Unit 2 Roads to education v-ing和v-ed作定语（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教版2020必修第二册

Unit 2 Roads to education核心语法精练（v-ing和v-ed作定语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（最新真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The ____________ (break) window was repaired by the school staff yesterday. 2. Do you know the ____________ (speak) at the meeting? He is a famous educator. 3. The ____________ (excite) news made all the students jump with joy. 4. We visited a village ____________ (surround) by green mountains last weekend. 5. The ____________ (run) water in the river is clear enough to drink. 6. I have a friend ____________ (interest) in collecting old stamps. 7. The ____________ (burn) building was soon put out by the firefighters. 8. This is a book ____________ (write) by a young author from China. 9. The ____________ (frighten) child hid behind his mother when he saw the dog. 10. We need more ____________ (qualify) teachers to improve the education quality. 11. The ____________ (fall) leaves in autumn are like beautiful butterflies. 12. He is one of the students ____________ (select) to take part in the English competition. 13. The ____________ (puzzle) problem made all the students feel confused. 14. The ____________ (miss) boy was found safe and sound after two days' search. 15. She bought a ____________ (wound) bird and took care of it until it recovered. 16. The ____________ (bore) lecture made many students feel sleepy. 17. The ____________ (develop) countries are trying to catch up with the developed ones. 18. I received a letter ____________ (invite) me to attend the international education conference. 19. The ____________ (satisfy) look on her face showed that she had passed the exam. 20. The ____________ (rise) sun brings hope to all living things. 21. This is a story ____________ (base) on real events in the history of education. 22. The ____________ (disappoint) fans left the stadium after their team lost the game. 23. The ____________ (shock) accident taught us the importance of following traffic rules. 24. We should help the ____________ (disable) people in our daily life. 25. The ____________ (grow) population has become a serious problem in some countries. 26. He showed us a photo ____________ (take) during his trip to the countryside school. 27. The ____________ (tire) work made him feel exhausted after a long day. 28. The ____________ (inspire) speech encouraged all the students to study harder. 29. The ____________ (damage) bridge will be closed for repair next month. 30. Do you like the ____________ (paint) hanging on the wall of the classroom? 二、句型转换 1. The school that was founded in 1920 has a long history of promoting quality education. 2. The students who are studying in the online course show great enthusiasm for autonomous learning. 3. The teacher who is respected by all students devotes herself to educational innovation. 4. The books that were written by educational experts are popular among senior high students. 5. The project that is being carried out in our school aims to improve students' practical skills. 6. The lecture that was given by a famous professor inspired many students to pursue higher education. 7. The classroom that is equipped with advanced technology provides a better learning environment. 8. The teenagers who are facing educational choices need professional guidance. 9. The rules that were made by the school help maintain a good learning order. 10. The documentary that shows the development of education in rural areas is deeply moving. 11. The method that is adopted by most teachers proves effective in language teaching. 12. The students who have finished their homework can participate in the after-school activity. 13. The building that is being built will be our new school library. 14. The story that was told by the old teacher reflects the changes in education over the years. 15. The volunteers who are working in the education support program help poor children with their studies. 16. The inspiring speech delivered by the principal encouraged students to cherish their educational opportunities. 17. The students preparing for the college entrance examination are under great pressure. 18. The damaged textbooks need to be replaced before the new semester starts. 19. The educational policy announced by the government has benefited millions of students. 20. The teacher explaining the grammar points is very patient. 21. The developed educational system in this city attracts many foreign students. 22. The problem discussed in the class is related to students' career planning. 23. The children playing in the schoolyard are from the nearby primary school. 24. The published article analyzes the current situation of high school education. 25. The technology used in online teaching has been continuously updated. 26. The parents attending the parent-teacher meeting are concerned about their children's academic performance. 27. The abandoned school in the mountain village was rebuilt last year. 28. The data collected from the survey shows students' learning preferences. 29. The experts researching educational equity have put forward many valuable suggestions. 30. The broken desk in the classroom will be repaired tomorrow. 三、翻译句子 1. 我们参观了那个正在建设中的博物馆。（build） 2. 这是一本令人鼓舞的书，很多学生都喜欢。（inspire） 3. 被邀请的专家将在明天做报告。（invite） 4. 那个微笑的女孩是我们班的班长。（smile） 5. 我们应该关注受污染的河流和湖泊。（pollute） 6. 他给我们看了一些令人惊讶的照片。（surprise） 7. 