空处应用复数名词inventions“发明”。故填inventions。 2．句意：如果孩子们想要看更长时间的电视，他们就得非常努力地骑车，而不是坐在沙发上。根据“If the children want to watch TV for…longer time”可知，for a longer time表示“持续一段更长的时间”。故填a。 3．句意：如果孩子们想要看更长时间的电视，他们就得非常努力地骑车，而不是坐在沙发上。instead of表示“而不是”，是固定搭配。故填of。 4．句意：如果你想要过河，首先充气，然后骑着球里的自行车向前移动。want to do sth.表示“想要做某事”，此处应用to cross。故填to cross。 5．句意：如果你想要过河，首先充气，然后骑着球里的自行车向前移动。根据“first, inflate…ride the bike inside the ball to move forward”可知，先进行充气，接着进行骑着球里的自行车向前移动，两个动作是顺承关系，此处应用并列连词and。故填and。 6．句意：一个火力充电器能够利用火的热量来发电。空前为动词produce，空处应用名词electricity“电”，作宾语。故填electricity。 7．句意：这意味着如果你真的在野外很难找到给手机充电的地方，你可以用小火来充电。此处应用副词修饰动词have，应用really“真正地”。故填really。 8．句意：但是自两年前起，一副便宜的水下拍摄护目镜就已经帮助你做到了。根据“since two years ago”可知，此句应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”；主语是“a pair of cheap Dig Goggles”，助动词应用has，help的过去分词为helped。故填has helped。 9．句意：它们是游泳时用于拍照的特殊眼镜。take photos表示“拍照”，此处应用复数名词photos，表示泛指。故填photos。 10．句意：眨两次眼睛，然后你就能轻松地在水下成功拍照了。be successful in doing sth.表示“成功做某事”，此处需要用形容词作表语。故填successful。 $