Unit 3 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第一册创新导学案Word（北师大版）

该高中英语导学案围绕“春节”主题展开，涵盖节日相关词汇（如account, attach）、语法（被动语态）及文化内涵，通过三位不同身份读者（交换生、工程师、老人）的春节经历叙述导入，结合词句自测搭建从文化体验到语言知识的学习支架，衔接词汇理解与语法应用。 资料特色在于多视角文化叙事培养学生文化意识，真实语境助力语言能力提升，词句自测、情景助记及即景活用等设计强化学习能力。被动语态讲解结合实例与练习，帮助学生高效掌握语法知识，同时通过中外文化对比增强家国情怀，适合课堂教学与自主学习。

英语　必修 第一册 BS Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 Notes from the editor: Spring Festival is an important tradition in China. 编者注：春节是中国的重要传统。 It has unique meanings. 它有独特的含义。 However, people may understand it differently, including those from other cultures. 然而，人们可能会以不同的方式理解它，包括来自其他文化的人。 •Here are three readers' accounts to our magazine, in which the readers shared their experiences and views about it. 以下是我们杂志的三位读者的叙述，分享了他们关于春节的经历和看法。 词句自测 ①account n. 描述，报道 ②Here are three readers' accounts ... 是副词here放在句首引起的全部倒装结构；in which ... 是“介词＋which”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰名词accounts。 Tom Jenkins—a 16－year－old exchange student living in Nanjing 汤姆·詹金斯——一个住在 南京的十六岁的交换生 It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China with my host family. 这是我第一次和我的寄宿家庭在中国过春节。 Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. 春节被每个中国家庭高度重视。 Preparations began a week before the festival. 在节日前一周准备工作就开始了。 First, the house was cleaned from top to bottom. 首先，房子被从上到下地打扫。 My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to sweep away the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year. 我的房东妈妈陈太太说这是为了清除过去一年的灰尘，并且为新的一年做准备。 词句自测 ③host n. 主人；东道主；主持人 ④sweep vt. 扫；打扫 ⑤sweep__away 扫除；清除 Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. 接着，汉字“福”被倒着贴在我们的前门上。 •It is believed that when Fu is put upside down, happiness arrives. 人们相信当“福”倒着的时候，幸福就会来临。 The character looked really cool. 这个字看起来真的很酷。 词句自测 ⑥character n. 字，字体；人物，角色 ⑦attach vt. 贴；固定；附上 ⑧upside__down 倒置地，颠倒地 ⑨It is believed that ... 为“It is＋v.－ed＋that从句”句型，意为“人们相信……”。 The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival. 在春节前的那个晚上最兴奋的事开始了。 Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. 整个城市都燃放起了烟花，突然点亮了夜空。 Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces. 孩子们捂住他们的耳朵，他们的脸上却带着期待的表情。 Mrs Chen said that it was to scare away the monster Nian. 陈太太说这是为了吓走怪兽“年”。 The fireworks were a lot of fun! 烟花很有趣！ •We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year. 然后，我们坐在一起享用丰盛的晚餐，祝愿每一个人新年快乐。 词句自测 ⑩let__off 使某物爆炸 ⑪expectant adj. 期待的，期望的 ⑫scare vt. 吓唬；使(某人)惊恐 ⑬scare__sb/sth__away 把……吓跑 ⑭wishing everyone a ... 为现在分词短语作伴随状语。 Xu Gang—a 28－year－old computer engineer working in Shanghai 徐刚——一个在上海工作的 二十八岁的电脑工程师 •I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible. 我经常在春节前几周就开始计划我回山西的旅程，因为火车票或机票必须得尽早预订。 I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents. 我用心挑选给我父母的礼物。 This year, I bought a bottle of wine for my father and a beautiful sweater for my mother. 今年，我给我的爸爸买了一瓶葡萄酒，给我的妈妈买了一件漂亮的毛衣。 词句自测 ⑮flight n. 航班 ⑯wine n. 葡萄酒 ⑰as train tickets ... 为as引导的原因状语从句，as意为“由于，因为”。 •Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. 每年，一上火车我就被山西口音所围绕——我知道我即将到家见我的家人。 I don't get to travel back to Shanxi very often, so when I get home, my parents will fill me in on what's been happening—who has got married or had children or gone away to university. 我不经常回山西，所以当我回到家时，我的父母会告诉我发生了什么事——谁结婚了或有孩子了，或去上大学了。 It's great to hear what everyone's been up to. 听到每个人在忙些什么是不错的。 词句自测 ⑱surround vt. 环绕，围绕 ⑲accent n. 口音 ⑳Every year, the moment ... 为the moment引导的时间状语从句。 We usually have hotpot—it's so tasty! 我们通常吃火锅，那真的很好吃！ However, what we eat isn't the most important thing. 然而，我们吃什么不是最重要的事情。 •What's important is who we eat it with. 重要的是我们和谁一起吃。 It's a wonderful thing to be back together with my family and talk of old times. 回来和我的家人在一起，并聊聊过去的时光是件美好的事情。 When I was a kid, Spring Festival was all about firecrackers, sweets and decorations. 当我还是孩子的时候，春节都是关于烟花、糖果和装饰物的。 As I get older, coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it. 随着年龄的增长，回家和全家在一起是春节中最重要的部分。 词句自测 hotpot n. 火锅 firecracker n. 鞭炮，爆竹 What's important is who ... 为who引导的表语从句。 Li Yan—a 70－year－old grandmother from Heilongjiang 李燕——一个来自黑龙江的七十岁的外婆 Spring Festival is family time for us. 春节对我们来说是家庭时间。 My husband and I are both retired. 我丈夫和我都退休了。 We do not see our children and grandchildren very often and we miss them a lot. 我们不能经常看见我们的孩子和孙子孙女们，我们非常想念他们。 Weeks before Spring Festival, we start getting ready for their homecoming. 在春节前的几周，我们开始为他们的回家做准备。 Things start to get really busy. 事情开始变得非常忙。 •We think about what the children would like to eat, what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared. 我们想孩子们会喜欢吃什么，我们需要买什么，以及需要准备什么菜。 词句自测 retired adj. 退休的 We think about what the children ... 中，what引导宾语从句，并且在从句中作宾语。 Our house buzzes with activities when everyone comes home. 当每个人都到家时，我们的房子里充满各种活动和声响。 Our grandchildren run around shouting and playing, and the adults gather around the table to talk about the past year. 我们的孙辈们到处跑，边喊边玩，大人们围着桌子谈论过去的一年。 Great fun is also enjoyed in the kitchen as jiaozi are being made. 厨房里也很有趣，因为正在包饺子。 We always have jiaozi during this time, as they mean something special on this occasion—they are a sign of our wishes for health and happiness in the coming year. 我们总在这个时候吃饺子，因为在这个时刻，它们意味着一些特殊含义——它们是我们在新的一年里对健康和幸福的期望的一种象征。 To me, this is Spring Festival—the joy of a family gathering. 对我来说，这就是春节——和家人团聚的欢乐时光。 词句自测 buzz vi. 闹哄哄，喧闹 joy n. 欢欣，愉快，喜悦 Throughout history, some of the original customs have changed, but the spirit of the festival—the spirit of family—has largely been kept. 纵观历史，一些原始习俗发生了变化，但节日的精神——家庭精神——在很大程度上得到了保留。 Most of the important Spring Festival traditions are still being practised by people across the country. 大多数重要的春节传统仍在被全国各地的人们所践行。 词句自测 throughout prep. 在整个期间，自始至终 original adj. 原先的，最早的，最初的 custom n. 风俗，习惯；传统 1 occasion n. 重要的社交活动；时刻，时候(教材P50) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①The Mid­Autumn Festival is important because it is a special occasion for family. 中秋节很重要，因为对于家庭而言它是一个特殊的时刻。 ②He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his retirement. 他在退休时获赠这块手表。 ③He has been known to lose his temper on occasion. 人们知道他偶尔会发脾气。 ④I only wear a tie on special occasions. 我只有在特殊的场合才系领带。 ⑤I want to take this occasion to thank you. 我想借此机会感谢你。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He should be allowed the ________ (occasion) treat. ②My father would ________ (occasion) go to the park. 答案：①occasional　②occasionally (2)单句表达 ①那一次我们输了，但这次，我相信我们会赢。 __________________ we lost, but this time I am sure we will win. ②她不得不偶尔吃安眠药。 She had to take sleeping pills ____________． ③今天玛丽想借这个机会感谢你为她所做的一切。 Mary wants to ____________________________ you for what you've done for her today. 答案：①On that occasion　②on occasion ③take this occasion to thank 2 congratulation n. 恭喜，祝贺(教材P50) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①Congratulations! No pain, no gain. 祝贺你！一分耕耘，一分收获。 ②I offered him my congratulations on his success. 我祝贺他成功了。 ③Congratulations to you on your success. 恭喜你成功了。 ④We want to congratulate you on/upon winning the prize. 我们要恭喜你赢得这个奖。 易混辨析：congratulate/celebrate congratulate 宾语是人，使用congratulate sb on sth结构 celebrate 宾语是物，如节日、结婚纪念日、生日等令人欢乐的日子或事情 (1)单句语法填空 ①—I am very glad that I have passed the final exam! —________ (congratulate)! ②Christmas ________ (celebrate) on December 25th. 答案：①Congratulations 　②is celebrated (2)选词填空(congratulate/celebrate) ①Today is his birthday, so we're going to ________ it. ②I ________ you on your great discovery. 答案：①celebrate　②congratulate 3 tradition n. 传统(教材P105) 归纳拓展 ①The tradition of the Dragon Boat Festival started more than 2，000 years ago. 端午节这一传统习俗开始于2，000多年以前。 ②By tradition, people play tricks on April 1st. 根据传统习俗，人们在4月1日捉弄别人。 ③He's a politician in the tradition of Kennedy. 他是一位具有肯尼迪风格的政治家。 ④Shaking hands is another traditional way of greeting someone in America. 在美国，握手是另一种传统的问候方式。 (1)单句语法填空 ①According ________ tradition, people would dress up in costumes to frighten the ghost away. ②________ (traditional), election campaigns start on Labor Day. ③His paintings are very much ________ the tradition of Picasso. 答案：①to　②Traditionally　③in (2)单句表达 ①你喜欢传统的意大利烹饪吗？ Do you like ______________________？ ②根据传统习俗，婚礼的费用由新娘的父母承担。 ________________， it's the bride's parents who pay for the wedding. ③感恩节时吃火鸡是美国人的传统。 __________________ eat turkey on Thanksgiving Day. 答案：①traditional Italian cooking　②By/According to tradition　③It's traditional for Americans to 4 put up 张贴(教材P52) 归纳拓展 ①He has put up many notices to look for his lost horse. 为了寻找失踪的马，他张贴了很多布告。 ②She took up a slice of bread, broke it nervously, and then put it aside. 她拿起一片面包，焦虑不安地把它撕碎，又放在一边。 ③Put away the toys and do your homework now. 现在把玩具收起来去做作业。 ④If it rains hard, we will put off the match. 如果下大雨，我们将推迟比赛。 ⑤It took them several hours to put out the fire. 他们花了几个小时才扑灭了这场火。 (1)选词填空(put across/put forward/put off/put out) ①Why not ________ your visit till next Monday? ②They each ________ a proposal. ③Firemen tried to free the injured and ________ the blaze. ④I am so happy that you remember every word I ________ to you. 答案：①put off　②put forward　③put out ④put across (2)单句表达 ①你们下个月到城里来时我们将很乐意为你们提供住宿。 We shall be happy ____________________ when you come to town next month. ②他们正在城中心建造几幢新办公楼。 They're ________________________________ in the centre of town. 答案：①to put you up　②putting up several new office buildings 5 account n. 描述，报道(教材P52) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①He was too shocked to give an account of what had happened on the spot. 他震惊得无法描述现场所发生的事情。 ②On no account should the house be left unlocked. 离开住宅时千万要锁门。 ③He could not account for his absence from school. 他无法解释缺课的原因。 ④The Japanese market accounts for 35% of the company's revenue. 日本市场占该公司收入的35%。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The bad weather may have accounted ________ the delay. ②Everything taken ________ account, they decided to carry out the plan. ③She retired early on account ________ ill health. 答案：①for　②into　③of (2)单句表达 ①他清楚地描述了所发生的事情。 He ________________________ what had happened. ②我们绝不能在考试中作弊。 On no account ________________ in the exam. 答案：①gave a clear account of　②can we cheat 6 attach vt. 贴；固定；附上(教材P52) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①Attach a stamp to the envelope and mail it. 把邮票贴在信封上寄出去。 ②We must attach importance/significance/value to environmental protection. 我们必须重视环境保护。 ③It's easy to be attached to the children you work with. 你很容易就会喜欢上工作中接触到的孩子。 ④The school is attached to the Normal College. 这所学校附属于师范学院。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The hospital ________ (attach) to that university. ②People always attach importance ________ the education of their children. 答案：①is attached　②to (2)单句表达 ①我在我的申请表上贴了一张照片。 I ____________________ my application form. ②我们变得非常喜欢这座房子。 We've grown ____________________________． ③正像这句话所揭示的那样，我们很多青少年重视手机的程度远远超过了对朋友的重视。 Just as this sentence reveals, many of us teenagers __________________________ than to our friends. 答案：①attached a photo to　②very attached to this house　③attach more importance to our phones 7 expectant adj. 期待的，期望的(教材P52) 归纳拓展 ①Entering the classroom, she saw a row of expectant faces. 进入教室后，她看到了一张张充满期待的面孔。 ②Your price is beyond our expectations. 你们的报价超出了我们的预期。 ③The hotel failed to live up to my expectations. 这个旅馆没有达到我的期望。 ④His new book did not come up to/meet his expectations. 他的新书没有达到预期水平。 ⑤The school expects high standards of its students. 这所学校对学生要求很高。 (1)单句语法填空 ①The speed of the Arctic sea ice being melted is ________ the scientists' expectations. ②I'm determined to go all out to live up to my parents' ________ (expect)． ③She turned to me with an ________ (expect) look on her face. ④I can't expect her ________ (be) on time if I'm late myself. 答案：①beyond　②expectations　③expectant　④to be (2)单句表达 ①孩子们正带着期盼的神情等待烟火表演开始。 ____________________________ are waiting for the fireworks to begin. ②预计明天会下雨。 ____________________ it will rain tomorrow. ③我希望能用一年时间学好日语。 I expect ________________________________． 答案：①Children with expectant faces　②It is expected that　③to learn Japanese well in a year 8 scare vt. 吓唬；使(某人)惊恐(教材P52) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①They managed to scare the bears away. 他们设法把那些熊吓跑了。 ②She tries to scare the child into behaving well. 她试图恐吓那孩子让其守规矩。 ③Don't you realise what a scare you've given us all? 你难道不知道你把我们大家都吓得不轻吗？ ④The little girl was scared to go out alone in the evening. 晚上小女孩不敢独自外出。 ⑤She was scared to death to wait for the result of her entrance examination in the middle of June. 在六月中旬，她非常害怕地等着入学考试成绩。 单句语法填空 ①I was a little awkward to admit that I was ________ (scare)． ②You can't scare me ________ telling you the secret. ③The thunderstorm scared all the birds ________． ④I wanted to ask her out, but was scared ________ (refuse)． 答案：①scared　②into　③away/off　④to be refused 9 We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year. (教材P52) 然后我们坐在一起享受丰盛的晚餐，大家互相祝福新年快乐。 剖析 wishing everyone a happy new year是现在分词短语作状语，表示伴随。 归纳拓展 ①The children went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 孩子们有说有笑地走出教室。(伴随状语) ②Being too old, he couldn't do that work. 由于年龄太大，他不能从事那份工作。(原因状语) ③The bus was held up by the snow, thus causing the delay. 公共汽车被大雪所阻，因此延误了。(结果状语) ④Seen from space, the earth is blue. 从太空中看，地球是蓝色的。(时间状语) ⑤Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 尽管告诉了他很多次，但他仍然重复着相同的错误。(让步状语) (1)单句语法填空 ①________ (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star. ②She stood rooted to the ground, ________ (wonder) whether to stay or leave. 答案：①Raised　②wondering (2)句型转换 While I was walking along the street, I met her. ＝____________________， I met her. 答案：Walking along the street 10 I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival, as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible．(教材P53) 我通常在春节前几周就开始计划回山西的行程，因为必须尽早预订火车票或机票。 剖析 as adj./adv. as possible＝as adj./adv. as one can，表示“尽可能地……”。 归纳拓展 ①They watered the trees as often as possible. ＝They watered the trees as often as they could. 他们尽可能经常给树浇水。 ②We work as hard as any other team in England. 我们同其他英格兰球队一样努力。 ③It is not so good as last time. 这次不如上次好。 ④They have produced three times as much sugar as the previous season. 他们的糖产量是前一季度的三倍。 ⑤He is as quick a learner as his brother. 他学东西和他哥哥一样快。 (1)单句语法填空 ①This restaurant wasn't ________good as that restaurant we went to. ②He drinks twice as ________ milk as his sister. 答案：①so/as　②much (2)单句表达 ①他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。 He doesn't play half ________________ his sister. ②我认识的人没你多。 I don't know ________________ you do. ③他是如同莫扎特一样有天赋的音乐家。 He is ______________________ as Mozart. 答案：①as well as　②as many people as　③a musician as talented/as talented a musician 11 Every year, the moment I get on the train, I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family. (教材P53) 每年，一坐上火车，我就会被山西方言包围，我意识到我踏上了回家的路。 剖析 the moment引导时间状语从句，the moment在句中充当连词，表示“一……就……”。 归纳拓展 ①I recognized the actor the moment/minute/second/instant he entered the hall. 那个演员一进大厅，我就认出他了。 ②I had hardly come into the room when it began to rain. 我刚一进屋就开始下雨了。 ③No sooner had I heard the knock than I opened the door. 我一听到敲门声，就开门了。 (1)选词填空(the moment/when/than) ①Hardly had he seen me ________ he ran away. ②________ he reached the country, he started his search. ③He had no sooner returned ________ he bought a house. 答案：①when　②The moment　③than (2)同义句转换 I'll return the book as soon as I have read it. ＝I'll ______________________________ I have read it. (the moment) ＝I'll ______________________________ I have read it. (immediately) 答案：return the book the moment; return the book immediately 12 It's great to hear what everyone's been up to. (教材P53) 很高兴知道大家都在做什么。 剖析 be up to意为 “忙于”。 归纳拓展 ①All of us are up to good deeds. 我们所有人都在做有益的事情。 ②Whether we will go to the park is up to your brother. 我们是否去公园由你哥哥决定。 ③I can take up to four people in my car. 我的车最多能载4个人。 ④Up to now, everything is all right. 到目前为止，一切正常。 (1)单句语法填空 ①He must have known what his father would be up ________． ②It's up to the travel companies ________ (warn) customers of any possible dangers. 答案：①to　②to warn (2)单句表达 我们保持掌握最新的发展情况。 We are keeping ________________ with the latest developments. 答案：up to date 13 retired adj. 退休的(教材P53) 归纳拓展 情景助记 ①I know a retired electrical engineer who has become a highly－paid ceramic artist. 我认识一个退休的电气工程师，他成了一名身价颇高的陶瓷艺术家。 ②They decided to retire from teaching. 他们决定从教学岗位上退休。 ③When he retires as chairman, his son will step into his shoes. 当他从董事长的职位上退下来时，他的儿子将接替他的职位。 ④She took to painting after retirement. 她退休后爱上绘画。 (1)单句语法填空 ①What has John been busy with since he retired ________ politics? ②A firm employed my ________ (retire) father. 答案：①from　②retired (2)单句表达 ①他因健康原因退职。 He ________________ the job on health grounds. ②他还不打算从杂志编辑的位子上退休。 He has no plans to ________________ editor of the magazine. ③那个退休工人过着幸福的生活。 ______________________ lived a happy life. ④约翰退休后，过着隐居的生活。 John lived in the shadow __________________． 答案：①retired from　②retire as　③The retired worker　④after his retirement Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．Children under 14 must be accompanied by an ________ (成年人). 答案：adult 2．To ________ (总结), this is a clever way to a common problem. 答案：summarise 3．From here on he brings the ________ (角色) confidently alive. 答案：character 4．I'll try to get on the ________ (航班) down to Karachi tonight. 答案：flight 5．The ________ (风俗) of lighting the Olympic flame goes back centuries. 答案：custom 6．It is one of the most o________ works of imagination in the language. 答案：original 7．Now that she was r________ she lived with her sister. 答案：retired 8．An e________ crowd gathered. 答案：expectant 9．The preface of the book includes an a________ of the author's life. 答案：account 10．We had a grand social g________ last Sunday. 答案：gathering Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Mother told Tom to sweep ________ the dead leaves in the yard. 答案：away 2．People keep a dog to scare ________ thieves. 答案：away/off 3．________ (hear) the news, they got excited. 答案：Hearing 4．The plane has been kept in service far longer than ________ (original) intended. 答案：originally 5．Mr Palmer was a ________ (retire) maths master. 答案：retired 6．The two sportsmen congratulated each other ________ winning the match by shaking hands. 答案：on 7．It is ________ (believe) that the house was built in 1735. 答案：believed 8．The police have put ________ signs to warn people off this area. 答案：up 9．The only wall ________ (decoration) are candles and a single mirror. 答案：decorations 10．When the two boys were students, they both wanted to live in the same city after ________ (graduate)． 答案：graduation Ⅲ.单句表达 1．在黑板正中间从上到下画一条直线。 Draw a line down the middle of the blackboard ____________________． 答案：from top to bottom 2．你如果把信封倒过来，钥匙就会掉出。 If you turn the envelope ________________， the key will fall out. 答案：upside down 3．现在特殊教育和学前教育得到了重视。 Great importance ______________________ special and pre－school education now. 答案：is attached to 4．我希望你能尽快适应工作。 I hope you can adapt to the job __________________________． 答案：as quickly/soon as possible 5．我们决不能一有成绩就自满起来。 We must not become complacent ____________ we have some success. 答案：the moment/minute/second/instant 6．森林防火是你们的责任。 __________________ prevent forest fires. 答案：It is up to you to 7．英雄被少先队员们围住了。 The hero ______________________ the Young Pioneers. 答案：was surrounded by 8．我得为明天做许多准备工作。 I have a lot of work to do to __________________________________________. 答案：get ready for tomorrow 9．他万万没有想到，在那一时刻正是仙鹤救了狐狸的命。 He did not know that ______________________ it was the crane that had saved the fox. 答案：on that occasion 10．祝贺你获得一百米赛跑第一名。 Let me __________________________ the first place in the 100－metre race. 答案：congratulate you on winning 课时语法精讲——被动语态 语法体验 单句语法填空 1．How many magazines can ________ (borrow) in your library every week? 答案：be borrowed 2．Mooncakes ________ (make) by his mother every year. 答案：are made 3．________ you________ (invite) to the party last week? 答案：Were; invited 4．I had not ________ (wake) up by the alarm, so I was late this morning. 答案：been woken 5．Football________ (play) in most countries of the world. 答案：is played 6．The new book written by Mo Yan________ (sell) well. 答案：sells 7．This kind of pen ________ (write) well. 答案：writes 8．The soup________ (taste) good. 答案：tastes 9．It ________ (hold) in the school lecture hall from 3 pm to 5 pm next Friday. 答案：will be held 10．We can't use the office; it ________ (paint) now. 答案：is being painted 语法讲座 一、被动语态的概念 英语中动词有主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)之分。如果主语是动作或状态的发出者，动词就用主动语态；如果主语是动作或状态的承受者，动词就用被动语态。 Our English teacher encouraged Mary. 我们的英语老师鼓励了玛丽。 Mary was encouraged by our English teacher. 玛丽受到了我们英语老师的鼓励。 上面第一句中的动词encouraged是主动语态；第二句中的动词was encouraged是被动语态。 二、被动语态的基本构成形式 被动语态的基本结构是：“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”。 被动语态的谓语动词有各种时态变化，以动词take为例，其常见时态的被动形式如下表： 一般现在时 am/is/are taken 一般过去时 was/were taken 现在进行时 am/is/are being taken 过去进行时 was/were being taken 现在完成时 have/has been taken 过去完成时 had been taken 一般将来时 will/shall be taken 过去将来时 would/should be taken Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们的教室天天打扫。(一般现在时的被动语态) The station was built in 1928. 这座车站是在1928年建成的。(一般过去时的被动语态) Several new factories are being built in our city now. 现在我们市正在建造几家新的工厂。(现在进行时的被动语态) Some babies were being looked after by Ms Chen last year. 去年一些孩子一直由陈女士照看。(过去进行时的被动语态) Some new factories have been built in the city since last year. 从去年以来市里已经建造了一些新的工厂。(现在完成时的被动语态) I didn't know that my watch had been mended. 我不知道我的手表已经修好了。(过去完成时的被动语态) Her name will be ranked with the names of history. 她的名字将与伟大的历史名人并列。(一般将来时的被动语态) He said that the books would be given to the students. 他说这些书将给学生们。(过去将来时的被动语态) 单句语法填空 ①I ________ (give) a new book on my last birthday. ②The room ________ (clean) before we came. ③The physics lesson ________ (teach) in the lab tomorrow. ④The flowers ________ (water) by them now. ⑤The giant panda ________ (love) by people throughout the world. ⑥We won't start the work until all the preparations ________ (make)． 答案：①was given　②had been cleaned　③will be taught　④are being watered　⑤is loved ⑥have been made 三、被动语态的特殊结构形式 1．情态动词的被动语态 情态动词(may, might, can, could, should, ought to, must)＋be＋过去分词 Nowadays, solar energy can be used to produce electricity in many countries. 现在，在许多国家太阳能可以被用来发电。 A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt by you. 你可以感觉到一种真正的成就感和幸福感。 The pollution must be stopped. 污染必须停止。 2．使役动词和感官动词的被动语态 (1)使役动词have, make, let以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面的不定式作宾语补足语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加上to。 My father made me stay up late to finish my homework. 父亲让我熬夜写完作业。(表示主动) I was made to stay up late to finish my homework by my father. 我被父亲要求熬夜写完作业。(表示被动) (2)get, leave, cause等使役动词的宾语补足语是带to的不定式时，变为被动语态时该不定式不变。 He left Jane to find her own way home. 他丢下简，让她自己回家去。(表示主动) Jane was left to find her own way home. 简被丢下，自己回家去。(表示被动) 3．带双宾语的动词的被动语态 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常将间接宾语变为主语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. ＝He was given a present by his mother for his birthday. 他妈妈送给他一份生日礼物。 4．动词短语的被动语态 动词短语是一个整体，不可丢掉它后面搭配的介词或副词。 It is said that a new railway station will be set up in my hometown. 据说我的家乡将建一个新的火车站。 The baby is being taken care of by his grandmother. 这个婴儿正由他祖母照顾。 Such a strange story has never been heard of by them. 这样奇怪的事情他们还从没有听说过。 句型转换 ①Teachers can use RealCine in the classroom. ＝RealCine ________________ in the classroom by teachers. ②You needn't do it now. ＝It ________________ by you now. ③I didn't notice her enter the office. ＝She ____________________ the office by me. ④My sister gave me a big cake. ＝I ________________ a big cake by my sister. ⑤We should make good use of every chance. ＝Every chance should ____________________ by us. 答案：①can be used　②needn't be done ③wasn't noticed to enter　④was given ⑤be made good use of 四、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．主动形式表达被动意义 (1)①当feel, look, smell, taste, sound等系动词后面接形容词构成系表结构时。 Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸起来很柔软。 The fish smells good. 鱼闻起来很香。 ②当cut, read, sell, wear, write, wash, cook, shut, dry, drink等表示某种属性且带有修饰语时。 The book written by that famous writer sells very well. 那位著名作家写的书很畅销。 These cups clean easily. 这些杯子很容易清洗。 ③当动词表示“开始，结束，运动”等意义时。 The museum doesn't open on Monday. 博物馆星期一不开放。 (2)want, require, need后面的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，或用不定式的被动形式。 These flowers want/require/need watering/to be watered. 这些花需要浇水。 (3)“be＋adj.＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语时，用主动形式表示被动含义。 He isn't easy to get along with. 他不容易相处。 单句表达 ①我的房子需要修理了。 My house ________________________________________________________________. ②老年人需要细心照料。 The old require ______________________________________________________________. ③这个问题很容易回答。 The question ______________________________________________________________. ④这个包背起来很重。 The bag ________________________________________________________________. 答案：①needs/wants/requires repairing/to be repaired　②looking after/to be looked after carefully　③is easy to answer　④is very heavy to carry 2．含被动语态的句型及其转换 “It is＋过去分词＋that从句”这一句型的常见形式有： It is believed that ... 人们相信……；据说…… It is said that ... 据说…… It is hoped that ... 人们希望…… It is thought that ... 人们认为…… It is reported that ... 据报道…… It is (well) known that ... 众所周知…… It is supposed/considered that ... 人们认为…… It is agreed that ... 人们一致同意…… It is judged that ... 据判断…… It is proved that ... 据证实…… It is estimated that ... 据估计…… It is believed that he has been working hard. 大家相信他一直努力工作。 It is reported that he drove while drunk. 据报道，他醉酒驾车。 名师点津 以上句式大多数可转换为Sb/Sth is said/believed/thought/reported ... to do sth句型。 It is said that she is the richest woman in the city. ＝She is said to be the richest woman in the city. 据说她是这个城市里最富有的女人。 句型转换 ①People say you are a real hero. ＝You ________________ a real hero. ＝________________ you are a real hero. ②People said Edison had invented the first light. ＝Edison ________________________ the first light. ＝________________ Edison ______________ the first light. 答案：①are said to be; It is said that　②was said to have invented; It was said that; had invented 3．被动语态和系表结构的区别 “be动词＋过去分词”可能是被动语态，也可能是系表结构，其区别是：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是动作的承受者；系表结构说明主语所处的状态，过去分词相当于形容词。 The cup was broken by my brother.(被动语态) 这个杯子是被我弟弟打碎的。 The cup is broken.(系表结构) 这个杯子碎了。 判断下列句子属于A(系表结构)还是B(被动语态) ①The gate of the garden was locked by the girl. ________ ②The gate of the garden was locked. ________ ③I am interested in computer studies. ________ ④The old man was surrounded by the children. ________ ⑤This picture was drawn long ago. ________ 答案：①B　②A　③A　④B　⑤B Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Be patient! Tai chi ________ (call) “shadow boxing” in English. 答案：is called 2．I'd like a pen which ________ (sell) well. 答案：sells 3．Bread and butter ________ (serve) for breakfast in many Chinese homes nowadays. 答案：is served 4．I have to go to work by taxi because my car ________ (repair) at the garage. 答案：is being repaired 5．The fields where crops used to be grown ________ (use) for building now. 答案：are being used 6．She ________ (say) to be suffering from a cold these days. 答案：is said 7．The visitors ________ (request) not to touch the exhibits. 答案：are requested 8．Five passengers ________ (injure) in the traffic accident and they have all been taken to the nearest hospital. 答案：were injured 9．Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting ________ (exhibit) at the culture show when I arrived there. 答案：were being exhibited 10．It is said that a new robot ________ (design) by him in a few days. 答案：will be designed Ⅱ.句型转换 1．People use a great deal of water in this city. ＝A great deal of water ________________ in this city. 答案：is used 2．Can I answer this question in simple English? ＝Can this question ______________ in simple English? 答案：be answered 3．You should pay more attention to your table manners. ＝Your table manners ______________________． ＝More attention ____________________ your table manners. 答案：should be paid more attention to; should be paid to 4．He gave her some money. ＝She ______________ some money by him. ＝Some money ______________ her by him. 答案：was given; was given to 5．I saw him come this morning. ＝______________________ by me this morning. 答案：He was seen to come 6．The manager has not signed the papers. ＝________________________ by the manager. 答案：The papers have not been signed 7．Do many people speak Chinese outside China? ＝____________________ by many people outside China? 答案：Is Chinese spoken 8．The police are looking into the matter. ＝__________________________ by the police. 答案：The matter is being looked into 9．The Chinese people celebrate the Mid－Autumn Festival every year. ＝__________________________________ by the Chinese people every year. 答案：The Mid－Autumn Festival is celebrated 10．We haven't received letters from my friends so far. ＝So far letters ______________________________________． 答案：haven't been received from my friends 课后课时作业(一) Ⅰ　完形填空 It was officially Christmas vacation. The whole family spent Christmas morning __1__ gifts. I had bought my baby sister Melissa a toy cat at the local dollar store. When she __2__ it, I was delighted that she liked it. Melissa also had a gift for me. With a smile she tried to resist, she __3__ the package to me. “For you，” she said. I pulled back the paper to __4__ the gift to the rest of the family—one red Barbie car—Melissa's favorite toy. Words __5__ me. I looked back and forth between the gift she'd given me and the __6__ toy cat I'd given her. Melissa loved that car more than all her other toys. I was wondering __7__ she was parting with what she treasures. Realizing Melissa was __8__ her favorite toy, I pushed through the confusion I was feeling and said, “Melissa, really, you don't have to. This is nice of you, but you should __9__ it.” She whispered, “I loved that car ... __10__ I want you to have it.” In that __11__ I knew Melissa wasn't giving me a __12__； she was giving me her heart—__13__ it came in the form of a little red plastic car. Christmas wasn't about parties or presents or getting things, Christmas was about __14__ and I would never be too __15__ for that. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在圣诞节收到了一份来自妹妹的特殊礼物，让她感受到了真爱以及圣诞节的意义。 1.A.making B．sending C.purchasing D．exchanging 答案：D 解析：make 制作；send 邮寄；purchase 购买；exchange 交换。根据下文作者和妹妹互相交换了给对方的礼物可知，作者一家这一天早上在互相交换礼物。故选D。 2.A.noticed B．found C.designed D．opened 答案：D 解析：notice 注意到；find 找到；design 设计；open 打开。妹妹在打开礼物后表现出自己对礼物的喜欢。故选D。 3.A.lent B．handed C.carried D．delivered 答案：B 解析：lend 借给；hand 递；carry 搬运；deliver 发表。根据下文“‘For you，’ she said.”可知，妹妹是将礼物递给作者。故选B。 4.A.offer B．show C.display D．expose 答案：B 解析：offer 提供；show 展示；display 陈列；expose 暴露。作者撕开礼物外面的包装纸，应是想向大家展示自己收到的礼物。故选B。 5.A.failed B．struck C.lost D．moved 答案：A 解析：fail 失败；strike 罢工；lose 失去；move 移动。words fail sb表示“某人说不出话”，是一种习惯表达。故选A。 6.A.lovely B．special C.small D．cheap 答案：D 解析：lovely 可爱的；special 特别的；small 小的；cheap 便宜的。根据第一段可知，作者是在一元店(the local dollar store)里给妹妹买的礼物，这里的廉价玩具跟下文妹妹礼物的贵重形成对比。故选D。 7.A.how B．why C.what D．when 答案：B 解析：根据文章内容可知，作者知道红色小汽车是妹妹最喜欢的玩具，因此她很好奇为什么妹妹会把它送给自己。故选B。 8.A.looking for B．making up C.giving away D．turning down 答案：C 解析：look for 寻找；make up 编造；弥补；组成；give away 赠送；turn down 关小；拒绝。妹妹将自己最心爱的玩具送给了作者。故选C。 9.A.remain B．change C.keep D．forget 答案：C 解析：句意：你人真好，但你应该留着它。remain 保持不变；change 改变；keep 保留，保持；forget 忘记。作者此时既困惑又感动，但也提出让妹妹保留红色小汽车玩具。故选C。 10.A.since B．while C.and D．but 答案：D 解析：设空前后两个分句之间为转折关系，应用but连接。故选D。 11.A.occasion B．moment C.period D．situation 答案：B 解析：occasion 场合；时机；moment 时刻；period 时期；situation 情况。在那一刻，作者意识到妹妹送给自己的不仅仅是一个玩具。故选B。 12.A.cat B．surprise C.toy D．pleasure 答案：C 解析：根据上文并结合选项可知，妹妹送给作者的是红色小汽车玩具。故选C。 13.A.now that B．even if C.because D．unless 答案：B 解析：句意：在那一刻，我知道Melissa (梅利莎)并不是在给我一个玩具，她是在给我她的心——即使是以一辆红色塑料小车的形式。now that 既然；even if 即使；because 因为；unless 除非。even if引导让步状语从句。故选B。 14.A.love B．hope C.dream D．faith 答案：A 解析：作者通过妹妹送给自己她最心爱的玩具这件事，表明“妹妹对自己的爱”这一主题。这也是圣诞节的意义所在。故选A。 15.A.casual B．permanent C.smart D．old 答案：D 解析：casual 马虎的；permanent 永久的；smart 聪明的；old 年龄大的，老的。作者认为，无论自己年龄多大，都可以享受圣诞节带来的这份真爱。故选D。 Ⅱ　阅读 A Edinburgh is the world's festival city. There are 12 festivals throughout the year, half of which are celebrated during the months of July and August. Hundreds of thousands of people visit the Scottish capital during the summer. Here are some of the events they can enjoy： The Edinburgh International Festival,This is the original Edinburgh festival, which began in 1947. Actors, musicians, dancers and opera singers from all over the world perform to huge audiences. You need tickets for most events which take place in theaters around the city. The Edinburgh Festival Fringe This is the largest arts festival in the world with thousands of shows taking place across the city. More than 20，000 artists take part, as the festival is open to anyone. Visitors can choose from a huge variety of acts. Join thousands of visitors and locals at the Royal Mile, Edinburgh's main street, to watch all kinds of performers and shows. The Edinburgh International Book Festival,The largest book festival in the world began in 1983 and takes place every year in Charlotte Square Gardens, in the centre of Edinburgh. There are more than 700 events for children and adults who love books. You can meet many authors, talk to them, ask them to sign a book or listen to them talk about their stories. Children can listen to stories and watch painters draw pictures. The Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival,Music lovers come to this festival to enjoy music shows around the city. One of the highlights of this musical event is the street carnival, which is free to all. Artists perform street theatre, dance and circus shows in amazing costumes, and everyone can join in the dancing. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了爱丁堡的四个节日以及各自的特色活动。 1.Which of the festivals is the most attractive to the bookworms around the world？ A.The Edinburgh International Festival. B.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe. C.The Edinburgh International Book Festival. D.The Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据The Edinburgh International Book Festival部分中的“There are more than 700 events for children and adults who love books.”可知，爱丁堡国际图书节最吸引读书爱好者。故选C。 2.According to the passage, what can visitors do at The Edinburgh Festival Fringe？ A.They can take part in a street carnival. B.They can enjoy the performances of a great many performers. C.They communicate with some famous authors from all over the world. D.They can join the locals at Charlotte Square Gardens to watch all kinds of shows. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据The Edinburgh Festival Fringe部分中的“to watch all kinds of performers and shows”可知，游客在爱丁堡艺穗节可以欣赏许多表演者的表演。故选B。 3.Where can we probably read the passage？ A.In a history book. B.In a tourist brochure. C.In an encyclopedia. D.In an art magazine. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要是对爱丁堡的四大节日及活动的介绍，由此可推知，文章出自旅游手册。故选B。 B A long time ago, I was returning from my friend's house. My father parked the car in front of our house. We were opening the gate when suddenly we noticed two puppies run onto our lawn. They were differently colored—one was brown as a cup of coffee with its tail and ear hair dipped in black while the other puppy was a biscuit color with the tip of its tail dipped in white and its forehead had a white spot. And that's why we named them Coffee and Biscuit. Coffee is female and Biscuit is male. In other words they both are twins by a minute. Well, since then they have been with us. Now here comes the shocking part. Coffee has been with us only for one year and 11 months. Guess why? Coffee will soon be littering (产仔). At this time it is known that dogs have a sense of temper and start biting people that come near them. And so with a lot of arguing I let my parents take Coffee to a farmer's far away. They tried to assure me that Coffee would have a great time. But Biscuit and I couldn't stand the pain of losing a friend and a sister. After a month, the night before Christmas I made my Christmas wish: I wished that Coffee would come back to me on Santa's sleigh (雪橇). The next morning, I woke up to hear the singing of birds. I jumped out of bed and ran towards the Christmas tree. There were almost 100 presents. We started to open our gifts. In the end there was just one remaining. It was wrapped in a green gift paper and tied with a red ribbon. I opened it up and guessed who jumped out. It was my lost Coffee. She looked absolutely beautiful. My parents explained that she had been scratching the front door last night！ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者不得不与自己的一只爱犬暂时分开，但在圣诞节当天又奇迹地收到了作为礼物的爱犬的故事。 4.The features of the dogs are that ________． A.Coffee's ear is brown B.Biscuit likes to eat biscuits terribly C.Coffee has a black tail D.Biscuit's forehead has a white spot 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，Coffee的毛是棕色的，但尾巴和耳朵的毛有黑色，而Biscuit是饼干的颜色，但尾巴梢上有白色，前额有一个白色斑点。故选D。 5.The family gave Coffee away ________． A.because it often fought with Biscuit B.because his parents disliked a dog at home C.because it began attacking people D.because it got lost when going out 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Guess why? Coffee will soon ... that come near them.”可知，Coffee将要产仔了，开始有脾气了，开始咬靠近它的人，所以这家人把Coffee送走是因为它开始攻击人。故选C。 6.What can we infer from the passage？ A.Coffee will be thrown away after Christmas. B.His parents will never give Coffee away again. C.The author is always worried about Coffee. D.His parents hardly bought presents for the author. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，父母听到Coffee挠门时便把它作为礼物送给了作者，看到作者因Coffee失而复得而那么高兴，由此可推知，父母不会再把Coffee送走了。故选B。 7.The story mainly tells ________． A.a lovely and little pet was recovered B.the author gave up his pet C.the pet can bring a whole world of happiness D.people should protect dogs 答案：A 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章讲述了作者的父母把一只将要产仔的小狗送给了他人，而这只小狗竟然在圣诞节的前夜跑回来，并被父母当礼物送给作者的故事。即这只小狗失而复得。故选A。 C The White Nights Festival is an international art and music festival in Russia. It is celebrated during the season of the midnight sun when the Northern Lights shine at dusk and dawn. The festival usually takes place between May and July in Saint Petersburg. The White Nights Festival was first celebrated in 1992. In 2011, it received worldly recognition as a cultural event. It can help strengthen the cultural communication between Russia and the whole world. It was also created to improve the image of Russia and promote it as a world center for the arts. The White Nights Festival normally begins with a performance of the Stars of the White Nights. This performance is a must－see event that takes place at the Marinsky Theatre. It is an excellent production that combines historical artistic works and modern pieces. In addition, there are musical performances in the form of ballets, classical music and operas. Other events occur outside of the Stars of the White Nights, among which the most famous one is the over－night opening of some of Saint Petersburg's most important museums and art galleries. Entry is free and visitors can admire collections of art and other exhibits after midnight. The climax of the White Nights Festival is the “Scarlet Saints” celebration. Scarlet Saints involves an impressive display of fireworks and a pirates' fight on Neva. The Scarlet Saints show is a celebration for students graduating from high school and is held on the weekend closest to the summer solstice (夏至). It has become popular with people from all walks of life thanks to the huge fireworks display, open air concerts and the multi－level water and light show. On the Neva River, a boat with red sails crosses the water, wishing graduates a smooth journey into adulthood where they can realize their ambitions. This year the artistic director of the White Nights Festival is Valery Gergiev. He ensures that the White Nights Festival is an inclusive event that both children and adults can attend. Children look forward to the celebration of the end of the school year at the festival which is highlighted by the fireworks display. The events will be tailored towards the satisfaction of all attendees no matter their age or gender. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄罗斯的国际艺术音乐节——白夜节的相关信息。 8.What is the main purpose of the White Nights Festival？ A.To make Russia a famous tourist attraction. B.To promote cultural exchanges internationally. C.To attract the interest from worldwide musicians. D.To change people's impression of Saint Petersburg. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It can help strengthen the cultural communication between Russia and the whole world. (它可以帮助加强俄罗斯与全世界之间的文化交流。)”可知，白夜节是为了促进国际文化交流。故选B。 9.What can we learn about the Stars of the White Nights？ A.It allows people to visit museums for free. B.It contains different types of musical performances. C.It mainly reflects the modernity of Russian art. D.It provides music lovers with many professional courses. 答案：B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“In addition ... classical music and operas.”可知，白夜之星的表演中含有各种形式的音乐表演。故选B。 10.What's the significance of the Scarlet Saints show？ A.It draws public attention to river protection. B.It helps prove the acting talent of some graduates. C.It offers service jobs to people from all walks of life. D.It expresses people's wishes for the younger generation's growth. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“On the Neva River ... they can realize their ambitions.(在涅瓦河上，一艘红帆船驶过水面，祝愿毕业生顺利进入成年期，实现自己的抱负。)”可推知，该表演的意义是表达对年轻一代成长的祝愿。故选D。 11.What is Valery Gergiev's expectation？ A.Local children can receive higher education. B.His works can be praised by international artists. C.All the attendees will be satisfied with the festival. D.The festival will include more colorful outdoor activities. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“He ensures that the White Nights Festival ... no matter their age or gender.”可知，Valery Gergiev (瓦莱丽·格尔吉耶夫)确保儿童和成年人都参与到此次白夜节中，并且为所有人量身定做，他期待所有参加者都对节日感到满意。故选C。 D A fun way to learn about the people in the destinations you travel to around the globe is to drop into a friendly local bar off the beaten tourist track and enjoy a sip of something the region is famous for. To help you have fun, we've rounded up how to say “Cheers！” around the world. Who doesn't dream of living the good life in France? The food alone is well worth the trip since the French basically invented fine cuisine. They also invented a little golden liquid called the Champagne! Just before your first sip, look at your friends in the eyes and simply say their “cheers”： à votre santé！ Is it just us, or is the Italian treat called prosecco sweeping the nation by storm? It's lovely anytime: brunch, to celebrate something, or just to slowly sip while catching up with a dear friend. It originated in Italy's Veneto region but is now available all over the world. When in Italy, the most common toast is “cin cin”， which has its origins in China. However, do not use this as a toast in Japan. It is what could get you kicked out of a bar or possibly the entire country. If you find yourself in the land of Japan, stick with “kampai”， which means “Cheers！”． If you haven't been to Ireland—what are you waiting for? It's the friendliest place, and one of the funniest on the planet, and the pubs are full of stories, where locals and visitors gather to lift a glass of Guinness. The Irish language can be a bit tricky for visitors to grasp but, again, practice makes perfect. Simply say, “Slàinte mhath.” 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。在不同国家和地区，“干杯”体现了当地的文化和风情。文章分别介绍了在法国、意大利、日本和爱尔兰如何表达“干杯”。 12.What is the French way of saying “Cheers”？ A.À votre santé. B．Cin cin. C.Kampai. D．Slàinte mhath. 答案：A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Just before your first sip ... simply say their ‘cheers’： à votre santé！”可知，在法国，干杯时说“à votre santé”。故选A。 13.What does the underlined word “It” in Paragraph 3 refer to？ A.The Italian wine. B.A toast from China. C.A Japanese custom. D.A French expression. 答案：B 解析：指代判断题。根据第三段第四、五句“When in Italy, the most common toast ... as a toast in Japan.”可知，意大利常见的祝酒词是“cin cin”，起源于中国；然而在日本，不要把这个当作祝酒词。结合It所在句“It is what could ... possibly the entire country.”可知，这种起源于中国的祝酒词可能让你被赶出酒吧；由此可推知，It指代起源于中国的祝酒词。故选B。 14.What can we learn about Ireland from the text？ A．It is famous for food. B.Its language is simple. C．It makes perfect wine. D.It is well worth visiting. 答案：D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“It's the friendliest place ... lift a glass of Guinness.”可知，爱尔兰是最友好的地方，也是世界上最有趣的地方之一，酒吧里充满了故事，在那里当地人和游客聚在一起举杯畅饮。由此可推知，爱尔兰值得一游。故选D。 15.What's the main purpose of the text？ A．To introduce the world­famous wine. B．To show how to make friends in bars. C．To give suggestions on drinking regionally. D．To recommend some famous travel destinations. 答案：C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在不同国家和地区说“干杯”的方式；由此可推知，本文的目的是介绍在不同国家和地区如何说“干杯”。故选C。 课后课时作业(二) Ⅰ　阅读 When the leaves begin to change colors, it means one thing for many travelers: Fall festival season is here. If you're interested in visiting a fall festival in America, here are some of the country's best fall festivals for you to choose from. Wellfleet Oysterfest Wellfleet Oysterfest is a two­day event held in Wellfleet, Mass. The meeting on Cape Cod is one that the locals look forward to all year long. Feed on oysters (牡蛎) and other seafood, while you watch the fastest oyster­eaters in the world compete in the famous Oyster Shuck­Off, a competition for taking the outer covering of oysters. The competition is taken very seriously. Harvest on the Harbor It takes place in Portland, Maine. The festival celebrates all that is best about Maine's food and wine. This celebration is held every October, and includes the Maine Lobster Chef of the Year Competition and Savory Samplings at the Marketplace. The latter allows travelers to taste the best local food that Maine has to offer at Casco Bay. Killington Hay Festival If you're looking for a fall festival that includes hay sculptures (干草雕塑), take part in the yearly Killington Hay Festival. When you begin to see the giant hay sculptures, you'll know you've arrived. Past sculptures have changed from a 20­foot­tall kangaroo to a family of penguins. 篇章导读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了3个美国最好的秋季节日。 1.What can we learn about the meeting on Cape Cod？ A.It takes place twice a year. B.It lasts three days in all. C.It's loved by the locals. D.It's not open to tourists. 答案：C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The meeting on Cape Cod is one that the locals look forward to all year long.”可知，科德角的聚会是当地人全年期待的节日。由此可知，科德角的聚会深受当地人喜爱。故选C。 2.Who would most probably go to Harvest on the Harbor？ A.People who want to go to a festival in November. B.People who want to try Maine's local food. C.The fastest oyster­eaters worldwide. D.The best cooks around the world. 答案：B 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句“The latter allows travelers to taste the best local food that Maine has to offer at Casco Bay.”可知，后者可以让游客品尝到缅因州卡斯科湾提供的最好的当地食物。由此可推知，想要品尝缅因州当地食物的人们很可能会去海港收获节。故选B。 3.What do the festivals have in common？ A.They all serve seafood. B.They are all liked by eaters. C.They all last for two days. D.They all take place in fall. 答案：D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“If you're interested in visiting a fall festival in America, here are some of the country's best fall festivals for you to choose from.”可知，文章介绍了几个美国最好的秋季节日。由此可知，这些节日的共同之处是它们都发生在秋季。故选D。 Ⅱ　七选五 Christmas Activities for Adults __1__ So what should we do when we have all the time for ourselves without having to worry about work? You have to have fun! For starters, here are some fun Christmas activities that you are absolutely going to love. •Organize a Charity Show Christmas is about spreading joy and love, and it's also about giving. We give our family presents on this day to show them happiness and love, don't we? But have you ever wondered how the poor celebrate their Christmas? Does Santa leave gifts for them too? __2__ Use all the activities to buy gifts or necessities for those less privileged (幸运的)． •Visit Orphanages (孤儿院) and Old Age Homes Christmas is an occasion for the entire family to come together and celebrate. More than the celebration, we look forward to being near our close ones. __3__ Form a group and spend an entire day with children or seniors at orphanages and old age homes. Play games, interact and give away goodies, especially to the children. •Start a Donation Drive If you have the time, organize a donation drive in your locality. A lot of people will want to donate clothes, accessories (衣服的配饰) and other necessary items. __4__ This festive season will promise to give someone a smile. __5__ Plan these activities in time and have fun with your family and friends. Merry Christmas and may God bless you！ A.Shopping is an entirely different experience during Christmas. B.With Christmas just around the corner, it is time for us to plan our holidays. C.Along with gifts, if you donate these to people as well, it will really make a difference. D.Now that you know these activities, you can select a few of them to keep yourself busy. E.As for charity, you can arrange for a show in your circle of friends or in your neighborhood. F.Gifting something to your family members, friends and colleagues is important during Christmas. G.The same joy can be shared with people who don't have the company of their family on this happy occasion. 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些在圣诞节可以做的活动。 1.答案：B 解析：下文提出了一个问题：那么在我们有这么多时间不用担心工作的时候我们应该做些什么呢？B项(随着圣诞节的来临，是时候好好规划我们的假期了。)引出下文。故选B。 2.答案：E 解析：上文提到，你是否想过穷人是怎么过圣诞节的？他们也能收到圣诞老人的礼物吗？下文提到，利用这些活动为那些没有我们幸运的人买一些礼物或必需品；E项(在你的朋友圈或社区组织一次慈善演出。)承上启下。故选E。 3.答案：G 解析：上文提到，在圣诞节，人们都渴望能和亲人团聚；下文提到，找一些人一起去孤儿院和养老院和那些孤儿和老人们过圣诞节；G项(过圣诞节的那种快乐也可以和那些没有家人陪伴的人分享一下。)承上启下。故选G。 4.答案：C 解析：上文提到，在捐赠活动上，人们会捐赠一些衣服、衣服的配饰和其他一些必需品；C项(如果将那些物品和礼物一起送给那些有需要的人，那对他们将会有很大的影响。)承接上文。故选C。 5.答案：D 解析：下文提到，及时计划好这些活动，与家人和朋友过得开心些；D项(既然你了解了这些活动，你可以选几个让自己忙碌起来。)引出下文。故选D。 Ⅲ　语法填空 The Forbidden City, __1__ (locate) at the exact center of Beijing, is a place full of wonders. But more than 600 years after it was built, it's still managing __2__ (serve) up surprises because the Forbidden City has survived more than 200 earthquakes. Most structures aren't made to survive __3__ (nature) disasters, let alone those built hundreds of years ago. To show __4__ strong ancient Chinese buildings really are, a television documentary by British broadcaster Channel 4 explored the skills of the ancient building's designers. A group of Chinese carpenters and __5__ (engineer) were shown building a scale model of one of the Forbidden City's palaces, at one fifth of the size. The model __6__ (put) to the test. It was subjected to a simulated earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale. Instead of falling apart, the model was just moved __7__ (gentle) during the test.,According to experts, the answer to the Forbidden City's strength, lies in dougong—__8__ old building method invented in China. In spite of being held together __9__ any nails or glue, dougong is perfect at __10__ (keep) structures together. So as China's most popular tourist destination, perhaps the Forbidden City should add one more thing to its list of attractions: earthquake shelter. 1.________　2.________　3.________　4.________ 5.________　6.________　7.________　8.________ 9.________　10.________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了北京紫禁城的位置、历史、建筑抗震强及其原因。 1.答案：located 解析：考查非谓语动词。be located in/at “位于……”，为固定搭配，此处用过去分词作定语。故填located。 2.答案：to serve 解析：考查非谓语动词。manage to do sth “设法做成某事”，为固定用法。故填to serve。 3.答案：natural 解析：考查词性转换。此处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词disasters。故填natural。 4.答案：how 解析：考查宾语从句的连接词。此处引导的从句作show的宾语，且设空处在从句中作状语，意为“多么”。故填how。 5.答案：engineers 解析：考查名词。根据句中“A group of Chinese carpenters”以及 “and”可知，设空处应用名词复数。故填engineers。 6.答案：was put 解析：考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。此处讲述发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时；设空处动词与主语The model之间为被动关系，且主语为单数。故填was put。 7.答案：gently 解析：考查词性转换。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词moved。故填gently。 8.答案：an 解析：考查冠词。中心词method为可数名词，此处为泛指，且old的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 9.答案：without 解析：考查介词。句意：尽管没有用钉子和胶水，斗拱结构很完美地结合在一起。根据句意及常识可知，斗拱未用钉子和胶水。故填without。 10.答案：keeping 解析：考查非谓语动词。根据设空前介词“at”可知，设空处应用动名词。故填keeping。 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Jenny was the only child in her home. She had a quarrel (争吵) with her mother that afternoon and she ran out of the house angrily. She couldn't help crying sadly when she thought of the scolding (指责) from her mother. Having wandered aimlessly in the street for hours, she felt a little hungry and wished for something to eat, but it was not possible for her, since she had nothing with her. She stood beside a stand for a while, watching the middle­aged seller busy doing his business. However, with no money in hand, she had to leave. The seller behind the stand noticed the young girl and asked, “Hey, girl, you want to have the noodles？” “Oh, yes ..., but I don't have money on me ...” she replied. “That's nothing. I'll treat you today，” said the man, “come in.” The seller brought her a bowl of noodles, whose smell was so attractive. As she was eating, Jenny cried silently. “What is it？” asked the man kindly. “Nothing, actually I was just touched by your kindness！” said Jenny as she dried her tears. “Even a stranger on the street will give me a bowl of noodles, while my mother, drove me out of the house. She showed no care for me. She is so cruel compared to a stranger！” Hearing the words, the seller smiled, “Girl, do you really think so? I only gave you a bowl of noodles and you thanked me a lot. But it is your mother who has raised you since you were a baby. Can you number the times she cooked for you? Have you expressed your thanks to her？” Jenny sat there, speechless; she remembered mother's familiar face and weathered hands. “Why did I not think of that? A bowl of noodles from a stranger made me feel thankful, but I have never thanked my mum for what she has done for me.” On the way home, Jenny made up her mind to make an apology to her mother for her rudeness as soon as she arrived home. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右； 2.请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. 　　　　　 　　　 　　　 　　　 　　 　 　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。小女孩Jenny (珍妮)和妈妈吵架，愤怒地离开了家，好心的摊主请她吃了一碗面条，她很感动，认为妈妈还没有陌生人对自己好，但摊主的一番话让Jenny明白了在过去的日子里，妈妈为自己付出了很多，她决心回家向妈妈道歉。Jenny到家后会发生什么？最后妈妈会原谅她吗？ [精彩范文] Approaching the doorway, Jenny took a deep breath. When she knocked at the door, she found the door was locked and her mother was not in. Tired and sad, she sat down in front of the house. “Where could my mother be？” she wondered. “Was she still angry with me？” Again, the scene of the quarrel appeared in her mind. She remembered her rudeness to her mother. Realizing that all the scolding from her mother was due to the fact that her mother really cared a lot about her, she felt rather ashamed, and tears began to roll down her cheeks. A gentle touch on her hair called her mind back. She raised her head and saw the familiar face of her mother. “Here you come! I've been looking for you，” she said, tired and relieved. Jenny couldn't help throwing herself into her mother's arms. “Mum, I'm so sorry and thank you for all you have done for me.” She expressed her sincere apology and great gratitude. Hearing this, her mother smiled patting her back gently. 48 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $