Unit 3 Progress？（知识清单）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

Unit 3 Progress? 单词 1. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 2. billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 3. alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ adj.令人惊慌的 4. rate /reɪt/ n. 速度；进度；比率 5. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预言；预告；预报 6. chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 一系列，一连串；链子；锁链 7. hunt /hʌnt/ v. 打猎；猎杀 8. agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业；农学 9. figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n. 数字；人物 10. significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv.显著地；明显地 11. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 陌生的 12. youth /juːθ/ n. 青年，年轻人；青年时期 13. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 危及；对……构成威胁 14. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种 15. admit /ədˈmɪt/ v. 承认；允许进入 16. somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv. 不知为什么 17. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ n. 措施；方法；v. 测量 18. absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ adv. 绝对地 19. contrast /kənˈtrɑːst/ v. 对比；n. 对比 20. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v. 暗示；暗指 短语 1. make progress 取得进步 2. in progress 进行中；在开展 3. progress towards 朝着……取得进展 4. keep track of progress 跟踪进展；记录进度 5. slow down progress 减缓进展 6. accelerate progress 加速进展 7. hinder progress 阻碍进展 8. make steady progress 取得稳步进展 9. reflect on progress 反思进展；回顾成果 10. a sign of progress 进步的标志 熟词生义 • alarm：常见义为“n. 惊恐；惊慌；恐慌；警报器；闹钟”。生义为“v. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心”，如“The sudden noise alarmed the baby.”（突然的噪音把婴儿吓着了）。 • rate：常见义为“n. 速度；进度”。生义为“v. 评价；划分等级”，例如“People rate him as one of the best teachers in the school.”（人们评价他是学校里最好的老师之一）。 • chain：常见义为“n. 一系列（人或事）；链子；锁链”。生义为“v. 用锁链拴住；束缚”，如“He chained the dog to the tree.”（他把狗拴在树上）。 • figure：常见义为“n.（官方资料中的）数字”。生义为“v. 认为；计算；弄明白”，例如“I figure that he will be late.”（我认为他会迟到）。 • concerned：常见义为“adj. 关切的；关注的”。生义为“adj. 感兴趣的”，如“Are you concerned in this plan?”（你对这个计划感兴趣吗？） 句型 1. The + 名词 + is/are + 动词 -ing形式：表示“……正在……”，用于描述事物的发展变化等情况。例如：The number of endangered animals is decreasing at an alarming rate.（濒危动物的数量正以惊人的速度减少。） 2. 主语 + predict + that从句：意为“主语预测……”，用于表达对未来情况的预言或预告。例如：The weather station predicted that it would rain tomorrow.（气象站预报明天有雨。） 3. 主语 + rate + 宾语 + as + 名词/形容词：表示“主语把……评价为……”，用来对人或事物进行评价。例如：We rate him as one of the best.（我们认为他是最优秀者之一。） 4. It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.：“做某事是……的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如：It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.（要是我们有一个确切的数字反映这个国家到底有多少人没有工作就好了。） 5. be unfamiliar with sth.：表示“对……不熟悉”。例如：She is unfamiliar with the customs of this small town.（她对这个小镇的习俗不熟悉。） 6. threaten to do sth.：意思是“威胁要做某事”或“危及做某事”。例如：Pollution threatens to the survival of many marine species.（污染危及许多海洋物种的生存。） 7. take measures to do sth.：意为“采取措施做某事”。例如：The government has taken measures to reduce air pollution.（政府已采取措施减少空气污染。） 8. There + be + a significant + 名词 + between...and...：表示“在……和……之间有显著的……”，用于对比两者之间的差异。例如：There is a significant difference between the two plans.（这两个计划之间有显著差异。） 语法 现在分词作状语时，逻辑主语需与主句主语一致，表主动关系用doing，表被动关系用being done； 可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步等状语，相当于对应的状语从句省略形式； 否定形式直接在现在分词前加not。 一、词汇清单 知识点1 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 【教材原句】Climate change has become a global environmental problem.（气候变化已成为全球性环境问题。） 【拓展】 climatic adj. 气候的；与气候有关的 tropical climate热带气候 【写作佳句】The climatic conditions in this area are suitable for the growth of various crops.（这个地区的气候条件适合多种农作物生长。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 _ (climatic) changes have a great impact on human life.（答案：） The _ (climate) of this island is very pleasant.（答案：） We should take measures to deal with _ (climate) change.（答案：） 答案：Climatic climate climate 知识点2 billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 【教材原句】The universe is believed to contain billions of galaxies.（人们认为宇宙中包含数十亿个星系。） 【拓展】 billionth adj. 第十亿的；n. 十亿分之一 one billion十亿； billions of数十亿的 【写作佳句】Billions of people around the world are affected by poverty.（全世界数十亿人受到贫困的影响。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The company invested over one _ (billion) yuan in this project.（答案：） _ (billion) of stars twinkle in the sky at night.（答案：） China’s population reached the _ (billion) mark in the 1980s.（答案：） 答案：billion Billions billionth 知识点3 alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ adj. 使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的 【教材原句】The number of endangered animals is decreasing at an alarming rate.（濒危动物的数量正以惊人的速度减少。） 【拓展】 alarm n. 警报；恐慌；v. 使惊恐； alarmed adj. 感到惊恐的 alarming rate惊人的速度 【写作佳句】The alarming news spread quickly among the people.（这个令人惊恐的消息在人们中间迅速传播开来。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The _ (alarm) situation made everyone worried.