这是一个由著名建筑师设计的建筑。（design） 8. 正在公园里散步的老人是我的爷爷。（walk） 9. 孩子们对有趣的故事很感兴趣。（interest） 10. 我们收到了一封手写的感谢信。（write） 11. 那个正在发言的教授来自北京大学。（speak） 12. 这是一部感人的电影，让很多人哭了。（move） 13. 被损坏的桥梁正在抢修中。（damage） 14. 墙上挂着一幅引人注目的画。（attract） 15. 他是一位经验丰富的医生，治愈了很多病人。（experience） 16. 正在讨论的问题非常重要。（discuss） 17. 我们需要一些志愿者来帮助组织活动。（volunteer） 18. 这是一个被遗忘的角落，很少有人来。（forget） 19. 那个唱歌的男孩有一副好嗓子。（sing） 20. 她买了一件中国制造的外套。（make） 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. An experiment in education Maria Montessori, an Italian physician and educator, developed a unique educational method 1.______ (base) on her observations of children. Her method, 2.______ (know) as the Montessori Method, emphasizes independence, freedom within limits, and respect for a child’s natural psychological development. In a Montessori classroom, children are free 3.______ (choose) activities that interest them, rather than 4.______ (force) to follow a fixed curriculum. Teachers act as guides, 5.______ (provide) materials and support instead of lecturing. The classroom is filled with hands-on materials 6.______ (design) to help children learn through exploration. One of the key principles of the Montessori Method is 7.______ (believe) that children have an innate desire to learn. Montessori’s experiment in education has inspired many schools around the world, 8.______ (change) the way people think about teaching and learning. Many studies have shown that Montessori-educated children often show better 9.______ (problem-solve) skills and greater confidence. Today, the Montessori Method is still widely 10.______ (practice) in both public and private schools. 2. The Geography Lesson One afternoon, a teacher walked into the classroom with a map of the world **1.______ (spread) out on a large table. She asked her students to gather around and look closely at the map. "Today," she said, "we’re going to learn about the geography of our planet, but not just through words—through 2.______ (experience) it ourselves." The teacher then told a story about a traveler who had journeyed across deserts, climbed mountains, and sailed 3.______ (cross) oceans. As she spoke, she pointed to different places on the map, her voice 4.______ (fill) with enthusiasm. The students listened 5.______ (careful), their eyes fixed on the map as if they were seeing the lands with their own eyes. Suddenly, a boy raised his hand and asked, "How can we be sure the map is accurate?" The teacher smiled and replied, "Maps are made by people who have explored these places—people 6.______ (devote) to recording the truth. But the most important thing is that geography isn’t just about lines on a map; it’s about the people, cultures, and stories 7.______ (connect) those places." She then divided the class into groups and gave each group a task: to create a small map of their hometown, 8.______ (mark) important places like schools, parks, and rivers. As the students worked, the classroom was filled with the sound of 9.______ (discuss) and laughter. They shared memories of places they loved, and in doing so, they began to understand that geography is a living subject—one that 10.______ (shape) by our own lives and experiences. 题型二 语篇语法填空（最新真题） A (24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as 1 person. It wasn’t until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential. Through my journey in college, I became a keen reader and writer, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the unhealthy environments I 2 (trap) in. I come from an abusive home and a neighborhood full of drug abuse and gun violence. I want to understand better 3 I used violence to solve my problems. I have found, however, that strangers stand between me and many of the books I want to read. Books, like everything an imprisoned person receives — personal mail, emails, photos, news and education materials-are checked by prison officials 4 (claim) that some books may contain racial hatred or description of violence. They banned us from reading President Barack Obama’s autobiography 5 (avoid) “potentially harmful to national security,” although the decision was reversed later. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison, from Don Miguel Ruiz to Angela Y. Davis, 6 (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person — someone 7 can live in society by adding to it, as opposed to taking from it. Without college and without access 8 books and materials that expanded my mind beyond the razor wire (铁丝网) and towering concrete walls, I 9 still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by the violence and harm that surround it. That’s not who I want to be 10 I leave this prison. It’s not who I want to see sent back into society. B (24-25高二上·上海上海中学分校·期中) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. Throughout the pandemic, we 1 (bury) in bad news, just dragging ourselves through the days. If we took a risk, it was often so ordinary: going to the grocery store, socializing with another human being in person. We spent so much cognitive energy trying to stay safe and keep up with events 2 we had little left to pursue the types of big, frightening-yet-exciting adventures that expand our lives. Now, it’s about time that we pushed ourselves outside of our comfort zone. Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with our self and others in a new way. Research shows that novelty activates our dopamine (多巴胺) system, which enhances our mood and positive outlook. New situations, especially ones that seem dangerous, also force us to confront our fear. This can boost our mood by making us feel 3 (stressed). You don’t have to free solo Yosemite’s El Capitan to reap benefits. Any adventure 4 you stretch yourself and learn something new counts. For some, it may be jumping out of a plane or scuba diving in Iceland. For others, trying a different workout or going out to dinner at a new place might do the trick. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice. Start small. The risks you’re up for now 5 look different from the ones you took before the pandemic. That’s OK. 6 manageable activity you choose to do this weekend will break your laziness, build your confidence, and help you pursue bigger adventures. Shift 7 you view anxiety. Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking 8 excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than 9 who tried to suppress their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. Tap into regret. It can be very motivating. Think about whether you’ll feel disappointed if you miss out on this interesting, expansive experience or glad you stayed home. “We tend 10 (regret) actions we don’t take rather than ones we do,” says Boardman, a psychologist. “So the fear of missing out can help you.” C (24-25高二上·上海大同中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It was a lovely day. When I sat down to dinner with my close friend of 21 years at our favorite restaurant, I was anticipating our usual cheerful get-together. Despite the fact that she was two years younger than me, Louise was like the elder sister I never had. Wise, clever and funny, she had always been a provider of great advice. We 1 (share) the best of times: holidays exploring the beaches of Hawaii and the mountains of the Arizona desert, as well 2 throwing some wild birthday parties and whiling away rainy Sunday afternoons at the cinema.   Within 15 minutes of 3 (seat), however, Louise was explaining the many reasons why she felt our friendship was in danger. I slipped into slow tears as she shared a list of my failures: bad-tempered; straightforward; ungrateful for her offering me a place to stay when I was in London. “You never used to be like this, and I don’t like it,” she continued. I listened, and eventually, I said I had to go and headed swiftly for the street. I was too shocked by what had happened 4 (process) it.   I needed time to reflect. But 5 the months went by, I came to see that Louise had been right in some of her complaints. And I admitted to myself that I had taken her for granted. The more I reflected 6 our friendship, the more I realized that it had been declining for a while. I realized she had been brave to confront me, and 7 it was, indeed, time to let our friendship die.   When Louise emailed me some months later to ask if we 8 try to fix things, I politely declined. Heartbreaking though it was at the time, it proved a significant turning point in the way I view friendships.   Louise did me a favor in showing me that some friendships simply run their course. 9 (found) at a certain stage in life — school, university, a job — some friendships can stop being relevant to our lives after those stages have come to a close. Nobody likes goodbyes, but just like clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe, 10 leaves space for exciting new items, letting go of friends who no longer fit in our current lives will leave space for fresh relationships that bring something richer to our lives. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Roads to education核心语法精练（v-ing和v-ed作定语） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 4 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 4 二、句型转换 8 三、翻译句子 11 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 13 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 13 题型二 语篇语法填空（最新真题） 14 一、单句语法填空（词汇句式全考查） 1. The ____________ (break) window was repaired by the school staff yesterday. 2. Do you know the ____________ (speak) at the meeting? He is a famous educator. 3. The ____________ (excite) news made all the students jump with joy. 4. We visited a village ____________ (surround) by green mountains last weekend. 5. The ____________ (run) water in the river is clear enough to drink. 6. I have a friend ____________ (interest) in collecting old stamps. 7. The ____________ (burn) building was soon put out by the firefighters. 8. This is a book ____________ (write) by a young author from China. 9. The ____________ (frighten) child hid behind his mother when he saw the dog. 10. We need more ____________ (qualify) teachers to improve the education quality. 11. The ____________ (fall) leaves in autumn are like beautiful butterflies. 12. He is one of the students ____________ (select) to take part in the English competition. 13. The ____________ (puzzle) problem made all the students feel confused. 14. The ____________ (miss) boy was found safe and sound after two days' search. 15. She bought a ____________ (wound) bird and took care of it until it recovered. 16. The ____________ (bore) lecture made many students feel sleepy. 17. The ____________ (develop) countries are trying to catch up with the developed ones. 18. I received a letter ____________ (invite) me to attend the international education conference. 19. The ____________ (satisfy) look on her face showed that she had passed the exam. 20. The ____________ (rise) sun brings hope to all living things. 