Unit 6 Section Ⅰ Topic Talk & Lesson 1-【金版教程】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册创新导学案课件PPT（北师大版）

WELCOME UNIT UNIT 6　THE ADMIRABLE Section Ⅰ　Topic Talk & Lesson 1 课前预习自检 目录 CONTENTS 1 重点合作探究 2 课堂效果检测（一） 3 课后课时作业（一） 6 课后课时作业（二） 7 课时语法精讲 4 课堂效果检测（二） 5 课前预习自检 A MEDICAL PIONEER 医学先驱 At the Nobel Prize Lecture on 7 December, 2015, an 84－year－old Chinese woman walked slowly on to the stage. 2015年12月7日，在诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼上，一名84岁的中国女士缓缓走上颁奖台。 课前预习自检 •She began to talk about the life－saving drug, artemisinin, which she had discovered with the help of her team in the 1970s. 她开始谈论挽救生命的青蒿素，这是她在团队的帮助下于20世纪70年代发现的一种药。 The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist to be awarded a Nobel Prize for her work. 这位女士就是屠呦呦，是中国第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ①________ n. 舞台；阶段 ②_______ n. 药物，药材；毒品 ③which she had discovered ... 中，which引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词_______________。 ④________ adj. 女(性)的 ⑤________ vt. 授予；给予 stage drug artemisinin female award 课前预习自检 A scientist who was on the Nobel Prize Committee called Hans Forssberg explained that “the discovery of artemisinin has led to the development of new drugs which have saved the lives of millions”. 诺贝尔奖委员会的一位科学家汉斯·弗丝拜戈解释说，“青蒿素的发现致使新药的开发，新药挽救了数百万人的生命”。 •When thanking the Committee for the honour, Tu Youyou said, “This is not only an honour for myself, but also recognition of and encouragement for all scientists in China.” 屠呦呦在感谢委员会授予她这项荣誉时说：“这不仅是我个人的荣誉，也是对中国所有科学家的认可和鼓励。” 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑥When thanking是when引导的时间状语从句的________句，省略了主语Tu Youyou和be动词。 ⑦___________ n. 委员会 ⑧___________ n. 荣誉　vt. 感到荣幸 ⑨___________ n. 表彰；赞扬　 省略 committee honour recognition 课前预习自检 Tu Youyou was born in Zhejiang Province, China, on 30 December, 1930. 屠呦呦于1930年12月30日出生在中国浙江省。 She studied medicine at Peking University Health Science Centre. 她在北京大学医学院学习医学。 After graduation, she became a member of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. 毕业后，她成为中国中医科学院的一名成员。 •Later, she studied Chinese medicine for two and a half years with experts in the field from whom she gained a deep knowledge about traditional practices. 后来，她跟随该领域的专家学习了两年半的中医，对传统医学有了深入的了解。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑩__________ n. 研究院；学会 ⑪from whom ... 是“_______＋关系代词”引导的定语从句，修饰前面的experts。 ⑫_________ vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益　n. 好处；利益 academy 介词 gain 课前预习自检 In 1969, Tu Youyou was chosen to establish a team to find a cure for malaria—a disease that killed millions of people every year. 1969年，屠呦呦被选中成立一个研究小组，寻找治疗疟疾的方法——一种每年导致数百万人死亡的疾病。 Across the world, scientists had been trying to find a cure. 在世界各地，科学家们一直在努力寻找治疗的方法。 They tested more than 240，000 chemicals with no success. 他们测试了超过24万种化学物质，但都没有成功。 •However, Tu Youyou had an idea that Chinese herbs might hold the secret. 然而，屠呦呦认为中草药里可能隐藏着某种物质。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑬____________ vt. 建立，设立 ⑭___________ n. 化学品；adj. 化学的 ⑮_______ n. 药草 ⑯an idea that ... the secret中that Chinese herbs might hold the secret是________从句，补充说明an idea，that是从句的连接词，在从句中________成分。 establish chemical herb 同位语 不作 课前预习自检 She studied ancient Chinese medical literature and visited experts in traditional Chinese medicine. 她研究了中国古代医学文献，并拜访了传统的中医专家。 She researched hundreds of traditional recipes connected to anti－malarial cures. 她研究了数百种与抗疟疾疗法有关的传统食谱。 Then Tu Youyou and her team began using modern research methods to study these Chinese herbs one by one. 后来，屠呦呦和她的团队开始使用现代研究方法对这些中草药逐一进行研究。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑰___________ n. 文献资料；著述；文学 ⑱___________ n. 处方；秘诀 literature recipe 课前预习自检 This was not an easy task. 这不是一件容易的事情。 The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources. 之所以很困难是因为团队的资源有限。 •They did not have enough staff, and the laboratory in which they worked had poor air quality. 他们没有足够的工作人员，工作的实验室空气质量很差。 课前预习自检 词句自测 ⑲________ adj. 有限的 ⑳___________ n. 物力；资源 21 ________n. 全体职员，员工 22 and连接两个___________；in which they worked为“_______＋_________”引导的________从句。 limited resource staff 并列分句 介词 关系代词 定语 课前预习自检 However, after hundreds of failed experiments, they eventually came across a promising chemical. 然而，在数百次失败的实验之后，他们终于发现了一种大有希望的化学物质。 It worked well in experiments on animals, but they had to know if it was safe for humans. 该物质在动物身上的实验效果很好，但他们必须知道它对人类是否安全。 Tu Youyou bravely volunteered to be the first human subject when they were ready to start testing and the rest of her team followed her. 当他们准备开始测试的时候，屠呦呦勇敢地自愿成为第一个人体实验对象，团队的其他成员也紧随其后。 课前预习自检 The test was a success. 实验很成功。 The medicine they discovered, artemisinin, has now become the world's most effective drug for fighting malaria. 他们发现的青蒿素现已成为世界上对抗疟疾最有效的药物。 课前预习自检 词句自测 23 ____________ adv. 最终；终于 24 _____________ 偶然发现；偶遇 25 _____________ adj. 大有希望的 eventually come across promising 课前预习自检 •Even though Tu Youyou is not interested in fame, she has become a scientist whose work is internationally renowned. 尽管屠呦呦对名誉不感兴趣，但她已经成了一位享誉国际的科学家。 In 2019, she was selected by the BBC as one of the most influential figures of science in the 20th Century along with Albert Einstein and Alan Mathison Turing. 2019年，她被英国广播公司选为20世纪最具影响力的科学人物之一，与阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦和艾伦·麦席森·图灵齐名。 课前预习自检 •Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist during a difficult time for science in China, her ability to use old wisdom and new methods to achieve her goals and the fact that her work bridged the Eastern and Western worlds, saving millions of lives. 在中国科学事业发展困难时期，屠呦呦因其作为一名科学家表现出的勇敢，运用中国古代智慧和新方法实现目标的能力，以及她架起了东西方之间的桥梁，挽救了数百万人的生命而闻名于世。 课前预习自检 词句自测 26 _________ n. 名声，名誉 27 whose work is internationally renowned是由whose引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a scientist，在从句中作________。 28 __________ adj. 著名的，有名望的 29 Tu Youyou was noted for her bravery in being a scientist ..., her ability to use ..., and the fact that ... 是and连接的三个并列_________。 30 her ability to use ... 中，动词不定式短语作her ability的____________。 31 that her work ... millions of lives是_________从句，其中that是连接词，在从句中不作成分。 32 saving millions of lives是现在分词短语作____________。 fame 定语 renowned 宾语 后置定语 同位语 结果状语 课前预习自检 Today Tu Youyou continues to conduct research despite her age. 时至今日，尽管屠呦呦年事已高，她仍继续进行研究。 According to Tu Youyou, “From our research experience in discovering artemisinin, we learnt the wisdom behind both Chinese and Western medicine. 屠呦呦说：“从我们发现青蒿素的研究经验中，我们学到了中西方医学的智慧。 There is great potential for future advances if these two kinds of wisdom can be fully integrated，” she said. 如果这两种智慧能够完全融合，未来的发展潜力将是巨大的。” 课前预习自检 词句自测 33 ___________ prep. 尽管；虽然 34 _________ n. 知识，学问；智慧 35 _________ n. 潜力；可能性 36 __________ n. 发展；进步 37 __________ vi.& vt. (使)结合；(使)成为一体 despite wisdom potential advance integrate 课前预习自检 重点合作探究 1 admire vt. 钦佩；欣赏(教材P50) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①When I was young, I admired clever people. Now that I am old, I admire kind people. 少时钦佩聪明人，老来欣赏仁厚人。 ②I admired him for saving the boy from the cold water. 我钦佩他从冰冷的水中救出男孩。 ③Deeply moved by her performance, the whole audience gasped with admiration. 她的表演深深打动了全场观众，他们赞叹不已。 ④Loyalty was her most admirable quality. 忠诚是她最令人钦佩的品质。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Everybody admires him ________ his fine sense of humor. ②We expressed/had ___________ (admire) for the soldiers, who behaved bravely in the action. ③He cast her an ___________ (admire) glance. ④Doctor Bethune's internationalist spirit is altogether _____________ (admire). (2)单句表达 路易斯因在高级医学研究方面的工作受到赞赏。 Lewis ________________________ on the advanced medical research. for admiration admiring admirable was admired for his work 重点合作探究 2 put out fires 灭火(教材P50) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He put out the fire with a piece of wet carpet. 他用潮湿的地毯扑灭火。 ②He has put aside a little money for a rainy day. 他积蓄了一些钱以备不时之需。 ③He puts his money away for a tour. 他为了旅行而攒钱。 ④He has put forward new peace proposals. 他已提出了新的和平建议。 ⑤We've had to put off our wedding until September. 我们不得不把婚期推迟到九月。 重点合作探究 (1)写出下列句中put out 的含义 ①This magazine is put out every Friday. ________ ②He put out his hand to welcome me. ________ ③Would you mind putting your cigarette out, please？________ (2)单句表达 现在你把手伸出去很危险。 It's dangerous to ___________ your hand now. 出版 伸出 熄灭 put out 重点合作探究 (3)用put的相关短语填空 ①She has decided to ________ herself ________ as a candidate. ②Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can ____________ almost every word her teacher says. put forward put down 重点合作探究 3 cure vt. 治好(疾病)；治愈　n. 疗法(教材P50) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He borrowed a book to help cure him of his reading problem. 他借了一本书来帮助矫正他的阅读障碍。 ②Researchers find cures for certain diseases often by using the forests' plant and animal life. 研究人员通常利用森林动植物找出某些疾病的治疗方法。 ③It was a case far beyond cure. 这种病已是无药可救了。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：cure/treat cure “治疗，治愈”，强调治好疾病的结果，使病人恢复健康，有时可指突然的、戏剧性的痊愈。cure还可以指“矫正，纠正”，借喻指消除社会某种不良现象或个人恶习等 treat “医治，治疗” ，强调治疗的动作或治疗的过程，不涉及治疗的结果。treat还可作“对待，看待”讲 重点合作探究 ①A few days' rest will cure you. 休息几天你的病就好了。 ②The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙医在给我看牙。 重点合作探究 名师点津 常见的“动词＋sb＋of＋sth”结构还有： ①remind sb of sth 提醒某人某事 ②warn sb of sth 警告某人某事 ③rob sb of sth 抢夺某人某物 ④inform sb of sth 通知某人某事 ⑤cheat sb of sth 欺骗某人某事 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①His son is very naughty and has formed some bad habits; I think he should cure him ________ them. ②It is my belief that we will find a cure ________ cancer in the next ten years. ③Larry's mother couldn't come to terms with the doctor's conclusion that her son was ________ cure. ④Punishment can never be ________ effective cure for severe social problems. of for beyond an 重点合作探究 (2)选词填空(cure/treat) ①I can give you some medicine to ________ you of the disease. ②The doctor ________ her headache with a new medicine, but didn't cure her. cure treated 重点合作探究 4 remarkable adj. 不寻常的；显著的；非凡的(教材P50) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①China is remarkable/known/famous for its long history. 中国因其历史悠久而闻名。 ②The judges remarked on the high standard of entries for the competition. 评委们对参赛作品的高水准作出了点评。 ③He made no remark on his wife's new hairstyle, which made her a little disappointed. 他对妻子的新发型没作任何评价，这令妻子有点失落。 重点合作探究 (1)用remark的适当形式填空 ①You should realize that your ________ may hurt the feelings of people around you. ②The Chinese economy has grown at a ___________ rate, averaging almost 10 percent every year. ③The scientist ____________ that he had found a _____________ way, but others made no ________ about it. remarks remarkable remarked remarkable remark 重点合作探究 (2)一句多译 对别人的相貌评头论足是不礼貌的。 ①It's bad manners to ________________ the appearance of others.(remark v．) ②It's bad manners to ___________________________ the appearance of others. (remark n．) remark on/upon make a remark/remarks on/about 重点合作探究 5 generous adj. 无私的；慷慨的；大方的(教材P50) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①I'd like to thank Mary, who's been very generous with her time. 我要感谢玛丽，她付出了很多时间。 ②He was always generous in sharing his enormous knowledge. 他一直慷慨地分享自己丰富的知识。 ③It is generous of you to lend your portable computer to me. 你把手提电脑借给我，真是太慷慨了。 重点合作探究 名师点津 generous常与of连用构成不定式的复合结构：It is generous of sb to do sth，可用于这一句型的表示人的品质的形容词还有：friendly, silly, clever, foolish, kind, wise等。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①It's very generous of you ________ (offer) to pay for us both. ②Although he was poor, he was quite generous ________ his needy friends. (2)单句表达 作为我们慈善机构的赞助人，他曾付出了很多时间。 As patron of our charity, he _________________________ his time. to offer to was very generous with 重点合作探究 6 have ... in mind 心里已有……(教材P104) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Always keep in mind: be polite and patient. 永远记住：要有礼貌和耐心。 ②Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter to change her mind. 我和妻子都无法说服女儿改变主意。 ③Roger can't make up his mind whether to go to college or get a job. 罗杰下不了决心是上大学还是找工作。 ④Knowing that they had arrived safely in such foggy weather took a load off my mind. 得知他们在大雾天平安到达，我如释重负。 重点合作探究 名师点津 make up one's mind中，mind的单复数要随one's的单复数而发生变化。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 After graduation from college, they made up their ________ (mind) to go and settle in the countryside. minds 重点合作探究 (2)单句表达 ①他的父亲是一个很固执的人；一旦他决定做什么事，你就不能让他改变主意。 His father is a very stubborn person; once he decides to do something, you can never ________________． ②请记住，时间会改变一切。 Please ___________________ that time will change everything. ③我无法想起我曾待过的那家旅馆的名字。 I couldn't __________________ the name of the hotel I'd stayed in. change his mind keep/bear in mind bring/call to mind 重点合作探究 7 apart adj.& adv. 分开；散开(教材P52) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He took a radio apart yesterday but didn't know how to put it together again. 昨天他把一台收音机拆开了，但不知道怎么把它重新组装。 ②The twins look so much alike that I can't tell them apart. 这对双胞胎看上去这么像，以至于我无法分清他们。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：apart from/besides/except/except for apart from 既可以表示besides的含义，也可以表示except或except for的含义 besides “除……之外(还)”，除去的东西包括在范围内，相当于in addition to/as well as except “除……之外”，指从同类的人或物中排除 except for 表示从整体情况来看，要排除其中的部分特殊情况 重点合作探究 ①Apart from/Besides the price, we also need to think about where it is situated when buying a house. 买房子时，除了价格外，我们还要考虑房子的位置。 ②Your composition is well done except for/apart from a few spelling mistakes. 除了几处拼写错误外，你的作文写得不错。 重点合作探究 名师点津 表示“除……之外，此外”的短语还有：as well as, in addition to, other than, aside from等。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①To confuse two things means not to be able to tell them ________． ②Apart ________ them, I had no one to talk to. (2)用besides, except或except for代替下列句中的apart from ①Will there be anyone else we know at the party apart from Will and Janet？________ ②You can have any of the cakes apart from this one.________ ③The road was empty apart from a few cars.___________ apart from besides except except for 重点合作探究 (3)句型转换 The two sisters look so much alike that it is difficult to tell one from the other. →The two sisters look so much alike that it is difficult to ________________． tell them apart 重点合作探究 8 effective adj. 有效的，产生预期效果的(教材P52) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①We have taken effective measures to reduce the traffic jams in the city. 我们已经采取有效的措施来缓解城市交通拥堵。 ②Every word from the parents will have an effect on the child. 家长说的每句话都会对孩子产生影响。 ③The traffic laws won't take effect until the end of the year. 该交通法将于年底生效。 ④As President of Student Union, I want to organize my work more effectively. 作为学生会主席，我想更有效地组织我的工作。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①Collins has found out some ________ (effect) ways of mastering French words. ②Taking notes _________ (effect) can help us review knowledge better after class. ③Great scientific achievements will have a positive effect _______ our life as well as society. (2)单句表达 当地政府采取的措施将在下月生效。 The measures taken by the local government will __________________________ next month. effective effectively on come/go into/take effect 重点合作探究 9 stage n. 舞台；阶段(教材P52) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He was on stage for most of the comedy. 他在这部喜剧的大部分时间里都在舞台上表演。 ②She wanted to go on the stage from an early age. 她从小就想当演员。 ③The children are at different stages of development. 这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。 重点合作探究 名师点津 stage(舞台；阶段)，situation(情况；形势；处境；位置)，position(位置；处境)，case(情况), occasion (场合)等名词充当先行词时，如关系词在从句中作地点状语，常用where引导定语从句。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①________ every stage of life we take losses and grow in the process. ②________ the stage, he behaved strangely, such as tripping over a chair and being made fun of. ③You could get into a situation ________ you have to decide immediately. (2)单句表达 尽管有人嘲笑她胖，但这个女孩在舞台上表现出了强大的自信。 Although teased about her fatness, the girl ______________________________． At On where showed great confidence on the stage 重点合作探究 10 award vt. 授予；给予(教材P52) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①I do envy that you've got the first award. 我真羡慕你获得了一等奖。 ②He won an award for his wonderful performance in the show. 他因在这次演出中出色的表演而获奖。 ③The government awarded him a large sum of money for his good deeds. ＝The government awarded a large sum of money to him for his good deeds. 因他的善行，政府给予了他一大笔奖金。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：award/prize/reward award 指较为正式地或官方地颁发、授予、给予，也可以指法庭裁决给予奖励 prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中得奖 reward 多指对某人的工作或服务等的报答、酬谢。reward作名词时，常用give reward to sb；作动词时，常用reward sb (for sth) with sth 重点合作探究 ①A medal was awarded to him for his good conduct. 他因品行端正被授予奖章。 ②Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition. 参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。 ③Anyone who finds it will be rewarded. 任何找到它的人都会得到酬谢。 重点合作探究 (1)选词填空(reward/award/prize) ①I don't know how I can ________ your kindness. ②The Nobel ________ in physiology or Medicine was ________ to Tu Youyou in 2015. (2)句型转换 The headmaster awarded the winner a gold medal. →The headmaster _________________________ the winner. reward Prize awarded awarded a gold medal to 重点合作探究 11 honour n. 荣誉　vt. 感到荣幸(教材P53) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①We celebrate Mother's Day in honour of our mothers. 我们庆祝母亲节是为了向我们的母亲表示敬意。 ②It's a great pleasure to have the honour of making your acquaintance. 能认识您，我深感愉悦与荣幸。 ③It is a great honour to be invited to speak here. 很荣幸被邀请在这里发言。 ④She will be honoured for her work in promoting friendship between the two countries. 她会因在促进两国友谊方面所做的工作而受到尊敬。 ⑤I was honoured to have been mentioned in his speech. 他在讲话中提到了我，让我倍感荣幸。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①I have ________ honour of performing before you all. ②It's ________ honour for me to meet you. ③She is honoured ________ a model teacher. ④The foundation is holding a dinner ________ honour of something or other. the an as in 重点合作探究 (2)一句多译 我很荣幸代表我们公司参加这次会议。 ①I ___________________________________ the conference on behalf of our company. (honour) ②_______________________ the conference on behalf of our company.(honour) ③I __________________________ the conference on behalf of our company. (honoured) have the honour to attend/of attending It is my honour to attend am/feel honoured to attend 重点合作探究 12 recognition n. 表彰；赞扬(教材P53) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①Meanwhile, the city changes almost beyond recognition. 与此同时，这个城市变得几乎认不出来了。 ②Jack has changed so much that I can hardly recognize him. 杰克变化如此之大，以至于我几乎认不出他来。 ③We have to recognize that there are shortcomings in our work. 我们不得不承认我们的工作有缺点。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：recognize/know recognize “认出，辨认出”，非延续性动词 know “认识，熟悉”，延续性动词 重点合作探究 ①You have grown so tall that I scarcely recognize you. 你长得这么高，我几乎认不出你了。 ②I've never known you so cheerful. 我从来不知道你这么开朗。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①In the company, we know that he _____________ (recognize) as a strict leader. ②It has changed beyond all ____________ (recognize) in the past 20 years, a completely new one in front of me. ③We recognize him ________ (be) a hard－working and honest person. (2)选词填空(recognize/know) I have ________ him for several years, but now I can hardly ___________ him. is recognized recognition to be known recognize 重点合作探究 13 gain vt. 获得，赢得，取得；受益 n. 好处；利益(教材P53) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①The stepfather finally gained the children's respect. 这位继父终于赢得了孩子们的尊重。 ②He gained weight after recovery from his illness. 病好后他的体重增加了。 ③No pains, no gains. ＝No gains without pains. [谚语]不劳无获。 重点合作探究 易混辨析：gain/earn gain 指在斗争、竞争中做出很大努力而“获得”，所得的东西常具有一定的价值 earn 意为“赚得”，表示经过艰苦努力就能“得到” 重点合作探究 ①He finally gained the rank of colonel. 他最终获得了上校军衔。 ②He earned plenty of money last year. 去年他赚了很多钱。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 I gained a lot ________ my former experiences. (2)选词填空(gain/earn) ①The girl ________ her living by selling flowers now. ②The country ________ its independence ten years ago. from earns gained 重点合作探究 (3)单句表达 ①他们预计今年将获得10%的收益。 They see _________________________ this year. ②过多地食用高脂食物会导致长胖。 Eating too much fatty food could lead to _________________________________. a gain of 10%/a 10% gain　 gaining/putting on weight/weight gain 重点合作探究 14 The reason why this was difficult was that the team had limited resources.(教材P53) 之所以很困难是因为团队资源有限。 剖析 该句含有“The reason why ... is that ...”句型，其中why引导定语从句，that引导表语从句。 归纳 拓展 重点合作探究 ①The reason why/for which he was driving so fast was that he would be late for an important meeting. 他开得那么快是因为他去参加的一个重要会议快要迟到了。 ②The reason that/which he explained sounded true. 他解释的理由听起来可信。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①The reason for ________ I was late was that I missed the bus. ②The reason why he was late was ______ he got held up in the traffic on the way. (2)单句表达 他之所以缺席会议是因为他遇到了交通阻塞。 ________________ he was absent from the meeting ____________ he got stuck in the traffic. which that The reason why was that 重点合作探究 15 come across 偶然发现；偶遇(教材P53) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①He came across some old photos in the case. 他在箱子里偶然翻到了一些旧照片。 ②Can you tell me how the accident came about? 你能告诉我事故是怎样发生的吗？ ③He had seen them come out and get into the unmarked police car. 他看见他们出来了，然后上了没有标志的警车。 ④Something unexpected came up at the meeting yesterday. 昨天会议上发生了一些意外的事情。 重点合作探究 名师点津 （1）come across意为“（偶然）遇见，发现”时，属于及物动词短语，其后接人或物作宾语，不能用于被动语态。 （2）come across意为“被理解，被弄懂”时，属于不及物动词短语，其后不接宾语，不能用于被动语态。 重点合作探究 用come的相关短语填空 ①I ______________ Mary by chance while shopping downtown yesterday. ②How did it ______________ that humans speak so many different languages? came across come about 重点合作探究 16 advance n. 发展；进步(教材P53) 归纳拓展 重点合作探究 ①You would not have wasted so much time if you had planned well in advance. 你如果提前计划好，就不会浪费这么多时间了。 ②Students are asked to prepare material in advance of each weekly seminar. 学生要在上每星期的研讨课前准备好材料。 ③The course is suitable for beginners and advanced students. 这个课程适合初学者和进阶学生。 重点合作探究 (1)单句语法填空 ①They have made great ________ (advance) in protecting endangered wildlife. ②Our knowledge of the disease ___________ (advance) greatly over recent years. ③This ________ (advance) method has been introduced to every factory. (2)单句表达 ①This meeting room is a non－smoking area; I would like to warn you ____________ (提 前) that if you smoked here you would be fined. ②Their aircrafts were ________________ (比……先 进) those used by the US. advances has advanced advanced in advance in advance of 重点合作探究 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅰ.根据语境及汉语提示和首字母提示完成句子 1．China has been pushing the ________ (改革) of public hospitals for the benefit of all its citizens. 2．As the young ____________ (一代人), we have little experience and not enough funds. 3．When we ________ (钦佩) other people's success, we always forget that they have worked on this for a long time. 4．Judging from what he has just said, the company will reduce the _________ (员工)． reform generation admire staff 课堂效果检测（一） 5．We are aware of the ________ (潜在的) problems and have taken every precaution (预防). 6．His parents didn't want him to go on the s________． 7．Rich and g________， he donated two million dollars to the Red Cross. 8．When people need information, they can turn to the Internet for r________． 9．From 650 BC to 323 BC, the Greek civilization made a________ in various fields that have influenced the world ever since and will continue to do so. 10．The businessman has achieved great success in his c________， but as a father, he is a failure. potential tage enerous esources dvances areer 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅱ.单句语法填空 1．Absorbed in his writing, the writer always forgets to eat and sleep; his absorption in work is __________ (admire)． 2．________ the poor service of the hotel, the manager is reluctant to invest in sufficient training for his staff. 3．We know Mrs Jones is always the first ________ (help) anyone in trouble. 4．Our flight __________ (eventual) left five hours late. 5．Nowadays mobile Internet devices are pushing up demands for online education, which makes people see it as one of _________________ (promise) new market. admirable Despite to help eventually the most promising 课堂效果检测（一） 6．It was the opportunity I __________________ (wait) for my entire life. 7．Scientists have found evidence ________ global warming caused the world's first horses to become smaller nearly 50 million years ago. 8．Scientists around the world are working to discover a cure ________ AIDS. 9．The expert said pain relievers are safe and ___________ (effect) medicine. 10．Cars allowed, but parking is ________ (limit)． had been waiting that for effective limited 课堂效果检测（一） Ⅲ.选词填空 1．When walking down the street, I ____________ David who I hadn't seen for years. 2．The speaker explained these questions ____________． 3．But as a good student, ____________ those above, you should also be polite, friendly to others and ready to help others. came across have ... in mind; fight for; apart from; come across; one by one; along with; lead to; even though; in advance; according to one by one apart from 课堂效果检测（一） 4．After I'm gone, I hope they continue to ____________ equal justice. 5．These exchanges can open doors that may _________ larger, more meaningful comment on what's going on around you. 6．Like her mother, Irene was awarded a Nobel Prize, ___________ her husband, in 1935. 7．Perhaps the most important lesson to ____________ is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall well－being. fight for lead to along with have in mind 课堂效果检测（一） 8．With the help of the advanced technology, we are sure to complete the task ____________． 9．The teacher inspires his students to give their opinions actively ____________ they are different from his own. 10．What attitude does the author hold towards sugar ____________ the passage? in advance even though according to 课堂效果检测（一） 课时语法精讲—— “介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 课时语法精讲 语法体验 用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 1．In the corner, there is a garbage can ________ are pieces of garbage and waste paper. 2．David, we think, is the person ________ you should write. 3．The policeman ___________ Henry is talking in the office is a friend of mine. 4．Perhaps there is a reason ________ the house is in a mess. 5．This is the crowded playground ________ I often play football with my friends who love sports as much as I do. 6．I still remember those years ______________ I lived with him. in which to whom with whom for which on which during which 课时语法精讲 语法讲座 一、“介词＋关系代词”结构 定语从句中的介词有时可置于关系代词之前，形成“介词＋关系代词”结构。关系代词通常是which和whom，其中which指物，whom指人。 课时语法精讲 二、“介词＋which”在定语从句中的作用 “介词＋which”在定语从句中可作时间、地点、原因状语，相当于关系副词when, where, why。 She still remembers the day on which (＝when) she won the prize. 她仍然记得自己获奖的那一天。 This is the house in which (＝where) I lived two years ago. 这是我两年前住过的房子。 We didn't know the reason for which (＝why) he refused our help. 我们不知道他拒绝我们帮助的原因。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配不可分割时，那么该动词短语中的介词不能前置，如listen to, look at, look for, look into, depend on, make use of, pay attention to, take care of等。 This is the pen which I'm looking for. 这是我正在找的那支钢笔。 课时语法精讲 三、“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”在定语从句中的作用 介词前有时加名词、数词等，构成“名词/数词/不定代词＋of which/whom”结构，在定语从句中作主语。 English is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently. 英语是一种多元文化共享的语言，每一种文化都以不同的方式使用它。 I collected some books, the covers of which (＝whose covers/of which the covers) are yellow with years. 我收藏了一些书，它们的封面因年代久远都变黄了。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 “介词＋关系代词(which/whom)”中介词的确定是定语从句的重点和难点。 课时语法精讲 下面介绍一个办法：“一先，二动，三意义”。 “一先”，即根据先行词来确定介词。 The factory in which I'm working mainly produces computers. 我工作的工厂主要生产电脑。 (in which代替in the factory，表示“在工厂里”用介词in。) “二动”，即根据定语从句中的谓语动词来确定介词。 In the dark street, there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的街道上没有一个她可以求助的人。 (to whom代替to a person, turn to sb for help意为“向某人求助”。) 课时语法精讲 “三意义”，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5：30 pm, by which time many people have gone home. 在办公室里，直到下午5：30之后我似乎才有时间，到那时，许多人已经回家了。 课时语法精讲 四、“复合介词＋which”引导的定语从句 “复合介词＋which”引导定语从句时，常用逗号与先行词隔开，并且定语从句常用倒装语序。 He lived in a big house, in front of which stood a big tall tree. 他住在一幢大房子里，房前有一棵大树。 课时语法精讲 名师点津 “介词＋where”和“介词＋which”的用法不同，如：His head soon appeared out of the window, from where he saw nothing but trees.他的头很快从窗口露出来，从那儿除了树木他什么也看不见。(from where相当于from out of the window，而不是from the window) 课时语法精讲 五、“介词＋which”在先行词是way的定语从句中的用法 way(方式，方法)作先行词，后接定语从句时，若从句引导词在从句中作状语，则引导词用in which或that，引导词也可省略；此外当引导词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语时，引导词可用which/that。 I don't like the way (that/in which) you speak to your mother. 我不喜欢你跟你妈妈说话的方式。 The way which/that you told me yesterday doesn't work. 你昨天告诉我的方法不管用。 课时语法精讲 (1)用“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句合并句子 ①Liu Yang will never forget the day. She was carried into space by spaceship on that day. →________________________________________________________________________________ ②The store was broken into last night. My sister works in the store. →________________________________________________________________ Liu Yang will never forget the day on which she was carried into space by spaceship. The store in which my sister works was broken into last night. 课时语法精讲 ③The reason is that he was ill yesterday. He did not hand in his homework for that reason. →____________________________________________________________________________________ ④The English play was a great success.The students acted in it at the New Year's party. →_________________________________________________________________________________________ ⑤Who is the man? You shook hands with him just now. →________________________________________________________________ The reason for which he did not hand in his homework is that he was ill yesterday. The English play in which the students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. Who is the man with whom you shook hands just now? 课时语法精讲 (2)用适当的“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①This is a picture of Lei Feng ____________ we've learned a lot. ②To tell you the truth, the singer ____________ you are waiting won't come tonight. ③As we all know, the age ____________ children can go to school is seven. ④These are the visitors ____________ the man was too rude. ⑤He built a telescope ______________ he could study the sky in his free time. from whom for whom at which to whom through which 课时语法精讲 (3)单句表达 ①他向我们解释的方法非常简单。 The way ____________________________ was quite simple. ②他向我们解释这个句子的方法不难理解。 The way __________________________________________ was not difficult to understand. that/which he explained to us that/in which he explained the sentence to us 课时语法精讲 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅰ.单句语法填空(用适当的介词填空) 1．The athlete ________ whom the trophy is intended is not present today. 2．He did not tell us the reason ________ which he was late again. 3．This is the man ________ whom I learned about the news. 4．The plane ________ which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. 5．There is a big window ________ which I can see the railway station. for for from in through 课堂效果检测（二） 6．Many young people, most ________ whom were well－educated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. 7．China is the only country ________ which wild pandas can be found. 8．I'll never forget the village ________ which I spent my childhood. 9．In this room, we saw a big table ________ which there were all kinds of fruits. 10．This is the train ________ which we went to Shanghai. of in in on in/by 课堂效果检测（二） Ⅱ.单句表达(用适当的“介词＋关系代词”完成句子) 1．你能告诉我汽车出故障的原因吗？ Can you tell me the reason ___________________________？ 2．我仍然记得第一次来学校的那一天。 I still remember the day ________________________________. 3．我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。 The factory ________________ is a large one. 4．你能告诉我这件外套是给谁买的吗？ Could you tell me _________________________ this coat? for which the car broke down on which I first came to school in which I work for whom you've bought 课堂效果检测（二） 5．和我讲话的那个人是外国人。 The man ________________ was a foreigner. 6．那幢屋顶被损坏的房子现在已经修好了。 The house ______________________________ now has been repaired. 7．如果你们有什么事情需要征求我的意见，随时来找我。 If you have anything ______________________________， feel free to see me. 8．我给这些学生拍了一张照片，他们中间坐着一位老师。 I took a photo of the students, ________________________________． to whom I spoke of which the roof was damaged on which you want my opinions among whom was seated a teacher 课堂效果检测（二） 课后课时作业（一） Ⅰ　完形填空 A car crashed into my mother. My mother flew in the air and dropped with blood. She passed away. It was a __1__ for me. I can remember how I was standing at my mom's __2__， crying. I lost my mom, who __3__ me more than herself. Then there were __4__ nights, and I was thinking what I must do in my life. Because what my mom wanted from me was __5__， she wanted to have a successful son with a higher education. And one night I promised to do __6__ for my mom, to make her __7__． I decided to enter college to learn computer science. It was a fantastic __8__， and I still remember how I __9__ work the whole night and learn whole days! 课后课时作业（一） 128 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者因母亲车祸去世受到打击，但没有自暴自弃，而是奋发图强，最终成为一名成功人士。 Then came my first successful step. I won the __10__ in local programming competition when I was 21. After that, I started learning and practicing __11__． Today I'm a lecturer at two universities; today I have my own students, and they __12__ me; today I am __13__ and strong; today I know that my mom is proud of me. So never __14__， and never stop dreaming. Work hard, and you will be a successful person. You will __15__ crazy things！ 课后课时作业（一） 129 1．A.pride B．shock C．marriage D．score 2．A.smile B．will C．funeral D．belongings 解析：根据上文可知，作者的妈妈因车祸去世了，这对作者来说是一个打击(shock)。故选B。 解析：根据上下文可知，妈妈去世了，在妈妈的葬礼(funeral)上，作者痛哭一场。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 130 3．A.disappointed B．punished C．neglected D．loved 4．A.sleepless B．careless C．breathless D．useless 解析：句意：我失去了妈妈，那个爱(love)我胜过爱自己的妈妈。故选D。 解析：根据下文可知，作者考虑要做的事情，所以辗转反侧，难以入眠。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 131 5．A.success B．fashion C．wealth D．health 6．A.something B．nothing C．none D．everything 解析：下文中的“have a successful son with a higher education”是提示，此处表示妈妈想让作者成功。故选A。 解析： do everything for sb意为“为了某人全力以赴”。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 132 7．A.shamed B．proud C．wild D．tired 8．A.destination B．function C．field D．apartment 解析：根据上文可知，要让妈妈以作者为傲。故选B。 解析：作者决定上大学学习计算机科学，这是一个非常棒的领域(field)。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 133 9．A.would B．should C．might D．must 10．A.last B．worst C．middle D．first 解析： would可以表示“过去常常”。此处指作者现在还记得自己过去一直努力学习的样子。故选A。 解析：根据设空前“first successful step”可知，此处表示作者在当地编程比赛中得了第一名。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 134 11．A.gently B．deeply C．easily D．rarely 12．A.nurse B．murder C．respect D．prevent 解析：根据上文可知，作者在当地编程比赛中得了第一名，此处表示作者开始更深入地学习和练习。故选B。 解析：根据上文可知，作者在大学里讲课，他的学生很尊重(respect)他。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 135 13．A.advanced B．happy C．strict D．low 14．A.go away B．set off C．pass down D．give up 解析：根据上下文可知，与曾经的悲伤相比，现在的作者很幸福(happy)。故选B。 解析：根据作者的人生经历可知，作者告诉读者永远不要放弃(give up)。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 136 15．A.achieve B．greet C．treat D．forget 解析：句意：只要努力，你就能成为成功的人，就能实现(achieve)疯狂的事情。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 137 Ⅱ　阅读 A Incredible Women You Didn't Learn About in History Class Here are the stories of women you may not know about, but definitely should. ◆Maria Sibylla Merian Born in Germany in 1647, Merian was fascinated by insects, and she began collecting, studying, and drawing them when she was as young as 13. She was one of the few naturalists of her time to actually study live insects. It was through her study of caterpillars (毛毛虫) that she discovered the truth about their life cycles. Her work provided major contributions to the field of entomology (昆虫学)． 课后课时作业（一） 138 ◆Murasaki Shikibu Murasaki Shikibu, a Japanese woman, was widely considered to be the world's first novelist. She was a noble woman living in Japan around the year 1000 AD. She wrote a two－part novel called The Tale of Genji, which tells a riches－to－rags story about the son of a Japanese emperor forced to live as a common man. The Tale of Genji is widely considered to be a masterpiece of Japanese literature. 课后课时作业（一） 139 ◆Ada Lovelace Ada was working to design early computing machines that she hoped would be able to quickly solve math problems. In addition to designing this early computer program, she was also the first to suggest that these computers might be able to do more than, well, calculate. She imagined them doing everything, from producing images to composing music. 课后课时作业（一） 140 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四个有一定成就的女性。 ◆Lucy Stone Born in 1818, Stone married a fellow activist and changed her name, but decided to change it back a year later. She held the belief that “a wife should no more take her husband's name than hers”. She became the first American married woman to keep her maiden name for her entire life. Stone was also one of the founding members of the American Equal Rights Association and fought for the ending of slavery. 课后课时作业（一） 141 1．What can readers learn about from The Tale of Genji? A．Ancient Japanese culture. B．Development of computers. C．Research on living things. D．Modern life of Japanese women. 解析：推理判断题。根据Murasaki Shikibu部分中的第三句可知，The Tale of Genji(《源氏物语》)这部小说分为两部分，讲述了一位日本王子被迫像一个普通人一样生活。由此可推知，从这部小说中我们可以了解到古代日本文化。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 142 2．What do Maria Sibylla Merian and Ada Lovelace have in common? A．They were pioneers in computers. B．They devoted themselves to science. C．They created masterpieces of literature. D．They made progress in studying insects. 解析：细节理解题。根据Maria Sibylla Merian部分内容可知，Maria Sibylla Merian (玛丽亚·西比拉·梅里安)是极少数研究活体昆虫的博物学家，并为昆虫学做出了巨大贡献；根据Ada Lovelace部分内容可知，Ada Lovelace(阿达·洛芙莱斯)是早期解决电脑运算问题的电脑设计师。由此可知，Maria Sibylla Merian和Ada Lovelace的共同之处在于她们两个都致力于科学研究。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 143 3．Which of the following women fought for human rights? A．Lucy Stone. B．Ada Lovelace. C．Murasaki Shikibu. D．Maria Sibylla Merian. 解析：推理判断题。根据Lucy Stone部分内容可知，Stone(斯通)也是美国平等权利协会的创建者之一，并为结束奴隶制而战。由此可推知，美国第一位保留自己婚前姓氏的女性 Lucy Stone也在为争取人权而战。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 144 B Mohandas Gandhi, widely considered the father of his country, was the most important Indian political and spiritual leader of the 20th century. Gandhi was born into a middle－class Hindu family. In 1888, he traveled to England for further education. After graduation, he became a lawyer. At the age of 23, Gandhi worked for an Indian company offering guidance on legal problems in South Africa, where like many other Indians, he was treated unfairly. So he devoted himself to the fight for equal rights. He founded a community against European rulers and developed a political movement based on the methods of non－violent civil disobedience (非暴力不合作), which he called “satyagraha”． 课后课时作业（一） 145 In 1915, Gandhi returned to India and helped settle many local arguments, thus winning lots of respect throughout the country. India's most well－known writer, Rabindranath Tagore, gave Gandhi the title Mahatma (“Great Soul”). Gandhi himself, however, refused the honor even though within the Hindu culture, being called “Mahatma” is a symbol of great respect. From 1920－1922, he led a national “non－cooperation movement” calling upon Indians to stop cooperating with the British and become independent. 课后课时作业（一） 146 After World War Ⅱ， Gandhi was involved in the deliberations (审议) that led to India's independence. The same deliberations, however, also led to the separation of India into two countries: modern－day India (primarily for Hindus) and Pakistan (for Muslims). On January 30, 1948, Gandhi was murdered at the age of 78. The killer hated Gandhi for the separation of the country. 课后课时作业（一） 147 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Mohandas Gandhi (莫罕达斯·甘地)不平凡的一生，高度评价了他对印度独立所做的贡献以及对世界的影响。 Gandhi believed in the unity of all mankind under one god. He viewed life as a very long series of small steps towards his goals. By the time he died, India had finally become an independent country, free of British rule. Gandhi is remembered as a political leader, whose methods were later followed by many political leaders around the world. Gandhi is also remembered for his belief and practice to seek the true kindness of mankind. As such, he changed the world. 课后课时作业（一） 148 4．Which of the following best describes the structure of the passage? 解析：推理判断题。第一段Mohandas Gandhi被公认为印度国父，是20世纪印度最重要的政治和精神领袖。高度评价了Gandhi的一生；第二段、第三段和第四段按照时间顺序详细介绍了Gandhi 的一生；最后一段是对Gandhi一生的总结性评价，以及他对印度以及世界的巨大影响。由此可推知，整篇文章是总—分—总结构。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 149 5．How did Gandhi lead the Indian people to win the independence? A．By answering violence with violence. B．By keeping a close relationship with the British. C．By asking for more support from Britain. D．By fighting against the British rule in a peaceful way. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，他建立了一个反对欧洲统治者的共同体，并发展了以非暴力不合作方法为基础的政治运动。由此可知，Gandhi领导印度人民以和平方式反对英国的统治以赢得独立。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 150 6．What was Gandhi's attitude towards the title Mahatma? A．He himself thought highly of the title. B．He considered the title a symbol of power. C．He wasn't willing to accept the honor. D．He enjoyed the honor he deserved. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第三句“Gandhi himself, however ...a symbol of great respect.”可知，Gandhi不愿意接受“圣雄”头衔这一荣誉。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 151 7．What might be the best title for the passage? A．The Fight for Equal Rights B．The Road to Independence C．A Man of Great Soul D．A Deadly Deliberation 解析：标题判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，在印度文化里“Mahatma(圣雄)”是非常令人尊敬的象征，“圣雄”是对Gandhi为印度所做贡献的最高评价，“Mahatma”翻译成英文是“Great Soul”，由此可知，C项(一个有伟大灵魂的人)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 152 C David Warren, born in 1925, had great interest in science and engineering from childhood, and was studying for his amateur radio (业余无线电) license when a World War Ⅱ ban on hobby radio forced him to redirect his efforts to chemistry sets. He went on to earn a B．S. from the University of Sydney and a PhD in chemistry from Imperial College London. He then spent three years as a science officer at the Woomera Rocket Range, before joining the Aeronautical Research Laboratories (ARL). 课后课时作业（一） 153 In 1953, the ARL assigned him to a panel investigating two crashes of airplanes. Warren found his mind wandering to a device he had seen at a trade fair: the Minifon, a German device that was marketed as the first pocket recorder. The device was intended for businessmen, but Warren began thinking how useful it would be for airplanes. But when Warren described his new idea to his boss, he showed no enthusiasm. In 1955, he got a new boss named Tom Keeble, to whom he promoted the idea again. Keeble told Warren to outline specifications for a prototype (样机). The ARL contracted with Theon “Tych” Mirfield, a Melbourne­based instrument maker, to build the first working prototype, which was completed in 1958. 课后课时作业（一） 154 The response to the prototype was depressing. According to a 1998 account by Warren, civil authorities said that “Dr Warren's instrument has little immediate direct use in airplanes.” That critical reception might have affected the flight recorder. But Robert Hardingham, Secretary of the UK Air Registration Board, happened to see the prototype on an informal visit to the ARL, and he was so impressed that he arranged for Warren to fly to England to demonstrate it. 课后课时作业（一） 155 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了David Warren (戴维·沃伦)的学习经历和工作经历，还介绍了他发明飞行记录仪的过程。 Back in Australia, the ARL assigned Warren a team to update the prototype. The ARL system itself was never patented and never went into production, but the British firm of S. Davall & Sons approached the ARL for the production rights. The Davall “red egg” accident recorder eventually won a large share of the flight data recording market. 课后课时作业（一） 156 8．What did Warren do according to Paragraph 1? A．He gained a PhD from the University of Sydney. B．He showed interest in chemistry during childhood. C．He gave up his hobby due to a wartime ban. D．He worked as a science officer at the ARL. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“David Warren, born in 1925 ... his efforts to chemistry sets.(戴维·沃伦出生于1925年，从小就对科学和工程学感兴趣，在攻读业余无线电执照时，第二次世界大战对业余无线电的禁令迫使他将精力转向化学设备。)”可知，由于二战时期的禁令，Warren被迫放弃爱好并转而学习化学。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 157 9．What inspired Warren to develop his flight recorder? A．A German­designed machine for businessmen. B．A battery­powered device for airplanes. C．The two crashes of airplanes. D．The science fair of the ARL. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Warren found his mind ... it would be for airplanes.”可知，这台德国制造的给商人用的机器为他研发飞行记录仪提供了灵感。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 158 10．What was civil authorities' attitude toward Warren's flight recorder? A．Positive. B．Unfavorable. C．Contradictory. D．Unclear. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“According to a 1998 account ... direct use in airplanes.”可知，民政部门认为Warren的仪器在飞机上几乎没有直接用途，由此可推知，他们对Warren的飞行记录仪持不支持的态度。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 159 11．What do we know about Warren's prototype? A．It was patented by the ARL in 1958. B．It was designed by Theon “Tych” Mirfield. C．It was updated by Robert Hardingham. D．It was mass­produced by a British company. 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The ARL system itself ... the flight data recording market.”可知，英国公司S. Davall & Sons取得了Warren飞行记录仪原型机的生产权，并且赢得了飞行数据记录市场的很大份额，由此可推知，这家英国公司将原型机投入了大批量生产。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 160 D Bill Gates was born on October 28, 1955 in a rich family. Bill strongly believes in hard work. He believes that if you are intelligent and know how to apply your intelligence, you can achieve anything. From childhood Bill was ambitious, intelligent and competitive. These qualities helped him to achieve the top position in the profession he chose. In school, he had excellent records in mathematics and science. He used to be really bored in school and his parents knew it, so they always tried to feed him with more information to keep him busy. Bill's parents came to know about their son's intelligence and decided to send him to a private school, known for its intense academic environment. It was a very important decision for Bill, and it was there that he was introduced to a computer. 课后课时作业（一） 161 Bill Gates and his friends were very much interested in the world of programming and formed “Programmers Group” in 1968. Being in this group, they found a new way to apply their skills in University of Washington. In the next year, they got their first opportunity in an information company, in which they were selected as programmers. Soon afterwards, Bill and his close friend Allen started a new company of their own—Traf－O－Data. They developed a small computer to measure the traffic flow. From this project they earned around $20，000. The company Traf­O­Data came to an end when Bill left the college. In 1973, he left home for Harvard University. He studied law and mathematics there. He did well there, but he found them boring soon. Within a year, Bill dropped out from Harvard. Then he formed Microsoft. 课后课时作业（一） 162 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。Bill Gates (比尔·盖茨)是一位成功人士。他不相信运气，只相信勤奋和聪明才智才能让自己走向成功。 Bill is a person with big dreams and works very hard to achieve them. His belief in high intelligence and hard work has put him where he is today. He does not believe in luck but just hard work. He likes playing the game of risk and keeping the whole world under control. His beliefs are so powerful, which have helped him increase his wealth and his monopoly (垄断) in the industry. 课后课时作业（一） 163 12．Bill's parents sent him to a private school because ________． A．that school has computer lessons for students B．that school is more famous than the others C．it has a better academic environment D．Bill didn't work so hard at the public school 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第二句可知，Bill的父母之所以要送他去那所私立学校，是因为这所学校有着浓厚的学术氛围。故选C。 课后课时作业（一） 164 13．What can we learn about Bill from the passage? A．He dreamed of making more money at university. B．He didn't do well in his studies at university. C．He didn't get on well with others at university. D．He didn't have much interest in university classes. 解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“In 1973, he left home ... found them boring soon.”可知，Bill虽然在大学成绩优异，但他对所学课程不感兴趣。故选D。 课后课时作业（一） 165 14．What made Bill Gates so successful? A．His wealthy family. B．His intelligence and hard work. C．His university education. D．His great luck in life. 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，Bill Gates走向成功的因素有两个：一是他的聪明才智，二是他的勤奋和努力。故选B。 课后课时作业（一） 166 15．This text mainly tells us about ________． A．how Bill Gates becomes a success B．why people admire Bill Gates so much C．Bill Gates' family background D．Bill Gates' outstanding intelligence 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Bill Gates是如何获得成功的。故选A。 课后课时作业（一） 167 课后课时作业（二） Ⅰ　阅读 Dr Paul Farmer, who died unexpectedly at the age of 62 in Rwanda, was one of the most extraordinary people I have ever known. As co－founder of the global health organization Partners in Health, Paul spent more than 30 years changing the way health care is delivered in the poorest places on earth. Along the way, his fine mind, big heart, and continuous drive to do good inspired countless others to follow his example. 课后课时作业（二） 169 While still a student at Harvard Medical School in the 1980s, Paul and his colleagues opened a one－room clinic in remote Cange, Haiti, where they not only cared for locals, but trained a team of health workers to serve the surrounding areas. He lived there in a simple home with concrete floors, and no hot water, not so different from the adapted bus he grew up in with his parents in Florida. Within a few years, the clinic's work gained worldwide notice for bringing tuberculosis (肺结核) under control in the area. Today, Partners in Health operates 16 health institutions in Haiti, and employs a local staff of nearly 7，000. They also operate in 11 other countries, including Rwanda, where they partnered with the government to rebuild the nation's health system. Millions of people are served every year, most of whom live on less than a few dollars a day.　 课后课时作业（二） 170 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了全球卫生组织健康合作伙伴的联合创始人Paul Farmer (保罗·法默)在海地Cange创办诊所，控制住了肺结核，并改变了最贫困地区医疗服务方式的故事。 I'm honored to have worked closely with Paul. For 20 years, I watched him make a difference in the poorest places, even in the face of dysfunctional (功能失调的) politics and violence. Paul's passing is a huge loss to the world. But his voice still rings in our ears. All our lives are passing, but the purpose of living lasts: to lift others and enable them to live and work just as he did—with love, gratitude, and joy. 课后课时作业（二） 171 1．Which of the following best describes Paul? A．Careful and graceful. B．Kind and influential. C．Stubborn and sympathetic. D．Aggressive and adventurous. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段“Along the way ... to follow his example.”可知，Paul心怀善意为贫困人群带去了健康医疗的同时，也激励了无数人以他为榜样。由此可推知，Paul是一个善良又具有极强影响力的人。故选B。 课后课时作业（二） 172 2．What can we know about the clinic? A．It catches immediate worldwide attention. B．It is located in Paul's hometown. C．It is co－founded by Paul and the locals. D．It treats patients and trains health workers. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“While still ... surrounding areas.”可知，该诊所不仅治疗当地的病人，还培训了一批医疗工作者。故选D。 课后课时作业（二） 173 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段可知，本段讲述了Paul创办的诊所控制住了肺结核，其成立的组织还为其他国家人民服务。由此可推知，作者提及那些数据是想突出Paul为全球卫生事业做出的伟大贡献。故选D。 3．Why does the author mention the figures in Paragraph 4? A．To advocate cross－border cooperation. B．To indicate the difficulties Paul faces. C．To raise public concern about global health. D．To highlight Paul's contributions to global health. 课后课时作业（二） 174 解析：推理判断题。通读全文，尤其根据最后一段中的“All our ... with love, gratitude, and joy.”可推知，通过Paul为全球卫生事业做出贡献的故事，文章主要是想教会我们生命有限，但关爱他人却是永恒的道理。故选C。 4．What does Paul's story teach us? A．Well begun is half done. B．To live in the moment counts. C．Life is limited, yet kindness lasts. D．Health matters more than wealth. 课后课时作业（二） 175 Ⅱ　七选五 When I told my mother that I was taking up marathon (马拉松) running at the age of 60, she thought I was mad. I saw it as a way of keeping my physical and mental health as I entered my older years. __1__ I suppose that just highlights how my generation (一代人) have come to understand the value of self－care compared with our parents, who believed later life meant a less active one. __2__ I realised I needed to look after myself better so I started running on the seafront near my home, as well as in the gym. 课后课时作业（二） 176 When I was 59 I saw a 93－year－old being interviewed on TV, who was running the London Marathon, and I felt inspired (受到鼓舞的). With my sixties round the corner, I didn't want to sit back and let my health decline (衰退). __3__ I wanted to set myself goals.If a 93－year－old could run a marathon, so could I! Since then I've run 12 marathons—once a year. __4__ I have some diseases, but because I'm fit and strong I can manage the conditions and they don't stop me leading a normal life. __5__ I live a happy as well as interesting life. I want to live an active life and look after my body and health. 课后课时作业（二） 177 A．However, she was worried I was too old. B．And with a marathon every year, I'm never bored. C．I also didn't want time to pass without a clear purpose. D．I took up running in my mid－fifties because of ill health. E．My mother passed away earlier this year in her nineties. F．The influences on my physical health have been very big. G．My wife, three children and six grandchildren are proud of me. 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在一位93岁高龄的马拉松赛跑者的鼓舞下，于60岁开始跑马拉松的故事。 课后课时作业（二） 178 解析：根据上文可知，作者和母亲对待马拉松的看法不同，故用However连接。且根据下文中的“compared with our parents”可知，此处将作者和母亲的看法进行对比。故选A。 1．答案： A 解析：下文中的running呼应D项中的took up running。且根据下文中的“When I was 59 ... the London Marathon, and I felt inspired (受到鼓舞的)．”可知，开始跑步发生在跑马拉松之前，此时，作者刚开始跑步。故选D。 2．答案：D 课后课时作业（二） 179 解析： C项中的“I also didn't want time to”和上文中的“I didn't want to”在结构上构成并列关系，且C项中的a clear purpose 呼应下文中的set myself goals。故选C。 3．答案：C 解析：根据下文中的“because I'm fit and strong I can manage the conditions and they don't stop me leading a normal life”可知，跑马拉松对作者的健康有巨大的影响。故选F。 4．答案：F 课后课时作业（二） 180 解析：B项中的never bored呼应下文中的“I live a happy as well as interesting life.”。故选B。 5．答案：B 课后课时作业（二） 181 Ⅲ　语法填空 For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3，000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among __1__ was Zhang Zhifu, a 77－year－old public security volunteer. It's a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is __2__ (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege，” Zhang said. 课后课时作业（二） 182 To guarantee the __3__ (safe) of the palace, festival organizers __4__ (plan) this year's Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It's a fascinating event for visitors to absorb __5__ (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the Palace Museum's new look lit up social media following Tuesday's display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang __6__ (bring) many changes to __7__world's largest royal complex. Once in a speech the 64－year－old director shared his idea about how to make traditional __8__ (treasure) come alive again. “__9__ matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are __10__ people's daily lives，” he said. 课后课时作业（二） 183 1．________　2．________　3．________　4．________　5．________　 6．________　7．________　8．________　9．________　10．________ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节。 课后课时作业（二） 184 解析：考查定语从句的引导词。句意：大约3，000名幸运游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的治安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词visitors，引导词指人，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语。故填whom。 1．答案： whom 解析：考查词性转换。句意：张说：“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”此处应用副词作状语。故填truly。 2．答案：truly 课后课时作业（二） 185 解析：考查词性转换。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，策划今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the及of可知，设空处应用名词。故填safety。 3．答案：safety 解析：考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，应用现在分词作后置定语。故填planning。 4．答案：planning 课后课时作业（二） 186 解析：考查代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。absorb oneself in意为“集中注意力在……上”，设空处指代visitors。故填themselves。 5．答案：themselves 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据Since可知，应用现在完成时，主语Shan Jixiang是单数名词，谓语应用单数。故填has brought。 6．答案：has brought 课后课时作业（二） 187 解析：考查冠词。此处指世界上最大的皇家建筑群，形容词最高级前应用定冠词the。故填the。 7．答案：the 解析：考查名词。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的院长分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个。故填treasures。 8．答案：treasures 课后课时作业（二） 188 解析：考查主语从句的连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的并非游客的数量，而是它们与人们日常生活的紧密程度，”他说。what引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语，位于句首，单词首字母应大写。故填What。 9．答案：What 解析：考查介词。be close to意为“靠近，接近”。故填to。 10．答案：to 课后课时作业（二） 189 Ⅳ　读后续写 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Once upon a time, in a small town, a man stole some money from a house. The police began to look for the thief. After two days, they found him. They brought him to the police station and found some of the money in his coat. There was a new policeman at the police station, and they wanted to give him some work. 课后课时作业（二） 190 “Take this thief to the city，” said one of them. “You must go there by train. It will leave very soon. Don't be late.” The policeman and the thief went to the station. On their way, they came to a shop selling bread. “We have no food, and we must eat something on the train，” said the thief. “It's a long way to the city, and it will take a long time to get there. I'll go into this shop and buy some bread. Then you and I can eat it on the train. Wait here for me.” The policeman was happy. “At least I'll have some food on the train，” he thought. “Be quick！” he said to the thief. “We don't have much time.” 课后课时作业（二） 191 The thief went into the shop, and the policeman waited in the street for a long time. He began to worry. He thought about the train, and at last, he went into the shop. “Where's that man who came to buy some bread？” asked the policeman. “Oh, he went out of the back door，” said the shopkeeper. The policeman ran outside, but he could not find the thief. So, he had to go back to the police station and tell the others what had happened. They were very angry with him, and he was very unhappy. All the policemen in the town began to look for the thief again, and they soon caught him. They brought him back to the police station and called the same policeman. 课后课时作业（二） 192 The police officers at the police station told the new policeman to take the thief to the city again. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ The policeman lost the thief again. ﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍﹍ 注意： 1．续写词数应为150个左右； 2．请按如下格式在相应位置作答。 课后课时作业（二） 193 写前导读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在一个小镇上一位新上任的警察接到一项任务——将小偷押送到城里。后来，小偷借口买面包逃跑了。小镇上所有的警察再次将小偷抓住。这位警察被再次派任押送小偷到城里，这次小偷逃跑了吗？最终结果如何？ 课后课时作业（二） 194 [精彩范文] The police officers at the police station told the new policeman to take the thief to the city again. They said, “Be careful this time, and don't lose him again.” So, the policeman and the thief went to the station, and they came to the same shop. The thief told the policeman to wait outside, and he would go into the shop and buy some bread. But the policeman said, “You did that once already, and you ran away. This time, I'll go into the shop and buy the bread, and you must wait here for me.” 课后课时作业（二） 195 The policeman lost the thief again. All the police had to look again and finally caught the thief. However, the new policeman was asked a third time to take the same thief to the city. Finally, he did something clever. He took the thief with him to buy the food in order to keep him from running away. At last, he succeeded in taking the thief to the city. 课后课时作业（二） 196 R eq \b\lc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(run across,run into,happen to meet,meet ... by chance)) eq \b\lc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(,,,,,, “偶遇，恰巧碰到” ,,,,,)) $