（答案：） She was _ (alarm) by the sudden noise.（答案：） The _ (alarm) went off, and people rushed out of the building.（答案：） 答案：alarming alarmed alarm 知识点4 rate /reɪt/ n. 速度；进度；比率 【教材原句】The company's profits are increasing at a rate of 10% every year.（该公司利润正以每年10%的速度增长。） 【拓展】 rate v. 评价；划分等级； rated adj. 额定的；受评价的 growth rate增长率 【写作佳句】We should improve our work efficiency at a faster rate.（我们应该以更快的速度提高工作效率。） 【经典练】补全句子 The car was moving at a _ (rate) of 60 kilometers per hour.（答案：） Teachers usually _ (rate) students based on their exam results.（答案：） This is a highly _ (rate) movie that won many awards.（答案：） 答案：rate rate rated 知识点5 predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预言；预告；预报 【教材原句】The weather station predicted that it would rain tomorrow.（气象站预报明天有雨。） 【拓展】 prediction n. 预言；预测； predictable adj. 可预测的 predict sth. 预测某事； predict that... 预测…… 【写作佳句】It is difficult to predict what will happen in the future.（很难预测未来会发生什么。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 His _ (predict) about the team’s victory came true.（答案：） The ending of this story is _ (predictable)—we all guessed it.（答案：） Scientists _ (predict) that there will be more natural disasters in the coming years.（答案：） 答案：prediction predictable predict 知识点6 chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 一系列，一连串(人或事)；链子；锁链 【教材原句】A chain of accidents happened on the icy road yesterday.（昨天结冰的路面上发生了一连串事故。） 【拓展】 chain v. 用锁链拴住 a chain of一连串……； chain reaction连锁反应 【写作佳句】One mistake can lead to a chain of problems.（一个错误可能导致一连串的问题。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The prisoner was _ (chain) to the wall.（答案：） There was a _ (chain) of events that led to the war.（答案：） The _ (chain) reaction of the explosion was very powerful.（答案：） 答案：chained chain chain 知识点7 hunt /hʌnt/ v. 打猎；猎杀 【教材原句】Poachers often hunt rare animals for their fur and bones.（偷猎者常为获取皮毛和骨头而猎杀珍稀动物。） 【拓展】 hunter n. 猎人； hunting n. 打猎；搜寻 hunt for搜寻；寻找 【写作佳句】We should ban hunting wild animals to protect the ecological balance.（我们应该禁止猎杀野生动物以保护生态平衡。） 【经典练】单句语法填空/补全句子 The _ (hunt) caught a rabbit in the forest this morning.（答案：） They went _ (hunt) in the mountains during the holiday.（答案：） People should stop _ (hunt) endangered animals.（答案：） 答案：hunter hunting hunting 知识点8 agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业；农学 【教材原句】The country has made great progress in modern agriculture.（该国在现代农业领域取得了巨大进步。） 【拓展】 agricultural adj. 农业的；农学的 agricultural development农业发展 【写作佳句】Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.（农业是国民经济的基础。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The government has introduced new policies to support _ (agriculture) development.（答案：） _ (agriculture) is very important for a country’s food supply.（答案：） The _ (agricultural) products in this area are of high quality.（答案：） 答案：agricultural Agriculture agricultural 知识点9 figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n. （代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字 【教材原句】The official figures show that the unemployment rate has dropped.（官方数字显示失业率有所下降。） 【拓展】 figure v. 认为；计算；弄明白 official figures官方数字； figure out算出；弄明白 【写作佳句】We need to analyze these figures carefully to find out the trend.（我们需要仔细分析这些数字以找出趋势。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The _ (figure) show that the number of students has increased by 10%.（答案：） Can you help me _ (figure) out this math problem?（答案：） She _ (figure) that she could finish the work in two days.（答案：） 答案：figures figure figured 知识点10 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；明显地 【教材原句】The cost of living has increased significantly in the past five years.（过去五年，生活成本显著上涨。） 【拓展】 significant adj. 重要的；显著的； significance n. 重要性；意义 【写作佳句】The new policy has significantly improved the living conditions of the people.（新政策显著改善了人们的生活条件。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The _ (significant) of this event is beyond measure.（答案：） His speech had a _ (significant) impact on the audience.（答案：） The results of the experiment are _ (significantly) different from what we expected.（答案：） 答案：significance significant significantly 二、语法清单 现在分词作状语（The verb-ing form as the adverbial） 【感知·语法规律】 1. Working hard day and night, she made remarkable progress in her studies.（日夜努力学习，她在学业上取得了显著进步。）——伴随状语 2. Seeing the great changes in her hometown, she felt extremely proud.（看到家乡的巨大变化，她感到无比自豪。）——时间状语 3. Not knowing how to solve the technical problem, they turned to their teacher for help.（不知道如何解决这个技术难题，他们向老师求助。）——原因状语 4. He walked along the street, humming his favorite song.（他沿着街道走着，哼着他最喜欢的歌。）——伴随状语 5. Having finished their project ahead of schedule, the team members celebrated warmly.（提前完成了项目，团队成员们热烈庆祝。）——时间状语 【精讲·语法知识】 一、核心定义 现在分词（verb-ing form，含主动式 doing/being done、完成式 having done/having been done）作状语，用于修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表达时间、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等逻辑关系，是本单元重点语法（契合“进步”主题，高频用于描述动作过程、伴随状态及结果）。 二、主要功能及结构规则 1. 作时间状语 • 核心作用：相当于 when 引导的时间状语从句，说明动作发生的时间。 • 结构特点：可位于句首（用逗号隔开）、句中或句末；可加 while/when 强化时间逻辑。 • 关键要求：分词逻辑主语与主句主语一致，且与逻辑主语为主动关系（被动关系用 being done）。 2. 作原因状语 • 核心作用：相当于 because/since 引导的原因状语从句，解释动作发生的原因。 • 结构特点：多位于句首（用逗号隔开），也可置于句末；分词动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动关系（被动关系用 being done/having been done）。 3. 作让步状语 • 核心作用：相当于 though/although 引导的让步状语从句，表达转折关系。 • 结构特点：常位于句首（用逗号隔开）；可加 though/although 增强语气。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动或被动关系（被动用 being done）。 4. 作伴随状语 • 核心作用：描述主句动作发生时伴随的次要动作或状态，与主句动作同时进行。 • 结构特点：多位于句末（用逗号隔开）；不可置于句首（避免歧义）。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动关系，强调“同时发生”。 5. 作方式状语 • 核心作用：说明主句动作的实施方式，相当于 by doing 结构。 • 结构特点：可位于句首、句中或句末；常与 behave、act、speak 等动词搭配。 6. 作结果状语 • 核心作用：表示主句动作自然产生的结果（与不定式作结果状语的“意外结果”区分）。 • 结构特点：仅位于句末（用逗号隔开）；常用 thus/therefore 强化结果逻辑。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动关系，结果具有必然性。 三、形式变化（主动/被动/完成） 形式 用法场景 逻辑关系 doing 主动关系 + 与主句动作同时发生 主语主动发出分词动作 being done 被动关系 + 与主句动作同时发生 主语承受分词动作 having done 主动关系 + 分词动作先于主句动作 主语主动完成分词动作 having been done 被动关系 + 分词动作先于主句动作 主语承受已完成的分词动作 四、高频考点与易错点 1. 逻辑主语一致原则：分词逻辑主语必须是主句主语，否则需用独立主格结构（如：Weather permitting, we will go hiking.）。 2. 否定形式：直接在分词前加 not（如：Not knowing his address, I couldn’t contact him.）。 3. 与不定式作状语的区别：现在分词表“同时进行/自然结果/主动伴随”，不定式表“目的/意外结果/原因（修饰形容词）”。 4. 完成式的使用：仅当分词动作明显先于主句动作时，才用 having done/having been done（同时发生用 doing/being done）。 5. 固定搭配例外：judging from（根据……判断）、generally speaking（一般来说）等独立成分，逻辑主语可不与主句一致。 【经典练】　 1. ______ (realize) the importance of lifelong learning, many people keep studying in their spare time. 2. The students walked along the street, ______ (chat) happily about their school life. 3. ______ (not know) where to go, the little boy stood at the crossroads and cried. 4. The scientist devotes himself to his research, ______ (hope) to make a breakthrough in the field. 5. The old man sat in the sun, ______ (enjoy) the warm sunshine and gentle breeze. 6. ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball with his friends. 7. The girl fell off her bike, ______ (hurt) her knees badly. 8. ______ (face) difficulties, we should never give up but try our best to overcome them. 9. The teacher stood at the door, ______ (wait) for the late students. 10. ______ (not have) enough time, they had to put off the meeting till next week. 答案： 1. Realizing • 解析：考查现在分词作目的状语。逻辑主语“many people”与“realize”为主动关系，故用现在分词形式；句首首字母大写。 • 语法关联：现在分词作目的状语时，动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作，表主动意图。 2. chatting • 解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语“The students”与“chat”为主动关系，且“chat”与“walked”同时进行，故用现在分词形式。 • 语法关联：伴随状语强调主句动作发生时，附带发生另一个主动动作，常用逗号与主句隔开。 3. Not knowing • 解析：考查现在分词作原因状语（否定式）。逻辑主语“the little boy”与“know”为主动关系，否定式直接在现在分词前加“not”。 • 语法关联：现在分词作原因状语时，相当于“because/since + 从句”，表主动原因。 4. hoping • 解析：考查现在分词作目的状语。逻辑主语“The scientist”与“hope”为主动关系，“hope”表主句动作“devotes”的目的，故用现在分词形式。 • 语法关联：与不定式作目的状语相比，现在分词作目的状语更强调动作的伴随性和主动性。 5. enjoying • 解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语“The old man”与“enjoy”为主动关系，“enjoy”与“sat”同时进行，描述主句动作发生时的状态。 • 语法关联：伴随状语可还原为并列句，如“The old man sat in the sun and enjoyed the warm sunshine...”。 6. Having finished • 解析：考查现在分词完成式作时间状语。逻辑主语“he”与“finish”为主动关系，且“finish”动作发生在“went out”之前，故用“having + 过去分词”形式。 • 语法关联：现在分词完成式强调动作先于主句动作发生，表“先完成A，再做B”。 7. hurting • 解析：考查现在分词作结果状语。逻辑主语“The girl”与“hurt”为主动关系，“hurt”是“fell off”的自然结果，故用现在分词形式。 • 语法关联：现在分词作结果状语时，表主句动作引发的自然而然的结果，与不定式作结果状语（表意外结果）形成区别。 8. Facing • 解析：考查现在分词作时间/条件状语。逻辑主语“we”与“face”为主动关系，可还原为“When we face difficulties”，故用现在分词形式。 • 语法关联：现在分词作时间/条件状语时，相当于“when/if + 从句”，表主动语境下的时间或条件。 9. waiting • 解析：考查现在分词作伴随状语。逻辑主语“The teacher”与“wait”为主动关系，“wait”与“stood”同时进行，描述主句动作的状态。 • 语法关联：伴随状语常位于句末，用逗号隔开，补充说明主句动作的伴随情况。 10. Not having • 解析：考查现在分词完成式作原因状语（否定式）。逻辑主语“they”与“have”为主动关系，且“have”动作发生在“had to put off”之前，否定式为“not having + 过去分词”。 • 语法关联：现在分词完成式的否定式强调“先未完成A，导致后发生B”，表主动的先因后果。 1. 他坐在窗边，读着一本关于科技进步的书。 2. 由于对自己的成绩不满意，她决定更加努力学习。 3. 那个男孩跑着穿过操场，手里拿着一面红旗。 4. 我们沿着河边散步，欣赏着美丽的风景。 5. 听到这个令人兴奋的消息，学生们欢呼起来。 6. 如果努力工作，你就会在事业上取得很大进步。 7. 她转过身，发现一位老朋友站在门口。 8. 虽然知道任务很难，但他们还是接受了挑战。 9. 老师走进教室，脸上带着微笑。 10. 他们日复一日地练习，最终掌握了这项复杂的技能。 答案： 1. 答案：He sat by the window, reading a book about technological progress. • 解析：“读着一本书”作伴随状语，逻辑主语He与read为主动关系，用现在分词reading；“科技进步”译为technological progress，契合单元主题。 2. 答案：Not being satisfied with her own grades, she decided to study harder. • 解析：“对……不满意”作原因状语，逻辑主语she与be satisfied为被动关系，用being satisfied；否定形式not置于现在分词结构前。 3. 答案：The boy ran across the playground, holding a red flag in his hand. • 解析：“手里拿着红旗”作伴随状语，逻辑主语The boy与hold为主动关系，用现在分词holding；“穿过操场”译为run across the playground。 4. 答案：We walked along the river, enjoying the beautiful scenery. • 解析：“欣赏着美丽的风景”作伴随状语，逻辑主语We与enjoy为主动关系，用现在分词enjoying；“沿着河边”译为walk along the river。 5. 答案：Hearing the exciting news, the students cheered up. • 解析：“听到这个令人兴奋的消息”作时间状语，相当于When they heard...，逻辑主语the students与hear为主动关系，用现在分词hearing；“欢呼起来”译为cheer up。 6. 