Unit 2 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 2　SPORTS AND FITNESS Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习自检 目录 CONTENTS 1 重点合作探究 2 课堂效果检测（一） 3 课后课时作业（一） 6 课后课时作业（二） 7 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课前预习自检 Paul and I were on our school basketball team, The Lions. 我和保罗在我们学校的篮球队——雄狮队。 We loved basketball and were both huge fans of the NBA. 我们喜爱篮球而且都是NBA(美国男子职业篮球联赛)的忠实粉丝。 When we weren't playing on the court which was next to our building, we were watching a game on TV. 当我们没在紧挨着我们楼的球场打球时，我们就是在电视上看比赛。 课前预习自检 My favourite player was LeBron James. 我最喜欢的球员是勒布朗·詹姆斯。 •Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets, although we actually agree that they are both champions. 保罗最喜欢的球员是蒂尼·博格斯，他效力于夏洛特黄蜂队，尽管实际上我们认同他们两个都是冠军球员。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①_______ n. (非正式)男人，家伙 ② ___________ n. 冠军，第一名 ③a guy who played for ... 中，who引导限制性定语从句，关系代词who指代先行词________；agree that ... 为及物动词，后跟that引导的______从句。 guy champion a guy 宾语 课前预习自检 •Bogues was only 1.6 metres tall, which made him the shortest player ever in the NBA. 博格斯身高只有1.6米，这使他成为NBA史上最矮的球员。 Guess what? 猜怎么样？ Paul was only 1.6 metres tall, too! 保罗也只有1.6米高！ 课前预习自检 Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more. 保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须更多地加以练习。 During all those hours of doing jump shots on his own, he used Bogues as his inspiration. 在所有那些他独自做跳投的时间里，他把博格斯当作他的激励(对象)。 Paul once said, “If Bogues could make it, why not me？” 保罗曾说过：“如果博格斯能做到，为什么我不能？” 课前预习自检 词句自测 ④_______ n. 投球，击球；机会 ⑤___________ n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人/物；灵感 ⑥which made him the shortest ... 为关系代词；which引导_________________从句，指代前面整个句子。 shot inspiration 非限制性定语 课前预习自检 Our coach was not so sure. 我们的教练不是那么肯定。 Paul had to try out many times just for making the team. 保罗不得不多次参加选拔争取加入球队。 He was still usually on the bench, being just a replacement, which was really tough on him. 他通常还是坐在替补队员席，仅作为一名替补队员，这对他来说真的很煎熬。 课前预习自检 Everyone knew Paul had real skills, and was someone who worked really hard and had a strong desire to play for the team. 每个人都知道保罗是一位具备真正技能，而且非常努力，并具有强烈的愿望去为球队效力的人。 However, Paul didn't get a chance. 然而，保罗没有得到机会。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑦_________________ 参加……选拔 ⑧________ n. 替补队员席 ⑨_____________ n. 替换的人(物) ⑩________ n. 渴望 try out for sth bench replacement desire 课前预习自检 •This week, The Lions were playing our main competitors, The Bears, a team whose record this season had been perfect. 这周，雄狮队要和我们的主要竞争者——大熊队比赛，一个在本季比赛中纪录堪称完美的球队。 They hadn't lost a single game. 他们没有输过一场比赛。 It would be a tough one. 这将会是一场艰难的比赛。 课前预习自检 Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for. 保罗不知道他不久就会得到一直在等待的机会。 词句自测 ⑪a team whose record this season ... 中，关系代词whose引导限制性定语从句，在从句中作________。 定语 课前预习自检 Suddenly, a player and I crashed into each other. 突然，我和一个球员撞在了一起。 Pain raced through my body. 疼痛传遍我全身。 My knee hurt badly. 我的膝盖伤得很重。 The team gathered around, looking worried. 球队聚集在一起，看起来很担心。 The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10 points. 最后一节比赛要开始了，而我们队落后10分。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①________ vi.& vt. 猛撞 ②__________ 猛撞，猛击 ③________ vi.& vt. 聚集，聚合 ④_____________ 聚集 crash crash into gather gather around 课前预习自检 •“I don't think I can play anymore, coach，” I said quietly as the doctor put an ice pack on my knee. “我认为我不能再继续比赛了，教练。”当医生把冰袋放在我的膝盖上时，我轻声说道。 “No way，” the coach replied sharply. “We've got no more players！” “不行，”教练严厉地回答道，“我们没有更多的球员了！” “What about Paul？” someone suggested. “保罗呢？”有人建议道。 “Paul？” said the coach. “He can't play！” “保罗？”教练说，“他不会打球！” 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑤_________________ 不再…… ⑥________ n. 绷带，敷布；包，包裹　vi.& vt. 把……包起来 ⑦________ adv. 严厉地，毫不客气地 ⑧I said quietly as the doctor ... 中，as引导________状语从句，表示“(正当)……的时候”。 not ... anymore pack sharply 时间 课前预习自检 “Give him a shot, coach！” I said. “What have we got to lose？” “给他一个机会吧，教练！”我说，“我们又有什么损失呢？” “That's right，” another player said. “We're losing anyway. Let Paul play！” “没错，”另一个队员说，“反正我们要输了。让保罗打吧！” “Let me try, coach! I won't let you down！” Paul said. “让我试试吧，教练！我不会让您失望的！”保罗说。 课前预习自检 “OK, OK！” the coach finally agreed. “Don't let us down, Paul. It's your time to shine.” “好吧，好吧！”教练最后同意了，“别让我们失望，保罗。是你发光发亮的时候了。” 词句自测 ⑨_____________ 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望) let sb down 课前预习自检 Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court. 保罗跳起来，冲到球场上。 •And clearly, all the extra hours that he'd spent practising alone paid off. 很明显，他独自练习的所有额外时间得到了回报。 The other team just couldn't keep up with his energy and speed. 另一个队跟不上他的力量和速度。 He made shot after shot, and the crowd couldn't stop clapping and cheering. 他进了一球又一球，人群不停地鼓掌和欢呼。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑩_______ prep. 到……上，向……上 ⑪_________ adj. 额外的，另外的 ⑫_________ 取得成功；奏效 ⑬_____________ 跟上，保持同步 ⑭________ n．力量，活力 ⑮________ n. 人群 ⑯________ vi.& vt. 鼓掌，拍手 ⑰all the extra hours that he'd ... 中，that 引导限制性定语从句，先行词为_______，指物。 onto extra pay off keep up with energy crowd clap hours 课前预习自检 When the game ended, our team had won by two points. 当比赛结束时，我们队以两分的优势赢了。 “Well，” said the coach as he hit Paul on the shoulder, “you've just earned your place on the team, big guy！” “嗯，”教练一边拍着保罗的肩膀一边说，“你刚刚已经赢得了你在球队中的位置，‘大个子’！” 词句自测 ⑱________ vt. 赢得；博得 earn 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 prefer vt. 更喜欢(教材P28) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Most people prefer trains to buses. 大多数人愿意坐火车而不愿坐公共汽车。 ②I prefer writing a term paper to taking an examination. 我宁愿写学期论文也不愿参加考试。 ③He prefers to rent a car rather than buy one. ＝Rather than buy a car, he prefers to rent one. 他宁愿租车也不愿买车。 ④I would prefer that you did not mention my name. 我宁愿你没有提及我的名字。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I'd prefer ________ (work) in the office rather than ________ (stay) at home watching TV. ②On a cold day, he prefers ________ (go) out to play football to staying at home. ③—We have both red and white wine. Do you have a _____________ (prefer) for one or the other? —White, please. to work stay going preference 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①你是喜欢自己散步还是和我们一起看电影？ Do you prefer _________________ by yourself or __________________ with us? ②他宁死也不当叛徒。 He preferred __________________ become a traitor. walking/to walk seeing/to see a film to die rather than 重点合作探究 2 rather than 而不是(教材P28) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①If you are one of them, I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining. 如果你是他们中的一员，我想说改变事情的唯一方式是行动，而不是抱怨。 ②I would stay at home rather than go out today. 今天我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。 ③When the winter winds blow, some of us would rather hibernate than work out. 当冬天的风刮来时，我们当中的一些人宁愿冬眠也不愿出去工作。 重点合作探究 名师点津 (1)rather than 常用于连接两个并列成分，当连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。 (2)rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to；但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①Linda, rather than you, ________ (be) to blame for not finishing the work on time. ②She preferred to stay at home rather ________ go shopping with him. ③I firmly believe children should be taught to cooperate rather than ___________ (compete)． is than (to) compete 重点合作探究 3 balanced adj. 均衡的(教材P28) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①A balanced diet contains lots of fruit and vegetables. 均衡的饮食包括大量的水果和蔬菜。 ②The girl lost her balance and fell off the bike. 女孩失去平衡，从自行车上掉了下来。 ③We should try to do something to keep the balance of nature. 我们应该尽量做些什么来保持自然界的平衡。 ④You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside against the disadvantages. 你不得不权衡一下住在乡村的优势和劣势。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Our life gets completely out ________ balance. ②________ balance, the company has had a successful year. ③He cut down on coffee and cigarettes, and ate a ___________ (balance) diet. (2)单句表达 ①她抓住扶手以保持平衡。 She held onto the rail to __________________. ②我们应该有健康和均衡的饮食。 We should have ___________________________． of On balanced keep her balance a healthy and balanced diet 重点合作探究 4 Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.(教材P30) 保罗知道比其他球员矮意味着他必须加强练习。 剖析 动名词短语being shorter than other players在第一个that引导的宾语从句中作主语。 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Saying is one thing, and doing is another. 说是一回事，做又是另一回事。 ②It is no good reading without understanding. 读书不求甚解是无益的。 ③It is a waste of time arguing with him about the matter. 同他争辩这件事是浪费时间。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ (take) notes is a good habit for students. ②Planning so far ahead ________ (make) no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. ③___________ (return) to a book you've read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend. ④It is a waste of time _____________ (discuss) such matters. ⑤________ is no use crying over spilt milk. Taking makes Returning discussing It 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 一直谈论此事没用。 ________________________ it all the time. It is no use talking about 重点合作探究 5 try out for sth 参加……选拔(教材P30) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He should have tried out for the Olympic 100 metres squad. 他本该参加奥运会百米赛跑队的选拔。 ②She knew I wanted to try the boat out at the weekend. 她知道我周末想试一试这艘船。 ③You are a born artist and ought to try your hand at painting. 你是天生的艺术家，应该试试绘画。 ④He came to England to try his luck. 他到英国来碰碰运气。 ⑤You'd better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好尝试用另一种办法做这个试验。 重点合作探究 ①我告诉他，我会尽最大努力帮助他，和他交朋友。 I told him that I would ______________________ and make friends with him. ②你为什么不去参加篮球队的选拔？ Why don’t you _____________________________？ try my best to help him try out for the basketball team 重点合作探究 6 replacement n. 替换的人(物)(教材P30) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①He wasted little time in finding a replacement for me. 他很快就找来代替我的人。 ②A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, and sentences. 密码使用符号来代替单词、短语和句子。 ③The factory replaces workers with/bymachines. 这家工厂用机器代替了工人。 ④A person, unlike a machine, is not replaceable. 和机器不同，人是不可替代的。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Jim broke Tom's cup and had to replace it ________ a new one. ②He would see I was not so easily ___________________ (replace)． (2)同义句转换 Do you think about whether computers will replace teachers in the class? ＝Do you think about whether computers ______________________________ _______？ ＝Do you think about whether computers _______________________________？ with/by replaceable/replaced will take the place of teachers in the class will be in place of teachers in the class 重点合作探究 7 desire n. 渴望(教材P30) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Tour guides need to be independent, outgoing and have a desire to share information. 导游需要独立、外向并且渴望分享信息。 ②People have a strong desire for approaching the nature to relax nowadays. 当今人们十分渴望走近自然去放松一下。 ③He desires to enter a top university. 他渴望考入一流大学。 ④The boss desires you to start working at once. 老板希望你立即开始工作。 重点合作探究 名师点津 desire后跟宾语从句时，从句谓语动词用虚拟语气，其形式为：(should＋)动词原形。用法相同的动词还有suggest, order, demand, require, advise等。 ⑤We may desire that everyone (should) be happy in the party. 我们希望在聚会上大家都开心快乐。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He desires ________ (be) famous. ②The people desired that they _____________ (live) a happy life. ③They desired me ___________ (return) soon. (2)单句表达 ①大多数孩子都有求知欲。 Most children _________________ knowledge. ②他期望你立刻去见他。 He desired that ____________________ at once. to be (should) live to return have a desire for you (should) see him 重点合作探究 8 The last quarter was about to begin, and my team was behind by 10 points.(教材P31) 最后一节即将开始，我们队已经落后10分。 剖析 be about to do sth 意为“将要做某事”。 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①I was just about to call you. 我正准备给你打电话。 ②She is to visit France next week. 她下周将访问法国。 ③He is going to write a letter tonight. 他今晚要写一封信。 ④He will be twenty years old. 他即将20岁。 重点合作探究 名师点津 be about to do sth表示“将要做某事”，一般不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用。它常与并列连词when构成be about to do ... when ... (正要……这时突然……)句型。 He was about to set off when it rained. 他正要出发，就在此时突然下起雨来了。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Tom was about to go to bed ________ Lily called him up. ②—You haven't switched off the light in the kitchen. —Oh, so I have to. I ________ (go) and switch it off. (2)选词填空(will/be to/be about to/be going to) ①If you ask him, he ________ help you. ②I ____________ turn on the TV when the electricity was cut off. ③No one ________ leave classroom until the work is done. ④Look at the dark clouds! It ____________ rain. when will go will was about to is to is going to 重点合作探究 9 “Don't let us down, Paul. It's your time to shine．”(教材P31) “别让我们失望，保罗。你发光发亮的时刻到了。” 剖析 It's time to do ... “是该做……的时候了”。 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①It's time for her to answer the question. 是该她回答问题的时候了。 ②It is high time you started/should start on your homework. 你该做功课了。 重点合作探究 名师点津 It's (high) time (that) ... “是该做……的时候了”。从句用虚拟语气，谓语用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should一般不省略。 It is (high) time (that) he made up his mind. ＝It is (high) time (that) he should make up his mind. 是该他做出决定的时候了。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①是该告诉她真相的时候了。 ____________ tell her the truth. ②到了孩子们该睡觉的时候了。 It’s high time that the children __________________________． It's time to went to bed/should go to bed 重点合作探究 10 let sb down 使失望，辜负(别人的信任或期望)(教材P31) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①You can trust Brooks; he'll never let you down. 你可以相信布鲁克斯。他决不会让你失望。 ②He let out a cry of horror. 他发出了惊恐的叫声。 ③The traffic in this city never lets up, even at night. 这座城市里的交通从不会停止，即使是在晚上。 ④Thankfully, I've learned to switch off and let it go. 谢天谢地，我已经学会了释然，随它去吧。 ⑤He hasn't enough money for food, let alone amusements. 他连吃饭的钱都不够，更不用说娱乐了。 重点合作探究 (1)选词填空(let go/let alone/let ... down) ①He did not have enough money to have the tire patched up, ________ buy a new one. ②She ________ of Mona's hand and took a sip of her drink. ③In order not to ________ myself ________， I must make every effort. let alone let go let down 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①他突然发出了尖叫声。 He suddenly _________________． ②我们一刻也不应放松。 ______________________ for a moment. let out a scream We should never let up 重点合作探究 11 pay off 取得成功；奏效(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Sandra was determined to become a doctor and her persistence paid off. 桑德拉决心成为一名医生，她的坚持不懈终于带来了成功。 ②You'll have to pay for your rudeness. 你要为你的无礼付出代价。 ③I will pay you back next week. 我下周把钱还给你。 ④She refused to pay up. 她拒绝偿还欠款。 ⑤Next Sunday we could go and pay a visit to a friend of ours. 下个星期天我们可以去拜访我们的一位朋友。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I can't get it across to my son that extra time spent studying now will pay ________ in the future. ②I'll pay you ________ that two pounds tomorrow. ③You must pay ________ what you owe me. ④We need to pay ________ the meal. off back up for 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①我希望我们所做的会有回报。 I hope what we have done will _________． ②明天你会去看望你的老师吗？ Will you __________________________ tomorrow? ③用信用卡付款非常方便。 It is convenient to __________ things by credit card. pay off pay a visit to your teacher pay for 重点合作探究 12 keep up with 跟上，保持同步(教材P31) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Keep away from the edge of the cliff. 切莫靠近悬崖边。 ②I'm happy to just keep on doing until it is finished. 我乐意继续做，直到完成。 ③We should keep it in mind that getting up early is good for health. 我们应该牢记早起对健康有益。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①I hope the fine weather will keep ________． ②How are we going to keep the flies ________ this food? ③She has kept up ________ some of her friends since her retirement. up off with 重点合作探究 13 crowd n. 人群(教材P31) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①The crowd burst into laughter when they heard the funny story. 当听到那个好笑的故事时，人们哄然大笑。 ②A crowd of tourists paid a visit to the Great Wall yesterday even if it rained heavily. 尽管下着大雨，昨天还是有一群游客去参观了长城。 ③She wanted to sleep, but thoughts crowded in. 她想睡觉，但头脑中想法不断涌现。 ④Every year, tens of thousands people crowd into the big cities to seek a better job. 每年，成千上万的人涌进大城市去寻找更好的工作。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①In __________ (crowd) places like airports and railway stations, you must take care of your luggage. ②My father persuaded me out of going to the West Coast because it was crowded ________ tourists. ③Sweet memories crowded ________ on me. ④The crowd ________ (be) in favour of the old man who stood up in defence of the poor boy. crowded with in were 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①一群孩子聚集在老人周围听他讲故事。 ________________ children gathered around the old man listening to his story. ②这么小的房子里挤满了读书的青少年。 Such a small house ________________ teenagers who are reading books. ③他们设法挤进了拥挤的火车。 They managed to ____________ the crowded train. A crowd of is crowded with crowd into 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Traffic accidents have decreased in ________ (发生的频率) over recent years. 2．Like most ________ (运动员), she is lean and muscular. 3．She has won the title of the world’s ____________ (冠军)． 4．Breakfast is provided at no ________ (额外的) charge. 5．He draws his __________ (灵感) from nature. frequency athletes champion extra inspiration 课堂效果检测（一） 6．I would have p________ somebody who had wider ideas, but he was rather narrow. 7．He d________ his opponents in this election. 8．In the evenings, we g________ around the fireplace and talked. 9．The prices drop s________． 10．A huge c________ gathered in a square outside the Kremlin walls. referred efeated athered harply rowd 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．To have a __________ (balance) diet, you need to take in all kinds of nutrients. 2．He spoke ________ (sharp) at the meeting again. 3．I’m told ________ you caught a cold. 4．Fewer people desire ________ (live) in the north of the country. 5．They need your help; don’t let them ________． balanced sharply that to live down 课堂效果检测（一） 6．It’s time that he __________________ (stand) on his own feet. 7．She was about to leave the room ________ the telephone rang. 8．The worn tyres are badly in need of _____________ (replace)． 9．He prefers to stay at home rather ________ go out to travel. 10．The children gathered ________ in a circle to play games. stood/should stand when replacement than around 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅲ.选词填空 1．Female friends and relatives _______________， preparing the bride for the ceremony. 2．A car went out of control and ____________ the back of a bus. 3．I’m always ______________ and I keep myself not that busy! 4．I don't think you ________ your parents ________. gather around in good shape; keep fit; crash into; be about to; let sb down; pay off; keep up with; try out for; gather around; earn one's place crashed into in good shape let down 课堂效果检测（一） 5．If you want to ____________， you need to exercise more. 6．They doubted whether all this work would ____________. 7．I think I’ll ____________ the Drama Club. 8．The young player John _________________ on the team by exercising hard. 9．The plane ____________ take off. 10．She shook her head and started to walk on; he ____________ her. keep fit pay off try out for earned his place is about to kept up with 课堂效果检测（一） 课时语法精讲——定语从句(1) 课时语法精讲 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．There are those ________ say she should not have got the job. 2．The man ___________ was here yesterday is a painter. 3．At that time I was in Texas and I had a friend ________ family business was running hotels. 4．The man ______________________ she employs is always complaining about his pay. who who/that whose whom/who/that/不填 课时语法精讲 5．We live in a house ________ windows open to the south. 6．She was not in the train ____________ arrived just now. 7．The little problems ________________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. 8．Music is the only thing ________ interests me. whose that/which that/which/不填 that 课时语法精讲 语法讲座 一、定义 在复合句中起定语的作用，修饰某一名词或代词，或修饰整个主句的从句称为定语从句。定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词。 1．先行词 被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。 课时语法精讲 2．关系词 关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能分为关系代词和关系副词。 关系代词所代替的先行词是指人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 关系副词所代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 关系代词：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词：when, where, why等。 课时语法精讲 二、关系代词的用法 1．who, whom, that所代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语 Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想见你的那个人吗？ (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/that/who) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that/who在从句中作宾语) 课时语法精讲 2．whose用来指人或物，只用作定语 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 他们都跑过去帮那个车坏了的人。 Please pass me the book whose cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。 课时语法精讲 3．which, that所代替的先行词是指事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等 A prosperity which/that had never been seen before appeared in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣景象。(which/that在从句中作主语) The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包裹快散了。(which/that在从句中作宾语) 课时语法精讲 单句表达 ①你看到今天来的那封信了吗？ Did you see the letter ____________________？ ②你认识正在吸烟的那个人吗？ Do you know the person _____________________？ ③她带来三个我之前从未见过的朋友。 She brought with her three friends ___________________________________． ④就是那个男人的房子被烧毁了。 That's the man ________________________________. which/that came today who/that is smoking (whom/who/that) I had never met before whose house has been burned down 课时语法精讲 三、需要注意的问题 1．用that不用which的情况 (1)当先行词是all, much, little, few, none, anything, nothing, something, everything等不定代词或被不定代词修饰时： You should hand in all that you have. 你们应该把你们所有的东西都交上来。 (2)当先行词有the only, the right, the very, the last等词修饰时： He was the very applicant that impressed me. 他就是那个给我留下深刻印象的申请人。 课时语法精讲 (3)当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或先行词被该类词修饰时： This is the best film that has been shown so far in the city. 这是这座城市迄今为止所放映过的最好的电影。 (4)当先行词既有人又有物时： We talked about the people and things that we remembered. 我们谈论起了我们记忆中的人和事。 (5)当主句是以 which和who开头的特殊疑问句时： Who is the man that is standing there? 正站在那里的那个人是谁？ 课时语法精讲 2．用which不用that的情况 (1)当关系代词前有介词时 The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago. 他们现在住的房子是50年前建的。 (2)当先行词本身是that时 I don't like that which he did. 我不喜欢他做的那件事。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 当名词前有such或the same修饰时，引导定语从句的关系代词常用as; as也可用来指代一句话的内容，意为“正如”。 3．关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省略，但是作主语时不可以省略 The place (which/that) they visited last year was flooded. 他们去年参观的地方发水灾了。 They visited the place which/that was flooded last year. 他们参观了去年发水灾的地方。 课时语法精讲 I have never heard such a story as he tells. 我从来没听过像他讲的这样的故事。 This is the same pen as I lost. 这支钢笔跟我丢的那支一模一样。 Attack is the best method of defence, as Napoleon once said. 正如拿破仑曾经说过的，进攻是最好的防御方法。 课时语法精讲 (1)单句语法填空 ①He did everything ___________ he could to help us. ②This is the most interesting story ___________ I have ever read. ③The first thing ___________ we should do now is to find a local guide. ④Which is the T－shirt ________ fits me most? ⑤We depend on the land from ________ we get our food. ⑥I have that ________ you gave me. that/不填 that/不填 that/不填 that which which 课时语法精讲 (2)单句表达 ①有些我自己解决不了的事情。 There is something ____________________ by myself. ②我想借一本和你读的一样的书。 I want to borrow the same book _______________． (that) I can't solve as you read 课时语法精讲 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The boy ___________ broke the window is called Tom. 2．The most interesting book __________ I want to read is Forrest Gump. 3．That author ____________________ you praised in your review has written a reply. 4．They talked about their classmates and things ________ they still remembered in middle school. 5．The most important thing __________ we should consider is the first idea __________ he has mentioned in his speech. who/that that/不填 whom/who/that/不填 that/不填 that/不填 that/不填 课堂效果检测（二） 6．The tiny insect ________ eyes are fixed on the cabbage shows great interest in the vegetable. 7．Do you still remember the chicken farm _________________ we visited three months ago? 8．Women __________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a chance of having heart disease. 9．This is the building ________ windows are all painted green. 10．That is one of the most interesting books ________ are sold in the bookshop. whose that/which/不填 who/that whose that 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅱ.单句表达 1．这个女孩很熟悉，可能她就是昨天我在大街上遇到的那个女孩。 This girl is familiar to me; maybe she is the girl ___________________________ ___________ yesterday. 2．这就是他哥哥建议的那个假期计划。 This is the very plan for the holidays ______________________________． (who/whom/that) I met in the street that was suggested by his brother 课堂效果检测（二） 3．那些带给我们快乐的人应该被爱。 Those people __________________________ should be loved. 4．眼镜是黑色的那个工程师大约50岁了。 The engineer ________________________ is about 50 years old. 5．安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2020年。 The exact year _________________________________________________ was 2020. who bring us happiness whose glasses are black (that/which) Angela and her family spent together in China 课堂效果检测（二） 课后课时作业（一） Ⅰ　完形填空 Mary, 16, was suffering from cancer. As a father, Mitchell always stayed at home to care for her. He said the __1__ left them financially worse off. Then a group called Growing Hope __2__ in with $1，800 to help with his living costs. __3__， he wanted to pay it back. In his youth, he had been a __4__. So at age 40, Mitchell took up the __5__ again, participating in two fights in Fairfax. During this time, he __6__ his daughter. And for six months he did little but mourn. One day, Mitchell __7__ a Mark Twain quote—The two most important days in your life are the day you are born and the day you __8__ why. “After I read that quote, I was going to spend the __9__ of my life helping kids with cancer and their families，” he said. 课后课时作业（一） 103 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mitchell (米切尔)在女儿Mary (玛丽)去世后受到Mark Twain (马克·吐温)名言的启示，加入陆战队马拉松，并把钱都捐给身患癌症的孩子们，从而发现了自己的社会价值。 Mitchell thought of creating a foundation, yet boxing did not seem practical anymore for fundraising due to his age. Then he found that __10__ could be a source to raise money. In the Corps Marathon he cut a striking figure on the course. __11__ by this success, he set his sight higher. He __12__ each of the miles of the race to a different child with cancer, and he carried their __13__ with him. Years after his daughter's death, Mitchell now __14__ up in the morning knowing his __15__． 课后课时作业（一） 104 1．A.atmosphere B．crisis C．situation D．poverty 解析： atmosphere 氛围；crisis 危机；situation 情况；poverty 贫穷。根据设空前的“Mary, 16, was suffering ... to care for her.”可知，因为Mary患有癌症，父亲Mitchell要待在家里照顾女儿，所以这种情况使得家庭经济状况变得越来越糟糕。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 105 2．A.brought B．stepped C．took D．broke 解析：根据设空后的“in with $1，800 to help with his living costs”可知，一个名为Growing Hope的组织介入，给了他1，800美元的生活费。step in “介入；插手干预”。故选B。 3．A.Grateful B．Hopeful C．Sorrowful D．Helpful 解析：grateful 感激的；hopeful 充满希望的；sorrowful 悲伤的；helpful 有帮助的。根据设空后的“he wanted to pay it back”可知，Mitchell对这个组织是非常感激的。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 106 4．A.runner B．singer C．boxer D．fighter 解析：根据第四段中的“boxing”可知，Mitchell年轻时是一名拳击手。故选C。 5．A.helmets B．gloves C．boxes D．sneakers 解析：根据设空后的“participating in two fights in Fairfax”可知，Mitchell又开始接受挑战了。take up the gloves “接受挑战”。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 107 6．A.cured B．accompanied C．comforted D．lost 解析： cure 治愈；accompany 陪伴；comfort 使舒适；lose 失去。根据下文中的“he did little but mourn”以及文章最后的“Years after his daughter's death”可知，在此期间，他失去了自己的女儿。故选D。 7．A.came upon B．agreed to C．looked at D．depended on 解析： come upon 偶然碰到；agree to 同意；look at 看；depend on 依赖，依靠。根据下文中的“a Mark Twain quote”可知，Mitchell偶然读到Mark Twain的名言。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 108 8．A.consider B．ask C．discover D．make 解析：句意：有一天，Mitchell偶然读到Mark Twain说过的话——你生命中最重要的两天是你出生的那一天和你发现为何而生的那一天。consider 考虑；ask 问；discover 发现；make 制造。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 109 9．A.forces B．rest C．energy D．resources 解析： force 力量；rest 剩余部分；energy 能量，精力；resource 资源，财力。根据下文中的“helping kids with cancer and their families”可知，Mitchell打算用余生帮助那些患有癌症的孩子和他们的家庭。the rest of life “余生”。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 110 10．A.funding B．singing C．running D．projecting 解析：根据设空后的“In the Corps Marathon”可知，Mitchell发现可以通过跑步来筹钱。故选C。 11．A.Depressed B．Moved C．Shocked D．Inspired 解析：在此次马拉松比赛中，Mitchell在比赛场上崭露头角。由此可推知，在成功的激励下，他把眼光放得更高。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 111 12．A.left B．donated C．competed D．conveyed 解析：leave 离开；donate 捐赠；compete 竞争；convey 传达。根据设空后的“to a different child with cancer”可知，Mitchell把比赛的每一分钱都捐给了患癌症的孩子们。故选B。 13．A.smiles B．parents C．strengths D．pictures 解析：smile 微笑；parent 父亲(或母亲)；strength 优势；picture 照片。此处指在比赛过程中他随身携带患病孩子的照片。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 112 14．A.stands B．goes C．wakes D．climbs 解析：根据设空后的“in the morning”可推知，此处表示在早晨醒来的时候。故选C。 15．A.time B．what C．course D．why 解析：此处与上文提到的Mark Twain的名言中的“why”相呼应，表示他知道早晨为什么而醒来。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 113 Ⅱ　阅读 A Race walking (竞走) shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely leading to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50­kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight through most of the leg swing (摆动) and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times. It's this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass. 课后课时作业（一） 114 “Like running, race walking is physically demanding，” she says. Race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories (卡路里) per hour, which is almost twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1，000 or more calories per hour. “However, race walking doesn't do as much harm to the body as running does，” Dr Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. 课后课时作业（一） 115 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走相比跑步有诸多的优势，但是之前受过伤的人想要从事这项运动要谨慎。 “As a result，” she says, “some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncommon among race walkers.” But the sport's strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. “In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult (咨询) a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique，” she says. “It takes some practice.” 课后课时作业（一） 116 1．Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A．They must run long distances. B．They must compete in the marathon. C．They have to follow special rules. D．They are good at swinging their legs. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“But the sport's rules require ... at all times. (但这项运动的规则要求竞走者的膝盖在腿部摆动的大部分时间里保持笔直，并且一只脚始终与地面接触。)”可知，竞走运动员需要遵守特殊的规则。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 117 2．What advantage does race walking have over running? A．It's more popular at the Olympics. B．It's less challenging physically. C．It's more effective in body building. D．It's less likely to cause knee injuries. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘As a result，’ she says ... among race walkers.’(‘因此，’她说，‘一些与跑步有关的损伤，比如跑步膝，在竞走者中并不常见。’)”可知，竞走与跑步相比，其优势是不太可能导致膝盖受伤。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 118 3．What is Dr Norberg's suggestion for someone trying race walking? A．Getting experts' opinions. B．Having a medical checkup. C．Hiring an experienced coach. D．Doing regular exercises. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“‘In fact, anyone wishing to ... proper technique，’ she says.(她说，‘事实上，任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者，以学习正确的技巧。’)”可知，Dr Norberg (诺贝格博士)建议想尝试竞走的人应该咨询专家的建议。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 119 B An 114 kilograms mother, Cacia Griggs, was ashamed into losing weight after crushing her daughter, four­year­old Isabelle's bed while reading her a bedtime story. Just one year later she has lost 50 kilograms, dropped to a size 10, and even was employed by her dream company. One night, having asked her 29­year­old husband to carry Isabelle up to bed because she couldn't fit through the stair gate, Cacia followed them upstairs and lay down on the edge of the bed with her daughter to read her a story. 课后课时作业（一） 120 “I heard a loud snap (咔嚓声)，” she said. “I'd broken the entire side beam of her bed because I was overweight. I was upset.” On her first family holiday with Chris and Isabelle in Turkey last year, Cacia had a similar moment when she couldn't fit the plane seatbelt around her. Cacia began the Cambridge Weight Plan in June 2011, changing her high­calorie diet into soups, shakes and bars. In August this year, Cacia reached her goal weight and dropped from a size 24 to a size 10. 课后课时作业（一） 121 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Cacia (卡恰)在给女儿讲睡前故事时，由于自己太胖，把女儿的床压断了。因此Cacia为了女儿开始了她的减肥计划，并最终瘦身成功。 “My weight began to drop off，” she said. “In no time at all I was wearing smaller clothes and was over the moon the first time I brought a size 16, I couldn't believe it fitted.” Cacia says the best thing about losing the weight is being able to lie with her daughter again on her bed instead of sitting on the floor next to her. 课后课时作业（一） 122 4．Why did Cacia determine to lose weight? A．She couldn't read the stories for her daughter. B．She crushed her daughter's bed. C．She couldn't fit the plane seatbelt around her. D．She couldn't fit through the stair gate. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，Cacia在给女儿讲睡前故事时把女儿的床压断了，所以她决定减肥。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 123 5．When Cacia realized she snapped her daughter's bed, she felt ________． A．pleased B．unbelievable C．curious D．unhappy 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，Cacia因体重超标，把床的一根侧梁压断了，她当时感到很不高兴。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 124 6．Cacia lost her weight ________． A．by doing some exercise B．by going on a diet C．by having a balanced diet D．by taking some drugs 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Cacia began the Cambridge Weight Plan ... shakes and bars.”可知，Cacia在2011年6月开始了剑桥减肥计划，将她的高热量饮食改为汤、奶昔和替餐棒。由此可推知，Cacia通过吃均衡的饮食来减肥。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 125 7．What's the best title for the passage? A．A mother's love B．A crashed bed C．A way to lose weight D．A heathy diet 解析：标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了Cacia在给女儿讲睡前故事时，由于自己太胖，把女儿的床压断了。因此Cacia为了女儿开始了她的减肥计划，并最终瘦身成功。由此可知，A项(一位母亲的爱)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 126 C Being highly successful in any field is pretty rare. It takes a combination of natural talent, luck, determination, and plenty of outside support for someone to make it big in sports, entertainment, or business. But what if competing is all that matters to you, whether you are likely to succeed or not? This was the goal of Michael “Eddie the Eagle” Edwards, and that he reached that goal was an amazing achievement. 课后课时作业（一） 127 Born in the UK in 1963, Michael was an enthusiastic downhill skier whose dream was to compete for Britain in world­class competitions. He would have liked to represent his country in the 1984 Winter Olympics, but there were a large number of downhill competitors, and Edwards didn't qualify. Seeing his chance elsewhere, he switched to ski jumping. Ski jumping didn't cost nearly as much, and there was almost no competition for a place on the Britain team. 课后课时作业（一） 128 But a number of hurdles (障碍) could have meant the end of Edwards' dream. He weighed more than most competitors, which put him at a disadvantage. He had no financial support for his training. Poor eyesight meant that he had to wear glasses under his goggles (护目镜)—not a good thing when they steamed up at high altitudes. But he couldn't let any of this discourage him. He saw himself as a true lover of the sport who simply wanted the chance to compete. Winning wasn't the point. Having the opportunity to try was all he cared about. And nothing could stop him from trying. 课后课时作业（一） 129 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位英国运动员Michael Edwards (迈克尔·爱德华兹)热爱运动，他认为参加比赛的目的是重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛。 In the end, Edwards took 55th place in the 1987 World Championships. He then went on to the Calgary Olympics in 1988, where he finished last in both of his events. Many athletes would have been embarrassed by this result, but he was proud of his achievement to this day. His determination to fight against all the odds made him a global hero, and in 2016, the inspiring film Eddie the Eagle was made about his life. 课后课时作业（一） 130 8．What is the purpose of the first paragraph? A．To add some background information. B．To uncover the secret of success. C．To expect an answer from readers. D．To introduce the topic. 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段内容可推知，作者通过对比提问，引出本文的话题。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 131 9．Why did Michael Edwards choose ski jumping? A．It took less skill. B．The equipment was cheaper. C．There was little competition. D．It was easy to win the championship. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，Michael Edwards选择跳台滑雪是因为其竞争较少。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 132 10．After the Calgary Olympics, Edwards ________． A．felt he had reached his goal B．was embarrassed by his results C．switched to film making D．was glad it was over 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“but he was proud of his achievement to this day”可知，Edwards对自己的表现和结果很满意。由此可推知，他认为自己已经实现了目标。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 133 11．What made Michael Edwards outstanding? A．His determination to win. B．His enthusiasm for the sport. C．His attitude towards the Olympics. D．His ability to overcome physical disabilities. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，Edwards热爱运动，他认为参加比赛的目的是重在参与，而不仅仅是赢得比赛，所以是他对运动的热爱让他变得出名。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 134 D Over the past few decades, children have been taking part less in free play and more in organized sports. While participation in organized sports has both social and physical benefits for young children, concerns about safety and benefits increase as participants get younger. Though most children are naturally likely to be physically active, not all kids are willing to get up and move. Soccer coach Joseph Luxbacher says, “Every kid has the potential (潜力) to be a good sportsman in different kinds of sports. Participating in organized sports such as the school soccer team introduces direction to children's physical activities. Following a team schedule gives kids a set time and place to exercise. As a result, kids can be safe from accidents and be protected against hurt.” 课后课时作业（一） 135 What's more, participating in organized sports gives children time to communicate with others and shows good sportsmanship. For young children who may still be very self－centered, participating in team sports teaches them to think about the group and encourages them to be happy about the success of their teammates. Kids can also benefit from spending time with their coach and having a chance to develop a positive relationship with an adult other than their parents, especially if the coach is both skilled and devoted to being a positive mentor (指导者)． 课后课时作业（一） 136 Playing organized sports requires a lot of time for practice and games, so it would seem that this could influence students' study. Actually it can ameliorate students' test performance. That's because to play organized sports well, players have to memorize information, do repetitive actions, and learn from teammates. All these types of learning skills can make students score higher. 课后课时作业（一） 137 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有组织的体育运动对学生的益处。 Though it can come from many different sources—parents, coaches, teammates or themselves—many children who participate in organized sports feel pressured to succeed. While a little stress can be helpful in leading children to perform with increased focus and strength, too much stress will leave young kids feeling very tired. Organized sports are more likely to put the right amount of pressure on them. 课后课时作业（一） 138 12．What do Joseph Luxbacher's words show? A．Organized sports can achieve kids' potential. B．Most children prefer free play to organized sports. C．Organized sports can better secure kids from injuries. D．Most children have a set time and place to exercise 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Following a team schedule ... and be protected against hurt. (遵循团队时间表给孩子们一个固定的时间和地点锻炼。因此，孩子们可以远离事故，避免受伤。)”可知，有组织的运动可以更好地防止孩子受伤。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 139 13．What is the third paragraph mainly about? A．Kids can learn social skills by playing organized sports. B．Kids can meet better coaches by playing organized sports. C．Kids can show good judgement by playing organized sports. D．Kids can better communicate with parents by playing organized sports. 解析：段落大意题。根据第三段中的“What's more, participating ... to communicate with others (更重要的是，参加有组织的体育活动给孩子们与他人交流的时间)”可知，本段主要介绍了孩子们可以通过参加有组织的运动来学习社交技能。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 140 14．What does the underlined word “ameliorate” mean in Paragraph 4? A．Measure. B．Record. C．Recognize. D．Improve. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“That's because to play ... make students score higher. (这是因为要很好地进行有组织的运动，运动员必须记住信息，做重复的动作，并向队友学习。所有这些类型的学习技能都可以让学生获得更高的分数。)”可知，参加有组织的体育运动有助于改善学生的成绩。由此可知，画线词意为“改善；提高”。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 141 15．What is the best title for the text? A．How organized sports can benefit children B．How to coach children in organized sports C．How organized sports put pressure on children D．How to become a good teammate in organized sports 解析：标题判断题。文章主要介绍了有组织的体育运动对学生的益处。由此可知，A项(有组织的运动如何使儿童受益)最适合作为文章标题。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 142 课后课时作业（二） Ⅰ　阅读 People believe that climbing can do good to health. Where can you learn the skill of climbing then? If you think that you have to go to the mountains to learn how to climb, you're wrong. Many Americans are learning to climb in city gyms. Here, people are learning on special climbing walls. The climbing wall goes straight up and has small holding places for hands and feet. 课后课时作业（二） 144 How do people climb the wall? To climb, you need special shoes and a harness around your chest to hold you. There are ropes (绳索) tied to your harness. The ropes hold you in place so that you don't fall. A beginner's wall is usually about 15 feet high, and you climb straight up. There are small pieces of metal that stick out for you to stand on and hold on to. Sometimes it's easy to see the new piece of metal. Sometimes, it's not. The most difficult part is to control your fear. It's normal for humans to be afraid of falling, so it's difficult not to feel fear. But when you move away from the wall, the harness and the ropes hold you, and you begin to feel safe. You move slowly until you reach the top. 课后课时作业（二） 145 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了攀岩运动以及它的益处。 Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone. You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs. This sport gives your body a complete workout. When you climb, both your mind and your body can become stronger. 课后课时作业（二） 146 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“People believe that ... in city gyms.”以及最后一段中的“Climbing attracts people because it's good exercise for almost everyone.”可推知，如今人们对攀岩很感兴趣。故选A。 1．Which can we infer from the passage? A．People are fairly interested in climbing nowadays. B．It is impossible to build up one's body by climbing. C．People can only learn the skill of climbing outdoors. D．It is always easy to see holding places in climbing. 课后课时作业（二） 147 2．The most difficult thing to do in wall climbing is ________． A．to tie ropes to your harness B．to control your fear C．to move away from the wall D．to climb straight up 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The most difficult part is to control your fear.”可知，在攀岩时最困难的事情是克服恐惧。故选B。 课后课时作业（二） 148 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“You use your whole body, especially your arms and legs.”可知，攀岩这一运动可以让身体得到全面的锻炼。画线词workout意为“锻炼”。故选B。 3．The underlined word “workout” in the last paragraph most probably means “________”． A．settlement B．exercise C．excitement D．tiredness 课后课时作业（二） 149 4．Why does the author write this passage? A．To tell people where to find gyms. B．To prove the basic need for climbing. C．To encourage people to climb mountains. D．To introduce the sport of wall climbing. 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章谈到攀岩的地点、注意事项及攀岩的好处等，由此可推知，本文的写作目的应是向人们介绍攀岩这项运动。故选D。 课后课时作业（二） 150 Ⅱ　七选五 If you desire to meet new friends, have fun and get into shape, basketball is the best sport for you regardless of whether you are a professional or an amateur. __1__ Here are some of the benefits you can acquire from playing basketball. •Improve your fitness levels. Playing basketball will definitely improve your fitness levels. Basketball is an amazing cardiovascular (心血管的) exercise, which is beneficial to people with heart problems. __2__ 课后课时作业（二） 151 •Encourage teamwork. Basketball requires teamwork to achieve a common objective. __3__ This sport is great for kids, as it shows them how to work together in harmony to reach the goal. Learning how to relate with others will improve your child's confidence as well as self­esteem (自尊)． •__4__ Making a shot or winning can really improve your child's self­esteem, which is a vital aspect during childhood. Children with confidence are able to overcome challenges better, according to recent studies. 课后课时作业（二） 152 •Develop social skills. It brings individuals together and helps create friendship and bonds. This provides a great opportunity for children who are shy, as it helps them interact with new friends. __5__ Although there are no drawbacks associated to playing basketball, it is necessary that you perform other exercises to improve your speed and power. 课后课时作业（二） 153 A．Build up your muscles. B．Improve confidence and self­esteem. C．The players have to work as a team to guarantee a win. D．Social skills will help your child function better in life. E．Basketball is popular worldwide due to a variety of reasons. F．Generally speaking, basketball is one of the safest sports in the world. G．Moreover, it aids in oxygen circulation and blood distribution throughout the body. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了打篮球的好处。 课后课时作业（二） 154 解析：上文介绍如果想结识新朋友，玩得开心并保持身材，篮球是最适合的运动。E项(篮球在全球范围内流行有多种原因。)承接上文，说明了打篮球的普遍性。故选E。 1．答案： E 解析：上文介绍打篮球是很好的心血管运动，对心脏有问题的人们有好处。G项(此外，这有助于促进氧气循环和全身血液分配。)与上文并列，说明打篮球对健康的益处。故选G。 2．答案： G 课后课时作业（二） 155 解析：本段介绍打篮球能培养团队合作精神，C项(球员必须合作才能确保胜利。)与上文相呼应，符合本段主题。故选C。 3．答案：C 解析：根据本段中的“improve your child's self­esteem”和“Children with confidence”可知，本段主题是关于打篮球对培养孩子自尊心和自信心的好处，B项(提升自信心和自尊心。)符合语境，适合作为本段标题。故选B。 4．答案：B 课后课时作业（二） 156 解析：本段介绍打篮球能提高社交技能，D项(社交技能将帮助你的孩子在生活中更好地发挥作用。)与本段话题一致，且D项中的“Social skills”与本段标题相呼应。故选D。 5．答案：D 课后课时作业（二） 157 Ⅲ　语法填空 Few people would even think of beginning a new job at the age of 76, __1__ one of America's most famous artists did just that. Anna Mary Robertson, better known as “Grandma Moses”， turned to painting when she was too old __2__ (work) on her farm. Grandma Moses was crazy about painting soon after she picked it up and worked hard at it. She painted __3__ (careful) and her works were nice. She first painted only to please __4__ (she), and then __5__ (begin) to sell her works for a little money. In 1993, a collector, Louis Caldor happened to see several of Grandma Moses' works __6__ (hang) in a shop. He liked them, __7__ (buy) them at once, and set out to look for __8__ (many). Caldor held __9__ show to introduce the works of Grandma Moses to other artists. Grandma Moses, __10__ was world­famous, died on December 13, 1961, at the age of 101. 课后课时作业（二） 158 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位著名的美国画家在76岁开始学习画画并自学成才的故事。 课后课时作业（二） 159 解析：考查连词。句意：很少有人会想到在76岁时开始一份新工作，但是美国最著名的艺术家之一就是这样做的。此处表示转折，应用but/yet。故填but/yet。 1．答案：but/yet 解析：考查非谓语动词。too ... to do sth “太……而不能做某事”。故填to work。 2．答案：to work 课后课时作业（二） 160 解析：考查词性转换。设空处应用副词修饰动词painted，作状语。故填carefully。 3．答案：carefully 解析：考查代词。句意：她最初画画只是为了取悦自己，后来开始出售自己的作品以换取一点收入。此处应用反身代词herself作please的宾语。故填herself。 4．答案：herself 课后课时作业（二） 161 解析：考查动词的时态。根据上文“She first painted”可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填began。 5．答案：began 解析：考查非谓语动词。此处应用过去分词作宾语补足语，表示被动。故填hung。 6．答案：hung 课后课时作业（二） 162 解析：考查动词的时态。根据句中and可知，设空处的动词与liked和set out 的时态一致，应用一般过去时。故填bought。 7．答案：bought 解析：考查形容词的比较级。此处意为“他还开始寻找更多(画作)”，应用形容词的比较级。故填more。 8．答案：more 课后课时作业（二） 163 解析：考查冠词。show为可数名词，此处为泛指，应用不定冠词，且show的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 9．答案：a 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Grandma Moses，指人，关系词在从句中作主语。故填who。 10．答案：who 课后课时作业（二） 164 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Ali and his younger sister, Zahra, lived with their parents in a poor neighborhood. Their mother was very sick and their father was struggling to find a job, and they had only a little money with which to buy food. As they had not paid the rent for several months, the landlord was breathing down their necks. 课后课时作业（二） 165 One day, Ali took Zahra's shoes to a shoe repairman to be fixed, but he lost them on the way home. It wasn't until he got home that he realized he had lost the shoes. He was afraid that his parents would be angry and disappointed, so he begged his sister to keep it secret. Zahra agreed and the two decided to share Ali's running shoes. Zahra's school hours were in the morning, so she would wear them first. After school, she would rush back and give them to Ali. He could then run to his school, which began in the afternoon. Although he ran as fast as he could, Ali often arrived late and was warned by the school. 课后课时作业（二） 166 Ali heard about a long distance race that was held for the boys in the city. When he learned that the third prize was a new pair of shoes, he decided to take part. He ran home excitedly and promised his sister that he would win her the new shoes. The day of race arrived. Ali had a strong start, but halfway through the race he began to get tired and his legs began to ache. Getting more and more exhausted he thought only of Zahra and his promise to her. Dreaming of the new shoes he would win for his sister gave him strength, and he stayed right behind the two fastest runners, determined to finish third. Suddenly, as the finish line drew near, another runner collided (碰撞) with Ali from behind and he crashed to the ground. 课后课时作业（二） 167 Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 课后课时作业（二） 168 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。家境贫苦的Ali (阿里)不小心丢失了妹妹Zahra (扎赫拉)的鞋子，从此兄妹俩换着穿鞋去上学。Ali决定参加男子长跑比赛，他想努力取得第三名，因为奖品是一双鞋子。但在比赛过程中被其他人撞倒在了地上。他看着其他人往前跑，他还能取得第三名吗？当Ali满心欢喜地带着赢来的鞋回家后，Zahra有什么反应？ 课后课时作业（二） 169 [精彩范文] Ali looked up and saw the other boys rushing ahead. Refusing to give up at this point, he jumped to his feet and ran as fast as he could. He dashed across the finish line and won the fourth prize. Thinking he would let her sister down, Ali couldn't help sobbing. Just then he suddenly heard the announcement from the broadcast that he won the third prize as the runner who collided with Ali was disqualified for breaking the rule. Holding the shoes close to his chest during the award ceremony, Ali felt overjoyed and relieved as he eventually won the shoes for his sister. 课后课时作业（二） 170 Filled with delight, Ali walked home quickly. He could not wait to see his sister and share the thrilling news. On his arrival, Ali found Zahra was waiting outside. She was really nervous about whether her brother had brought her what she was expecting. “Zahra, see what I have got for you.” He took the prize out of his bag with his trembling hands. The instant Zahra saw the shoes, her face lit up. So thrilled was she that she threw herself at Ali. “Thank you! Ali.” Tears of joy welled up their eyes as the brother and sister hugged tightly together. 课后课时作业（二） 171 R $