被动语态（课件）-2025-2026学年人教新起点版（2012）英语六年级下册

被动语态精讲精练 从定义到应用，全面掌握被动语态核心知识点 目录/CONTENT 1. 被动语态的定义与本质 2. 被动语态的基本结构（8种核心时态） 3. 主动语态变被动语态的步骤与技巧 4. 被动语态的使用场景（何时用被动） 5. 被动语态的特殊情况（易错点突破） 6. 主动表被动的常见情况 7. 综合练习题（选择+句型转换+翻译） 8. 知识点总结 2 📚 被动语态的定义与本质 01 PART ONE 3 核心定义： 被动语态是动词的一种形式，用来强调**动作的承受者**（即动作的对象）， 而不是动作的执行者（主语）。 本质对比：主动语态 vs 被动语态 - 主动语态：主语 → 发出动作 → 宾语（动作承受者） - 被动语态：宾语（动作承受者）→ 成为主语 → 承受动作 1. 主动：We built this bridge last year.（我们去年建了这座桥） - 解析：主语“We”是动作“built”的执行者，宾语“this bridge” 是动作承受者 2. 被动：This bridge was built last year.（这座桥是去年被建造的） - 解析：主语“This bridge”是动作“was built”的承受者，动作执 行者“We”被省略（或用by引出） 被动语态： 句子：A cake was made by SpongeBob 一个蛋糕被海绵宝宝做出来了 被动语态：be+动词的过去分词 被动语态的核心是“承受动作”，当我们不需要提及、不知道或想强调动作承受者时，用被动语态 📚 被动语态结构 02 PART TWO 7 通用公式： 核心结构： 主语 + be 动词 + 及物动词过去分词（done） 主语（动作承受者） + be动词（随时态/人称变化） + 动词的过去分词（V-ed/V3） + （by + 动作执行者） 8 结构辨析练习 A. SpongeBob works at the Krusty Krab. （海绵宝宝在蟹堡王工作。→ 一般现在时，❌） B. I am watching SpongeBob. （我正在看海绵宝宝。→ 现在进行时，❌） C. The Krusty Krab sign was painted by Squidward. （蟹堡王的招牌被章鱼哥刷了漆。→ 被动语态，✅） D. Patrick and SpongeBob play jellyfishing. （派大星和海绵宝宝抓水母。→ 一般现在时，❌） 不同时态的被动语态 02 PART TOW designed ·P界达人 10 一般现在时被动语态 1. English is spoken in many countries.（英语在很多国家被使用） - 解析：主语“English”是动作“speak”的承受者；一般现在时，主语单数，be动词用“is”，“speak”的过去分词是“spoken” These books are made in China.（这些书是中国制造的） - 解析：主语“These books”是复数，be动词用“are”，“make”的过去分词是“made” - 注意：过去分词要和动词的不规则变化对应（如speak-spoken, make-made） 结构：am / is / are + 过去分词 11 一般过去时被动语态 1. The letter was sent yesterday.（这封信是昨天被寄出的） - 解析：一般过去时，主语“The letter”单数，be动词用“was”，“send”的过去分词是“sent” 2. The windows were broken by a little boy.（窗户被一个小男孩打破了） - 解析：主语“windows”复数，be动词用“were”，“break”的过去分词是“broken”，“by”引出动作执行者“a little boy” 结构：was / were + 过去分词 12 一般将来时被动语态 1. A new hospital will be built here next year.（明年这里将建一所新医院） - 解析：一般将来时，“will be + 过去分词built”，动作执行者未提及（无需强调） 2. The meeting is going to be held tomorrow morning.（会议将于明天上午举行） - 解析：“be going to be + 过去分词held”，主语“meeting”是“hold”的承受者 - 注意：will后必须加动词原形be，不能直接加过去分词（× will built / √ will be built） - 结构：will be + 过去分词 be going to be + 过去分词 13 现在进行时被动语态 1. The bridge is being repaired now.（这座桥现在正在被维修） - 解析：现在进行时，“is being + 过去分词repaired”，强调“此刻正在被动作” 2. My phone is being charged in the room.（我的手机正在房间里充电） - 易错点：不要漏掉“being”（× is repaired now / √ is being repaired now） am / is / are + being + 过去分词 14 过去进行时被动语态 1. The house was being painted at this time last week.（上周这个时候，这所房子正在被粉刷） - 解析：过去进行时，“was being + 过去分词painted”，强调“过去某一时刻正在被动作” 2. They were being questioned by the police when we arrived.（我们到达时，他们正在被警察询问） 结构：was / were + being + 过去分词 15 现在完成时被动语态 1. The work has been finished already.（工作已经被完成了） - 解析：现在完成时，“has been + 过去分词finished”，强调“动作已经完成，对现在有影响” 2. Many trees have been planted since last year.（自去年以来，很多树被种植了） - 注意：have/has后加been，再加过去分词（× has finished / √ has been finished） - 结构：have / has + been + 过去分词 16 过去完成时被动语态 1. The task had been completed before he came.（在他来之前，任务已经被完成了） - 解析：过去完成时，强调“过去的过去”，动作发生在“came”之前 2. She found that her bag had been stolen when she got home.（她回家时发现包已经被偷了） had + been + 过去分词 17 情态动词的被动语态 1. This problem can be solved easily.（这个问题可以被轻易解决） 2. The rules must be followed by everyone.（每个人都必须遵守这些规则） 3. These flowers should be watered every day.（这些花应该每天浇水） - 解析：情态动词后必须加动词原形be，再加过去分词（× must followed / √ must be followed） 结构： 情态动词（can / may / must / should / need等） + be + 过去分词 18 主动语态变被动语态 的步骤与技巧 03 PART THREE 19 核心步骤（四步法）： 1. 找宾语：找出主动句中的“动作承受者”（宾语），作为被动句的主语； 2. 变主语：将主动句的宾语提到句首，成为被动句的主语（注意人称代词的变化，如me→I, him→he）； 3. 变动词：主动句的谓语动词变为“be动词 + 过去分词”（be动词的时态、单复数与新主语一致）； 4. 加by短语：主动句的主语（动作执行者）变为“by + 执行者”，放在句末（可省略，当执行者不重要/未知时）。 主动句：Tom gave her a beautiful gift on her birthday. （汤姆在她生日时送了她一份漂亮的礼物） 步骤拆解： 1. 找宾语：动作“gave”的承受者是“a beautiful gift”（直接宾语）或“her”（间接宾语）； 2. 变主语（选直接宾语作主语）：A beautiful gift； 3. 变动词：主动句是一般过去时，新主语单数，be动词用“was”，“give”的过去分词是“given”→ was given； 4. 加by短语：by Tom； 被动句：A beautiful gift was given to her by Tom on her birthday. 一份漂亮的礼物在她生日时被汤姆送给了她 注意：双宾语的被动变法（两种）： - 主动：She taught us English.（她教我们英语） - 被动1（以间接宾语作主语）：We were taught English by her. - 被动2（以直接宾语作主语）：English was taught to us by her. 将下列主动句变为被动句 People use computers for many things. Computers are used for many things (by people). 一般现在时，宾语“computers”作主语（复数），be动词用“are”，“use”过去分词“used”，执行者“people”可省略。 将下列主动句变为被动句 They will finish the project in two weeks. The project will be finished in two weeks (by them). 一般将来时，“will be + finished”，时间状语“in two weeks”保留原位 被动语态的使用场景（何时用被动） 04 PART FOUR 25 场景1：不知道动作的执行者，或无法明确指出执行者 - 例句：The window was broken last night. 解析：不知道是谁打破的，无需提及执行者，用被动。 - 例句：A new law has been passed. 解析：执行者是“议会/政府”，无需明确指出，用被动。 26 场景2：强调动作的承受者（主语是重点） - 例句：Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1921. 解析：重点强调“爱因斯坦”（承受者），而非“诺贝尔奖委员会”（执行者）。 - 例句：This book was written by Mo Yan. 解析：重点突出“这本书”，执行者用“by”引出补充说明。 27 场景3：动作的执行者不重要，或在语境中已明确 - 例句：Letters are delivered every morning. 解析：执行者是“邮递员”，语境中明确，无需提及。 - 例句：The classroom must be cleaned before class. 解析：执行者是“学生/值日生”，不重要，重点在“教室被打扫”这个结果。 28 场景4：正式文体（如公文、新闻、科技论文等） - 例句：The report is submitted to the manager for approval. 解析：公文语气，客观强调动作，不提及执行者。 - 例句：The experiment was carried out successfully. 解析：科技论文常用，突出实验结果，而非实验者。 29 被动语态的特殊情况 （易错点突破） 05 PART FIVE 30 易错点1：不及物动词无被动语态 - 常见不及物动词：happen（发生）、occur（发生）、appear（出现）、disappear（消失）、arrive（到达）、come（来）、go（去）等。 - 错误例句：× What happened to him was surprised. - 正确表达： √ What happened to him was surprising. （他发生的事很令人惊讶） √ He was surprised at what happened. - 解析：happen是不及物动词，不能用于被动，需转换句式。 31 易错点2： (一）感官动词的被动用法 - 感官动词（see, hear, watch, notice, feel等）+ sb. + do sth. → 被动：sb. + be + 感官动词的过去分词 + to do sth.（要加to） - 主动：We saw him enter the building.（我们看见他进了大楼） - 被动：He was seen to enter the building.（他被看见进了大楼） - 解析：主动句中see后接省略to的不定式，被动句中必须还原to。 32 易错点2： (二）使役动词的被动用法 - 使役动词（make, let, have等）+ sb. + do sth. → 被动：sb. + be + 使役动词的过去分词 + to do sth.（要加to） - 主动：The boss made him work 10 hours a day.（老板让他每天工作10小时） - 被动：He was made to work 10 hours a day by the boss.（他被老板要求每天工作10小时） - 解析：make的主动句省略to，被动句必须加to；let的被动少见，常用be allowed to替代（× He was let to go / √ He was allowed to go）。 33 易错点3：带复合宾语的被动语态（宾语+宾语补足语） - 结构：主动句宾语 → 被动句主语；宾语补足语 → 保留原位（作主语补足语） 1. 主动：We keep the classroom clean.（我们保持教室干净） 被动：The classroom is kept clean.（教室被保持干净） 解析：宾语补足语“clean”保留，说明主语“classroom”的状态。 2. 主动：They elected him chairman.（他们选举他为主席） 被动：He was elected chairman.（他被选举为主席） 解析：宾语补足语“chairman”保留，作主语补足语。 34 易错点4：短语动词的被动语态（不能拆开短语） - 短语动词（动词+介词/副词）作谓语时，被动语态中需将短语视为整体，不能漏掉介词/副词。 1. 主动：We should take care of the old.（我们应该照顾老人） 被动：The old should be taken care of.（老人应该被照顾） 解析：take care of是短语动词，被动时不能漏掉of（× be taken care）。 2. 主动：They put off the meeting.（他们推迟了会议） 被动：The meeting was put off.（会议被推迟了） 解析：put off是短语动词，整体变被动，off不能省略。 35 主动表被动的常见情况（无需用被动） 06 PART SIX 36 情况1：某些系动词（look, sound, feel, taste, smell, seem, appear等）+ 形容词 - 含义：表示主语的“性质、状态”，主动形式表被动意义。 - 例句： 1. The flower smells sweet.（这朵花闻起来很香）→ 不是“被闻起来”，而是花本身的气味。 2. The cloth feels soft.（这块布摸起来很软）→ 布的质地，主动表被动。 3. The music sounds beautiful.（这首音乐听起来很美） 37 情况2：某些不及物动词（sell, wash, cook, write, read, open, close等）+ 副词（well, easily, quickly等） - 含义：表示主语的“性能、特征”，主动形式表被动意义。 - 例句： 1. This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅）→ 笔的性能，不是“被写”。 2. The books sell well.（这些书卖得好）→ 销售情况，无需用被动（× are sold well）。 3. The door opens easily.（这扇门开起来很容易）→ 门的状态，主动表被动。 38 情况3：need / want / require / deserve + doing（= need / want / require / deserve to be done） - 含义：表示“某物需要被……”，主动形式（doing）表被动意义。 - 例句： 1. The room needs cleaning. = The room needs to be cleaned.（这个房间需要打扫） 2. The machine requires repairing. = The machine requires to be repaired.（这台机器需要修理） 注意：主语必须是“物”（或表示“某事”），如果是人，需用to be done（× He needs helping / √ He needs to be helped）。 He deserves praising. = He deserves to be praised.（他值得被表扬） 39 情况2：某些不及物动词（sell, wash, cook, write, read, open, close等）+ 副词（well, easily, quickly等） - 含义：表示主语的“性能、特征”，主动形式表被动意义。 - 例句： 1. This pen writes smoothly.（这支笔写起来很流畅）→ 笔的性能，不是“被写”。 2. The books sell well.（这些书卖得好）→ 销售情况，无需用被动（× are sold well）。 3. The door opens easily.（这扇门开起来很容易）→ 门的状态，主动表被动。 40 综合练习 07 PART SEVEN 41 1. Many houses ______ in the flood last year. A. are destroyed B. were destroyed C. destroyed D. destroy 解析：一般过去时，主语“houses”是承受者，用被动语态（was/were + 过去分词），选B。 2. A new school ______ here next year. A. will build B. builds C. will be built D. is built 解析：一般将来时被动，will be + 过去分词，选C。 3. The baby ______ by her mother now. A. is being fed B. is feeding C. was fed D. feeds 解析：现在进行时被动，am/is/are + being + 过去分词，选A。 4. English ______ in most schools in China. A. teaches B. is teaching C. is taught D. taught 解析：一般现在时被动，主语单数，is + 过去分词，选C。 5. He ______ to the party yesterday. A. invites B. invited C. was invited D. is invited 解析：一般过去时被动，was + 过去分词，选C。 42 6. The problem ______ by the teacher now. A. discusses B. is discussing C. is being discussed D. discussed 解析：现在进行时被动，is being + 过去分词，选C。 7. These books ______ in the library for a long time. A. have kept B. have been kept C. kept D. are kept 解析：现在完成时被动，have been + 过去分词，选B。 8. The work ______ before you came. A. had finished B. has finished C. had been finished D. was finished 解析：过去完成时被动，had been + 过去分词，选C。 9. This task ______ in two hours. A. can finish B. can be finished C. finishes D. is finished 解析：情态动词被动，can be + 过去分词，选B。 10. The old man ______ to hospital immediately after the accident. A. took B. was taken C. has taken D. is taken 解析：一般过去时被动，was + 过去分词，选B。 43 将下列主动句变为被动句（每题2分，共5题） 1. 主动：People speak Chinese in China. 被动：__________________________ （答案：Chinese is spoken in China (by people).） 2. 主动：They are building a new road in the city. 被动：__________________________ （答案：A new road is being built in the city (by them).） 3. 主动：The teacher has explained the rules to us. 被动：__________________________ （答案：The rules have been explained to us by the teacher. / We have been explained the rules by the teacher.） 4. 主动：We must finish the work on time. 被动：__________________________ （答案：The work must be finished on time (by us).） 5. 主动：Someone stole my bike last night. 被动：__________________________ （答案：My bike was stolen last night (by someone).） 44 将下列被动句变为主动句 1. 被动：The letter was sent by Tom. 主动：__________________________ （答案：Tom sent the letter.） 2. 被动：A lot of trees will be planted on the hill. 主动：__________________________ （答案：People will plant a lot of trees on the hill.） 3. 被动：The children are being looked after by their aunt. 主动：__________________________ （答案：Their aunt is looking after the children.） 45 INDEFINITE PRONOUNS is spoken speaks spoke English in many countries. is spoken NEXT Click on the right can 1/12 will be built is built will build A new park ____________ next year. will be built NEXT 3/12 Click on the right can is being repaired being repaired is repaired The bridge ____________ now. is being repaired NEXT 4/12 Click on the right can is sent sent is sent The letter ____________ yesterday. is sent NEXT Click on the right can 2/12 must be followed must follow be must followed Rules ____________ by everyone. must be followed NEXT Click on the right can 5/12 have planted have been planted were planted Many trees ____________ since last month. have been planted NEXT Click on the right can 6/12 happened was happened is happened What ____________ to him last night? happened NEXT 7/12 Click on the right can must be taken must take must be take The old man ____________ good care of. must be taken NEXT 8/12 Click on the right can saw nothing was seen He ____________ to enter the room just now. was seen to NEXT 9/12 Click on the right can sells is sold are sold This kind of pen ____________ well. Nothing NEXT 10/12 Click on the right can had been finished had finished was finished The work ____________ before we arrived. had been finished NEXT 11/12 Click on the right can have been taught have taught are taught We ____________ English for three years. have been taught EXIT 12/12 Click on the right can 知识点总结 08 PART EIGHT 59 易错点回顾： 1. 不及物动词无被动（happen, occur等）； 2. 感官/使役动词被动需加to（see sb. do → sb. be seen to do）； 3. 短语动词被动不拆短语（take care of → be taken care of）； 4. 主动表被动情况（sell well, need cleaning等）。 60 核心公式（必记）： 被动语态 = 主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + （by + 执行者） - 一般现在：am/is/are + done - 一般过去：was/were + done - 一般将来：will be + done - 进行时：am/is/are/was/were + being + done - 完成时：have/has/had + been + done - 情态动词：can/may/must + be + done 61 口诀     口诀： 被动语态不难记，be加分词是核心； 时态体现在be上，人称单复要对应； 执行者前加by字，无需强调可省略； 特殊情况要牢记，主动表被动别混淆。 62 Bye~ 63 $