答案：Working hard, you will make great progress in your career. • 解析：“努力工作”作条件状语，相当于If you work hard，逻辑主语you与work为主动关系，用现在分词Working；“取得很大进步”译为make great progress，贴合单元主题。 7. 答案：She turned around, finding an old friend standing at the door. • 解析：“发现一位老朋友站在门口”作结果状语，逻辑主语she与find为主动关系，用现在分词finding；“转过身”译为turn around。 8. 答案：Knowing the task was difficult, they still accepted the challenge. • 解析：“虽然知道任务很难”作让步状语，相当于Though they knew...，逻辑主语they与know为主动关系，用现在分词Knowing；“接受挑战”译为accept the challenge。 9. 答案：The teacher walked into the classroom, wearing a smile on her face. • 解析：“脸上带着微笑”作伴随状语，逻辑主语The teacher与wear为主动关系，用现在分词wearing；“走进教室”译为walk into the classroom。 10. 答案：Practicing day after day, they finally mastered the complex skill. • 解析：“日复一日地练习”作方式状语，逻辑主语they与practice为主动关系，用现在分词Practicing；“掌握复杂技能”译为master the complex skill，呼应单元“进步”主题。 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 明确邮件目的：开篇直述咨询英国英语课程核心诉求（如课程时长、内容、费用）。 2. 简洁提供背景：简要说明自身情况（如年级、英语水平），助力对方精准回复。 3. 语言正式礼貌：用 "I am writing to enquire about..." "Could you please provide..." 等句式。 4. 结构清晰：分点列疑问（用序号/项目符号），结尾致谢并留联系方式。 【积累·写作素材】 一、开头句式（表明身份+说明来意） 1. I am [Your Name], a senior high school student from [Your School] in China. I am writing to enquire about the English courses offered by your institution in the UK, as I am planning to improve my English proficiency and gain international learning experience. 2. My name is [Your Name], and I am currently studying in Grade [Your Grade] at [Your School]. Having learned that your school provides high-quality English courses for international students, I am writing to seek detailed information about the programs available. 3. I am writing to make enquiries about the English language courses you offer in the UK. As an enthusiastic English learner who aims to make progress in both academic and communicative English, I am eager to know more about your course structure, duration, and admission requirements. 4. With the goal of enhancing my English skills and preparing for future academic pursuits, I am interested in the English courses provided by your institution. I am writing to ask for specific details regarding the course content, teaching methods, and tuition fees. 5. Dear [Recipient's Name/Admissions Office], I am [Your Name], a high school student from China. I have recently learned about your English courses in the UK through [Source, e.g., your official website/school recommendation] and would like to enquire about some key information to facilitate my application. 二、中间句式（具体咨询内容） 1. 课程基本信息 • Could you please inform me about the types of English courses available (e.g., general English, academic English, intensive courses) and their respective start dates and durations? • I would like to know the class size and teaching schedule of the courses, as well as whether there are any flexible options for students with different English levels. • Could you provide details about the course content, such as the focus on speaking, writing, listening, or reading, and whether there are any opportunities for practical application (e.g., field trips, language exchanges)? 2. 入学要求与申请流程 • What are the English proficiency requirements for applying to your courses? Do I need to submit standardized test scores (e.g., IELTS, TOEFL) or take an internal assessment? • Could you outline the application process, including the required documents (e.g., academic transcripts, recommendation letters, personal statements) and the deadline for submission? • Is there any age restriction for international students applying to your English courses? And how long does it usually take to receive an admission decision after submitting the application? 3. 费用与住宿 • Could you please provide information about the tuition fees for the courses, as well as any additional costs (e.g., registration fees, textbook fees, insurance)? • Are there any scholarship or financial aid opportunities available for international students? If so, what are the application criteria and procedures? • Does your institution offer accommodation options for international students (e.g., on-campus dormitories, homestays)? If yes, could you provide details about the accommodation fees and facilities? 4. 其他相关问题 • Would there be any support services provided for international students, such as airport pickup, visa application guidance, or academic counseling? • I am particularly interested in experiencing British culture while studying. Could you tell me if the course includes any cultural activities or excursions? • After completing the course, will students receive a certificate or any other recognition that is widely accepted? 三、结尾句式（表达感谢+期待回复） 1. Thank you for taking the time to read my email and provide the requested information. I would greatly appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience. Please feel free to contact me via [Your Email/Phone Number] if you need any further details. 2. I am looking forward to your prompt response and hope to have the opportunity to study at your institution. Thank you again for your assistance and support. 3. Your detailed reply will help me make an informed decision about my study plans. I sincerely appreciate your help and look forward to hearing from you soon. 4. Thank you in advance for your attention to my enquiries. If there are any brochures or additional materials about the courses, please feel free to send them to me. I am eager to learn more about your program. 5. I would be grateful if you could provide the information I need as soon as possible. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information from my side. Thank you for your kind cooperation. 【示例·分步写作】 中国进口博览会 (China International Import Expo，简称CIIE或进博会) 吸引了世界各国的企业来到上海。你是明启中学的学生李明，想代表学校在进博会假期中组织一支学生志愿者服务队。请起草一份策划案，内容包括： 1.你为什么要组建服务队？ 2.你的队伍能够提供哪些志愿者服务？ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Concerning the reasons why I want to build up this service team, I’d like to list some as follows. Above all, China International Import Expo attracts many businesses from all over the world, which is our honor. So it is our duty to offer considerate service to it. In addition, it is a good chance for us to strengthen our ability and widen our eyes. What can we do? On the one hand, we can give volunteer guide to foreigners. It will be a necessity because the site is too big and complex for foreigners. On the other hand, to help organize various activities is also a good idea. 【分析】这是一篇应用文，要求考生起草一份策划案，对代表学校在进博会假期中组织一支学生志愿者服务队进行一次策划。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：应用文 时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时,少量一般将来时。 结构：总分法 总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。 要求： 1.介绍你为什么要组建服务队? 2.介绍你的队伍能够提供哪些志愿者服务? 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） build up this service team; attracts many businesses; from all over the world; offer considerate service to it; strengthen our ability; widen our eyes; give volunteer guide; too big and complex; help organize various activities 第三步：连词成句 1. Concerning the reasons why I want to build up this service team, I’d like to list some as follows. 2. Above all, China International Import Expo attracts many businesses from all over the world, which is our honor. 3. So it is our duty to offer considerate service to it. 4. In addition, it is a good chance for us to strengthen our ability and widen our eyes. 5. On the one hand, we can give volunteer guide to foreigners. 6. It will be a necessity because the site is too big and complex for foreigners. 7. On the other hand, to help organize various activities is also a good idea. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：Above all 2.表并列补充关系：In addition 3.表转折对比关系： On the one hand…,On the other hand… 4.表因果关系：Because, So 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。 【点睛】[高分句型1]. Concerning the reasons why I want to build up this service team, I’d like to list some as follows.（why引导的定语从句） [高分句型2]. So it is our duty to offer considerate service to it.（it作形式主语） [高分句型3]. On the other hand, to help organize various activities is also a good idea.（to do不定式作主语） 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Progress? 单词 1. climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 2. billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 3. alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ adj.令人惊慌的 4. rate /reɪt/ n. 速度；进度；比率 5. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预言；预告；预报 6. chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 一系列，一连串；链子；锁链 7. hunt /hʌnt/ v. 打猎；猎杀 8. agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业；农学 9. figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n. 数字；人物 10. significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv.显著地；明显地 11. unfamiliar /ˌʌnfəˈmɪliə(r)/ adj. 陌生的 12. youth /juːθ/ n. 青年，年轻人；青年时期 13. threaten /ˈθretn/ v. 危及；对……构成威胁 14. extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ n. 灭绝，绝种 15. admit /ədˈmɪt/ v. 承认；允许进入 16. somehow /ˈsʌmhaʊ/ adv. 不知为什么 17. measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ n. 措施；方法；v. 测量 18. absolutely /ˈæbsəluːtli/ adv. 绝对地 19. contrast /kənˈtrɑːst/ v. 对比；n. 对比 20. imply /ɪmˈplaɪ/ v. 暗示；暗指 短语 1. make progress 取得进步 2. in progress 进行中；在开展 3. progress towards 朝着……取得进展 4. keep track of progress 跟踪进展；记录进度 5. slow down progress 减缓进展 6. accelerate progress 加速进展 7. hinder progress 阻碍进展 8. make steady progress 取得稳步进展 9. reflect on progress 反思进展；回顾成果 10. a sign of progress 进步的标志 熟词生义 • alarm：常见义为“n. 惊恐；惊慌；恐慌；警报器；闹钟”。生义为“v. 使惊恐；使害怕；使担心”，如“The sudden noise alarmed the baby.”（突然的噪音把婴儿吓着了）。 • rate：常见义为“n. 速度；进度”。生义为“v. 评价；划分等级”，例如“People rate him as one of the best teachers in the school.”（人们评价他是学校里最好的老师之一）。 • chain：常见义为“n. 一系列（人或事）；链子；锁链”。生义为“v. 用锁链拴住；束缚”，如“He chained the dog to the tree.”（他把狗拴在树上）。 • figure：常见义为“n.（官方资料中的）数字”。生义为“v. 认为；计算；弄明白”，例如“I figure that he will be late.”（我认为他会迟到）。 • concerned：常见义为“adj. 关切的；关注的”。生义为“adj. 感兴趣的”，如“Are you concerned in this plan?”（你对这个计划感兴趣吗？） 句型 1. The + 名词 + is/are + 动词 -ing形式：表示“……正在……”，用于描述事物的发展变化等情况。例如：The number of endangered animals is decreasing at an alarming rate.（濒危动物的数量正以惊人的速度减少。） 2. 主语 + predict + that从句：意为“主语预测……”，用于表达对未来情况的预言或预告。例如：The weather station predicted that it would rain tomorrow.（气象站预报明天有雨。） 3. 主语 + rate + 宾语 + as + 名词/形容词：表示“主语把……评价为……”，用来对人或事物进行评价。例如：We rate him as one of the best.（我们认为他是最优秀者之一。） 4. It + be + 形容词 + to do sth.：“做某事是……的”，it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如：It would be very nice if we had a true figure of how many people in this country haven't got a job.（要是我们有一个确切的数字反映这个国家到底有多少人没有工作就好了。） 5. be unfamiliar with sth.：表示“对……不熟悉”。例如：She is unfamiliar with the customs of this small town.（她对这个小镇的习俗不熟悉。） 6. threaten to do sth.：意思是“威胁要做某事”或“危及做某事”。例如：Pollution threatens to the survival of many marine species.（污染危及许多海洋物种的生存。） 7. take measures to do sth.：意为“采取措施做某事”。例如：The government has taken measures to reduce air pollution.（政府已采取措施减少空气污染。） 8. There + be + a significant + 名词 + between...and...：表示“在……和……之间有显著的……”，用于对比两者之间的差异。例如：There is a significant difference between the two plans.（这两个计划之间有显著差异。） 语法 现在分词作状语时，逻辑主语需与主句主语一致，表主动关系用doing，表被动关系用being done； 可作时间、原因、条件、伴随、结果、让步等状语，相当于对应的状语从句省略形式； 否定形式直接在现在分词前加not。 一、词汇清单 知识点1 climate /ˈklaɪmət/ n. 气候 【教材原句】Climate change has become a global environmental problem.（气候变化已成为全球性环境问题。） 【拓展】 climatic adj. 气候的；与气候有关的 tropical climate热带气候 【写作佳句】The climatic conditions in this area are suitable for the growth of various crops.（这个地区的气候条件适合多种农作物生长。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 _ (climatic) changes have a great impact on human life.（答案：） The _ (climate) of this island is very pleasant.（答案：） We should take measures to deal with _ (climate) change.（答案：） 知识点2 billion /ˈbɪljən/ n. 十亿 【教材原句】The universe is believed to contain billions of galaxies.（人们认为宇宙中包含数十亿个星系。） 【拓展】 billionth adj. 第十亿的；n. 十亿分之一 one billion十亿； billions of数十亿的 【写作佳句】Billions of people around the world are affected by poverty.（全世界数十亿人受到贫困的影响。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The company invested over one _ (billion) yuan in this project.（答案：） _ (billion) of stars twinkle in the sky at night.（答案：） China’s population reached the _ (billion) mark in the 1980s.（答案：） 知识点3 alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ adj. 使人惊恐的；令人惊慌的 【教材原句】The number of endangered animals is decreasing at an alarming rate.（濒危动物的数量正以惊人的速度减少。） 【拓展】 alarm n. 警报；恐慌；v. 使惊恐； alarmed adj. 感到惊恐的 alarming rate惊人的速度 【写作佳句】The alarming news spread quickly among the people.（这个令人惊恐的消息在人们中间迅速传播开来。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The _ (alarm) situation made everyone worried.（答案：） She was _ (alarm) by the sudden noise.（答案：） The _ (alarm) went off, and people rushed out of the building.（答案：） 知识点4 rate /reɪt/ n. 速度；进度；比率 【教材原句】The company's profits are increasing at a rate of 10% every year.（该公司利润正以每年10%的速度增长。） 【拓展】 rate v. 评价；划分等级； rated adj. 额定的；受评价的 growth rate增长率 【写作佳句】We should improve our work efficiency at a faster rate.（我们应该以更快的速度提高工作效率。） 【经典练】补全句子 The car was moving at a _ (rate) of 60 kilometers per hour.（答案：） Teachers usually _ (rate) students based on their exam results.（答案：） This is a highly _ (rate) movie that won many awards.（答案：） 知识点5 predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ v. 预言；预告；预报 【教材原句】The weather station predicted that it would rain tomorrow.（气象站预报明天有雨。） 【拓展】 prediction n. 预言；预测； predictable adj. 可预测的 predict sth. 预测某事； predict that... 预测…… 【写作佳句】It is difficult to predict what will happen in the future.（很难预测未来会发生什么。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 His _ (predict) about the team’s victory came true.（答案：） The ending of this story is _ (predictable)—we all guessed it.（答案：） Scientists _ (predict) that there will be more natural disasters in the coming years.（答案：） 知识点6 chain /tʃeɪn/ n. 一系列，一连串(人或事)；链子；锁链 【教材原句】A chain of accidents happened on the icy road yesterday.（昨天结冰的路面上发生了一连串事故。） 【拓展】 chain v. 用锁链拴住 a chain of一连串……； chain reaction连锁反应 【写作佳句】One mistake can lead to a chain of problems.（一个错误可能导致一连串的问题。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The prisoner was _ (chain) to the wall.（答案：） There was a _ (chain) of events that led to the war.（答案：） The _ (chain) reaction of the explosion was very powerful.（答案：） 知识点7 hunt /hʌnt/ v. 打猎；猎杀 【教材原句】Poachers often hunt rare animals for their fur and bones.（偷猎者常为获取皮毛和骨头而猎杀珍稀动物。） 【拓展】 hunter n. 猎人； hunting n. 打猎；搜寻 hunt for搜寻；寻找 【写作佳句】We should ban hunting wild animals to protect the ecological balance.（我们应该禁止猎杀野生动物以保护生态平衡。） 【经典练】单句语法填空/补全句子 The _ (hunt) caught a rabbit in the forest this morning.（答案：） They went _ (hunt) in the mountains during the holiday.（答案：） People should stop _ (hunt) endangered animals.（答案：） 知识点8 agriculture /ˈæɡrɪkʌltʃə(r)/ n. 农业；农学 【教材原句】The country has made great progress in modern agriculture.（该国在现代农业领域取得了巨大进步。） 【拓展】 agricultural adj. 农业的；农学的 agricultural development农业发展 【写作佳句】Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy.（农业是国民经济的基础。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The government has introduced new policies to support _ (agriculture) development.（答案：） _ (agriculture) is very important for a country’s food supply.（答案：） The _ (agricultural) products in this area are of high quality.（答案：） 知识点9 figure /ˈfɪɡə(r)/ n. （代表数量，尤指官方资料中的）数字 【教材原句】The official figures show that the unemployment rate has dropped.（官方数字显示失业率有所下降。） 【拓展】 figure v. 认为；计算；弄明白 official figures官方数字； figure out算出；弄明白 【写作佳句】We need to analyze these figures carefully to find out the trend.（我们需要仔细分析这些数字以找出趋势。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The _ (figure) show that the number of students has increased by 10%.（答案：） Can you help me _ (figure) out this math problem?（答案：） She _ (figure) that she could finish the work in two days.（答案：） 知识点10 significantly /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkəntli/ adv. 有重大意义地；显著地；明显地 【教材原句】The cost of living has increased significantly in the past five years.（过去五年，生活成本显著上涨。） 【拓展】 significant adj. 重要的；显著的； significance n. 重要性；意义 【写作佳句】The new policy has significantly improved the living conditions of the people.（新政策显著改善了人们的生活条件。） 【经典练】单句语法填空 The _ (significant) of this event is beyond measure.（答案：） His speech had a _ (significant) impact on the audience.（答案：） The results of the experiment are _ (significantly) different from what we expected.（答案：） 二、语法清单 现在分词作状语（The verb-ing form as the adverbial） 【感知·语法规律】 1. Working hard day and night, she made remarkable progress in her studies.（日夜努力学习，她在学业上取得了显著进步。）——伴随状语 2. Seeing the great changes in her hometown, she felt extremely proud.（看到家乡的巨大变化，她感到无比自豪。）——时间状语 3. Not knowing how to solve the technical problem, they turned to their teacher for help.（不知道如何解决这个技术难题，他们向老师求助。）——原因状语 4. He walked along the street, humming his favorite song.（他沿着街道走着，哼着他最喜欢的歌。）——伴随状语 5. Having finished their project ahead of schedule, the team members celebrated warmly.（提前完成了项目，团队成员们热烈庆祝。）——时间状语 【精讲·语法知识】 一、核心定义 现在分词（verb-ing form，含主动式 doing/being done、完成式 having done/having been done）作状语，用于修饰谓语动词或整个句子，表达时间、原因、让步、伴随、方式、结果等逻辑关系，是本单元重点语法（契合“进步”主题，高频用于描述动作过程、伴随状态及结果）。 二、主要功能及结构规则 1. 作时间状语 • 核心作用：相当于 when 引导的时间状语从句，说明动作发生的时间。 • 结构特点：可位于句首（用逗号隔开）、句中或句末；可加 while/when 强化时间逻辑。 • 关键要求：分词逻辑主语与主句主语一致，且与逻辑主语为主动关系（被动关系用 being done）。 2. 作原因状语 • 核心作用：相当于 because/since 引导的原因状语从句，解释动作发生的原因。 • 结构特点：多位于句首（用逗号隔开），也可置于句末；分词动作与主句动作同时发生或先于主句动作。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动关系（被动关系用 being done/having been done）。 3. 作让步状语 • 核心作用：相当于 though/although 引导的让步状语从句，表达转折关系。 • 结构特点：常位于句首（用逗号隔开）；可加 though/although 增强语气。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动或被动关系（被动用 being done）。 4. 作伴随状语 • 核心作用：描述主句动作发生时伴随的次要动作或状态，与主句动作同时进行。 • 结构特点：多位于句末（用逗号隔开）；不可置于句首（避免歧义）。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动关系，强调“同时发生”。 5. 作方式状语 • 核心作用：说明主句动作的实施方式，相当于 by doing 结构。 • 结构特点：可位于句首、句中或句末；常与 behave、act、speak 等动词搭配。 6. 作结果状语 • 核心作用：表示主句动作自然产生的结果（与不定式作结果状语的“意外结果”区分）。 • 结构特点：仅位于句末（用逗号隔开）；常用 thus/therefore 强化结果逻辑。 • 逻辑关系：分词与主句主语为主动关系，结果具有必然性。 三、形式变化（主动/被动/完成） 形式 用法场景 逻辑关系 doing 主动关系 + 与主句动作同时发生 主语主动发出分词动作 being done 被动关系 + 与主句动作同时发生 主语承受分词动作 having done 主动关系 + 分词动作先于主句动作 主语主动完成分词动作 having been done 被动关系 + 分词动作先于主句动作 主语承受已完成的分词动作 四、高频考点与易错点 1. 逻辑主语一致原则：分词逻辑主语必须是主句主语，否则需用独立主格结构（如：Weather permitting, we will go hiking.）。 2. 否定形式：直接在分词前加 not（如：Not knowing his address, I couldn’t contact him.）。 3. 与不定式作状语的区别：现在分词表“同时进行/自然结果/主动伴随”，不定式表“目的/意外结果/原因（修饰形容词）”。 4. 完成式的使用：仅当分词动作明显先于主句动作时，才用 having done/having been done（同时发生用 doing/being done）。 5. 固定搭配例外：judging from（根据……判断）、generally speaking（一般来说）等独立成分，逻辑主语可不与主句一致。 【经典练】　 1. ______ (realize) the importance of lifelong learning, many people keep studying in their spare time. 2. The students walked along the street, ______ (chat) happily about their school life. 3. ______ (not know) where to go, the little boy stood at the crossroads and cried. 4. The scientist devotes himself to his research, ______ (hope) to make a breakthrough in the field. 5. The old man sat in the sun, ______ (enjoy) the warm sunshine and gentle breeze. 6. ______ (finish) his homework, he went out to play basketball with his friends. 7. The girl fell off her bike, ______ (hurt) her knees badly. 8. ______ (face) difficulties, we should never give up but try our best to overcome them. 9. The teacher stood at the door, ______ (wait) for the late students. 10. ______ (not have) enough time, they had to put off the meeting till next week. 1. 他坐在窗边，读着一本关于科技进步的书。 2. 由于对自己的成绩不满意，她决定更加努力学习。 3. 那个男孩跑着穿过操场，手里拿着一面红旗。 4. 我们沿着河边散步，欣赏着美丽的风景。 5. 听到这个令人兴奋的消息，学生们欢呼起来。 6. 如果努力工作，你就会在事业上取得很大进步。 7. 她转过身，发现一位老朋友站在门口。 8. 虽然知道任务很难，但他们还是接受了挑战。 9. 老师走进教室，脸上带着微笑。 10. 他们日复一日地练习，最终掌握了这项复杂的技能。 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 1. 明确邮件目的：开篇直述咨询英国英语课程核心诉求（如课程时长、内容、费用）。 2. 简洁提供背景：简要说明自身情况（如年级、英语水平），助力对方精准回复。 3. 语言正式礼貌：用 "I am writing to enquire about..." "Could you please provide..." 等句式。 4. 结构清晰：分点列疑问（用序号/项目符号），结尾致谢并留联系方式。 【积累·写作素材】 一、开头句式（表明身份+说明来意） 1. I am [Your Name], a senior high school student from [Your School] in China. I am writing to enquire about the English courses offered by your institution in the UK, as I am planning to improve my English proficiency and gain international learning experience. 2. My name is [Your Name], and I am currently studying in Grade [Your Grade] at [Your School]. Having learned that your school provides high-quality English courses for international students, I am writing to seek detailed information about the programs available. 3. I am writing to make enquiries about the English language courses you offer in the UK. As an enthusiastic English learner who aims to make progress in both academic and communicative English, I am eager to know more about your course structure, duration, and admission requirements. 4. With the goal of enhancing my English skills and preparing for future academic pursuits, I am interested in the English courses provided by your institution. I am writing to ask for specific details regarding the course content, teaching methods, and tuition fees. 5. Dear [Recipient's Name/Admissions Office], I am [Your Name], a high school student from China. I have recently learned about your English courses in the UK through [Source, e.g., your official website/school recommendation] and would like to enquire about some key information to facilitate my application. 二、中间句式（具体咨询内容） 1. 课程基本信息 • Could you please inform me about the types of English courses available (e.g., general English, academic English, intensive courses) and their respective start dates and durations? • I would like to know the class size and teaching schedule of the courses, as well as whether there are any flexible options for students with different English levels. • Could you provide details about the course content, such as the focus on speaking, writing, listening, or reading, and whether there are any opportunities for practical application (e.g., field trips, language exchanges)? 2. 入学要求与申请流程 • What are the English proficiency requirements for applying to your courses? Do I need to submit standardized test scores (e.g., IELTS, TOEFL) or take an internal assessment? • Could you outline the application process, including the required documents (e.g., academic transcripts, recommendation letters, personal statements) and the deadline for submission? • Is there any age restriction for international students applying to your English courses? And how long does it usually take to receive an admission decision after submitting the application? 3. 费用与住宿 • Could you please provide information about the tuition fees for the courses, as well as any additional costs (e.g., registration fees, textbook fees, insurance)? • Are there any scholarship or financial aid opportunities available for international students? If so, what are the application criteria and procedures? • Does your institution offer accommodation options for international students (e.g., on-campus dormitories, homestays)? If yes, could you provide details about the accommodation fees and facilities? 4. 其他相关问题 • Would there be any support services provided for international students, such as airport pickup, visa application guidance, or academic counseling? • I am particularly interested in experiencing British culture while studying. Could you tell me if the course includes any cultural activities or excursions? • After completing the course, will students receive a certificate or any other recognition that is widely accepted? 三、结尾句式（表达感谢+期待回复） 1. Thank you for taking the time to read my email and provide the requested information. I would greatly appreciate it if you could reply at your earliest convenience. Please feel free to contact me via [Your Email/Phone Number] if you need any further details. 2. I am looking forward to your prompt response and hope to have the opportunity to study at your institution. Thank you again for your assistance and support. 3. Your detailed reply will help me make an informed decision about my study plans. I sincerely appreciate your help and look forward to hearing from you soon. 4. Thank you in advance for your attention to my enquiries. If there are any brochures or additional materials about the courses, please feel free to send them to me. I am eager to learn more about your program. 5. I would be grateful if you could provide the information I need as soon as possible. Please do not hesitate to contact me if you require any further information from my side. Thank you for your kind cooperation. 【示例·分步写作】 中国进口博览会 (China International Import Expo，简称CIIE或进博会) 吸引了世界各国的企业来到上海。你是明启中学的学生李明，想代表学校在进博会假期中组织一支学生志愿者服务队。请起草一份策划案，内容包括： 1.你为什么要组建服务队？ 2.你的队伍能够提供哪些志愿者服务？ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $