Unit 3 Period 4 Reading for Writing（分层作业）英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 3 Period 4 Reading for Writing分层练习 1 一、根据首字母拼写单词 1 二、单句语法填空 2 4 一、句型转换 4 二、语法填空 5 7 一、阅读理解 7 二、七选五 11 三、书面表达 12 14 一、写作素材积累 14 二、写作素材检测 15 一、根据首字母拼写单词 1．It u me that I don’t know enough words and my grammar is also poor. 2．I was still f (well-known or easily recognized) with the streets of my hometown, even after years of living abroad. 3．The marketing strategy was t at increasing brand awareness. 4．Don’t be so curious. There is nothing p in the letter. （根据首字母单词拼写） 5．Pointing at others with your finger is often regarded as r behaviour in many cultures. 6．Please c the Download button below to begin downloading the software. 7．His words gave us the f impression that he would lend us money, but he would not. 8．It was e to realize I had been pronouncing that word incorrectly all these years. 【答案】 1．upsets/psets 【详解】考查动词、时态和主谓一致。句意：我词汇量不够，语法也不好，这让我很心烦。根据首字母“u”和句意“让……心烦”可知，此处应用动词upset，表示“使心烦”；根据that从句中don’t know及语境可知，句子描述的是一种常态，应用一般现在时，主语It为第三人称单数，谓语动词upset应用第三人称单数形式。故填upsets。 2．familiar/amiliar 【详解】考查形容词。句意：即使在国外生活了多年，我仍然熟悉家乡的街道。根据“well-known or easily recognized (众所周知的或容易识别的)”和首字母提示可推知，空处应用形容词familiar，意为“熟悉的”，作表语，短语be familiar with意为“熟悉”。故填familiar。 3．targeted/argeted 【详解】考查动词。句意：该营销策略旨在提高品牌知名度。根据句意及首字母提示可知，target“把……作为目标”，动词，符合题意，应用动词过去分词和前面的was构成一般过去时的被动语态，故填targeted。 4．particular/articular 【详解】考查形容词。句意：别那么好奇。这封信里没有什么特别的。根据首字母p可知，应填形容词particular“特别的”，作后置定语，修饰不定代词nothing。故填particular。 5．rude/ude 【详解】考查形容词。句意：用手指指着别人在许多文化中常被视为粗鲁的行为。此处为形容词作定语修饰名词behaviour，根据首字母提示和句意，此处应填入形容词rude，表示“粗鲁的，不礼貌的”符合句意。故填rude。 6．click/lick 【详解】考查动词。句意：请点击下面的下载按钮开始下载软件。结合句意及首字母提示可知，click“点击”，动词，此处是祈使句，使用动词原形，故填click。 7．false/alse 【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的话给我们一种错误的印象，以为他会借钱给我们，但他不会。本空修饰名词impression，作定语，应该使用形容词false“错误的”。故填false。 8．embarrassing/mbarrassing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：意识到这些年来我一直把那个单词发音发错了，这很尴尬。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”为固定句型，意为“做某事是……的”；结合句意和首字母提示，应用形容词embarrassing作表语，意为“令人尴尬的”，符合语境。故填embarrassing。 二、单句语法填空 1．What do you think is the most (embarrass) question at yesterday’s news conference? 2．The campaign young people aims to promote healthy lifestyles. (target) 3．The (introduce) of new technology has greatly improved the quality of our products. 4．He gave me some reference books which I was not very familiar. (用适当的词填空) 5．First of all, know exactly what leads to your (press), and then take measures to deal with it. 6．In order to protect their (private), teenagers should be careful and cautious when using public Wi-Fi. 7．Some problems occurred, (upset) our plans of driving across the desert. 8．For your online (safe), don’t click on anything out of curiosity (出于好奇). 【答案】 1．embarrassing 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你认为昨天新闻发布会上最令人尴尬的问题是什么？空处需填形容词，作定语修饰名词question，表示“令人尴尬的问题”，所以空处应使用形容词embarrassing，修饰物，意为“令人尴尬的”。故填embarrassing。 2．targeting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这场针对年轻人的活动旨在倡导健康的生活方式。空处修饰the campaign作定语，且the campaign与target构成逻辑上的主谓关系，用现在分词作定语。故填targeting。 3．introduction 【详解】考查名词。句意：新技术的引进大大提高了我们产品的质量。空处作主语，前面有冠词修饰，应填名词introduction (介绍)，故填introduction。 4．with 【详解】考查介词。句意：他给了我一些我不太熟悉的参考书。此处为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，固定搭配be familiar with sth意为“熟悉某事物”，which指代先行词reference books，在从句中作介词with的宾语。故填with。 5．pressure 【详解】考查名词。句意：首先，明确了解是什么导致你有压力，然后采取措施应对压力。设空处作leads to的宾语，前有形容词性物主代词your修饰，需用名词。press是动词，对应的名词是pressure，不可数。故填pressure。 6．privacy 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了保护自己的隐私，青少年在使用公共Wi-Fi时应该小心谨慎。由句意及空前的In order to protect their可知，此处应用名词privacy(隐私)，作宾语，不可数名词。故填privacy。 7．upsetting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：出现了一些问题，扰乱了我们开车穿越沙漠的计划。此处为非谓语动词，需要用现在分词upsetting作结果状语，表示意料之中的结果。故填upsetting。 8．safety 【详解】考查名词。句意：为了你的网上安全，不要出于好奇而点击任何东西。online是形容词，修饰名词，safe的名词是safety，意为“安全”，是不可数名词，故填safety。 一、句型转换 1．The shop has repaired my computer very quickly. (转化为被动语态) 2．The government has taken effective measures to protect the endangered animals. (用被动语态改写) 3．The book has been translated into several languages.（改为主动语态） 4．The local government has carried out several environmental protection measures to reduce air pollution over the past three years.(改为被动句) 5．The generous man has donated large amounts of money to the charity organization (改为被动语态) 6．We should use a strong password to keep our property and ourselves safe. (用it作形式主语“it is important to do sth.”及“by+ doing”来改写) 7．We should protect our privacy well. We should use a strong password. (改为不定式短语作目的状语) 【答案】 1．My computer has been repaired in the shop very quickly. 【详解】考查主动语态与被动语态的转换。句意：这家店很快修好了我的电脑。被动语态的结构为“主语 + be + 过去分词 + 其他”，原句主语为“The shop”，谓语为“has repaired”，宾语为“my computer”。转换为被动语态时，宾语“my computer”作主语，原句为现在完成时，被动语态需保持时态一致，结构为“has been + 过去分词”，原句主语the shop转化为地点状语。故填My computer has been repaired in the shop very quickly. 2．Effective measures have been taken to protect the endangered animals by the government. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：政府已经采取了有效措施来保护濒危动物。由主动语态改为被动语态，需将原句的宾语“effective measures”改为被动句的主语，原句的主语“the government”改为由介词by引出的动作执行者；原句谓语“has taken”是现在完成时的主动语态结构，改为现在完成时的被动语态结构“have/has been +过去分词”，即have/has been taken，主语是复数名词，助动词用复数形式have。故填Effective measures have been taken to protect the endangered animals by the government. 3．People have translated the book into several languages. 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：这本书已被翻译成几种语言。原句中The book是主语，has been translated是谓语，原句用现在完成时的被动语态。要将其改为主动语态，需要引入动作的执行者作为主语，由于原句未明确指出动作的执行者，我们可以用一个泛指的主语，如People。句子用现在完成时的主动形式，谓语动词has been translated变为主动形式have translated，宾语为the book，其余保持不变。故答案为：People have translated the book into several languages. 4．Several environmental protection measures have been carried out by the local government to reduce air pollution over the past three years. 【详解】考查现在完成时的被动语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去的三年里，当地政府已经采取了一些环境保护措施来减少空气污染。原句中的several environmental protection measures 与动词短语carry out 之间为被动关系，且为复数形式，助动词应用have，所以变为被动句后谓语动词为have been carried out，the local government为动作的发出者，所以应用介词by加the local government，其它不变，所以原句变为被动句后为Several environmental protection measures have been carried out by the local government to reduce air pollution over the past three years，故答案为Several environmental protection measures have been carried out by the local government to reduce air pollution over the past three years。 5．Large amounts of money have been donated to the charity organization by the generous man. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：这个慷慨的人已经向慈善组织捐赠了大量的钱。要将其改为被动语态，我们需要将原句中的宾语“large amounts of money”变为主语，将主语“the generous man”变为由介词“by”引导的宾语；原句中的谓语为“has donated”改为“have/has been done”的形式，主语money有large amounts of修饰，谓语动词使用复数形式。故答案是：Large amounts of money have been donated to the charity organization by the generous man.。 6．It is important to keep our property and ourselves safe by using a strong password. 【详解】考查it作形式主语。句意：使用强密码来保护我们的财产和自身安全是很重要的。分析句子结构可知，本句可以用it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to keep our property and ourselves safe，即It is important to use a strong password to keep our property and ourselves safe，同时可以用by+doing表示“通过某种方式”，即by using a strong password。故填It is important to keep our property and ourselves safe by using a strong password . 7．We should use a strong password to protect our privacy well. 【详解】考查不定式短语作目的状语。句意：为了很好地保护我们的隐私，我们应该使用一个强密码。分析句子结构可知，句子主干为We should use a strong password，已有谓语动词should use，需用不定式短语to protect our privacy well作目的状语。故填We should use a strong password to protect our privacy well. 二、语法填空 The Internet has become an 1 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 2 more reliable.​ One of the 3 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 4 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 5 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 6 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 7 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 8 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 9 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 10 (click) on suspicious links. 【答案】1．important 2．and 3．greatest 4．easily 5．to connect 6．drawbacks 7．common 8．responsibly 9．reliable 10．clicking 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了互联网已经成为日常生活非常重要的一部分，它带来了便捷，也带来了暗藏的危险。因此，在享受互联网便利的同时，需警惕其风险并采取防范措施。 1．考查形容词。句意：互联网已经成为我们日常生活中非常重要的一部分。所填应是形容词，作定语，修饰名词“part”。“importance”，名词，意为“重要性”，其形容词形式为“important(重要的)”。故填important。 2．考查并列连词。句意：随着技术的发展，互联网正变得越来越快且更加可靠。分析可知，“faster”与“more reliable”为并列关系，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 3．考查形容词最高级。句意：互联网的一大显著优势在于，它使我们能够容易地获取来自世界各地的信息。“one of the +形容词最高级+名词复数”，意为“最……之一”。故填greatest。 4．考查副词。句意：互联网的一大显著优势在于，它使我们能够容易地获取来自世界各地的信息。分析可知，这里应是用副词作状语，修饰动词“access”；结合句意可推知，此处表达“网络使我们更容易获得信息”含义，“easily”为副词，意为“容易地”，符合语境。故填easily。 5．考查动词不定式。句意：互联网也让人们能够更方便地彼此联系。“make it+adj. for sb. to do”为固定短语，意为“使某人做某事怎么样”，其中“it”为形式宾语，“for sb. to do”为真正宾语。故填to connect。 6．考查名词复数。句意：然而，互联网也有其缺点。“its”为形容词性物主代词，作名词的定语，因此所填应是名词，作宾语。“drawback”，可数名词，意为“缺点”，结合语境，这里用复数形式。故填drawbacks。 7．考查形容词。句意：黑客可以窃取我们的个人信息，网络诈骗正变得越来越普遍。所填应是形容词，作“are becoming”的表语。“common”，形容词，意为“常见的，普遍的”。故填common。 8．考查副词。句意：为了充分利用互联网，我们需要负责任地使用它。此处用副词作状语，修饰动词“use”。“responsible”，形容词，意为“负责的”，其副词形式为“responsibly(负责地)”。故填responsibly。 9．考查形容词。句意：我们应该小心我们在网上分享的信息，并确保我们使用的是可靠的来源。所填应是形容词，作定语，修饰名词“sources”。“rely”，动词，意为“依赖，依靠”，其形容词形式为“reliable(可靠的)”。故填reliable。 10．考查动名词作宾语。句意：我们还应当通过使用强密码以及避免点击可疑链接来保护我们的隐私和安全。“avoid doing”，固定短语，意为“避免做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填clicking。 一、阅读理解 Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance (维护) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 1．What is the main purpose of using drones in railway inspection? A．To reduce the cost of railway construction. B．To improve railway safety and efficiency. C．To replace railway maintenance staff entirely. D．To provide passengers with better services. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sending staff to inspect and repair railways at night. B．The high cost of maintaining railway infrastructure. C．The use of drones in examining high-tension lines. D．Improving the on-time performance of trains. 3．What can be inferred about the future rail drones? A．They will fly overhead to detect railway faults. B．They will work autonomously ahead of the train. C．They will replace the train drivers gradually. D．They will signal problems after the train passes. 4．What does the author think of applying drones to railways? A．It is costly but effective. B．It has a promising future. C．It requires more technologies. D．It is too dangerous to implement. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Drones: The Future of Railway Safety B．European Railways: A Case Study C．Railway Infrastructure: Maintenance and Costs D．High-Tech Co-pilots: Revolutionizing Trains 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了无人机在铁路检查中的应用可提升安全性和效率并降低成本，未来前景广阔。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. (对铁路线路和其他铁路基础设施关键方面的检查越有规律，铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就会越高。成本将会降低，整体运营效率将会提高。)”可知，使用无人机检查铁路的主要目的是提高铁路的安全性和效率。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. (据计算，仅欧洲铁路每年在维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元，其中包括经常在夜间派遣维护人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”可知，That指代的是上文提到的“晚上派维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施”这件事。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段“Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. (工程师们目前正在研究一个新概念：未来的铁路无人机。它们将在火车前面的轨道上移动，并被编程为自主运行。)”可知，未来的铁路无人机将在火车前面自主运行。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. (一小群无人机能否在保证铁路安全可靠的同时，帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元？这很可能是应用今天的“空中之眼”技术的未来，以确保全球数百万公里的铁轨和基础设施全天候安全。)”以及下文对无人机在铁路检查中应用的描述可知，作者认为将无人机应用于铁路具有广阔的前景。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了无人机在铁路检查中的应用，包括提高铁路安全性和效率、降低成本等方面的优势，以及未来铁路无人机的发展前景。因此，A选项“Drones: The Future of Railway Safety (无人机：铁路安全的未来)”最符合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选A。 French scientists from France’s Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) have announced their experiment — carried out on February 12 — has set a new record of 1,337 seconds for keeping or maintaining hydrogen atoms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent longer than the previous one, which was set in China last month. The team said their work marks an important step in the search for nuclear fusion (核聚变) methods that could produce clean, safe and almost limitless energy. The aim of fusion research is to create the same kind of nuclear reaction as happens in the center of the sun. In a fusion reaction, the centers of two atoms fuse, or join together, to form a new atom with a heavier nucleus, or center, releasing large amounts of energy. However, because fusion happens at very high temperatures, it is difficult to control. The scientists in France used a machine — a circular ring with strong walls to resist intense heat — called a tokamak to do their research. Inside the ring, hydrogen atoms are heated to temperatures up to about 50 million degrees Celsius, creating plasma that is held together by powerful magnets. Anne-Isabelle Etienvre, CEA’s head of fundamental research, told the French news agency AFP the new record for making plasma shows “that we control its production, but also its maintenance.” However, Etienvre noted that there are still many “technological barriers” to overcome before fusion can “produce more energy than it consumes”. Scientists say that for nuclear fusion to succeed, hydrogen atoms will need to be heated up to more than 100 million degrees Celsius. But at this extreme temperature, plasma can become unstable and difficult to control, which can lead to energy loss and limit how well a possible future nuclear fusion reactor could work. In the coming months, the research team will look to increase the time they can keep the atoms in a plasma state, hoping to bring the total time “up to several hours combined”. The CEA noted that in future experiments, scientists will also aim to heat the plasma to higher temperatures and examine the effects the hot plasma has on their testing machine. Teams from multiple countries are working together in southern France to build the world’s largest tokamak and fusion research center, called ITER, hoping the current research on maintaining plasma will be useful for future projects at ITER. However, AFP reports that repeated delays and increasing costs have postponed operations at ITER until at least 2033. 1．What is the main achievement reported by French scientists? A．They created a new type of tokamak machine. B．They achieved nuclear fusion at 100 million degrees Celsius. C．They broke China’s record for plasma maintenance time by 25%. D．They sustained plasma for 1,337 seconds, setting a new world record. 2．According to the text, what remains a major challenge for nuclear fusion? A．Building larger tokamak machines. B．Reducing experiment costs. C．Maintaining plasma stability at over 100 million degrees Celsius. D．Finding alternative energy sources. 3．What will the scientists mainly try to do in the next step? A．To heat the plasma to 100 million degrees Celsius. B．To keep hydrogen atoms in a plasma state longer. C．To test how the hot plasma affects the testing machine. D．To research how nuclear fusion happens. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Plasma — a state of hydrogen atoms B．Nuclear fusion — a technology to improve human life C．A great breakthrough — scientists made in nuclear fusion D．Hydrogen atoms — the fuel of nuclear fusion 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了法国科学家宣布他们在保持氢原子等离子体状态方面取得了新纪录，并介绍了核聚变研究的现状、挑战及未来计划。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“French scientists from France’s Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) have announced their experiment — carried out on February 12 — has set a new record of 1,337 seconds for keeping or maintaining hydrogen atoms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent longer than the previous one, which was set in China last month. (法国原子能委员会 (CEA) 的科学家宣布，他们在2月12日进行的实验创造了将氢原子保持在等离子体状态1337秒的新纪录，比上个月在中国创造的纪录长25%。)”可知，法国科学家的主要成就是将等离子体维持了1337秒，创造了新的世界纪录。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“Scientists say that for nuclear fusion to succeed, hydrogen atoms will need to be heated up to more than 100 million degrees Celsius. But at this extreme temperature, plasma can become unstable and difficult to control, which can lead to energy loss and limit how well a possible future nuclear fusion reactor could work. (科学家表示，要使核聚变成功，氢原子需要被加热到1亿摄氏度以上。但在这种极端温度下，等离子体可能变得不稳定且难以控制，这可能导致能量损失，并限制未来可能的核聚变反应堆的工作效果。)”可知，核聚变面临的主要挑战是在超过1亿摄氏度下维持等离子体的稳定性。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第六段中“In the coming months, the research team will look to increase the time they can keep the atoms in a plasma state, hoping to bring the total time “up to several hours combined”. (在接下来的几个月里，研究团队将寻求延长将原子保持在等离子体状态的时间，希望总时间“达到数小时”。)”可知，科学家下一步的主要目标是延长氢原子在等离子体状态下的时间。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段“French scientists from France’s Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) have announced their experiment — carried out on February 12 — has set a new record of 1,337 seconds for keeping or maintaining hydrogen atoms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent longer than the previous one, which was set in China last month. (法国原子能委员会（CEA）的科学家宣布，他们在2月12日进行的实验创造了将氢原子保持在等离子体状态1337秒的新纪录，比上个月在中国创造的纪录长25%。)”可知，本文主要介绍了法国科学家在核聚变研究方面取得的突破，包括创造了新的等离子体维持时间的新纪录，并讨论了核聚变的挑战和未来计划。因此，C选项“A great breakthrough — scientists made in nuclear fusion (科学家在核聚变方面取得的重大突破)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。 二、七选五 Need a quick answer or just a smart assistant in your pocket? The AI companion offers exactly that—and much more. Alex Chen, the lead AI developer behind this project, wears his signature hoodie (连帽衫) and glasses as he adjusts the system daily. His goal? 1 The AI processes requests in milliseconds, responding with clear, well-structured answers. When users engage with it, a friendly “How can I assist you today?” sets the tone—a small but meaningful touch that makes the exchange feel personal. Even during peak hours, when thousands of requests flood in all at once, the AI remains reliable, never sacrificing speed or accuracy. Chen’s day begins at 5:30 a.m., reviewing user feedback and working on the AI’s learning models. 2 “I want this technology to feel effortless— like chatting with a knowledgeable friend,” he explains. His passion for AI arises from years of studying machine learning, but what truly drives him is making complex tech accessible to everyone. 3 Lisa Park, a university student majoring in computer science, relies on the AI daily. “It’s not just about getting answers— it’s how the AI explains things. Even difficult concepts become easy to grasp,” she says. For her, the AI isn’t just a tool. 4 Another user, Mark Reynolds, a freelance writer, adds, “It helps me brainstorm ideas faster than I could alone. The suggestions are creative and actually useful.” “ I can’t imagine working on anything else,” Chen admits. 5 His team is already testing new features, like voice interaction and real-time language translation, to expand its capabilities. A．It’s a study partner that adapts to her learning style. B．To ensure every interaction feels natural and helpful. C．He organizes weekly user meetings to collect advice. D．After five years of refining the AI, he’s determined to make it smarter. E．Some mornings, he logs in early to push updates before users wake up. F．What Chen might not realize is how much his work impacts daily lives. G．Not only does it provide instant solutions, it also offers human-like experience. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．F 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一位名叫Alex Chen的中国团队AI开发者，致力于开发一个既快速又智能的AI助手。Chen和他的团队不断努力，希望让复杂的技术更加普及，AI助手不仅能快速回答问题，还能以用户易于理解的方式解释复杂概念。 1．上文“Alex Chen, the lead AI developer behind this project, wears his signature hoodie (连帽衫) and glasses as he adjusts the system daily. His goal? (Alex Chen，这个项目的首席AI开发者，每天穿着他标志性的连帽衫和眼镜调整系统。他的目标是什么？)”提到Alex Chen作为AI项目的负责人，每天都在调整系统，此处询问他的目标是什么。B选项“To ensure every interaction feels natural and helpful. (确保每次交互都自然且有帮助)”符合此处语境，既解释了Chen的目标，也与下文AI快速、准确且友好的回应相呼应，表明他的目标是让用户与AI的交互体验尽可能自然和有帮助。故选B。 2．上文“Chen’s day begins at 5:30 a.m., reviewing user feedback and working on the AI’s learning models. (Chen的一天从早上5:30开始，他会查看用户反馈并致力于AI学习模型的研发工作。)”提到Chen每天5:30开始工作，审查用户反馈并致力于AI的学习模型。E选项“Some mornings, he logs in early to push updates before users wake up. (有些早上，他很早就登录为了在用户醒来之前推送更新)”进一步描述了Chen为了改进AI所做的工作，即在用户醒来前推送更新，体现了他的勤奋和对工作的投入。故选E。 3．下文“Lisa Park, a university student majoring in computer science, relies on the AI daily. “It’s not just about getting answers— it’s how the AI explains things. Even difficult concepts become easy to grasp,” she says. (Lisa Park，一名主修计算机科学的大学生，每天都会依赖这个AI。她说：“这不仅仅是为了得到答案——而是AI如何解释事物。即使是难懂的概念也变得容易理解。”)”通过Lisa Park的例子说明了AI对用户日常生活的影响，此处需要一个句子来引出这个影响。F选项“What Chen might not realize is how much his work impacts daily lives. (Chen可能没有意识到他的工作对日常生活有多大的影响)”既承接了上文关于Chen的工作，又为下文的具体例子做了铺垫，表明Chen的工作对用户日常生活有着重要影响，但他可能并未完全意识到这一点。故选F。 4．上文“For her, the AI isn’t just a tool. (对她而言，这个AI不仅仅是一种工具。)”提到对于Lisa来说，AI不仅仅是一个工具，此处需要进一步解释AI对她来说意味着什么。A选项“It’s a study partner that adapts to her learning style.(它是一个适应她学习方式的学习伙伴)”符合此处语境，既解释了AI对Lisa的特殊意义，也与上文“it’s how the AI explains things. Even difficult concepts become easy to grasp(这就是人工智能解释事物的方式。即便是复杂的概念也能变得易于理解)”相呼应，表明AI能够像学习伙伴一样帮助她理解复杂概念。故选A。 5．上文“I can’t imagine working on anything else(我无法想象去做别的事情了。)”提到Chen表示无法想象自己从事其他工作，此处需要表达他对AI项目的持续投入和未来的规划。D选项“After five years of refining the AI, he’s determined to make it smarter.(经过五年的AI改进，他决心让它更智能)”既承接了上文关于Chen对AI的热情和投入，又为下文的“His team is already testing new features, like voice interaction and real-time language translation, to expand its capabilities.(他的团队已经在测试新功能，如语音交互和实时语言翻译，以扩展其功能)”做了铺垫，表明Chen决心继续改进AI，使其更加智能。故选D。 三、书面表达 假定你是李华，你校网络安全社团“Cyber Guardians”正在开展网络安全教育周活动，向全校学生就主题为“How to Ensure Teenagers’ Online Safety”公开征稿。请你撰写一篇博文投稿，内容如下： 1. 科技为生活带来便利，同时也带来了一些新的挑战； 2. 提出具体的网络安全建议（至少两点）； 3. 表达你的希望或呼吁。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Ensure Teenagers’ Online Safety ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 How to Ensure Teenagers’ Online Safety With the development of technology, the Internet has made our life more convenient. However, it has also introduced new challenges for teenagers. I am not an expert, but several years as a netizen has taught me a thing or two. Firstly, you are supposed to strengthen your awareness of the importance of staying safe online and behave properly. After all, the more polite you are, the less likely you are to be attacked by trolls or cyberbullies. Moreover, it is highly important to protect your privacy. Never give out personal information unless you’re sure that it’s safe to do so. Lastly, remember that you should report the situation to your parents or teachers if you feel uncomfortable or threatened online. Hopefully, my suggestions will benefit you. Do you have any good tips for online safety? Your ideas are welcome! 【导语】本篇是应用文写作。学校网络安全社团“Cyber Guardians”正在开展网络安全教育周活动，并以主题“How to Ensure Teenagers’ Online Safety”向学生征稿，要求考生撰写一篇博文投稿，阐述科技带来的便利与挑战、提出网络安全建议并表达希望或呼吁。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 首先：firstly → to begin with 加强：strengthen → enhance 另外：moreover → additionally 建议：suggestion → advice 2. 句式拓展 简单句合并为复合句 原句：With the development of technology, the Internet has made our life more convenient. However, it has also introduced new challenges for teenagers. 拓展句：Although with the development of technology the Internet has made our life more convenient, it has also introduced new challenges, especially for teenagers. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Never give out personal information unless you’re sure that it’s safe to do so.(运用了unless引导的条件状语从句) 【高分句型2】Lastly, remember that you should report the situation to your parents or teachers if you feel uncomfortable or threatened online.(运用了that引导的宾语从句以及if引导条件状语从句) 一、写作素材积累 词汇积累 cybersecurity 网络安全 protect 保护 information security 信息安全 defend 防御 data protection 数据保护 detect 检测 network security 网络安全 prevent 预防 cyber threat 网络威胁 mitigate 缓解（风险、影响） cyber risk 网络风险 encrypt 加密 vulnerability 漏洞 hack 黑客攻击；非法入侵 attack surface 攻击面 breach 攻破；泄露（如 breach security defenses） cyberspace 网络空间 monitor 监控 digital security 数字安全 patch 打补丁（修复漏洞） privacy protection 隐私保护 authenticate 验证身份 cyber hygiene 网络卫生 confidential 机密的 vulnerable 易受攻击的 compliant 合规的（符合法规标准） malicious 恶意的 cyber-related 与网络相关的 secure 安全的 sophisticated 复杂的（指高级攻击手段） encrypted 加密的 句型积累 句型 解析 so ... that ... 含义：如此…… 以至于……。 用法：用于表示程度与结果的关系，“so” 后接形容词或副词，“that” 引导结果状语从句，说明因前文的程度而导致的结果。 now that 含义：既然……；由于……。 用法：引导原因状语从句，强调基于已知的事实或情况而得出的结论，“now that” 中的 “now” 暗示 “情况已经如此”，语气比 “because” 更口语化，侧重 “既然如此” 的逻辑。 There’s the golden rule of …: … 含义：…… 的黄金法则是：……。 用法：用于引出某个领域或行为中的核心原则、重要准则，“golden rule” 表示 “重要原则、金科玉律”，冒号后接具体的规则内容。 Sth is no excuse for doing sth 含义：某事不能成为做某事的借口。 用法：用于否定某一理由的合理性，强调即使存在某种情况，也不能以此为借口去做不好的或不当的事。 … become a target for … 含义：…… 成为…… 的目标。 用法：表示某人或某物被视为某一行为（如批评、攻击、关注等）的对象，“target” 可指具体目标或抽象的关注对象。 The more …, the less likely … 含义：越……，就越不可能……。 用法：这是 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 结构的变体，用于表示两个事物之间的比例关系，前半句表示条件的变化，后半句表示结果的可能性变化。 It seemed like … 含义：似乎……；好像……。 用法：“it” 作形式主语，用于表达主观上的感受或判断，后接名词、从句或不定式，强调 “表面上看起来的情况”，不一定是事实。 二、写作素材检测 1. 心情不好不能成为对他人无礼的借口。（Sth is no excuse for doing sth） A bad mood is no excuse for being rude to others. 2. 友谊的黄金法则是：永远对彼此诚实。（There’s the golden rule of …: …） There’s the golden rule of friendship: always be honest with each other. 3. 既然你已经完成了作业，就可以出去玩一会儿了。（now that） Now that you have finished your homework, you can go out to play for a while. 4. 他跑得如此之快，以至于没人能追上他。（so ... that ...） He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him. 5. 你越拖延，就越不可能按时完成任务。（The more …, the less likely …） The more you procrastinate, the less likely you are to finish the task on time. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Period 4 Reading for Writing分层练习 1 一、根据首字母拼写单词 1 二、单句语法填空 2 2 一、句型转换 2 二、语法填空 2 3 一、阅读理解 3 二、七选五 5 三、书面表达 6 7 一、写作素材积累 7 二、写作素材检测 8 一、根据首字母拼写单词 1．It u me that I don’t know enough words and my grammar is also poor. 2．I was still f (well-known or easily recognized) with the streets of my hometown, even after years of living abroad. 3．The marketing strategy was t at increasing brand awareness. 4．Don’t be so curious. There is nothing p in the letter. （根据首字母单词拼写） 5．Pointing at others with your finger is often regarded as r behaviour in many cultures. 6．Please c the Download button below to begin downloading the software. 7．His words gave us the f impression that he would lend us money, but he would not. 8．It was e to realize I had been pronouncing that word incorrectly all these years. 二、单句语法填空 1．What do you think is the most (embarrass) question at yesterday’s news conference? 2．The campaign young people aims to promote healthy lifestyles. (target) 3．The (introduce) of new technology has greatly improved the quality of our products. 4．He gave me some reference books which I was not very familiar. (用适当的词填空) 5．First of all, know exactly what leads to your (press), and then take measures to deal with it. 6．In order to protect their (private), teenagers should be careful and cautious when using public Wi-Fi. 7．Some problems occurred, (upset) our plans of driving across the desert. 8．For your online (safe), don’t click on anything out of curiosity (出于好奇). 一、句型转换 1．The shop has repaired my computer very quickly. (转化为被动语态) 2．The government has taken effective measures to protect the endangered animals. (用被动语态改写) 3．The book has been translated into several languages.（改为主动语态） 4．The local government has carried out several environmental protection measures to reduce air pollution over the past three years.(改为被动句) 5．The generous man has donated large amounts of money to the charity organization (改为被动语态) 6．We should use a strong password to keep our property and ourselves safe. (用it作形式主语“it is important to do sth.”及“by+ doing”来改写) 7．We should protect our privacy well. We should use a strong password. (改为不定式短语作目的状语) 二、语法填空 The Internet has become an 1 (importance) part of our daily lives. It has changed the way we communicate, learn, and do business. With the development of technology, the Internet is becoming faster 2 more reliable.​ One of the 3 (great) advantages of the Internet is that it allows us to access information 4 from all over the world. We can search for answers to our questions, read news, watch videos, and listen to music. The Internet has also made it easier for people 5 (connect) with each other. We can communicate with friends and family members who live far away through social media platforms, email, and video calls. However, the Internet also has its 6 (drawback). There is a lot of false information on the Internet, and it can be difficult to tell what is true and what is not. Additionally, there are concerns about privacy and security. Hackers can steal our personal information, and online scams are becoming increasingly 7 (common).​ To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it 8 (responsible). We should be careful about the information we share online and make sure we are using 9 (rely) sources. It’s also important to protect our privacy and security by using strong passwords and avoiding 10 (click) on suspicious links. 一、阅读理解 Can a small group of drones (无人机) guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure (基础设施) worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis. Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient (高效) across the board. That includes huge savings in maintenance (维护) costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts. By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time. 1．What is the main purpose of using drones in railway inspection? A．To reduce the cost of railway construction. B．To improve railway safety and efficiency. C．To replace railway maintenance staff entirely. D．To provide passengers with better services. 2．What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Sending staff to inspect and repair railways at night. B．The high cost of maintaining railway infrastructure. C．The use of drones in examining high-tension lines. D．Improving the on-time performance of trains. 3．What can be inferred about the future rail drones? A．They will fly overhead to detect railway faults. B．They will work autonomously ahead of the train. C．They will replace the train drivers gradually. D．They will signal problems after the train passes. 4．What does the author think of applying drones to railways? A．It is costly but effective. B．It has a promising future. C．It requires more technologies. D．It is too dangerous to implement. 5．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．Drones: The Future of Railway Safety B．European Railways: A Case Study C．Railway Infrastructure: Maintenance and Costs D．High-Tech Co-pilots: Revolutionizing Trains French scientists from France’s Atomic Energy Commission (CEA) have announced their experiment — carried out on February 12 — has set a new record of 1,337 seconds for keeping or maintaining hydrogen atoms in a state called plasma (等离子体), 25 percent longer than the previous one, which was set in China last month. The team said their work marks an important step in the search for nuclear fusion (核聚变) methods that could produce clean, safe and almost limitless energy. The aim of fusion research is to create the same kind of nuclear reaction as happens in the center of the sun. In a fusion reaction, the centers of two atoms fuse, or join together, to form a new atom with a heavier nucleus, or center, releasing large amounts of energy. However, because fusion happens at very high temperatures, it is difficult to control. The scientists in France used a machine — a circular ring with strong walls to resist intense heat — called a tokamak to do their research. Inside the ring, hydrogen atoms are heated to temperatures up to about 50 million degrees Celsius, creating plasma that is held together by powerful magnets. Anne-Isabelle Etienvre, CEA’s head of fundamental research, told the French news agency AFP the new record for making plasma shows “that we control its production, but also its maintenance.” However, Etienvre noted that there are still many “technological barriers” to overcome before fusion can “produce more energy than it consumes”. Scientists say that for nuclear fusion to succeed, hydrogen atoms will need to be heated up to more than 100 million degrees Celsius. But at this extreme temperature, plasma can become unstable and difficult to control, which can lead to energy loss and limit how well a possible future nuclear fusion reactor could work. In the coming months, the research team will look to increase the time they can keep the atoms in a plasma state, hoping to bring the total time “up to several hours combined”. The CEA noted that in future experiments, scientists will also aim to heat the plasma to higher temperatures and examine the effects the hot plasma has on their testing machine. Teams from multiple countries are working together in southern France to build the world’s largest tokamak and fusion research center, called ITER, hoping the current research on maintaining plasma will be useful for future projects at ITER. However, AFP reports that repeated delays and increasing costs have postponed operations at ITER until at least 2033. 1．What is the main achievement reported by French scientists? A．They created a new type of tokamak machine. B．They achieved nuclear fusion at 100 million degrees Celsius. C．They broke China’s record for plasma maintenance time by 25%. D．They sustained plasma for 1,337 seconds, setting a new world record. 2．According to the text, what remains a major challenge for nuclear fusion? A．Building larger tokamak machines. B．Reducing experiment costs. C．Maintaining plasma stability at over 100 million degrees Celsius. D．Finding alternative energy sources. 3．What will the scientists mainly try to do in the next step? A．To heat the plasma to 100 million degrees Celsius. B．To keep hydrogen atoms in a plasma state longer. C．To test how the hot plasma affects the testing machine. D．To research how nuclear fusion happens. 4．Which would be the best title for the passage? A．Plasma — a state of hydrogen atoms B．Nuclear fusion — a technology to improve human life C．A great breakthrough — scientists made in nuclear fusion D．Hydrogen atoms — the fuel of nuclear fusion 二、七选五 Need a quick answer or just a smart assistant in your pocket? The AI companion offers exactly that—and much more. Alex Chen, the lead AI developer behind this project, wears his signature hoodie (连帽衫) and glasses as he adjusts the system daily. His goal? 1 The AI processes requests in milliseconds, responding with clear, well-structured answers. When users engage with it, a friendly “How can I assist you today?” sets the tone—a small but meaningful touch that makes the exchange feel personal. Even during peak hours, when thousands of requests flood in all at once, the AI remains reliable, never sacrificing speed or accuracy. Chen’s day begins at 5:30 a.m., reviewing user feedback and working on the AI’s learning models. 2 “I want this technology to feel effortless— like chatting with a knowledgeable friend,” he explains. His passion for AI arises from years of studying machine learning, but what truly drives him is making complex tech accessible to everyone. 3 Lisa Park, a university student majoring in computer science, relies on the AI daily. “It’s not just about getting answers— it’s how the AI explains things. Even difficult concepts become easy to grasp,” she says. For her, the AI isn’t just a tool. 4 Another user, Mark Reynolds, a freelance writer, adds, “It helps me brainstorm ideas faster than I could alone. The suggestions are creative and actually useful.” “ I can’t imagine working on anything else,” Chen admits. 5 His team is already testing new features, like voice interaction and real-time language translation, to expand its capabilities. A．It’s a study partner that adapts to her learning style. B．To ensure every interaction feels natural and helpful. C．He organizes weekly user meetings to collect advice. D．After five years of refining the AI, he’s determined to make it smarter. E．Some mornings, he logs in early to push updates before users wake up. F．What Chen might not realize is how much his work impacts daily lives. G．Not only does it provide instant solutions, it also offers human-like experience. 三、书面表达 假定你是李华，你校网络安全社团“Cyber Guardians”正在开展网络安全教育周活动，向全校学生就主题为“How to Ensure Teenagers’ Online Safety”公开征稿。请你撰写一篇博文投稿，内容如下： 1. 科技为生活带来便利，同时也带来了一些新的挑战； 2. 提出具体的网络安全建议（至少两点）； 3. 表达你的希望或呼吁。 注意：1. 词数80左右； 2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 How to Ensure Teenagers’ Online Safety ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 一、写作素材积累 词汇积累 cybersecurity 网络安全 protect 保护 information security 信息安全 defend 防御 data protection 数据保护 detect 检测 network security 网络安全 prevent 预防 cyber threat 网络威胁 mitigate 缓解（风险、影响） cyber risk 网络风险 encrypt 加密 vulnerability 漏洞 hack 黑客攻击；非法入侵 attack surface 攻击面 breach 攻破；泄露（如 breach security defenses） cyberspace 网络空间 monitor 监控 digital security 数字安全 patch 打补丁（修复漏洞） privacy protection 隐私保护 authenticate 验证身份 cyber hygiene 网络卫生 confidential 机密的 vulnerable 易受攻击的 compliant 合规的（符合法规标准） malicious 恶意的 cyber-related 与网络相关的 secure 安全的 sophisticated 复杂的（指高级攻击手段） encrypted 加密的 句型积累 句型 解析 so ... that ... 含义：如此…… 以至于……。 用法：用于表示程度与结果的关系，“so” 后接形容词或副词，“that” 引导结果状语从句，说明因前文的程度而导致的结果。 now that 含义：既然……；由于……。 用法：引导原因状语从句，强调基于已知的事实或情况而得出的结论，“now that” 中的 “now” 暗示 “情况已经如此”，语气比 “because” 更口语化，侧重 “既然如此” 的逻辑。 There’s the golden rule of …: … 含义：…… 的黄金法则是：……。 用法：用于引出某个领域或行为中的核心原则、重要准则，“golden rule” 表示 “重要原则、金科玉律”，冒号后接具体的规则内容。 Sth is no excuse for doing sth 含义：某事不能成为做某事的借口。 用法：用于否定某一理由的合理性，强调即使存在某种情况，也不能以此为借口去做不好的或不当的事。 … become a target for … 含义：…… 成为…… 的目标。 用法：表示某人或某物被视为某一行为（如批评、攻击、关注等）的对象，“target” 可指具体目标或抽象的关注对象。 The more …, the less likely … 含义：越……，就越不可能……。 用法：这是 “the + 比较级，the + 比较级” 结构的变体，用于表示两个事物之间的比例关系，前半句表示条件的变化，后半句表示结果的可能性变化。 It seemed like … 含义：似乎……；好像……。 用法：“it” 作形式主语，用于表达主观上的感受或判断，后接名词、从句或不定式，强调 “表面上看起来的情况”，不一定是事实。 二、写作素材检测 1. 心情不好不能成为对他人无礼的借口。（Sth is no excuse for doing sth） 2. 友谊的黄金法则是：永远对彼此诚实。（There’s the golden rule of …: …） 3. 既然你已经完成了作业，就可以出去玩一会儿了。（now that） 4. 他跑得如此之快，以至于没人能追上他。（so ... that ...） 5. 你越拖延，就越不可能按时完成任务。（The more …, the less likely …） 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $