Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版）

该高中英语课件围绕“生活选择”主题，涵盖核心词汇、现在完成进行时及不定式语法，通过“回译法”引导学生预习Joe和Li Ying的自我介绍语篇，结合词句自测搭建从词汇到语篇的学习支架，衔接课前预习与课堂探究。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如“回译法”提升英汉表达转换能力，重点合作探究通过词汇归纳、易混词对比（如arise/raise）及语法分层练习（不定式时态语态）发展逻辑思维，多样化课后作业（完形、读后续写）助力学生巩固知识，教师可借助系统模块高效开展教学。

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 1　LIFE CHOICES Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习自检 目录 CONTENTS 1 重点合作探究 2 课堂效果检测（一） 3 课后课时作业（一） 6 课后课时作业（二） 7 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课前预习自检 温馨提示：这里不是单纯地提供查询便利,也不是简单地答疑解惑,而是坚持尝试将英语译成汉语,再将汉语译回英语,仔细揣摩英汉表达的差异,最终提高英语语言的输出能力。从英语译成汉语，再从汉语译回英语——这就是“回译法”。尝试并坚持,终将受益…… 课前预习自检 I'm a ... digital native！ 我是一个……数字原住民！ I'm Joe, a student from London. 我是乔，一名来自伦敦的学生。 You'll often find me sitting in front of my laptop. 你会经常发现我坐在笔记本电脑前。 课前预习自检 •The online world is a big part of my life. I'm a “digital native”—I've been using the computer since I was a kid. 网络世界是我生活的一大部分。我是一个“数字原住民”——从我是孩子的时候，我就一直使用电脑。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①_________ n. 笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 ②_________ adj. 数字的，数码的 ③_________ n. 本地人 ④have/has been doing为________________，表示动作从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在，并且还将继续下去。 laptop digital native 现在完成进行时 课前预习自检 I do a wide range of things online. 我在网上做各种各样的事情。　　 Besides doing all my schoolwork, I chat with my friends, watch films and read the daily news and other interesting articles; I also shop for various things online, such as books, computer hardware and other necessities. 除了做我所有的学校作业，我还和朋友聊天、看电影、阅读每日新闻和其他有趣的文章；我也在网上购买各种各样的东西，比如书、电脑硬件和其他必需品。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑤_________ n. 一系列；范围 ⑥_________ adj. 各种各样的；多种(类型)的 ⑦_________ n. (计算机)硬件 ⑧_________ n. 必需品 range various hardware necessity 课前预习自检 •It's so convenient to be able to compare the quality and prices from different online shops before I buy. 购物前，能够比较不同网络商店的质量和价格，非常方便。 I also play computer games from time to time and I even play tennis on my television screen in my living room！ 我也会偶尔玩电脑游戏，我甚至在客厅里通过我的电视屏幕打网球！ 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑨__________ adj. 方便的，便利的 ⑩________ n. 质量，品质 ⑪_______________ 有时；偶尔；间或 ⑫____________起居室 ⑬It's＋adj.(＋for sb)＋to do sth 意为“做某事(对某人来说)是……”，____为形式主语，_________为真正的主语。 convenient quality from time to time living room it 不定式 课前预习自检 My parents are worried that I may become an “Internet addict”． 我的父母担心我可能成为一个网迷。 They think I'm playing computer games all the time and I chat too much with online friends. 他们认为我一直在玩电脑游戏并且我和网友聊天太多。 According to them, there is a danger that I may not be able to tell whether these friends are real friends. 在他们看来，我可能不能够区分这些朋友是否是真正的朋友，这很危险。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑭_________ n. 对……着迷的人 ⑮______________按……所说，根据 addict according to 课前预习自检 My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead. 相反，我妈妈一直让我和学校的朋友们出去玩。 Maybe she's right. 或许她是对的。 It's important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media. 偶尔与朋友见面很重要，而不仅仅是在社交媒体上。 •Actually, I do know I need to drag myself away from the online world sometimes, especially because real life can be just as interesting. 事实上，我确实知道我有时需要把自己从网络世界里拉出来，特别是因为现实生活也可以同样有趣。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑯__________ 亲自 ⑰_______ n. 新闻媒体，大众传播媒介(总称) ⑱____________ 社交媒体 ⑲_______ adv. 实际上，事实上 ⑳_______ vt. 拖，拉 21 I do know I need to ... 中，do置于谓语动词前，表示______。 in person media social media actually drag 强调 课前预习自检 I'm a ... go－getter！ 我是一个……有进取心的人！ I'm Li Ying. 我是李颖。 I like to set goals for myself. 我喜欢为自己设定目标。 I'm a “go－getter”—when I set out to do something, I do my best to achieve it. 我是一名积极进取的人——当我开始做某件事时，我会尽全力去实现它。 课前预习自检 Senior secondary school is a new start. 高中是一个新的开始。 Studying is definitely a big part of my life. 学习绝对是我生活的一大部分。 I tend to set a goal for every subject at the beginning of each term. 在每学期的开始，我通常会为每个科目设定一个目标。 My aim is to do well in every subject this term. 我的目标是本学期在每个科目上都做好。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①_______ n. 目标，目的 ②_____________ 易于做某事 ③_____ n. 目的，意图； vi. 力求达到 goal tend to do sth aim 课前预习自检 Biology is my favourite subject, and my target is to prepare myself for my degree in biology at university. 生物是我最喜欢的科目，而且我的目标是为自己在大学获得生物专业的学位做好准备。 •I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.,我在所有课上总是专心致志并且积极地思考，这样放学后我可以有更多自由的时间去做其他我感兴趣的事情。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ④_________ n. 目标 ⑤so that I can have more free time ... 为so that 引导______状语从句。 target 目的 课前预习自检 I like reading books of all kinds. 我喜欢读所有类型的书。 I have a top 10 reading list and I try to keep it updated. 我有一个十大阅读书目清单并且我尽量保持更新它。 Meanwhile, I'm an active member of my school's long－distance running team and volunteering club. 同时，我是学校长跑队和志愿者俱乐部的活跃成员。 It always makes me excited to work hard and achieve a team goal together. 一起努力并实现团队目标总是使我兴奋。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑥________ vt. 更新 ⑦__________ adv. 与此同时 ⑧________ n. 距离，间距 ⑨_________ vi.& vt. 自愿；志愿； n. 志愿者) update meanwhile distance volunteer 课前预习自检 To achieve all I want, I must use my time well. 为了实现所有我想要的，我必须好好利用我的时间。 At school, I do my homework when I have spare time. 在学校，有空闲时间时我会做作业。 After school, I try to use any possible time to revise the things I have learnt during the day. 放学后，我尽量利用所有可能的时间来复习一天中学到的内容。 课前预习自检 •For example, it usually takes me 20 minutes to get home by bus. 例如，乘公共汽车回家通常花费我20分钟。 I often use the time to review English words. 我经常利用这段时间来复习英语单词。 As the popular saying goes, “Every minute counts！” 俗话说得好：“分秒必争！” 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑩_________ vi.& vt. 复习 ⑪________ n. 格言，谚语 ⑫本句为“____________________________”句型，意为“做某事花费某人多少时间”。) revise saying It takes sb some time to do sth 课前预习自检 Set a goal and get ahead! 确立目标并取得进步！ 词句自测 ⑬________ adv. 在前面；向前 ⑭__________ 取得进步，获得成功 ahead get ahead 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 challenging adj. 富有挑战性的(教材P6) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Teaching young children is a challenging and rewarding job. 教幼儿是一项既有挑战性又值得做的工作。 ②The present world is full of challenges as well as opportunities. 当今社会充满了机遇与挑战。 ③Schools must meet the challenge of new technology. 学校必须迎接新技术的挑战。 ④Mary challenged me to (play) another tennis game. 玛丽向我挑战再打一场网球比赛。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 Although the game was _____________， he accepted the __________ without hesitation. (challenge) (2)单句表达 ①当你面临挑战的时候，你必须坚信你能克服它，而且永不放弃。 When you ________________________________________， you must believe you can overcome it and never give up. ②他非常自信，总是准备好接受任何挑战。 He is very confident and always ready to _________________________． challenging challenge face a challenge/are faced with a challenge take up/accept any challenge 重点合作探究 2 schedule n. 日程表，计划表(教材P6) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①The project has been finished on schedule. 工程已如期完成。 ②Thanks to your help, we accomplished the task ahead of schedule. 多亏了你帮忙，我们才提前完成了任务。 ③He is scheduled to arrive in Shanghai at ten o'clock. 他预计在10点钟抵达上海。 ④As scheduled, we will hold a video meeting. 我们将如期举行一次视频会议。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The application time is scheduled ________ October. ②Our guests are scheduled ________ (arrive) at 7：30 in the evening. ③I do think you should finish your report ________ schedule. for to arrive on 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①老板说这个项目必须提前完成。 The boss said that the project must be completed ________________． ②展览安排在一月举行，并持续到三月份。 The exhibition ______________________ from January until March. ahead of schedule is scheduled to be held 重点合作探究 3 expectation n. 期待；预料，预期(教材P6) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Some parents have unrealistic expectations of their children. 有些父母对子女抱有不切实际的期望。 ②The beauties of the West Lake in spring were beyond his expectation. 西湖的春景要比他所预想的更加美丽。 ③Her parents expected high standards from her. 她的父母对她的期望很高。 ④You can't expect to learn a foreign language in a few months. 你不能指望在几个月内就能学会一门外语。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①There was a general ___________ (expect) that he would win. ②The result of the experiment was ________ of expectation. ③The talks are expected ____________ (continue) until tomorrow. ④I cannot finish this job by Friday and you expect too much ______ me. expectation out to continue of 重点合作探究 4 all in all 总而言之，总的来说(教材P101) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He has his faults, but, all in all, he is a good helper. 他虽有缺点，但总的来说，他是一个好帮手。 ②It's no use arguing; after all, facts are facts. 争吵无用。毕竟，事实就是事实。 ③We must work hard, and above all, we must have confidence in ourselves. 我们必须努力工作，最重要的是，我们必须相信自己。 ④First of all, let me introduce myself to you. 首先，让我做个自我介绍。 重点合作探究 用all的相关短语填空 ①Don't ask me any more; to be frank, I don't know anything about it _______． ②Children may need many things, but they need love ____________． ③____________， only by living happily every day can you be healthy. ④____________， do your homework and then you can do what you like. at all above all All in all First of all 重点合作探究 5 arise vi. (问题或困难)出现，发生(教材P101) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①When difficulties arise, you can turn to me for help. 当出现困难时，你可以向我求助。 ②We also need to adapt to the changing international landscape and respond to global challenges as they arise. 我们还要适应国际形势变化，应对全球性挑战。 ③The fire arose from the lack of responsibility. 这次火灾是由于缺乏责任心造成的。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：arise/rise/raise 易混词 词性 过去式、过去分词 用法 例句 arise(出现，发生) vi. arose， arisen 多指问题等 “产生、出现”， 常用于抽象事物 Difficulties arose in his work. 他的工作中出现了困难。 rise (升起， 上升) vi. rose， risen ①可用于具体事物的“上升”；②也可用于抽象事物的“增加、上涨” ①The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落。 ②Fashions come and go; reputationsrise and fall.潮流来来去去，名声起起伏伏。 重点合作探究 raise (举起； 提高) vt. raised， raised ①指把具体事物举到高处；②也指把抽象事物提高 ①She raised her head and stared at them.她抬起头盯着他们看。 ②Don't tell her about the job until you know for sure —we don't want to raise her hopes.没确定之前别告诉她工作的事——我们不想让她期望过高。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①He recognised that his failure in the exam arose _______ his lack of confidence. ②The meeting will discuss the matters ________ (arise) out of the recent changes in the law. from arising 重点合作探究 (2)选词填空(arise/rise/raise) ①Don't worry. We are well prepared to deal with all the problems that may ______． ②He had to ________ his voice to make himself heard. ③Many problems ________ when prices of daily goods ________． ④The price of petrol has sharply ________ since last month. arise raise arise rise risen 重点合作探究 6 I'm a “digital native”—I've been using the computer since I was a kid.(教材P8) 我是一名“数码族”，还是个孩子的时候就经常使用电脑。 剖析 have been using是现在完成进行时，表示“一直使用”。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①This Portuguese city, known as the hometown of silk, has been using sericulture and weaving techniques from China for centuries. 这个以丝绸之乡著称的葡萄牙的城市几个世纪以来一直在使用来自中国的养蚕和纺织技术。(强调动作持续到现在) ②As for me, I'm crazy about basketball since it has been giving me strength to face challenges in my life. 至于我，我痴迷于篮球，因为它一直以来给予我力量去面对生活中的挑战。(动作还将继续下去) 重点合作探究 ③You have been telling me not to be late all the way. 一路上你反复告诉我不要迟到。(强调动作持续发生，反复进行) ④She has always been working like that. 她一贯是那样工作的。(表示某种感情色彩) 重点合作探究 名师点津 I have known him for years.(√ ) I have been knowing him for years.(× ) 我认识他已经好几年了。(表示感觉的动词know不能用现在完成进行时) 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①You know, I _________________ (look) for a job for three months, and this is my first formal interview. ②In order to make up for the missing notes, he _______________ (try) his best to spend as much time as possible doing this job these days. have been looking has been trying 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①最近我们彼此经常见面。 We ___________________ quite a lot each other recently. ②最近你在读什么书？ What book ______________________ recently? ③你一直在做白日梦，但从不努力。 You _______________________ but make no efforts. have been seeing have you been reading have been daydreaming 重点合作探究 7 range n. 一系列；范围(教材P8) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①Poverty reduction work covers a wide range of areas and is extremely complex. 减贫工作涉及面广，工作极其复杂。 ②Cars are driven through the mess, splashing everyone within range. 车子从泥泞中开过，把泥点溅到附近每个人身上。 ③The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging from butterflies to elephants. 国家公园有大量的野生动植物，包括从蝴蝶到大象等等。 ④Estimates of the damage range between $1 million and $5 million. 估计损失在100万美元到500万美元之间。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①皮鞋的价格从100美元到250美元不等。 The prices of leather shoes _____________________ dollars. ②这只猫离孩子们远远的。 The cat stayed well ________________ of the children. range from 100 to 250 out of range 重点合作探究 8 various adj. 各种各样的；多种(类型)的(教材P8) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various activities on Earth Day. 不管你喜欢做什么，在地球日都有一种参与各种活动的方式。 ②People change their mind for a variety of reasons. 人们会由于种种原因改变主意。 ③The menu varies with the season. 菜单随季节而变动。 ④Opinions on this matter vary from person to person. 对于这件事的看法因人而异。 重点合作探究 名师点津 (1)a variety of/varieties of “各种各样的”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，后面谓语动词的单复数取决于of后的名词。 (2)the variety of＋复数名词，意为“……的种类/多样性”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①She took the job for ________ (vary) reasons. ②Many graduates seek employment in engineering, education, and a wide ________ (vary) of other professions. ③The tone of my writing tends to vary _____ how happy I am in a given moment. ④A variety of food _____ (be) sold at the supermarket. ⑤The variety of goods in this shop ________ (be) rich. ⑥There ________ (be) a wide variety of patterns to choose from. various variety with is is are 重点合作探究 9 from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或(教材P8) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①She has to work at weekends from time to time. 她偶尔周末还得工作。 ②The train arrives on time. 火车准时到达。 ③I'm just so glad I was there in time to help my son. 我很高兴我能及时赶到那里帮助我的儿子。 ④The computer can easily work out the problem in no time. 计算机可以轻松自如地立刻解答这个问题。 ⑤Pass them to me, two at a time. 把它们递给我，每次两个。 重点合作探究 选词填空(from time to time/at one time/in no time/at no time/at a time) ①The flowers were so lovely that they sold out ___________． ②_____________， it had been a sign of madness to believe that the earth goes round the sun. ③She ran up the stairs two ________． ④Her daughters visited him ___________________ when he was ill. ⑤___________ did I feel rushed or under pressure. in no time At one time at a time from time to time At no time 重点合作探究 10 addict n. 对……着迷的人(教材P8) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①She is a TV addict and watches as much as she can. 她是个电视迷，看起电视来没完没了。 ②A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. 一个短信嗜好者可以被定义为一个沉溺于收发短信的人。 ③That show was so good that I became addicted to watching it. 那个节目很好看以至于我都看上瘾了。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①孩子们对电脑游戏上瘾。 The children ________________ computer games. ②你快变成网虫了，不是吗？ You are turning into __________________， aren't you? are addicted to an Internet addict 重点合作探究 11 tend to do sth 易于做某事(教材P9) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. 同样重要的是，我们倾向于将新鲜空气与卫生保健联系起来。 ②The Dutch have a tendency to do things differently. 荷兰人有一种做事特立独行的倾向。 ③She has a strong natural tendency towards caution. 她天生小心谨慎。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①如果没有有效的制约，我们都有滥用权力的倾向。 Without effective checks, we all have __________________ our power unfairly. ②无论我买什么，我都倾向于查看消费评级。 I ______________________ consumption ratings whatever I purchase. a tendency to use tend to look up/consult 重点合作探究 12 aim n. 目的，意图； vi. 力求达到(教材P9) 归纳拓展 情景助记 重点合作探究 ①The leaflet has been produced with the aim of increasing public awareness of the disease. 该传单的制作目的是提高公众对该疾病的认识。 ②Teamwork is required in order to achieve their aims. 要达到他们的目标需要齐心协力。 ③These English materials are aimed at the pre－school children. 这些英语材料是针对学龄前儿童的。 ④I turned and saw a big man aiming a camera at me. 我转过身来，看见一个大个子男人拿着照相机对着我。 重点合作探究 单句语法填空 ①The Chinese Dream is aimed at __________ (improve) the quality of life for all the people. ②He aimed ________ (be) a successful businessman when he was young. ③Research is being done ________ the aim of monitoring customer trends. ④He aimed ________ the tree but hit the car by mistake. ⑤These measures are aimed ________ preventing violent crime. improving to be with at at 重点合作探究 13 I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so that I can have more free time to do other things that I'm interested in after school.(教材P9) 我总是在所有课上专心听讲积极思考，这样放学后我就有更多可支配的时间做我感兴趣的事。 剖析 so that引导目的状语从句，只能位于主句之后，中间可以有逗号。 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them. 让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。(目的状语从句) ②They started out early, so that they didn't miss the train. 他们早早就出发了，所以没错过火车。(结果状语从句) 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①天气太寒冷，所以河流都结冰了。(so that引导结果状语从句) It was very cold, ________________________． ②我赶早来上课，以便能看到我的同学们。(so that引导目的状语从句) I came to the class early __________________________________． so that the river froze so that I could see my classmates 重点合作探究 14 get ahead 取得进步，获得成功(教材P9) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①If you want to get ahead, you must dare to go for it. 如果你想获得成功，你就该大胆去尝试。 ②Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. 锻炼使你更加清醒，准备好应对一天中将要发生的任何事情。 ③—Can I borrow your dictionary? —Yes, go ahead. ——我可以借用你的词典吗？ ——可以，用吧。 ④The past is past; let us look ahead. 过去的事已成过去，让我们向前看吧。 重点合作探究 单句表达 ①他的英语比我们强。 He is _____________ in English. ②使我吃惊的是，他提前来了。 To my surprise, he came ______________． ③跑步时往前看，别往后看。 When you are running, ____________， don't look back. ④接着说，下面发生了什么？ __________， what happened next? ahead of us ahead of time look ahead Go ahead 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Television and radio needed many more women in ________ (高级的) jobs. 2．Stephen Chase had determined to live up to the _____________ (期待) of the company. 3．He is ___________ (康复) from a knee injury. 4．I intend to give up my present post in order to get a more ____________ (富有挑战性的) opportunity. 5．The two systems ________ (不同) in many respects. senior expectations recovering challenging differ 课堂效果检测（一） 6．If you have c_________， you feel sure about your abilities, qualities, or ideas. 7．Do you work well under p________？ 8．There are lots of people there who can a________ help you. 9．Do you have any p________ experience of this type of work? 10．Students will gain c___________ in a wide range of skills. onfidence ressure ctually revious ompetence 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．I see him at the library from time ________ time. 2．If all goes according ______ plan, the first concert will be on Tuesday evening. 3．When under pressure, we tend ________ (hold) our breath. 4．We helped arrange timely local treatment for all those ________________ (fortunately) infected. 5．________ the saying goes, a man depends upon his parents at home and upon his friends abroad. to to to hold unfortunately As 课堂效果检测（一） 6．The building had ___________ (previous) been used as a hotel. 7．What I want now is two ___________ (volunteer) to come down to the front. 8．Disagreement ________ (arise) about exactly how to plan the show at the meeting yesterday. 9．She went to New York to receive the award ________ person. 10．The notice aims to prevent students from becoming __________ (addict) to the Internet and online games. previously volunteers arose in addicted 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅲ.单句表达 1．我请她进来喝了杯咖啡。 I ________ her ______________ in for a coffee. 2．他做这个工作已经十年了；干这种工作他年纪太大了。 He ________________ this for 10 years; he's too old to do such a job. 3．这些薄薄的小册子介绍了一系列服务和设施。 The slim booklets describe _____________ service and facilities. 4．居里夫妇着手去寻找此种奇怪反应的原因。 The Curies ____________________ the cause of this mysterious reaction. invited to come has been doing a range of set out to find 课堂效果检测（一） 5．人们往往认为这个问题绝不会影响到他们。 People ______________ that the problem will never affect them. 6．现在我们只有三天时间来准备这个周末的生日聚会。 Now we have only three days to ____________ the birthday party this weekend. 7．没人愿意一直做自己不喜欢的事情。 No one would like to ____________________ he or she doesn't like. 8．医生认为每天喝足够的水很重要。 Doctors think it is __________________ enough water every day. tend to think prepare for keep doing anything important to drink 课堂效果检测（一） 9．说出真相需要很大勇气。 It will take a lot of courage ____________ the truth. 10．我正在攒钱，为的是能买一所房子。 I am saving money ___________________ I can buy a house. to tell so that/in order that 课堂效果检测（一） 课时语法精讲——不定式 课时语法精讲 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．Experts hope ________ (learn) more about the movement of sandstorm. 2．Can you teach me ________ (use) this app? 3．I'm proud _____________ (win) the poetry competition last week. 4．When a sandstorm arrives in the city, weather experts advise people not ________ (go) out. 5．It is difficult ___________ (breathe) and the dust makes me ill. to learn to use to have won to go to breathe 课时语法精讲 6．___________ (prevent) it coming nearer, the government is planting trees. 7．She pretended ______________ (read) a book when the teacher walked in. 8．The young men are made __________ (work) all the night. To prevent to be reading to work 课时语法精讲 语法讲座 一、不定式的时态和语态 　　　语态 时态　　　 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing — 完成时 to have done to have been done 课时语法精讲 1.不定式的一般时：表示不定式的动作与谓语动词(几乎)同时发生或在谓语动词之后发生。 I hope to see you next week. 我希望下周能见到你。 I'd like to be told what's going on. 我希望被告知正在发生什么。 2．不定式的进行时：表示不定式的动作正在进行且与谓语动词同时发生。 I happened to be watching TV when she called. 她打来电话时，我恰巧正在看电视。 课时语法精讲 3．不定式的完成时：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前。 They seem to have cleaned the house. 他们似乎已经打扫过这个房子了。 The factory is reported to have been burnt down. 据报道这家工厂已经被烧毁了。 课时语法精讲 单句语法填空 ①He pretended ______________ (fall) asleep when little Tom came to him. ②The student seems ______________ (catch) a cold because of the bad weather. ③He seems _______________ (think) about the question right now. ④The question _______________ (discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution. to have fallen to have caught to be thinking to be discussed 课时语法精讲 二、不定式的语法功能 1．作主语 To master a foreign language is necessary. ＝It is necessary to master a foreign language. 掌握一门外语很有必要。 2．作表语 (1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 (2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。 课时语法精讲 (3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词，或是what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语对主语起补充说明作用。 My job is to drive them to the company every day. 我的工作就是每天开车送他们去公司。 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 The duty of sanitation workers is to keep the streets clean. 环卫工人的职责就是保持街道整洁。 课时语法精讲 3．作宾语 She promised to give him a chance. 她答应给他一次机会。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 用不定式作宾语的动词： 三个希望两答应：hope, wish, want, agree, promise 两个要求莫拒绝：demand, ask, refuse 设法学会做决定：manage, learn, decide 不要假装在选择：pretend, choose 打算提出两计划：intend, offer, plan, mean 申请失败负担起：apply, fail, afford 准备期望又碰巧：prepare, desire, happen 课时语法精讲 4．作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语，常用于下列动词后：ask, cause, encourage, help, force, allow, permit, advise, order, get, want, wish, tell等。 The teacher advised us to have a rest first. 老师建议我们先休息。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 (1)在“五看(see, watch, observe, notice, look at)三使(make, let, have)两听(hear, listen to)一感(feel)”等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但当以上动词用于被动语态时，需要明确动作的执行者，所以需要带to。 (2)help后跟不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式可带to也可不带to，即 help sb (to) do sth。 课时语法精讲 The boss made his men work all the time. ＝The men were made to work all the time by the boss. 老板让他的工人一直工作。 A cat's mom also brings home things to her children to help them (to) practise hunting. 猫妈妈还会给孩子带一些东西回家，来帮助它们练习捕猎。 课时语法精讲 5．作定语 (1)不定式作定语，置于被修饰词之后，常表示未发生的动作。 The car to be bought is for his sister. 要买的这辆车是给他姐姐的。 (2)作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面需有相应的介词。 The Greens have a comfortable house to live in. 格林一家有一幢舒适的房子可以居住。 课时语法精讲 (3)用来修饰序数词、最高级或no, all, any等限定的中心词，且与中心词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。 She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games. 她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。 6．作状语 (1)不定式作状语表示目的、原因和结果。表原因、结果时一般不置于句首。 She reads China Daily every day to improve her English. 为了提高英语，她每天读《中国日报》。 I'm glad to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 课时语法精讲 (2)不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果，常在不定式前面加上only。 I hurried to the station, only to find the train had left. 我匆匆赶到车站，结果发现火车已经开走了。 (3)“形容词/副词＋enough＋不定式”结构中，不定式也表示结果。 The boy is old enough to go to school. 那个小男孩足够大，可以上学了。 课时语法精讲 观察句子，写出黑体部分在句中所作成分 ①The manager is the last to come to the meeting.( 　) ②I had hoped to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but I didn't manage it.(　 　) ③To make it easier to get in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.(　　 ) ④It's not easy to work out the problem.(　 　) ⑤Danny's homework is to write a poem.( 　　) ⑥His family want him to recover.(　 　) 定语 宾语 状语 主语 表语 宾语补足语 课时语法精讲 三、不定式的复合结构 不定式的逻辑主语往往是泛指的，或根据上下文来表明。但在某些情况下，不定式的逻辑主语需要明确表示，这时可用介词for或of引出逻辑主语，构成for sb to do和of sb to do结构，这就是不定式的复合结构。 1．It is＋adj.＋of sb＋to do sth (adj.用来说明主语的特征) 2．It is＋adj.＋for sb＋to do sth (adj.用来说明句中动词的特征) ①It is foolish of you to say such words. 你说出这种话来很愚蠢。 ②It's easy for you to learn English well. 对于你来说学好英语很容易。 其中，①可转化为：You're foolish to say such words.但②却不能这样转化。 课时语法精讲 选词填空(for/of) ①It's necessary ________ us to be polite in class. ②It is careless ________ you to make lots of mistakes. ③It is wrong ________ the other children to make fun of you. ④It is very hard ________ him to study two languages. for of of for 课时语法精讲 四、“疑问词＋不定式”结构 疑问词who, what, which, when, where和how后加不定式可构成一种特殊的不定式短语。在句中可用作主语、表语或宾语。 When to start has not been decided. 何时动身尚未决定。(主语) The difficulty was how to cross the river. 困难在于如何过河。(表语) I can tell you where to get this book. 我可以告诉你哪里可以买到此书。(宾语) 课时语法精讲 名师点津 “疑问词＋不定式”结构不适用于why，而why可用于句型Why not do sth？，意为“为什么不做某事呢？”，表示建议。 Why not turn to him for help? 为什么不向他求助呢？ 课时语法精讲 单句表达 ①我知道到哪里能找到这个男孩。 I know ________________ the boy. ②首先我们必须解决为谁服务的问题。 We must first solve the problem of ______________________． ③他是一位研究如何减少垃圾的环境科学家。 He's an environmental scientist who studies __________________ litter. ④你一脸倦容，为什么不休假呢？ You look tired; ________________________？ where to find whom to serve how to reduce why not take a holiday 课时语法精讲 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The new network will enable data _______________ (process) more speedily. 2．Sixteen years earlier, Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring ___________ (cook) a meal. 3．They knew her very well; they had seen her ___________ (grow) up from childhood. 4．It's important for the figures _______________ (update) regularly. 5．Many parents don't take their kids' interest and ages into consideration, only ________ (find) “More haste, less speed”． to be processed to cook grow to be updated to find 课堂效果检测（二） 6．We need someone ________ (help) with the work. 7．My wish is ________ (go) to space. 8．I would appreciate it if you could give me some advice on how ________ (make) it perfect. 9．________ (create) the impressive artworks, the locals use a unique technique. 10．They are always the first _________ (bear) hardships, the last _________ (enjoy) comforts. to help to go to make To create to bear to enjoy 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅱ.单句表达 1．她对参加了比赛感到很自豪。 She is proud _____________________ the competition. 2．有时候我身体太虚弱了而不能上学，因此我的功课变差了。 Sometimes, I was ________ weak ________________， so my education suffered. 3．我正在找一间屋子住。 I am looking for a room ________________． to have taken part in too to go to school to live in 课堂效果检测（二） 4．要成为一名合格的医生很难。 ________________________ a qualified doctor. 5．我还没有决定写什么。 I haven't decided ______________________． It is difficult/hard to be what to write (about) 课堂效果检测（二） 课后课时作业（一） Ⅰ　完形填空 The Adams family home has been taken over by origami (折纸) in all sizes and shapes. No one seems to __1__ though. Those paper creations are __2__ clean water projects around the world and saving lives. A messy home is a small price to pay __3__． In 2011, Isabelle Adams and her sister Katherine learned that every five seconds a child died from __4__ of clean water and that girls of their age couldn't go to school __5__ they were fetching water all day for their families. They __6__ to do something. 课后课时作业（一） 116 “So we took something that we loved doing—folding origami, with the __7__ goal to help fund a well in Ethiopia，” explains Katherine. __8__， they ended up selling out and raising far more than that to fully __9__ the cost of the well. Katherine, now 13, adds, “It just snowballed, __10__ the founding of the project Paper for Water.” In eight years, this project has __11__ more than 2 million for over 200 water projects in 20 different countries. 课后课时作业（一） 117 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Isabelle Adams (伊莎贝尔·亚当斯)和她的妹妹Katherine (凯瑟琳)通过折纸的行为来为挖水井募集资金，并带动家人一起行动，从而帮助世界上因水资源缺乏而遭受苦难的孩子们。 Now, the rest of the Adams family are also __12__. But at the heart of it, beneath countless paper decorations sit two bold sisters hoping to __13__ other girls and boys. “Kids have an incredible ability to make a real __14__ to the world if they're just given the chance，” Isabelle says, “and if people __15__ them in their efforts.” 课后课时作业（一） 118 1．A.mind B．notice C．appreciate D．remember 解析：mind 介意；notice 注意到；appreciate 感激；remember 记住。根据后文Adams一家帮助缺水儿童的行为可知，他们对于在家折纸这件事并不介意。故选A。 2．A.decorating B．rewarding C．attracting D．funding 解析： decorate 装饰；reward 奖励；attract 吸引；fund 资助，出资。根据后文“with the __7__ goal to help fund a well in Ethiopia”可知，这些纸制品正在资助世界各地的清洁水项目并拯救生命。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 119 3．A.in exchange B．in turn C．in return D．in response 4．A.pollution B．loss C．lack D．waste 解析：in exchange 作为交换；in turn 依次；in return 作为报答；in response 作为回答。因折纸而凌乱的家换来的是这些折纸资助世界各地的清洁水项目并拯救生命。故选A。 解析：pollution 污染；loss 损失；lack 缺乏；waste 浪费。根据后文“they were fetching water all day for their families”可知，此处指缺乏清洁水。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 120 5．A.although B．because C．unless D．while 解析：句意：2011年，Isabelle Adams和她的妹妹Katherine得知，每五秒钟就有一名儿童死于缺乏清洁水，同龄的女孩无法上学，因为她们整天要为家人取水。although 尽管；because 因为；unless 除非；while 当……时候。根据句意可知，此处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 121 6．A.hesitated B．decided C．happened D．demanded 解析： hesitate 犹豫；decide 决定；happen 发生；demand 要求。根据后文可知，她们了解了缺水儿童的情况后，决定用折纸来帮助他们。故选B。 7．A.lifelong B．individual C．original D．critical 解析：lifelong 终身的；individual 个人的；original 最初的，原来的；critical 批评的。根据前文可知，姐妹二人了解到缺水儿童的情况后，最初的目标就是为了资助一口水井。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 122 8．A.Obviously B．Unexpectedly C．Suddenly D．Gradually 解析：obviously 明显地；unexpectedly 出乎意料地；suddenly 突然；gradually 逐渐地。根据后文“they ended up selling out ... the cost of the well”可知，出乎意料的是，她们最终卖光了折纸，筹集的资金足以支付水井的费用。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 123 9．A.spend B．fill C．offer D．cover 10．A.trying out B．depending on C．contributing to D．appealing to 解析：spend 花费；fill 装满；offer 提供；cover 足够支付。根据前文“raising far more than that to fully”可知，筹集到的资金足以支付水井的费用。故选D。 解析：try out 尝试；depend on 取决于；contribute to 促成；appeal to 吸引。根据后文“the founding of the project Paper for Water”可知，Katherine和她姐姐的行为促成了Paper for Water项目的建立。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 124 11．A.saved B．borrowed C．earned D．collected 12．A.involved B．praised C．recognized D．employed 解析： save 拯救；borrow 借来；earn 挣得；collect 筹集。根据后文“more than 2 million ... in 20 different countries”可知，此处是指为20个不同国家的200多个水利项目筹集了200多万资金。故选D。 解析： involve 参与，涉及；praise 称赞；recognize 辨认；employ 雇用。根据前文“the rest of the Adams family are also”可知，Adams家的其他成员也参与其中。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 125 13．A.satisfy B．inspire C．inform D．comfort 14．A.judgment B．sense C．difference D．connection 解析： satisfy 使满足；inspire 激励，鼓舞；inform 通知；comfort 安慰。根据后文“Kids have an incredible ability to make a real”可知，两姐妹希望用自己的行为来激励其他人。故选B。 解析：句意：Isabelle说：“孩子们有一种不可思议的能力，只要他们有机会，只要人们支持他们的努力，他们就能真正影响世界。” judgment 判断；sense 感觉；difference 差异；connection 连接。make a difference “有影响，起作用”。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 126 15．A.support B．persuade C．welcome D．award 解析：support 支持；persuade 说服；welcome 欢迎；award 奖励。根据前文“if they're just given the chance”可知，只要孩子们被给予机会并且被人们所支持，他们就能影响世界。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 127 Ⅱ　阅读 A It's school time again! You're probably feeling excited and maybe a little sad that summer is over. Some kids feel nervous or a little scared (害怕) on the first day of school because of all the new things: new teachers, new friends, and even a new school. Luckily, these “new” worries only stick around for a little while. Let's find out more about going to a new school. 课后课时作业（一） 128 Most teachers kick__off the new school year by introducing themselves and talking about all the stuff you'll be doing that year. Some teachers give students a chance to tell something about themselves to the rest of the class, too. When teachers do the talking on the first day, they often go over classroom rules and school rules so you'll know what's allowed and what's not. Please pay close attention. You might already know a lot of people in your classes on the first day, but it's a great day to make a new friend, so try to say hello to kids you know and new ones that you don't. Make the first move and you'll be glad you did, and so will your new friend! 课后课时作业（一） 129 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学生在新学期的第一天可能遇见的事情以及他们对新学期的准备。 Seeing friends you haven't seen for some time can make the first day a good one. You can make the day feel special by wearing clothes that you really like. Maybe you got a great T­shirt on one of your vacations, or a pair of sneakers (运动鞋). It also can make you feel good to be prepared and have all the things you need, such as pencils, folders, and whatever else you'll be needing. But make sure that you pack them the night before in case you don't have time in the morning. 课后课时作业（一） 130 1．What does the underlined phrase “kick off” in the second paragraph probably mean? A．Start. B．Study. C．Find. D．Teach. 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句中的“by introducing themselves ... that year”可推知，画线短语所在句是指老师通过自我介绍和谈论一年里要做的所有事情来开始新的学年。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 131 2．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us about? A．What to know about a new school. B．How to prepare for a new school. C．What to do on your first day of school. D．How to spend your first day of school. 解析：段落大意题。文章最后一段从服装、文具等方面介绍了为进入新学校而做的准备。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 132 3．According to the passage, you usually do everything on the first day of school except ________． A．introduce yourself B．learn about the school rules C．make new friends D．go over your new lessons 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“tell something about themselves”和“go over classroom rules and school rules”以及第三段中的“make a new friend”可知，开学第一天学生要做自我介绍、了解校规班规、结交新朋友。文章没有提及D项。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 133 4．If you happen to see an old friend on the first day of school, we know that you will feel ________ from the passage. A．nervous B．lucky C．happy D．excited 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Seeing friends you haven't seen ... a good one.”可推知，如果开学第一天你碰巧见到一个老朋友，这一天你会很开心。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 134 B From: terrie @ wombat. com.au TO: (happylizijun) @ yahoo.com.cn Subject: My school Hi, Li Zijun， Thanks very much for your email. I really enjoyed reading it. I think we have a lot in common. I wonder if our school life is similar too. I go to a big high school in Sydney called Maylands High School. There are about 1，000 students and 80 or so teachers. My class has 25 students in it, which is normal for a Year 11 class. In the junior school there are about 30 students in a class. 课后课时作业（一） 135 In the senior high school we have lots of subjects to choose from, like maths, physics, chemistry, biology, history, German, law, geography, software design, graphic arts and media studies. (Different schools sometime have different optional subjects.) English is a must for everyone and we have to do at least three other subjects in Year 11 and 12. At the end of Year 12 we sit__for a public exam called the High School Certificate. As well as school subjects, most of us do other activities at school such as playing a sport, singing in the choir or playing in the school band. We can also belong to clubs, such as the drama club, the chess club and the debating society. 课后课时作业（一） 136 We have a lot of homework to do in senior school to prepare for our exam, so unless I have basketball practice, I usually go straight home and start studying. I arrive home at about 4 pm, make myself a snack and work till 6 pm. Then I help the family to make dinner and we all eat together. I'm usually back in my room studying by 8 pm. I stop at about 10 o'clock and watch TV or read a book for half an hour to relax. On Saturdays, I usually go out with my family or with friends and I sleep in till late on Sunday morning. Then it's back to the books on Sunday afternoon. 课后课时作业（一） 137 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。中学生Terrie (苔莉)在给李子君的一封回信中介绍了澳大利亚高中学校的情况。 How about you? What's your school life like? Do you have a lot of homework? What do you do to relax when you're not studying? I'm looking forward to finding out. Your Australian friend, Terrie 课后课时作业（一） 138 5．How many subjects do the students have to do at least in Year 11 and 12? A．11. B．3. C．4. D．6. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“English is a must for everyone ... in Year 11 and 12.”可知，在11年级和12年级，学生至少要学4门课程。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 139 6．What does the underlined phrase “sit for” in Para. 3 mean? A．Pass. B．Take. C．Go for. D．Hold. 解析：词义猜测题。该句句意为：12年级结束时，我们会参加一场名为高中学业水平的公开考试。sit for意为“参加，应考”，与take同义。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 140 7．On Sunday afternoon, Terrie usually ________． A．reads books B．plays in the school band C．plays basketball D．helps her family to prepare dinner 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Then it's back to the books on Sunday afternoon.”可知，Terrie通常在周日下午读书。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 141 C If someone were to ask me what it is like to be a student now, I would probably answer them like this: being a student in today's society is not always easy. Adults often tell us that we don't know what stress is. But we have our own levels of stress. Many students in their high school years start their first job, so now they have school in the mornings, followed by responsibilities at home and work. By the time they are done there, they are too tired to finish their school work, but they stay up late to finish and return to school feeling sleepy the next day. What good is that? 课后课时作业（一） 142 Let's not forget about peer (同龄人) pressure. All high school students meet with it at some point in their lives. High school can be a place where students are made fun of, singled out and pointed at. My point is: it is a whole lot more stressful to be a student in high school than adults believe. Our stress may not include paying bills, but I'm sure if the adults in our lives could go back to school today, they would be surprised at how much it has changed. 课后课时作业（一） 143 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为高中生的压力比成年人认为的要大得多，但是学生要珍惜校园时光，为走向社会做好准备。 I admit that there aren't good moments and memories while we are students. My mum always tells me to enjoy it while I can. I know that the world outside of school is often hard and that the responsibilities are serious. That's exactly why I know that the focus I give to my future is important in leading me to a career that will allow me to contribute (贡献) to society. 课后课时作业（一） 144 8．What is the author's attitude to high school students' working part－time? A．He is against it. B．He feels proud of it. C．He considers it worth a try. D．He thinks it does them good. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By the time they ... What good is that？(当他们完成工作的时候，他们已经累得无法完成作业，但他们熬夜去完成，第二天回到学校感觉很困。这有什么好处？)”可推知，作者反对课后做兼职。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 145 9．What does the author think of today's adults? A．They are proud of high school students. B．They expect too much of high school students. C．They are more stressed than high school students. D．They don't fully understand high school students. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“My point is ... than adults believe.(我的观点是：高中生的压力比成年人认为的要大得多。)”可推知，作者认为如今的成年人并不能完全理解现在的高中生。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 146 10．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Stress. B．Schoolwork. C．Part－time job. D．School life. 解析：指代判断题。 根据最后一段中的“I admit that ... while we are students.(我承认，当我们是学生时，没有美好的时刻和回忆。)”可知，作者认为当时的校园生活并不美好。而妈妈却让作者享受“它”，由此可推知，it 指的是学校生活。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 147 11．What is the text mainly about? A．The roles of the youth in today's society. B．The stressful life of high school students. C．The way to deal with stress of school life. D．The differences between parents and high school students. 解析：主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了高中生面临的压力。B项(高中生紧张的生活。)能够概括全文。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 148 D When I was a high school student, mathematics looked like a big barrier for me and several of my classmates. Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher, was also our class teacher. He always stuck to his discipline. We had to arrive on time, pay undivided attention to his lectures, and dared not to ignore any of his homework. Even so, as our class teacher, we got to know him better. Noticing some of us couldn't sit still and seemed restless one day as the mid­term exams approached, he stopped solving a mathematical problem to ask us why. “There's too much to do，” we sighed. “We're afraid we'll never manage to finish our revision before the exam.” “Nothing is impossible，” Mr Iyer told us. “This classroom is on the second floor. Do you have a problem reaching here？” We reacted with blank stares. 课后课时作业（一） 149 “No, you don't！” he said, answering his own question. “You have a stair to help you climb up to this level. No one expects you to make it in two giant leaps. You simply take one step at a time. Any task can be solved if you focus on the immediate action to be taken. The rest will take care of itself if you keep at it. One step at a time. That's the secret.” Then he wrote down an old motto on the blackboard—the longest journey starts with a single step. Having heard his stair analogy (比拟), we understood why he asked us the question and we saw him in a new light. 课后课时作业（一） 150 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中时候的班主任 Iyer (伊耶)先生给学生们提供了宝贵的建议：要专注于行动，这样才可以解决问题。 Most of my classmates scored distinctions (成绩优异) in maths. And I went on to become an English teacher. To this day, whenever I pass on Mr Iyer's invaluable advice to my own students, they brighten up at the prospect of a lighter academic burden. 课后课时作业（一） 151 12．What is the main idea of the first paragraph? A．The way Mr Iyer taught his students maths. B．The reason why maths was hard for the author. C．The students' points of view on Mr Iyer's character. D．The brief introduction of the author's maths teacher, Mr Iyer. 解析：段落大意题。根据第一段中的“Mr Iyer, a strict maths teacher ... of his homework.(Iyer先生是一位严格的数学老师，也是我们的班主任。他总是坚持他的纪律。我们必须准时到达，专心听课，不敢忽视他的任何作业。)”可知，本段简要介绍了作者的数学老师Iyer。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 152 13．Why did Mr Iyer stop solving a mathematical problem in class? A．Mr Iyer was a little tired and wanted to have a rest. B．Some students made trouble and affected the class. C．The mathematical problem was rather puzzling. D．Some students seemed impatient and upset. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Noticing some of us ... to ask us why.(有一天，当期中考试临近时，他注意到我们中的一些人坐不住了，似乎坐立不安，于是他停止解数学题，问我们为什么。)”可知， Iyer先生看到学生坐立不安，所以停止了教学。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 153 14．What is the secret of reaching one's goal according to Mr Iyer? A．There is only one step between success and failure. B．Take action quickly and make progress little by little. C．It is important to make use of a good opportunity. D．Don't hesitate to ask for help when meeting with barriers. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“You simply take one ... to be taken.(你只需一步一个脚印。如果你专注于立即采取的行动，任何任务都可以解决。)”可知， Iyer先生认为达到目标的秘诀是立即行动，并一步步努力去接近目标。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 154 15．How does the author like Mr Iyer's advice? A．Strange and impractical. B．Incorrect and misleading. C．Meaningful and valuable. D．Simple and uninteresting. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“To this day, whenever I pass on ... lighter academic burden.(时至今日，每当我向自己的学生传授 Iyer先生的宝贵建议时，他们一想到学业负担会减轻，就会感到高兴。)”可推知，作者认为 Iyer先生的建议是有意义的且非常宝贵。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 155 课后课时作业（二） Ⅰ　阅读 At thirteen, I was diagnosed with a kind of attention disorder. It made school difficult for me. When everyone else in the class was focusing on tasks, I could not. In my first literature class, Mrs Smith asked us to read a story and then write about it, all within 45 minutes. I raised my hand right away and said, “Mrs Smith, you see, the doctor said I have attention problems. I might not be able to do it.” She glanced down at me through her glasses, “You are not different from your classmates, young man.” 课后课时作业（二） 157 I tried, but I didn't finish the reading when the bell rang. I had to take it home. In the quietness of my bedroom, the story suddenly all became clear to me. It was about a blind person, Louis Braille. He lived in a time when the blind couldn't get much education. But Louis didn't give up. Instead, he invented a reading system of raised dots, which opened up a whole new world of knowledge to the blind. 课后课时作业（二） 158 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者患有注意力障碍症，无法在规定时间内完成老师布置的作业。在读到Louis Braille (路易斯·布莱叶)的故事后深受鼓舞，最后作者通过自己的努力完成了任务，受到了老师的表扬。 Wasn't I the “blind” one in my class, being made to learn like the “sighted” students? My thoughts flowed and my pen started to dance. I completed the task within 40 minutes. Indeed, I was not different from others; I just needed a quieter place. Now that Louis could find his way out of his problems, why should I ever give up? I didn't expect anything when I handed in my paper to Mrs Smith, so it was quite a surprise when it came back to me the next day—with an “A” on it. At the bottom of the paper were these words: “See what you can do when you keep trying.” 课后课时作业（二） 159 1．Why did the author fail to finish class reading? A．He had poor reading skills. B．He was tired of literature. C．He had an attention disorder. D．He wanted to take the task home. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，作者患有注意力障碍症，所以他无法在课堂上集中注意力完成老师布置的阅读任务。故选C。 课后课时作业（二） 160 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Instead, he invented a reading system ... to the blind.”可知，Louis Braille为盲人发明出一种凸点阅读系统，由此可推知，他是有创造力的。故选B。 2．What do we know about Louis Braille from the text? A．He was poor. B．He was very creative. C．He was near­sighted. D．He was well­educated. 课后课时作业（二） 161 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“See what you can do when you keep trying.(当你不断尝试的时候，看看你能做什么。)”可推知，Smith (史密斯)老师对作者的态度是支持的。故选C。 3．What was Mrs Smith's attitude to the author at the end of the story? A．Angry. B．Impatient. C．Supportive. D．Negative. 课后课时作业（二） 162 4．What does the text mainly want to tell us? A．The blind should be treated with respect. B．Teachers can open up a new world to students. C．Everyone needs a hand when faced with challenges. D．One can find his way out of difficulties with efforts. 解析：主旨大意题。本文讲述了作者患有注意力障碍症，无法在规定时间内完成老师布置的作业。在读到Louis Braille的故事后深受鼓舞，最后作者通过自己的努力完成了任务，受到了老师的表扬。由此可知，作者主要是想告诉我们，可以通过努力找到摆脱困境的方法。故选D。 课后课时作业（二） 163 Ⅱ　七选五 Many students have to live with roommates while going to school or university. Having a roommate can be one of the best experiences, or easily one of the worst. __1__ Follow these five tips to avoid the common mistakes that make good roommate relationships worse. Talk things out. __2__ If something happens, sit down with your roommates and have a face­to­face conversation. Complaining about your roommates behind their backs creates nothing but awkward situations and general unhappiness. 课后课时作业（二） 164 __3__ Some roommates become the best of friends, and some don't. Don't put pressure on yourself or your roommate to reach this level, especially when you first meet. Remember, you are trying to make a new friend, not scare your roommate away. And if your roommate doesn't end up being your best friend, there is no need to worry about it. Clean up after yourself. Or at least, keep your mess on your side. __4__ But being considerate with where you put your own stuff will help you avoid the arguments. Ask before you take. This applies to food, clothes, supplies and anything else that you don't own. __5__ Even if you both agree to share everything you should still ask. 课后课时作业（二） 165 A．Don't expect to be best friends. B．Communication is of vital importance. C．You don't need to keep the room clean and organized all the time. D．Rooms can be really easy for a mess to pile up. E．If you want to have a good relationship with your roommates, it all starts with you. F．Not all roommates can become your best friends. G．Show your roommate that you have respect for his or her belongings. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条与室友保持融洽关系的建议。 课后课时作业（二） 166 解析：设空处上文提到拥有室友可以是最棒的经历之一，但也可能轻易变成最糟糕的经历之一；设空处下文提到与自己的室友相处得好的一些建议，E项(如果你想要与你的室友有一个良好的关系，这一切都要从你开始。)承上启下，符合语境。故选E。 1．答案：E 解析：根据该段主旨句“Talk things out.”可知，当出现问题的时候要开诚布公地沟通，B项(沟通至关重要。)符合本段主旨。故选B。 2．答案：B 课后课时作业（二） 167 解析：设空处为本段主旨句。根据设空处下文可知，有些室友成了好朋友，但是有些却成不了好朋友，A项(不要期望成为最好的朋友。)概括本段主旨。故选A。 3．答案：A 解析：根据设空处下文“But being considerate with ... avoid the arguments.”可知，C项(你不需要一直保持房间干净整洁。)与下文在语境和逻辑上均一致。故选C。 4．答案：C 课后课时作业（二） 168 解析：根据该段主旨句“Ask before you take.”可知，本段主要建议使用他人物品前要先征询，G项(向室友表明你尊重他/她的物品。)符合本段主旨，说明事先征询这样做的作用。故选G。 5．答案：G 课后课时作业（二） 169 Ⅲ　语法填空 Many of my friends like fall and take it as their favoriteseason. Last weekend, I went outdoors and soon __1__ (find) a deeper appreciation for this season. The change of leaf colors is a common reason given __2__ the love of fall. Each tree reacts __3__ (different) to the change of the season. Some shed their leaves in hopes of reproducing; however, other __4__ (tree) remain green for as long as possible to gain additional energy from the sun to survive the winter. This effect __5__ (call) the flight­or­fight response. 课后课时作业（二） 170 Fall is a time of __6__ (reflect) and preparation for the year ahead. I have found a meaning of fall for me. I'm __7__ 18­year­old boy in the final year of high school and my life is a work in progress. There are times I want to give up, but then I look around me and realize life keeps __8__ (move). The natural cycle of life is beautiful and doesn't stop growing so I have to learn to keep up. The meaning of fall is different for each person. I encourage you __9__ (go) out to follow some path or sidewalk and discover __10__ fall means to you. 课后课时作业（二） 171 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了人们喜欢秋天这个季节及其原因。 课后课时作业（二） 172 解析：考查动词的时态。根据时间状语Last weekend可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填found。 1．答案：found 解析：考查介词。the reason for意为“……的原因”，为固定短语。故填for。 2．答案：for 课后课时作业（二） 173 解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词修饰动词reacts，作状语。故填differently。 3．答案：differently 解析：考查名词。tree为可数名词，根据设空前的other可知，此处应用复数。故填trees。 4．答案：trees 课后课时作业（二） 174 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。动词call与主语This effect之间是被动关系，且本句描述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。主语This effect为单数，be动词应用is。故填is called。 5．答案：is called 解析：考查词性转换。根据设空前的介词of 以及and 后的名词preparation可知，设空处应用名词。故填reflection。 6．答案：reflection 课后课时作业（二） 175 解析：考查冠词。根据设空后的18－year－old boy可知，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且18－year－old的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 7．答案：an 解析：考查非谓语动词。keep doing sth意为“一直做某事；继续做某事”。故填moving。 8．答案：moving 课后课时作业（二） 176 解析：考查非谓语动词。encourage sb to do sth为固定用法，意为“鼓励某人做某事”。故填to go。 9．答案：to go 解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。设空处引导宾语从句并在从句中充当宾语，意为“什么”。故填what。 10．答案：what 课后课时作业（二） 177 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 A Simple Thank I have been in the teaching profession more than thirty years, and one of the best teachers I have ever known was Mr Rowe. I was lucky enough to co­teach fourth grade with him. 课后课时作业（二） 178 Mr Rowe had infinite patience and understanding and I learned so much from watching him. He could perform miracles, like the one he performed with Steven, one of the unhappiest kids I ever saw. Steven couldn't stand school. He didn't like being picked last for kickball. He didn't like the kids who raised their hands and knew all the answers, and most importantly, he didn't like himself. The first day he walked into Mr Rowe's classroom, he ignored the other students, looking angry and annoyed, and slid into his chair, knocking a couple of textbook onto the floor. 课后课时作业（二） 179 Mr Rowe walked over to him and touched Steven's shoulder, but Steven pulled away. Nevertheless, Mr Rowe welcomed him, “Hi, Steven. I'm happy you are in my class. We are gonna have a great year.” Steven looked around the room as if Mr Rowe must be mistaken. No teacher in his right mind would want Steven to be part of his classroom. So, while Mr Rowe seemed cheerful and relaxed that day of school, it seemed like Steven was angry and confused. 课后课时作业（二） 180 That day after classes, Mr Rowe chose Steven to pitch the kickball at recess. “Hey, Steven，” Mr Rowe commented, “You are good at pitching. Let me show you my secret trick.” Mr Rowe taught Steven one of the tricks that not a single kid could perform. Steven learned fast and did quite well! Everyone cheered for him! After the kickball, Steven sat as closer to Mr Rowe in classes as he could. When a question was asked, Steven lit up; he knew the answer! He raised his hands. When he answered the question, his voice shook. However, he got the answer right! He said, with Mr Rowe, his days of the fourth grade promised wonderful. 课后课时作业（二） 181 That is not to say that every day went smoothly, but it was evident that Steven grew to love Mr Rowe more and more with each passing day. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 课后课时作业（二） 182 Time passed quickly that year, and before we all knew it, it was the last day of school. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ Many years later, Mr Rowe and I were surprised when a handsome young man walked into our classroom, dressed in the Marine Corps (海军) uniform. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 课后课时作业（二） 183 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者执教三十多年，他认为他认识的最出色的一位老师是Rowe(罗维)老师，他用无限的耐心和理解奇迹般地教化了一个很不开心的孩子Steven (史蒂文)。到了在校的最后一天，Steven会如何和Rowe老师告别？多年后，一个穿着海军制服的帅气小伙走进了教室，他会是谁呢？ 课后课时作业（二） 184 [精彩范文] Time passed quickly that year, and before we all knew it, it was the last day of school. Our school had a very special tradition on the last day. All the teachers filled the sidewalk, waving goodbye to the kids as the buses pulled out with their horns honking. But on that particular day, Steven walked slowly to the bus, his head down, tears in his eyes. He boarded the bus reluctantly, hesitated, and then ran back off the bus to hug Mr Rowe. “I don't want to leave you，” He sobbed. With red­rimmed eyes, Mr Rowe comforted him, “I will miss you, too.” 课后课时作业（二） 185 Many years later, Mr Rowe and I were surprised when a handsome young man walked into our classroom, dressed in the Marine Corps (海军) uniform. The young man stood tall and proud. It was Steven! Mr Rowe and I couldn't believe our eyes. He saluted and hugged Mr Rowe tightly! “I have come back to school today just to say thanks to you！” It is my hope that every teacher is blessed with such an experience of a former student coming back to say, simply to say a very simple THANKS. 课后课时作业（二） 186 R $