21. This is a story ____________ (base) on real events in the history of education. 22. The ____________ (disappoint) fans left the stadium after their team lost the game. 23. The ____________ (shock) accident taught us the importance of following traffic rules. 24. We should help the ____________ (disable) people in our daily life. 25. The ____________ (grow) population has become a serious problem in some countries. 26. He showed us a photo ____________ (take) during his trip to the countryside school. 27. The ____________ (tire) work made him feel exhausted after a long day. 28. The ____________ (inspire) speech encouraged all the students to study harder. 29. The ____________ (damage) bridge will be closed for repair next month. 30. Do you like the ____________ (paint) hanging on the wall of the classroom? 答案： 1. broken：过去分词作定语，表“被打破的”，window与break为被动关系。 2. speaker：V-ing形式转化为名词，表“发言者”，符合“会议上的发言者”语境。 3. exciting：现在分词作定语，表“令人兴奋的”，修饰事物news，强调事物的性质。 4. surrounded：过去分词作定语，village与surround为被动关系，表“被群山环绕的村庄”。 5. running：现在分词作定语，表“流动的”，修饰water，强调动作正在进行。 6. interested：过去分词作定语，修饰人friend，表“感兴趣的”，be interested in为固定搭配。 7. burning：现在分词作定语，表“燃烧的”，building与burn为主动关系，强调动作正在进行。 8. written：过去分词作定语，book与write为被动关系，表“被写的书”。 9. frightened：过去分词作定语，修饰人child，表“感到害怕的”，强调人的感受。 10. qualified：过去分词作定语，表“合格的”，修饰teachers，符合“需要合格教师”语境。 11. falling：现在分词作定语，表“正在落下的”，leaves与fall为主动关系。 12. selected：过去分词作定语，students与select为被动关系，表“被选中的学生”。 13. puzzling：现在分词作定语，修饰事物problem，表“令人困惑的”，强调事物的性质。 14. missing：现在分词作定语，表“失踪的”，修饰boy，强调状态。 15. wounded：过去分词作定语，表“受伤的”，修饰bird，与wound为被动关系。 16. boring：现在分词作定语，修饰事物lecture，表“令人无聊的”，强调事物的性质。 17. developing：现在分词作定语，表“发展中的”，修饰countries，与develop为主动关系（正在发展）。 18. inviting：现在分词作定语，letter与invite为主动关系，表“邀请我参加会议的信”。 19. satisfied：过去分词作定语，修饰look（表情），表“感到满意的”，体现人的感受。 20. rising：现在分词作定语，表“正在升起的”，sun与rise为主动关系。 21. based：过去分词作定语，story与base为被动关系，be based on为固定搭配，表“基于真实事件的故事”。 22. disappointed：过去分词作定语，修饰人fans，表“感到失望的”，强调人的感受。 23. shocking：现在分词作定语，修饰事物accident，表“令人震惊的”，强调事物的性质。 24. disabled：过去分词作定语，表“残疾的”，修饰people，为固定表达the disabled（残疾人）。 25. growing：现在分词作定语，表“不断增长的”，修饰population，强调动作正在进行。 26. taken：过去分词作定语，photo与take为被动关系，表“被拍摄的照片”。 27. tiring：现在分词作定语，修饰事物work，表“令人疲惫的”，强调事物的性质。 28. inspiring：现在分词作定语，修饰事物speech，表“鼓舞人心的”，强调事物的性质。 29. damaged：过去分词作定语，bridge与damage为被动关系，表“被损坏的桥”。 30. painting：V-ing形式转化为名词，表“画作”，符合“墙上挂着的画作”语境。 二、句型转换 1. The school that was founded in 1920 has a long history of promoting quality education. 2. The students who are studying in the online course show great enthusiasm for autonomous learning. 3. The teacher who is respected by all students devotes herself to educational innovation. 4. The books that were written by educational experts are popular among senior high students. 5. The project that is being carried out in our school aims to improve students' practical skills. 6. The lecture that was given by a famous professor inspired many students to pursue higher education. 7. The classroom that is equipped with advanced technology provides a better learning environment. 8. The teenagers who are facing educational choices need professional guidance. 9. The rules that were made by the school help maintain a good learning order. 10. The documentary that shows the development of education in rural areas is deeply moving. 11. The method that is adopted by most teachers proves effective in language teaching. 12. The students who have finished their homework can participate in the after-school activity. 13. The building that is being built will be our new school library. 14. The story that was told by the old teacher reflects the changes in education over the years. 15. The volunteers who are working in the education support program help poor children with their studies. 16. The inspiring speech delivered by the principal encouraged students to cherish their educational opportunities. 17. The students preparing for the college entrance examination are under great pressure. 18. The damaged textbooks need to be replaced before the new semester starts. 19. The educational policy announced by the government has benefited millions of students. 20. The teacher explaining the grammar points is very patient. 21. The developed educational system in this city attracts many foreign students. 22. The problem discussed in the class is related to students' career planning. 23. The children playing in the schoolyard are from the nearby primary school. 24. The published article analyzes the current situation of high school education. 25. The technology used in online teaching has been continuously updated. 26. The parents attending the parent-teacher meeting are concerned about their children's academic performance. 27. The abandoned school in the mountain village was rebuilt last year. 28. The data collected from the survey shows students' learning preferences. 29. The experts researching educational equity have put forward many valuable suggestions. 30. The broken desk in the classroom will be repaired tomorrow. 答案： 1. 答案：The school founded in 1920 has a long history of promoting quality education. 解析：先行词the school与found为被动关系，用v-ed形式founded作定语，省略that was。 2. 答案：The students studying in the online course show great enthusiasm for autonomous learning. 解析：先行词the students与study为主动关系，用v-ing形式studying作定语，省略who are。 3. 答案：The teacher respected by all students devotes herself to educational innovation. 解析：先行词the teacher与respect为被动关系，用v-ed形式respected作定语，省略who is。 4. 答案：The books written by educational experts are popular among senior high students. 解析：先行词the books与write为被动关系，用v-ed形式written作定语，省略that were。 5. 答案：The project being carried out in our school aims to improve students' practical skills. 解析：先行词the project与carry out为被动关系，且表“正在进行”，用being done形式being carried out。 6. 答案：The lecture given by a famous professor inspired many students to pursue higher education. 解析：先行词the lecture与give为被动关系，用v-ed形式given作定语，省略that was。 7. 答案：The classroom equipped with advanced technology provides a better learning environment. 解析：先行词the classroom与equip为被动关系，用v-ed形式equipped作定语，省略that is。 8. 答案：The teenagers facing educational choices need professional guidance. 解析：先行词the teenagers与face为主动关系，用v-ing形式facing作定语，省略who are。 9. 答案：The rules made by the school help maintain a good learning order. 解析：先行词the rules与make为被动关系，用v-ed形式made作定语，省略that were。 10. 答案：The documentary showing the development of education in rural areas is deeply moving. 解析：先行词the documentary与show为主动关系，用v-ing形式showing作定语，省略that。 11. 答案：The method adopted by most teachers proves effective in language teaching. 解析：先行词the method与adopt为被动关系，用v-ed形式adopted作定语，省略that is。 12. 答案：The students having finished their homework can participate in the after-school activity. 解析：先行词the students与finish为主动关系，且表“完成”，用having done形式having finished。 13. 答案：The building being built will be our new school library. 解析：先行词the building与build为被动关系，且表“正在进行”，用being done形式being built。 14. 答案：The story told by the old teacher reflects the changes in education over the years. 解析：先行词the story与tell为被动关系，用v-ed形式told作定语，省略that was。 15. 答案：The volunteers working in the education support program help poor children with their studies. 解析：先行词the volunteers与work为主动关系，用v-ing形式working作定语，省略who are。 16. 答案：The inspiring speech that was delivered by the principal encouraged students to cherish their educational opportunities. 解析：delivered为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that was（先行词speech为物）。 17. 答案：The students who are preparing for the college entrance examination are under great pressure. 解析：preparing为v-ing形式，表主动进行，补充定语从句who are（先行词students为人）。 18. 答案：The textbooks that were damaged need to be replaced before the new semester starts. 解析：damaged为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that were（先行词textbooks为物）。 19. 答案：The educational policy that was announced by the government has benefited millions of students. 解析：announced为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that was（先行词policy为物）。 20. 答案：The teacher who is explaining the grammar points is very patient. 解析：explaining为v-ing形式，表主动进行，补充定语从句who is（先行词teacher为人）。 21. 答案：The educational system that is developed in this city attracts many foreign students. 解析：developed为v-ed形式，表被动完成，补充定语从句that is（先行词system为物）。 22. 答案：The problem that was discussed in the class is related to students' career planning. 解析：discussed为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that was（先行词problem为物）。 23. 答案：The children who are playing in the schoolyard are from the nearby primary school. 解析：playing为v-ing形式，表主动进行，补充定语从句who are（先行词children为人）。 24. 答案：The article that was published analyzes the current situation of high school education. 解析：published为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that was（先行词article为物）。 25. 答案：The technology that is used in online teaching has been continuously updated. 解析：used为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that is（先行词technology为物）。 26. 答案：The parents who are attending the parent-teacher meeting are concerned about their children's academic performance. 解析：attending为v-ing形式，表主动进行，补充定语从句who are（先行词parents为人）。 27. 答案：The school that was abandoned in the mountain village was rebuilt last year. 解析：abandoned为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that was（先行词school为物）。 28. 答案：The data that were collected from the survey shows students' learning preferences. 解析：collected为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that were（先行词data为复数）。 29. 答案：The experts who are researching educational equity have put forward many valuable suggestions. 解析：researching为v-ing形式，表主动进行，补充定语从句who are（先行词experts为人）。 30. 答案：The desk that was broken in the classroom will be repaired tomorrow. 解析：broken为v-ed形式，表被动，补充定语从句that was（先行词desk为物）。 三、翻译句子 1. 我们参观了那个正在建设中的博物馆。（build） 2. 这是一本令人鼓舞的书，很多学生都喜欢。（inspire） 3. 被邀请的专家将在明天做报告。（invite） 4. 那个微笑的女孩是我们班的班长。（smile） 5. 我们应该关注受污染的河流和湖泊。（pollute） 6. 他给我们看了一些令人惊讶的照片。（surprise） 7. 这是一个由著名建筑师设计的建筑。（design） 8. 正在公园里散步的老人是我的爷爷。（walk） 9. 孩子们对有趣的故事很感兴趣。（interest） 10. 我们收到了一封手写的感谢信。（write） 11. 那个正在发言的教授来自北京大学。（speak） 12. 这是一部感人的电影，让很多人哭了。（move） 13. 被损坏的桥梁正在抢修中。（damage） 14. 墙上挂着一幅引人注目的画。（attract） 15. 他是一位经验丰富的医生，治愈了很多病人。（experience） 16. 正在讨论的问题非常重要。（discuss） 17. 我们需要一些志愿者来帮助组织活动。（volunteer） 18. 这是一个被遗忘的角落，很少有人来。（forget） 19. 那个唱歌的男孩有一副好嗓子。（sing） 20. 她买了一件中国制造的外套。（make） 答案： 1. We visited the museum being built. 2. This is an inspiring book that many students like. 3. The invited experts will give a lecture tomorrow. 4. The smiling girl is the monitor of our class. 5. We should pay attention to the polluted rivers and lakes. 6. He showed us some surprising photos. 7. This is a building designed by a famous architect. 8. The old man walking in the park is my grandfather. 9. Children are interested in interesting stories. 10. We received a handwritten thank-you letter. 11. The professor speaking now is from Peking University. 12. This is a moving film that made many people cry. 13. The damaged bridge is being repaired urgently. 14. There is an attractive painting hanging on the wall. 15. He is an experienced doctor who has cured many patients. 16. The problem being discussed is very important. 17. We need some volunteering students to help organize the activity. 18. This is a forgotten corner where few people come. 19. The boy singing has a good voice. 20. She bought a coat made in China. 题型一 语篇语法填空（课文改编） 1. An experiment in education Maria Montessori, an Italian physician and educator, developed a unique educational method 1.______ (base) on her observations of children. Her method, 2.______ (know) as the Montessori Method, emphasizes independence, freedom within limits, and respect for a child’s natural psychological development. In a Montessori classroom, children are free 3.______ (choose) activities that interest them, rather than 4.______ (force) to follow a fixed curriculum. Teachers act as guides, 5.______ (provide) materials and support instead of lecturing. The classroom is filled with hands-on materials 6.______ (design) to help children learn through exploration. One of the key principles of the Montessori Method is 7.______ (believe) that children have an innate desire to learn. Montessori’s experiment in education has inspired many schools around the world, 8.______ (change) the way people think about teaching and learning. Many studies have shown that Montessori-educated children often show better 9.______ (problem-solve) skills and greater confidence. Today, the Montessori Method is still widely 10.______ (practice) in both public and private schools. 答案： 1. based（v-ed作定语）：be based on 为固定搭配，此处省略be动词，用过去分词短语作后置定语修饰method，表被动（方法“被基于”观察结果）。 2. known（v-ed作定语）：be known as 意为“被称为……”，此处为非谓语结构作后置定语，修饰method，逻辑上表被动关系。 3. to choose（不定式作宾语）：be free to do sth 为固定搭配，意为“自由做某事”，不定式作free的宾语。 4. being forced（动名词被动式）：rather than 连接并列结构，前文为“are free to choose”（主动），此处需保持结构一致，且children与force为被动关系，故用being forced。 5. providing（v-ing作伴随状语）：teachers与provide为主动关系，用现在分词短语作伴随状语，说明老师“充当引导者”的同时“提供材料和支持”。 6. designed（v-ed作定语）：materials与design为被动关系（材料“被设计”），用过去分词短语作后置定语，相当于定语从句that are designed。 7. believing（v-ing作表语）：此处为“主系表”结构，主语为principle，表语需用动名词形式，说明原则的具体内容。 8. changing（v-ing作结果状语）：Montessori’s experiment与change为主动关系，用现在分词短语作结果状语，表“实验激励全球学校”带来的自然结果。 9. problem-solving（合成形容词作定语）：“名词+现在分词”构成合成形容词，修饰skills，意为“解决问题的技能”。 10. practiced（v-ed作谓语动词的表语）：此处为被动语态（be + 过去分词），表示“蒙台梭利方法被广泛实践”，practiced为过去分词形式。 2. The Geography Lesson One afternoon, a teacher walked into the classroom with a map of the world **1.______ (spread) out on a large table. She asked her students to gather around and look closely at the map. "Today," she said, "we’re going to learn about the geography of our planet, but not just through words—through 2.______ (experience) it ourselves." The teacher then told a story about a traveler who had journeyed across deserts, climbed mountains, and sailed 3.______ (cross) oceans. As she spoke, she pointed to different places on the map, her voice 4.______ (fill) with enthusiasm. The students listened 5.______ (careful), their eyes fixed on the map as if they were seeing the lands with their own eyes. Suddenly, a boy raised his hand and asked, "How can we be sure the map is accurate?" The teacher smiled and replied, "Maps are made by people who have explored these places—people 6.______ (devote) to recording the truth. But the most important thing is that geography isn’t just about lines on a map; it’s about the people, cultures, and stories 7.______ (connect) those places." She then divided the class into groups and gave each group a task: to create a small map of their hometown, 8.______ (mark) important places like schools, parks, and rivers. As the students worked, the classroom was filled with the sound of 9.______ (discuss) and laughter. They shared memories of places they loved, and in doing so, they began to understand that geography is a living subject—one that 10.______ (shape) by our own lives and experiences. 答案： 1. spread（v-ed形式作宾语补足语） • 解析：with复合结构中，map与spread是被动关系（地图被展开），spread的过去式和过去分词同形，故填spread。 • 拓展：类似结构如“with the window closed”（窗户关着）。 2. experiencing（v-ing形式作介词宾语） • 解析：through是介词，后接动词-ing形式，故填experiencing。 • 关联课文主题：强调“通过亲身经历学习地理”，呼应“roads to education”的教育理念。 3. across（介词作状语） • 解析：sail across oceans表示“横渡大洋”，across强调“从表面穿过”，符合语境。 • 辨析：cross是动词，此处需介词，故不用cross。 4. filled（独立主格结构中v-ed形式作伴随状语） • 解析：独立主格“her voice filled with enthusiasm”中，voice与fill是被动关系（声音被充满热情），故填filled。 • 作用：生动描述老师讲课的状态，增强语境感。 5. carefully（副词修饰动词） • 解析：listen是动词，需用副词carefully修饰，表“认真地听”。 • 语法关联：形容词变副词的规则变化（careful→carefully）。 6. devoted（v-ed形式作定语） • 解析：people与devote是被动关系（人们致力于记录真相），devoted to sth表示“致力于……的”，作后置定语修饰people。 • 拓展：类似短语“be devoted to education”（致力于教育）。 7. connecting（v-ing形式作定语） • 解析：stories与connect是主动关系（故事连接这些地方），故用v-ing形式作后置定语，相当于定语从句“that connect those places”。 8. marking（v-ing形式作伴随状语） • 解析：create a map与mark important places是同时进行的动作，主语students与mark是主动关系，故填marking。 9. discussion（名词作介词宾语） • 解析：of后接名词，discuss的名词形式是discussion，此处为不可数名词，表“讨论”。 • 搭配：the sound of discussion（讨论的声音）。 10. is shaped（一般现在时的被动语态） • 解析：one指代subject（地理学科），与shape是被动关系（被塑造），结合语境用一般现在时，故填is shaped。 • 主题升华：呼应课文“地理学科由我们的生活和经历塑造”的核心观点。 题型二 语篇语法填空（最新真题） A (24-25高二上·上海浦东新区·期中) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. During my first decade in prison, I busied myself with exercising and hanging out in the big yard. I hardly grew as 1 person. It wasn’t until I began college in prison in my 30s that I started to realize my full potential. Through my journey in college, I became a keen reader and writer, striving to escape prison life by expanding my mind beyond the unhealthy environments I 2 (trap) in. I come from an abusive home and a neighborhood full of drug abuse and gun violence. I want to understand better 3 I used violence to solve my problems. I have found, however, that strangers stand between me and many of the books I want to read. Books, like everything an imprisoned person receives — personal mail, emails, photos, news and education materials-are checked by prison officials 4 (claim) that some books may contain racial hatred or description of violence. They banned us from reading President Barack Obama’s autobiography 5 (avoid) “potentially harmful to national security,” although the decision was reversed later. Practically every author I have encountered while in prison, from Don Miguel Ruiz to Angela Y. Davis, 6 (play) a role in my efforts to grow and become a better person — someone 7 can live in society by adding to it, as opposed to taking from it. Without college and without access 8 books and materials that expanded my mind beyond the razor wire (铁丝网) and towering concrete walls, I 9 still be wasting my time on the yard. My worldview would still be shaped by the violence and harm that surround it. That’s not who I want to be 10 I leave this prison. It’s not who I want to see sent back into society. 【答案】 1．a 2．had been trapped/was trapped 3．why 4．claiming 5．to avoid 6．has played 7．who 8．to 9．might 10．when 【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述读书和写作对作者一生的影响。 1．考查冠词。句意：作为一个人，我几乎没有成长。person为泛指，且是发音以辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。 2．考查谓语动词。句意：在我的大学旅程中，我开始从事阅读和写作，努力通过扩展我的思维，超越我被困的环境来逃离监狱生活。I ___2___ (trap) in是定语从句，先行词是environments，在从句中作介词in的宾语，连词that/which省略。这句话是描述过去是事情，主语I和动词trap是被动关系，所以用一般过去时的被动结构。也可以用过去完成时的被动结构，表示过去的过去发生的动作。故填had been trapped/was trapped。 3．考查宾语从句。句意：我想更好地理解为什么我用暴力来解决我的问题。引导宾语从句，从句缺少原因状语，故用why。故填why。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：书，就像囚犯收到的所有东西一样——私人信件、电子邮件、照片、新闻和教育材料——都被监狱官员检查，声称有些书可能包含种族仇恨或暴力描述。此处claim与officials构成主动关系，故用现在分词形式，故填claiming。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们禁止我们阅读巴拉克·奥巴马总统的自传，以避免“对国家安全造成潜在危害”，尽管这一决定后来被撤销。此处avoid在句中作目的状语，用不定式。故填to avoid。 6．考查时态。句意：实际上，我在狱中遇到的每一位作家，从Don Miguel Ruiz到Angela Y. Davis，都在我成长的过程中发挥了作用，帮助我成为一个更好的人——一个能在社会中生存的人，而不是从社会中吸取东西。表示过去的动作对现在产生影响用现在完成时，主语为every author，助动词用has。故填has played。 7．考查定语从句。句意：实际上，我在狱中遇到的每一位作家，从Don Miguel Ruiz到Angela Y. Davis，都在我成长的过程中发挥了作用，帮助我成为一个更好的人——一个能在社会中生存的人，而不是从社会中吸取东西。定语从句修饰先行词someone，在从句作主语，指人，故填who。 8．考查介词。句意：没有大学，没有书籍和材料，这些书籍和材料将我的思想扩展到了铁丝网和高耸的混凝土墙之外，我可能仍然在院子里浪费时间。短语access to表示“进入……的机会，接触……的机会”。故填to。 9．考查情态动词。句意：没有大学，没有书籍和材料，这些书籍和材料将我的思想扩展到了铁丝网和高耸的混凝土墙之外，我可能仍然在院子里浪费时间。表示对过去事情的推测且语气不是很肯定，所以要用情态动词might。故填might。 10．考查状语从句。句意：我离开监狱时可不想变成那样。引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候”用when。故填when。 B (24-25高二上·上海上海中学分校·期中) Directions: After reading the sentences below, fill in the blanks to make the sentence coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. Throughout the pandemic, we 1 (bury) in bad news, just dragging ourselves through the days. If we took a risk, it was often so ordinary: going to the grocery store, socializing with another human being in person. We spent so much cognitive energy trying to stay safe and keep up with events 2 we had little left to pursue the types of big, frightening-yet-exciting adventures that expand our lives. Now, it’s about time that we pushed ourselves outside of our comfort zone. Adventures expand our world by allowing us to engage with our self and others in a new way. Research shows that novelty activates our dopamine (多巴胺) system, which enhances our mood and positive outlook. New situations, especially ones that seem dangerous, also force us to confront our fear. This can boost our mood by making us feel 3 (stressed). You don’t have to free solo Yosemite’s El Capitan to reap benefits. Any adventure 4 you stretch yourself and learn something new counts. For some, it may be jumping out of a plane or scuba diving in Iceland. For others, trying a different workout or going out to dinner at a new place might do the trick. Ready for your adventure? Here’s some advice. Start small. The risks you’re up for now 5 look different from the ones you took before the pandemic. That’s OK. 6 manageable activity you choose to do this weekend will break your laziness, build your confidence, and help you pursue bigger adventures. Shift 7 you view anxiety. Research from Harvard University shows that people who interpreted their nervousness about activities such as karaoke singing and public speaking 8 excitement enjoyed the experiences more and performed better than 9 who tried to suppress their anxiety. This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset. Tap into regret. It can be very motivating. Think about whether you’ll feel disappointed if you miss out on this interesting, expansive experience or glad you stayed home. “We tend 10 (regret) actions we don’t take rather than ones we do,” says Boardman, a psychologist. “So the fear of missing out can help you.” 【答案】 1．have been buried 2．that 3．less stressed 4．where 5．might 6．A 7．how 8．as 9．those 10．to regret 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章指出疫情期间人们被坏消息和日常事务缠身，没精力追求冒险，现在应走出舒适区，通过冒险来扩展自己的世界，并提供了一些建议。 1．考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在整个疫情期间，我们被坏消息淹没，只能拖着自己度过这些日子。空处作句子的谓语，结合“Throughout the pandemic”可知，时态宜用现在完成时，表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响，be buried in“被埋在……中”是固定用法，应用被动语态，且主语是we，助动词应用have。故填have been buried。 2．考查结果状语从句。句意：我们花费了如此多的认知能量，试图保持安全，跟上事件的发展，以至于我们几乎没有精力去追求那些扩大我们生活的、令人恐惧但又令人兴奋的大冒险。空后为完整的句子，根据“so much cognitive energy”可知，此处用so… that…表示“如此……以至于……”，that引导结果状语从句。故填that。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：这可以通过减少压力来改善我们的情绪。根据“boost our mood”可知，此处指“感觉压力减轻”，应用比较级less stressed。故填less stressed。 4．考查定语从句。句意：任何能让你伸展自己、学到新东西的冒险都很重要。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adventure，先行词在从句中表示行为发生的地点，作地点状语，应用关系副词where作引导词。故填where。 5．考查情态动词。句意：你现在面临的风险可能看起来与大流行之前不同。空后为动词原形，结合“look different from the ones you took before the pandemic”可知，此处表示一种可能性，指“可能看起来与大流行之前不同”，宜用情态动词might表达一种较为委婉和不确定的推测。故填might。 6．考查冠词。句意：这个周末你选择做一项可控的活动，这会打破你的懒惰，建立你的自信，并帮助你追求更大的冒险。空处表示泛指，意为“一项可控的活动”，应用不定冠词，且manageable的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填A。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：改变你对焦虑的看法。空处引导名词性从句作Shift的宾语，结合后文的“This changed their threat mindset into an opportunity mindset.”可知，从句中缺少方式状语，空处需表达“怎样，如何”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。 8．考查介词。句意：哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK唱歌和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪解释为兴奋的人，比那些试图抑制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。动词短语interpret… as…意为“把……理解为……”。故填as。 9．考查代词。句意：哈佛大学的研究表明，那些将自己对卡拉OK唱歌和公开演讲等活动的紧张情绪解释为兴奋的人，比那些试图抑制焦虑情绪的人更享受这些经历，表现也更好。空处指代前面的people，为了避免重复，应用代词those。故填those。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：心理学家Boardman说：“我们更倾向于后悔我们没有采取的行动，而不是我们采取的行动。”动词短语tend to do sth.意为“倾向于做某事”，空处应用regret“后悔”的不定式形式。故填to regret。 C (24-25高二上·上海大同中学·期中) Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. It was a lovely day. When I sat down to dinner with my close friend of 21 years at our favorite restaurant, I was anticipating our usual cheerful get-together. Despite the fact that she was two years younger than me, Louise was like the elder sister I never had. Wise, clever and funny, she had always been a provider of great advice. We 1 (share) the best of times: holidays exploring the beaches of Hawaii and the mountains of the Arizona desert, as well 2 throwing some wild birthday parties and whiling away rainy Sunday afternoons at the cinema.   Within 15 minutes of 3 (seat), however, Louise was explaining the many reasons why she felt our friendship was in danger. I slipped into slow tears as she shared a list of my failures: bad-tempered; straightforward; ungrateful for her offering me a place to stay when I was in London. “You never used to be like this, and I don’t like it,” she continued. I listened, and eventually, I said I had to go and headed swiftly for the street. I was too shocked by what had happened 4 (process) it.   I needed time to reflect. But 5 the months went by, I came to see that Louise had been right in some of her complaints. And I admitted to myself that I had taken her for granted. The more I reflected 6 our friendship, the more I realized that it had been declining for a while. I realized she had been brave to confront me, and 7 it was, indeed, time to let our friendship die.   When Louise emailed me some months later to ask if we 8 try to fix things, I politely declined. Heartbreaking though it was at the time, it proved a significant turning point in the way I view friendships.   Louise did me a favor in showing me that some friendships simply run their course. 9 (found) at a certain stage in life — school, university, a job — some friendships can stop being relevant to our lives after those stages have come to a close. Nobody likes goodbyes, but just like clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe, 10 leaves space for exciting new items, letting go of friends who no longer fit in our current lives will leave space for fresh relationships that bring something richer to our lives. 【答案】 1．had shared 2．as 3．being seated 4．to process 5．as 6．on/upon 7．that 8．could/might 9．Founded 10．which 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要讲述了作者和多年的朋友见面后，意识到有时候需要放下一些友谊，为新的关系留下空间。 1．考查时态。句意：我们共同度过了最美好的时光：假期探索夏威夷的海滩和亚利桑那州沙漠的山脉，举办一些狂野的生日派对，在雨天的周日下午去电影院消磨时光。根据上文中的“It was a lovely day.”可知，这里share表示的动作发生在过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had shared。 2．考查连词。句意参考上题。根据空前的as well可知，这里为as well as固定搭配，意为“也，还”。故填as。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在就座后的15分钟内，Louise就在解释她觉得我们的友谊处于危险之中的许多原因。空处作介词of的宾语，应用动名词形式。be seated意为“就座”，所以这里应用动名词的被动式。故填being seated。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我对发生的事情太震惊了，无法处理它。too...to do...意为“太……而无法做……”。故填to process。 5．考查状语从句。句意：但随着时间的推移，我发现Louise的一些抱怨是对的。根据空后的“the months went by”可知，这里表示随着时间的推移，应用as(随着)引导时间状语从句。故填as。 6．考查介词。句意：我越思考我们的友谊，就越意识到它已经衰落了一段时间。reflect on/upon意为“认真思考”，为固定搭配。故填on/upon。 7．考查宾语从句。句意：我意识到她很勇敢地面对我，事实上，是时候让我们的友谊消亡了。and连接并列的宾语从句，空后的从句成分和意义完整，所以应用that引导。故填that。 8．考查情态动词。句意：几个月后，当Louise给我发电子邮件询问我们是否可以尝试解决问题时，我礼貌地拒绝了。根据空后的try可知，空处应用情态动词。if引导的是宾语从句，意为“是否”，这里表示委婉语气，询问是否可以/可能尝试解决问题，应用could(可以)或might(可能)。故填could/might。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在人生的某个阶段建立——学校、大学、工作——一些友谊在这些阶段结束后可能会与我们的生活失去相关性。空处应用非谓语动词，found和逻辑主语some friendships之间是动宾关系，所以应用过去分词作状语。故填Founded。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：没有人喜欢告别，但就像从衣柜里清理旧衣服，为令人兴奋的新物品留出空间一样，放下不再适合我们当前生活的朋友，将为新的关系留下空间，为我们的生活带来更丰富的东西。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面的clearing out old clothes from a wardrobe，且在从句中作主语，所以应用which。故填which。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $