卷02-【灿烂六月 · 金8卷】备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷）

【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷02） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Gertrude Grew Great Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At home, she helped out just enough to slide by. At school, she did just enough homework to stay out of 1 . She had straight C’s in all of her classes. One day Gertrude’s teacher stopped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the work you do in class, and some of it is 2 .” Gertrude knew there were moments when she did try a little harder than what everyone 3 , like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she could change. She had done just enough to 4 for so long. In fact, she was scared by the thought of having the power to become whatever she wanted. That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years into the future. She could not find an average job, because even the average jobs were 5 by above-average workers. Gertrude wanted her own place, her own life. A voice spoke in the dream: “The present is nothing more than the 6 of the choices made in the past. The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped 7 the world where she lived, and the choices she made had produced the options she had. The next day, she tried harder in school, and she felt 8   than usual. She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical. Soon the pattern of success 9 that of being normal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning from her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult. But her 10 was above average, because her life was hers. 1．A．trouble B．order C．sight D．debt 2．A．challenging B．amusing C．amazing D．encouraging 3．A．learned B．insisted C．expected D．complained 4．A．give in B．get by C．show up D．stand out 5．A．offered B．filled C．refused D．valued 6．A．chance B．risk C．reward D．outcome 7．A．shape B．lead C．better D．protect 8．A．sadder B．smarter C．calmer D．freer 9．A．followed B．covered C．produced D．replaced 10．A．happiness B．anxiety C．sadness D．loneliness 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，短文讲述平凡女孩Gertrude在老师点拨和梦境启示下，从“只求及格、敷衍度日”转变为主动努力，最终虽过着普通生活，却因掌控自己的人生而拥有超越常人幸福感的故事。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在学校，她只做足够的作业来避免惹麻烦。A. trouble麻烦；B. order秩序；C. sight视力，景象；D. debt债务。结合前文“did just enough homework”和后文“straight C’s”，可知她的学习态度是“敷衍达标”，核心目的是“不惹麻烦”，故选A项。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“Gertrude，”他说，“我看过你在课堂上的作业，有些真的很出色。”A. challenging有挑战性的；B. amusing有趣的；C. amazing出色的，令人惊讶的；D. encouraging鼓舞人心的。后文提到“took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy”，说明她有潜力做出“出色的”作业，老师的话是对她潜力的肯定，“amazing”符合“发现平凡学生身上闪光点”的语境，故选C项。 3．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gertrude知道，有些时候她确实比大家预期的更努力一点，比如她会花额外时间把作业做得精致。A. learned学习；B. insisted坚持；C. expected预期，期待；D. complained抱怨。结合她平时“straight C’s”“just enough homework”的表现，大家对她的“预期”是“敷衍完成任务”，而她偶尔的努力超出了这种“预期”，“expected”符合“对比他人对自己的常规看法与自身偶尔的努力”，故选C项。 4．考查动词短语辨析。句意：长期以来，她一直只做足够的事来勉强应付。A. give in屈服；B. get by勉强应付，过得去；C. show up出现；D. stand out突出。结合前文“did just enough homework”“straight C’s”“helped out just enough to slide by”均体现她“勉强应付生活、不求出色”的状态，“get by”精准概括这种“凑活过、不追求更好”的态度，故选B项。 5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她找不到一份普通的工作，因为就连普通的工作都被能力高于平均水平的人占满了。A. offered提供；B. filled占据，充满；C. refused拒绝；D. valued重视。结合上文“She could not find an average job”可知，“filled”符合“岗位被他人占据”的逻辑，故选B项。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：梦中有个声音说：“当下不过是过去所做选择的结果。未来只会是我们今天所做选择的产物。”A. chance机会；B. risk风险；C. reward奖励；D. outcome结果。结合后文“The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.”可知，“results”与“outcome”语义一致，故选D项。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Gertrude开始哭泣，因为她知道，自己参与塑造了当下生活的这个世界，而她做出的选择决定了自己拥有的机会。A. shape塑造；B. lead带领；C. better改善；D. protect保护。结合前文“The present is nothing more than the...of the choices made in the past.”可知，个人选择会“塑造”自己的生活状态，“shape”体现“通过选择对生活产生影响、构建生活”的含义，符合语境，故选A项。 8．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：第二天，她在学校更努力了，觉得自己比平时聪明了。A. sadder更难过的；B. smarter更聪明的；C. calmer更平静的；D. freer更自由的。结合后文“She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical.”可知，事情在往好的方面发展，她在学校更加努力了，她觉得自己比平时“聪明了”。故选B项。 9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，成功的模式取代了平庸的模式，而且Gertrude甚至善于从错误中学习，把“失败”也变成了成长的机会。A. followed跟随；B. covered覆盖；C. produced产生；D. replaced取代。前文她是“平庸模式”（just enough, straight C’s），后来转为“努力模式”并获得成功，即“成功模式”替代了“平庸模式”，“replaced”体现“新旧状态的替换”，符合“从平庸到努力成功”的转变，故选D项。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但她的幸福感却高于平均水平，因为这是完全属于她自己的生活。A. happiness幸福感；B. anxiety焦虑；C. sadness悲伤；D. loneliness孤独。前文提到她“lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult”，但转折词“but”说明她在精神层面有优势——因“生活由自己选择、掌控”而拥有更高的“幸福感”，“happiness”符合“自主选择带来的精神满足”，故选A项。 第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） A 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve is a famous theory in psychology, which shows 11 people forget information over time. Discovered by German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus, it reveals that memory loss occurs rapidly shortly after learning, followed by a slower decline. According to his research, without reviewing, a man forgets about half of what he 12 (learn) within just one day. However, if repeating the material at regular intervals, he can significantly slow down this process. The curve especially encourages us to adopt some 13 (practice) review strategies in memorization. Using this theory, students can plan their revision more scientifically. 【答案】11．how 12．has learned/has learnt 13．practical 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了心理学领域著名的艾宾浩斯曲线，也叫遗忘曲线，具体包含大脑的遗忘规律及这个曲线的意义。 11．考查宾语从句。句意：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是心理学中一个著名的理论，它介绍了人们随着时间的流逝是如何遗忘信息的。此处引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，应用连接副词how“如何”引导。故填how。 12．考查动词时态。句意：根据他的研究，如果不复习，一个人在一天之内就会忘记一半的所学知识。根据句意可知，此处强调“已经学到的知识”，强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，应用现在完成时，主语是he，助动词使用has，learn的过去分词是learned或learnt。故填has learned或has learnt。 13．考查形容词。句意：这条曲线特别鼓励我们在记忆中采用一些切实可行的复习策略。此处修饰名词strategies，应用形容词practical“（计划、方法等）切实有效的，切实可行的”，作定语。故填practical。 B 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 While engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also 14 (critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation 15 (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals? Does every student feel 16 (support) at school? Do students understand the value of what they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens. 【答案】14．more critical 15．are driven 16．supported 【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讨论学校中学生参与度的重要性、挑战性及其驱动因素，强调参与度不仅仅是课程趣味性，还涉及学生目标塑造、支持感和价值认知等方面。 14．考查比较级。句意：虽然对学校来说，实现学生参与度（的提升）从未像现在这样具有挑战性，但它也比以往任何时候都更加关键。根据后文than ever可知用比较级，在前面加more。故填more critical。 15．考查时态语态。句意：进一步研究后发现，参与度和积极性是由多种因素共同作用所导致的。主语engagement and motivation与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事实用一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填are driven。 16．考查形容词。句意：每个学生在学校里都感到受到支持吗？感官动词feel后接形容词作表语student与support之间是被动关系（感到被支持），故用过去分词转化的形容词“supported”，表示“受到支持的”。故填supported。 C 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if 17 (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, 18 , most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by 19 (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand 20   habits work. 【答案】17．left 18．which 19．ourselves 20．how 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍青少年易养成不良习惯及改变习惯的可能性。 17．考查非谓语动词。句意：这些不良习惯如果不加以控制，在他们成年后可能会导致更严重的习惯。此处为if引导的条件状语从句中的省略结构，bad habits与leave为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词，完整形式为“if they are left unchecked”。故填left。 18．考查定语从句。句意：例如，有些人可能会染上吸烟或酗酒的恶习，大多数专家认为，这可能会导致身心健康问题。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为“tobacco or alcohol abuse”，指物，在从句中作主语，用关系代词which。故填which。 19．考查代词。句意：在很多方面，我们的生活方式是我们自己做出的选择的总和。此处为固定搭配“by oneself”，意为“独自、亲自”，主语是we，所以用反身代词ourselves。故填ourselves。 20．考查宾语从句。句意：好消息是，如果我们了解习惯是如何运作的，我们就能改变它。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句，作understand的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，表“习惯如何运作”，用连接词how。故填how。 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A As April 18 marks the International Day for Monuments and Sites, also known as World Heritage Day, we’ve selected four archaeological (考古的) sites in China that deserve exploration. Zhoukoudian, Beijing Zhoukoudian, a UNESCO heritage site located 50 km from downtown Beijing, has been a significant site. At various parts of the site, scientists have unearthed the remains of early human “Peking Man” that date back more than 500,000 years, as well as of “Shandingdong Man”, who lived 30,000 years ago. Sanxingdui Ruins site, Sichuan province As one of the greatest archeological finds of the 20th century, the Sanxingdui Ruins are believed to be the remains of the Shu Kingdom, dating back at least 4,800 years and lasting over 2,000 years. The ruins are located in Guanghan city in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, covering 12 square kilometers. The Yinxu Ruins, Henan province The Yinxu Ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Anyang city, Henan province, was an ancient capital of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC-11th century BC). Spreading across over 30 square kilometers, the site features the greatest number of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文) discovered so far in the world. The Daming Palace, Shaanxi province Famous for its super-large scale and magnificent buildings, Daming Palace was the main royal palace in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) where Tang emperors lived and dealt with state affairs. Covering 3.2 square kilometers, it fully demonstrates the majestic style of grand architecture during the Tang empire. 21．Which site reflects the earliest human? A．Zhoukoudian. B．The Yinxu Ruins. C．The Daming Palace. D．Sanxingdui Ruins site. 22．What is the Yinxu Ruins known for? A．The grand architecture. B．Oracle bone inscriptions. C．Royal palace in the Tang Dynasty. D．The remains of the Shu Kingdom. 23．Where can the text probably be found? A．In a novel. B．In a biography. C．In a history book. D．In a guidebook. 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 【导语】本文为一篇应用文，介绍了中国四个值得探索的考古遗址。 21．细节理解题。根据Zhoukoudian, Beijing中“At various parts of the site, scientists have unearthed the remains of early human “Peking Man” that date back more than 500,000 years, as well as of “Shandingdong Man”, who lived 30,000 years ago.(在遗址的各个地方，科学家们发掘出了50多万年前的早期人类“北京猿人”，以及生活在3万年前的“山东猿人”)”及其余遗址反映的时间可知，北京周口店遗址能反映出最早的人类信息。故选A。 22．细节理解题。根据The Yinxu Ruins, Henan province中“Spreading across over 30 square kilometers, the site features the greatest number of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文) discovered so far in the world.(该遗址占地30多平方公里，是迄今为止世界上发现数量最多的甲骨文遗址)”可知，殷墟遗址以甲骨文出名。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As April 18 marks the International Day for Monuments and Sites, also known as World Heritage Day, we’ve selected four archaeological (考古的) sites in China that deserve exploration.(4月18日是国际古迹和遗址日，也被称为世界遗产日，我们在中国选择了四个值得探索的考古遗址)”及全文内容可知，本文介绍了四处考古遗址，可以在一本旅行指南中找到。故选D。 B Somewhere my acquaintance with the computer started when I was working on my thesis. I was initiated into it, quite unintentionally, when I was looking for a convenient way to store my research material. I have since been busy communicating with my readers and students through the net. I can hardly believe it myself that a technophobe like me could somehow get engaged with the most modern technology! Our son has left for university and our spoilt daughter has gone overseas. Since they left home the net has become the best way for our family to communicate and share our feelings. We started off sending messages by email only -just to say hello, to seek help and to caution. Messages such as: “Please have a look at this email. I can’t open it. “Or, one that I sent to my daughter says: “So you rang to say you’d lost your credit card. The very thing that I’ve been worrying about! If you don’t try hard to mend your careless ways, you’ll wake up one morning and find that you’ve lost your brain as well.” And my son’s messages are typical in their sensational (耸人听闻的) headings, such as “Help me please!” “Help again, please!” They are always about money, no different from the notes he left when he was young. My daughter, on the other hand, would persuade her elder brother like a grand old lady: “Don’t upset Mum when I’m not home. Go back to see Mum and Dad every now and then. They’ve only got you and me.” Recently, our son has been emailing me all kinds of articles: funny, touching, intellectual… the lot. Recommended reading, he said, would help me understand my students’ ideas and keep abreast of the times, so I wouldn’t be written off as over-the-hill too soon. I read the articles religiously, like a well-behaved pupil. I appreciate my son’s good will with mixed feelings. The kid I was bombarding with newspaper clippings not that long ago has now become my mentor! He must be thinking that his mother is still willing to embrace new ideas. That makes me feel proud, despite the confusing sense of role reversal that I have. Through the net, we chat, exchange ideas and encourage each other with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use. Every time I sit in front of the computer and read those instant messages, I feel family warmth welling up in my heart and a profound gratitude to modern technology. 24．The author got acquainted with the net initially to ________. A．keep pace with the times B．communicate with her readers C．meet academic needs D．exchange ideas with her children 25．Why did the author mention so many messages in paragraph 3? A．To show her daughter’s immaturity. B．To indicate the net’s influence on her. C．To blame her daughter’s carelessness. D．To express her love for her children. 26．Which of the following can best describe the author in the son’s eyes? A．Open-minded. B．Well-educated. C．Well-behaved. D．Old-fashioned. 27．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．It is the Power of the Net B．Technology Changes Life C．Here Comes an Internet Mum D．Mum’s Role Changes 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，作者最初因撰写论文、储存研究资料的学术需求接触电脑和网络，后来网络成为家人间沟通的重要桥梁。作者通过邮件与子女交流，儿子还会分享文章帮助作者了解学生想法、跟上时代，作者也在这一过程中感受到家庭温暖，并对现代科技心怀感激，展现了一位逐渐适应并受益于网络的母亲形象。 24．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Somewhere my acquaintance with the computer started when I was working on my thesis. I was initiated into it, quite unintentionally, when I was looking for a convenient way to store my research material. (我对电脑的了解是从写论文开始的。我是在无意中开始接触它的，当时我正在寻找一种方便的方式来存储我的研究资料。)”可知，作者最初接触网络是为了满足撰写论文、储存研究资料的学术需求。故选C项。 25．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Since they left home the net has become the best way for our family to communicate and share our feelings. (自从他们离开家后，网络成了我们家人沟通和分享感受的最佳方式。)”以及最后一段“Through the net, we chat, exchange ideas and encourage each other with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use. Every time I sit in front of the computer and read those instant messages, I feel family warmth welling up in my heart and a profound gratitude to modern technology. (通过网络，我们聊天、交流想法，还会用一种平日里很少使用的温柔而美好的语言互相鼓励。每当我坐在电脑前，阅读那些即时消息时，心中便会涌起一股家庭的温暖，同时也对现代科技怀有深深的感激。)”可知，自从作者的孩子离开家以后，网络成了家人沟通和分享感受的最佳方式，每当作者坐在电脑前，阅读那些即时消息时，心中便会涌起一股家庭的温暖，同时也对现代科技怀有深深的感激，可推理出作者提及这么多信息是为了表达网络对自己的影响。故选B项。 26．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Recommended reading, he said, would help me understand my students’ ideas and keep abreast of the times, so I wouldn’t be written off as over-the-hill too soon. I read the articles religiously, like an well-behaved pupil. I appreciate my son’s good will with mixed feelings. The kid I was bombarding with newspaper clippings not that long ago has now become my mentor! He must be thinking that his mother is still willing to embrace new ideas. That makes me feel proud, despite the confusing sense of role reversal that I have. (他说，这些推荐阅读的文章能帮我理解学生们的想法，还能让我跟上时代步伐，这样我就不会太早被认为是“过气的人”了。我像个听话的学生一样，认真地读着这些文章。我怀着复杂的心情感激儿子的这份好意。不久前还被我灌输各种剪报的小家伙，现在居然成了我的导师！他一定觉得，妈妈仍然愿意接受新观念。尽管这种角色反转让我有些困惑，但这也让我感到自豪。)”可知，儿子主动给作者分享文章，认为作者愿意接受新事物，由此可推知在儿子眼中，作者是思想开放的人。故选A项。 27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Somewhere my acquaintance with the computer started when I was working on my thesis. I was initiated into it, quite unintentionally, when I was looking for a convenient way to store my research material. (我对电脑的了解是从写论文开始的。我是在无意中开始接触它的，当时我正在寻找一种方便的方式来存储我的研究资料。)”、第二段“Since they left home the net has become the best way for our family to communicate and share our feelings. (自从他们离开家后，网络成了我们家人沟通和分享感受的最佳方式。)”、倒数第二段“Recommended reading, he said, would help me understand my students’ ideas and keep abreast of the times, so I wouldn’t be written off as over-the-hill too soon. I read the articles religiously, like an well-behaved pupil. I appreciate my son’s good will with mixed feelings. The kid I was bombarding with newspaper clippings not that long ago has now become my mentor! He must be thinking that his mother is still willing to embrace new ideas. That makes me feel proud, despite the confusing sense of role reversal that I have. (他说，这些推荐阅读的文章能帮我理解学生们的想法，还能让我跟上时代步伐，这样我就不会太早被认为是“过气的人”了。我像个听话的学生一样，认真地读着这些文章。我怀着复杂的心情感激儿子的这份好意。不久前还被我灌输各种剪报的小家伙，现在居然成了我的导师！他一定觉得，妈妈仍然愿意接受新观念。尽管这种角色反转让我有些困惑，但这也让我感到自豪。)”以及最后一段“Through the net, we chat, exchange ideas and encourage each other with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use. Every time I sit in front of the computer and read those instant messages, I feel family warmth welling up in my heart and a profound gratitude to modern technology.( 通过网络，我们聊天、交流想法，还会用一种平日里很少使用的温柔而美好的语言互相鼓励。每当我坐在电脑前，阅读那些即时消息时，心中便会涌起一股家庭的温暖，同时也对现代科技怀有深深的感激。)”可知，文章开篇讲述作者因学术需求接触网络，随后围绕作者通过网络与子女沟通、儿子帮助作者借助网络了解新事物、作者在网络中感受家庭温暖等内容展开，核心围绕“作者这位母亲与网络的关联”展开，C项“Here Comes an Internet Mum (一位网络妈妈来了)”既体现了作者逐渐适应网络的身份特点，又能概括文章主要内容，是最佳标题。故选C项。 C A report from the UN reveals that drylands, including vast areas of desert, cover 41.3% of Earth’s total land area. What if large amounts of this land could be transformed into fertile (肥沃的) ground capable of producing crops? In 2016, researchers from China’s Chongqing Jiaotong University developed a novel technology that can greatly improve the ability of desert sands to hold water, air and minerals essential for plant growth. It was applied to a sandy 1.6-hectare (公顷) plot in the Ulan Buh Desert, in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. Over time, the plot was transformed into cropland capable of producing tomatoes, rice, watermelon, sunflowers, and corn. Professor Yang Qingguo of Chongqing Jiaotong University explained that “The costs of artificial materials and machines for transforming sand into the soil is lower compared with controlled environmental agriculture and reclamation (开垦).” The research work at Chongqing Jiaotong University is not the first Chinese attempt to turn deserts into fertile land. As early as 1978, China launched the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, also known as the Great Green Wall. The goal of this program is to stop the expansion of the vast Gobi Desert and launch reforestation projects in the northeast, north, and northwest regions. It is a long-term initiative, scheduled for completion in 2050. In the past several decades, more than 7.88 million hectares of windbreak trees have been planted, 336,200 square kilometers of desert land have been reclaimed, and more than 10 million hectares of grasslands have been protected or restored. At the same time, in the Loess Gateau, grass and forest coverage has been increased by around 60%, and the silt (淤泥) build-up in the Yellow River has been reduced significantly. Beyond the Great Green Wall, China has taken other measures to stop the spread of deserts. Desert greening is a challenging task, but the experiments conducted in China and other parts of the world to implement desert reforestation have raised hopes for a healthy and resourceful future ahead. 28．What do we know about the application of the new technology in the Ulan Buh Desert? A．It produced as much as fertile soils did. B．It showed the benefits of organic fertilizers. C．It proved sandy land could support diverse crops. D．It resulted in the plot becoming a tourist attraction. 29．What is the advantage of creating soil from sand according to Professor Yang? A．It is lower in cost. B．It is more eco-friendly. C．It produces fast-growing crops. D．It simplifies the farming process. 30．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 about the Great Green Wall? A．It has significantly improved the ecological environment. B．It focused only on planting trees in desert areas. C．It was completed ahead of schedule. D．It mainly benefited the Yellow River region. 31．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Challenges of Desert Greening. B．China’s Efforts in Turning Deserts into Farmland. C．The Role of the UN in Combating Desertification. D．The History of the Great Green Wall Project. 【答案】28．C 29．A 30．A 31．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了联合国报告显示干旱土地占比大，中国研发新技术改造沙漠，且启动三北防护林工程，为沙漠绿化带来希望。 28．推理判断题。根据第二段“Over time, the plot was transformed into cropland capable of producing tomatoes, rice, watermelon, sunflowers, and corn. (随着时间的推移，这片土地变成了能够种植西红柿、大米、西瓜、向日葵和玉米的农田。)”可知，新技术在乌兰布和沙漠的应用证明了沙地可以种植多样化的作物。故选C。 29．细节理解题。根据第三段“The costs of artificial materials and machines for transforming sand into the soil is lower compared with controlled environmental agriculture and reclamation (开垦). (与控制环境的农业和开垦相比，将沙子转化为土壤的人工材料和机器的成本更低。)”可知，杨教授认为以沙造土的优势是它的成本更低。故选A。 30．推理判断题。根据第五段“In the past several decades, more than 7.88 million hectares of windbreak trees have been planted, 336,200 square kilometers of desert land have been reclaimed, and more than 10 million hectares of grasslands have been protected or restored. At the same time, in the Loess Gateau, grass and forest coverage has been increased by around 60%, and the silt (淤泥) build-up in the Yellow River has been reduced significantly. (几十年来，共种植防风林788万多公顷，复垦荒漠33.62万平方公里，保护和恢复草原1000多万公顷。与此同时，黄土高原的草地和森林覆盖率增加了60%左右，黄河淤积泥沙明显减少。)”可知，从第5段可以推断出绿色长城明显改善了生态环境，故选A。 31．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“In 2016, researchers from China’s Chongqing Jiaotong University developed a novel technology that can greatly improve the ability of desert sands to hold water, air and minerals essential for plant growth. It was applied to a sandy 1.6-hectare (公顷) plot in the Ulan Buh Desert, in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. Over time, the plot was transformed into cropland capable of producing tomatoes, rice, watermelon, sunflowers, and corn. (2016年，中国重庆交通大学的研究人员开发了一种新技术，可以极大地提高沙漠沙子保持植物生长所必需的水、空气和矿物质的能力。它被应用于内蒙古自治区乌兰布和沙漠1.6公顷的沙质地块。随着时间的推移，这片土地变成了能够种植西红柿、大米、西瓜、向日葵和玉米的农田。)”和第四段“As early as 1978, China launched the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, also known as the Great Green Wall. (早在1978年，中国就启动了三北防护林工程，也被称为绿色长城。)”可知，本文主要讲述了中国在治理沙漠方面的努力，包括重庆交通大学研发新技术将沙漠变成肥沃的土地以及中国早期的“三北防护林工程”，并指出这些努力为未来的健康和资源丰富的未来带来了希望，因此最恰当的标题是B选项“China’s Efforts in Turning Deserts into Farmland. (中国在将沙漠变为农田方面的努力。)”。故选B。 D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reason has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is shaped from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity are results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have borne fruit. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 32．Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A．To predict the research results. B．To emphasize the importance of exploring. C．To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D．To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 33．What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A．Human mind is always blank. B．People’s behaviors are learned. C．Behavior is determined genetically. D．Culture has little influence on human. 34．What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Cautious. 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕心理学中最为古老且备受争议的“先天与后天”之争展开讨论，介绍了“先天”和“后天”两种理论的内容及人们对这两种理论的态度。 32．推理判断题。根据第一段中“Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reasons has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate.(好奇心一直是人类最天生和最普遍的品质之一。我们对真理和理性的无尽追求导致了世界上许多重要的发现。然而，我们对世界的了解越多，最终就会产生更多需要回答的问题。在世界上所有的奇迹中，人类心理学被认为是最具争议的之一。大脑的复杂性及其对人类行为的反映一直是许多研究和辩论的主题。心理学中最古老且仍然备受争议的论点之一就是先天与后天之争)”可推知，作者在第一段提到“好奇心”，是为了引出后文对心理学中最古老且备受争议的先天与后天之争的讨论。故选C项。 33．细节理解题。根据第三段中“In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is honed from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences.(相比之下，后天培养理论认为，行为是由社会文化因素塑造的。这一理论以约翰·洛克的“白板说”理论为指导，该理论认为，人类的大脑在原始状态下是一块白板，逐渐被来自直接和间接经验的信息所填充)”可知，约翰·洛克的“白板说”理论认为，人类的行为是通过后天经验学习得来的。故选B项。 34．推理判断题。根据第四段“The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct.(“先天与后天”之争这一术语是由弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士提出的，他认为智力是一种可量化的、可遗传的人类特征。他还认为智力可以代代相传。因此，高智商的人生出高智商后代的可能性很大，而智商低于平均水平的人生出低智商后代的可能性更大。然而，后天培养理论的信徒认为，智力是获取资源和机会不平等的结果。因此，智力不是遗传的产物，而是社会建构的结果)”可知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士认为智力是遗传的，而后天培养理论的信徒认为智力是社会建构的结果。由此推知，弗朗西斯·高尔顿爵士对后天培养理论持不赞成的态度。故选A项。 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 35 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members. 36 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities. “Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 37 .” Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 38 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual. Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties? 39 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class. A．The research involved students B．You find yourself in a better mood C．We just need to engage with other people D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information 【答案】35．F 36．G 37．E 38．A 39．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了社会学中的“弱连接”概念（指非亲密朋友或家人的人际关系），阐述了其在提供独特信息资源、促进心理健康等方面的作用，并给出建立弱连接的建议。 35．根据上文“However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections.(然而，想一想在一个典型的星期里，你与之互动的人中有多少是你认为不亲密的人)”可知，上文提到了你认为不亲密的人，可推理出空白处在举例说明那些不亲密的人，与F项“For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store(例如，你和经常在商店为你服务的人聊天)”表达的含义一致，故选F项。 36．根据下文“For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities.(例如，如果你和一群亲密的朋友谈论你的求职，他们可能只知道和你一样的求职机会，因为你们在同一个圈子里。然而，如果你对一个熟人，比如一个经常为你服务的服务员提起这件事，就会把你和你社交圈之外的人联系起来，这可能会提供意想不到的工作机会)”可知，此处是在对比亲密关系和弱连接在信息获取上的不同，与G项“Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information(牢固的关系往往形成封闭的社会群体，导致新信息有限)”表达的含义一致，通过对比说明弱连接的优势，故选G项。 37．根据上文““Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties (伊利诺伊州立大学的杰出教授苏珊·斯普雷彻说：“弱连接可以发挥亲密关系无法发挥的特殊功能，包括提供独特的信息和资源。”“此外，许多人一天中与弱连接的互动比与亲密关系的互动更多”)”可知，此处是在说明弱连接的好处，与E项“This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being(这种多样化的社交网络与良好的健康和幸福有关)”表达的含义一致，进一步阐述弱连接带来的积极影响，故选E项。 38．根据下文“They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual.(他们报告说，在与比平时更多的同学互动的日子里，他们感到更快乐，更有归属感)”可知，此处是在说明研究的对象，与A项“The research involved students(这项研究涉及学生)”表达的含义一致，引出下文对研究结果的描述，故选A项。 39．根据上文“Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties?(鉴于它们对我们的生活有如此大的影响，为什么不建立弱连接呢？)”以及下文“Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class.(通常，这意味着走出去和别人交谈，无论是你在街上遇到的人，在商店里为你服务的人，还是和你一起上课的人)”可知，此处是在说明建立弱连接的方法，与C项“We just need to engage with other people(我们仅仅需要和其他人交往即可)”表达的含义一致，承接上文的问题，引出下文具体的做法，故选C项。 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The Reason Why You Should Use Simple Dialogue Tags During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions, characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh? The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob or weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting — we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. 40．Why are writers tempted to use creative dialogue tags? 41．In what way are dialogue tags similar to lighting in a Broadway play? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. A dialogue tag should never be the diamond in any given sentence because dialogue is what matters and a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself. 43．Besides avoiding creative dialogue tags, how can you write a good story? (In about 40words) 【答案】40．Because we’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. 41．Without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. 42．A dialogue tag should never be the diamond in any given sentence because dialogue is what matters and a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself. According to the passage, a dialogue tag is part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. 43．Version 1: Shaping compelling characters is key to writing a good story. When characters are well-developed, with distinct personalities, motivations, and flaws, they feel real and relatable to readers. Their decisions and growth drive the plot, allowing readers to become emotionally invested in their journeys, which makes the story more engaging. Version 2: Interacting with people from different backgrounds can be helpful. It offers fresh viewpoints and ideas. Listening to their stories and understanding their perspectives allows us to incorporate diverse themes into our writing. This broadens our storytelling scope and makes the work more inclusive and engaging. 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了应该使用简单的对话标签的原因，指出好故事依赖生动的对话、角色塑造和“展示而非讲述”的技巧，而非花哨的对话标签。 40．细节理解题。根据第三段中“The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. (我越想越能理解这种诱惑。我们总是被鼓励在写作中使用有力且富有表现力的动词)”可知，作家倾向于使用花哨的对话标签是因为总是被鼓励在写作中使用有力且富有表现力的动词。故答案为：Because we’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. 41．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. (对话标签就像百老汇戏剧中的灯光：没有它，观众会完全看不懂剧情，但它通常都力求在不起眼处发挥作用)”可知，文章将对话标签比作舞台灯光，两者的相似之处在于：没有它，观众会完全看不懂剧情，但它通常都力求在不起眼处发挥作用。故答案为：Without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. 42．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. (对话标签不过是叙事旅途中的路标，轻声提示着谁说了什么。它是故事体验的一部分，却并非故事本身的一部分——也不该被视为故事本身的一部分)”可知，错误的部分是“a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself (对话标签只是故事本身的一部分)”，因为文章认为对话标签是故事体验的一部分，并非故事本身的一部分，也不该被视为故事本身的一部分。故答案为：A dialogue tag should never be the diamond in any given sentence because dialogue is what matters and a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself. According to the passage, a dialogue tag is part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. 43．开放性试题。本题答案不唯一，结合实际情况言之有理即可。例如，可以从故事的角色入手，塑造引人入胜的角色是写出好故事的关键。当角色被塑造的很好，具有鲜明的个性、动机和缺陷时，他们就会让读者感到真实，引起共鸣。他们的决定和成长推动了情节的发展，让读者在他们的旅程中投入情感，从而使故事更具吸引力。再例如，可以着眼于故事的主题，与来自不同背景的人交流是有帮助的。这提供了新的观点和想法。倾听他们的故事，理解他们的观点，可以让我们在写作中融入不同的主题。这扩大了我们讲故事的范围，使作品更具包容性和吸引力。故答案为：Version 1: Shaping compelling characters is key to writing a good story. When characters are well-developed, with distinct personalities, motivations, and flaws, they feel real and relatable to readers. Their decisions and growth drive the plot, allowing readers to become emotionally invested in their journeys, which makes the story more engaging. / Version 2: Interacting with people from different backgrounds can be helpful. It offers fresh viewpoints and ideas. Listening to their stories and understanding their perspectives allows us to incorporate diverse themes into our writing. This broadens our storytelling scope and makes the work more inclusive and engaging. 第二节(20分) 44．当今保持健康和运动越来越被人们看重，“Exercise an hour every day, healthy life for a lifetime.”也成为人们口中的热门话题。假定你是李华，请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。 1.你对这个话题的理解； 2.你喜欢的运动项目及活动情况； 3.该运动给你生活和学习带来的益处。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头语已写好，不计入总词数。 Nowadays, sports are a very important part of our life. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】    Nowadays, sports are an important part of our life. They positively impact both teenagers and adults. Those who keep on taking exercises regularly will keep fit and live a happy life. (理解6’) My favourite is playing basketball. I’ve been playing it since eight. After school I usually spend an hour on it, which not only builds up my body but makes me refreshed. (喜欢的项目+活动情况8’) The qualities, values as well as the hardships encountered on the court have helped me grow. As I practiced, my skills improved. I found myself more confident and that I was able to reach my goals if I worked hard enough to overcome difficulties on my subjects, and this also reflected in other areas of my life. (该运动对学习和生活带来的益处8’) Let’s do sports together and enjoy a healthy life! (合适结尾3’) 【导语】本篇书面表达是一篇开放性作文。要求考生以“Exercise an hour every day, healthy life for a lifetime.”为话题，写一篇短文。 【详解】1.词汇积累 重要的：important→significant 影响：impact→influence 偶遇：encounter→come across 克服：overcome→get over 2.句式拓展 合并句子 原句：Nowadays, sports are an important part of our life. They positively impact both teenagers and adults. 拓展句：Nowadays, sports are an important part of our life, which positively impact both teenagers and adults. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Those who keep on taking exercises regularly will keep fit and live a happy life.（运用了who引导限制性定语从句） [高分句型2] I found myself more confident and that I was able to reach my goals if I worked hard enough to overcome difficulties on my subjects, and this also reflected in other areas of my life.（运用了that引导宾语从句，if引导条件状语从句） 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷02） 参考答案及评分标准 第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．D 10．A 第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 【答案】11．how 12．has learned/has learnt 13．practical 【答案】14．more critical 15．are driven 16．supported 【答案】17．left 18．which 19．ourselves 20．how 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 【答案】21．A 22．B 23．D 【答案】24．C 25．B 26．A 27．C 【答案】28．C 29．A 30．A 31．B 【答案】32．C 33．B 34．A 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 【答案】35．F 36．G 37．E 38．A 39．C 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 【答案】40．Because we’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. 41．Without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. 42．A dialogue tag should never be the diamond in any given sentence because dialogue is what matters and a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself. According to the passage, a dialogue tag is part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. 43．Version 1: Shaping compelling characters is key to writing a good story. When characters are well-developed, with distinct personalities, motivations, and flaws, they feel real and relatable to readers. Their decisions and growth drive the plot, allowing readers to become emotionally invested in their journeys, which makes the story more engaging. Version 2: Interacting with people from different backgrounds can be helpful. It offers fresh viewpoints and ideas. Listening to their stories and understanding their perspectives allows us to incorporate diverse themes into our writing. This broadens our storytelling scope and makes the work more inclusive and engaging. 第二节(20分) 【答案】    Nowadays, sports are an important part of our life. They positively impact both teenagers and adults. Those who keep on taking exercises regularly will keep fit and live a happy life. (理解6’) My favourite is playing basketball. I’ve been playing it since eight. After school I usually spend an hour on it, which not only builds up my body but makes me refreshed. (喜欢的项目+活动情况8’) The qualities, values as well as the hardships encountered on the court have helped me grow. As I practiced, my skills improved. I found myself more confident and that I was able to reach my goals if I worked hard enough to overcome difficulties on my subjects, and this also reflected in other areas of my life. (该运动对学习和生活带来的益处8’) Let’s do sports together and enjoy a healthy life! (合适结尾3’) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷02） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Gertrude Grew Great Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At home, she helped out just enough to slide by. At school, she did just enough homework to stay out of 1 . She had straight C’s in all of her classes. One day Gertrude’s teacher stopped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the work you do in class, and some of it is 2 .” Gertrude knew there were moments when she did try a little harder than what everyone 3 , like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she could change. She had done just enough to 4 for so long. In fact, she was scared by the thought of having the power to become whatever she wanted. That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years into the future. She could not find an average job, because even the average jobs were 5 by above-average workers. Gertrude wanted her own place, her own life. A voice spoke in the dream: “The present is nothing more than the 6 of the choices made in the past. The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped 7 the world where she lived, and the choices she made had produced the options she had. The next day, she tried harder in school, and she felt 8   than usual. She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical. Soon the pattern of success 9 that of being normal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning from her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult. But her 10 was above average, because her life was hers. 1．A．trouble B．order C．sight D．debt 2．A．challenging B．amusing C．amazing D．encouraging 3．A．learned B．insisted C．expected D．complained 4．A．give in B．get by C．show up D．stand out 5．A．offered B．filled C．refused D．valued 6．A．chance B．risk C．reward D．outcome 7．A．shape B．lead C．better D．protect 8．A．sadder B．smarter C．calmer D．freer 9．A．followed B．covered C．produced D．replaced 10．A．happiness B．anxiety C．sadness D．loneliness 第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） A 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve is a famous theory in psychology, which shows 11 people forget information over time. Discovered by German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus, it reveals that memory loss occurs rapidly shortly after learning, followed by a slower decline. According to his research, without reviewing, a man forgets about half of what he 12 (learn) within just one day. However, if repeating the material at regular intervals, he can significantly slow down this process. The curve especially encourages us to adopt some 13 (practice) review strategies in memorization. Using this theory, students can plan their revision more scientifically. B 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 While engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also 14 (critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation 15 (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals? Does every student feel 16 (support) at school? Do students understand the value of what they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens. C 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if 17 (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, 18 , most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by 19 (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand 20   habits work. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A As April 18 marks the International Day for Monuments and Sites, also known as World Heritage Day, we’ve selected four archaeological (考古的) sites in China that deserve exploration. Zhoukoudian, Beijing Zhoukoudian, a UNESCO heritage site located 50 km from downtown Beijing, has been a significant site. At various parts of the site, scientists have unearthed the remains of early human “Peking Man” that date back more than 500,000 years, as well as of “Shandingdong Man”, who lived 30,000 years ago. Sanxingdui Ruins site, Sichuan province As one of the greatest archeological finds of the 20th century, the Sanxingdui Ruins are believed to be the remains of the Shu Kingdom, dating back at least 4,800 years and lasting over 2,000 years. The ruins are located in Guanghan city in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, covering 12 square kilometers. The Yinxu Ruins, Henan province The Yinxu Ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Anyang city, Henan province, was an ancient capital of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC-11th century BC). Spreading across over 30 square kilometers, the site features the greatest number of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文) discovered so far in the world. The Daming Palace, Shaanxi province Famous for its super-large scale and magnificent buildings, Daming Palace was the main royal palace in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) where Tang emperors lived and dealt with state affairs. Covering 3.2 square kilometers, it fully demonstrates the majestic style of grand architecture during the Tang empire. 21．Which site reflects the earliest human? A．Zhoukoudian. B．The Yinxu Ruins. C．The Daming Palace. D．Sanxingdui Ruins site. 22．What is the Yinxu Ruins known for? A．The grand architecture. B．Oracle bone inscriptions. C．Royal palace in the Tang Dynasty. D．The remains of the Shu Kingdom. 23．Where can the text probably be found? A．In a novel. B．In a biography. C．In a history book. D．In a guidebook. B Somewhere my acquaintance with the computer started when I was working on my thesis. I was initiated into it, quite unintentionally, when I was looking for a convenient way to store my research material. I have since been busy communicating with my readers and students through the net. I can hardly believe it myself that a technophobe like me could somehow get engaged with the most modern technology! Our son has left for university and our spoilt daughter has gone overseas. Since they left home the net has become the best way for our family to communicate and share our feelings. We started off sending messages by email only -just to say hello, to seek help and to caution. Messages such as: “Please have a look at this email. I can’t open it. “Or, one that I sent to my daughter says: “So you rang to say you’d lost your credit card. The very thing that I’ve been worrying about! If you don’t try hard to mend your careless ways, you’ll wake up one morning and find that you’ve lost your brain as well.” And my son’s messages are typical in their sensational (耸人听闻的) headings, such as “Help me please!” “Help again, please!” They are always about money, no different from the notes he left when he was young. My daughter, on the other hand, would persuade her elder brother like a grand old lady: “Don’t upset Mum when I’m not home. Go back to see Mum and Dad every now and then. They’ve only got you and me.” Recently, our son has been emailing me all kinds of articles: funny, touching, intellectual… the lot. Recommended reading, he said, would help me understand my students’ ideas and keep abreast of the times, so I wouldn’t be written off as over-the-hill too soon. I read the articles religiously, like a well-behaved pupil. I appreciate my son’s good will with mixed feelings. The kid I was bombarding with newspaper clippings not that long ago has now become my mentor! He must be thinking that his mother is still willing to embrace new ideas. That makes me feel proud, despite the confusing sense of role reversal that I have. Through the net, we chat, exchange ideas and encourage each other with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use. Every time I sit in front of the computer and read those instant messages, I feel family warmth welling up in my heart and a profound gratitude to modern technology. 24．The author got acquainted with the net initially to ________. A．keep pace with the times B．communicate with her readers C．meet academic needs D．exchange ideas with her children 25．Why did the author mention so many messages in paragraph 3? A．To show her daughter’s immaturity. B．To indicate the net’s influence on her. C．To blame her daughter’s carelessness. D．To express her love for her children. 26．Which of the following can best describe the author in the son’s eyes? A．Open-minded. B．Well-educated. C．Well-behaved. D．Old-fashioned. 27．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．It is the Power of the Net B．Technology Changes Life C．Here Comes an Internet Mum D．Mum’s Role Changes C A report from the UN reveals that drylands, including vast areas of desert, cover 41.3% of Earth’s total land area. What if large amounts of this land could be transformed into fertile (肥沃的) ground capable of producing crops? In 2016, researchers from China’s Chongqing Jiaotong University developed a novel technology that can greatly improve the ability of desert sands to hold water, air and minerals essential for plant growth. It was applied to a sandy 1.6-hectare (公顷) plot in the Ulan Buh Desert, in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. Over time, the plot was transformed into cropland capable of producing tomatoes, rice, watermelon, sunflowers, and corn. Professor Yang Qingguo of Chongqing Jiaotong University explained that “The costs of artificial materials and machines for transforming sand into the soil is lower compared with controlled environmental agriculture and reclamation (开垦).” The research work at Chongqing Jiaotong University is not the first Chinese attempt to turn deserts into fertile land. As early as 1978, China launched the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, also known as the Great Green Wall. The goal of this program is to stop the expansion of the vast Gobi Desert and launch reforestation projects in the northeast, north, and northwest regions. It is a long-term initiative, scheduled for completion in 2050. In the past several decades, more than 7.88 million hectares of windbreak trees have been planted, 336,200 square kilometers of desert land have been reclaimed, and more than 10 million hectares of grasslands have been protected or restored. At the same time, in the Loess Gateau, grass and forest coverage has been increased by around 60%, and the silt (淤泥) build-up in the Yellow River has been reduced significantly. Beyond the Great Green Wall, China has taken other measures to stop the spread of deserts. Desert greening is a challenging task, but the experiments conducted in China and other parts of the world to implement desert reforestation have raised hopes for a healthy and resourceful future ahead. 28．What do we know about the application of the new technology in the Ulan Buh Desert? A．It produced as much as fertile soils did. B．It showed the benefits of organic fertilizers. C．It proved sandy land could support diverse crops. D．It resulted in the plot becoming a tourist attraction. 29．What is the advantage of creating soil from sand according to Professor Yang? A．It is lower in cost. B．It is more eco-friendly. C．It produces fast-growing crops. D．It simplifies the farming process. 30．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 about the Great Green Wall? A．It has significantly improved the ecological environment. B．It focused only on planting trees in desert areas. C．It was completed ahead of schedule. D．It mainly benefited the Yellow River region. 31．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Challenges of Desert Greening. B．China’s Efforts in Turning Deserts into Farmland. C．The Role of the UN in Combating Desertification. D．The History of the Great Green Wall Project. D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reason has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is shaped from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity are results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have borne fruit. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 32．Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A．To predict the research results. B．To emphasize the importance of exploring. C．To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D．To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 33．What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A．Human mind is always blank. B．People’s behaviors are learned. C．Behavior is determined genetically. D．Culture has little influence on human. 34．What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Cautious. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 35 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members. 36 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities. “Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 37 .” Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 38 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual. Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties? 39 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class. A．The research involved students B．You find yourself in a better mood C．We just need to engage with other people D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The Reason Why You Should Use Simple Dialogue Tags During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions, characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh? The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob or weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting — we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. 40．Why are writers tempted to use creative dialogue tags? 41．In what way are dialogue tags similar to lighting in a Broadway play? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. A dialogue tag should never be the diamond in any given sentence because dialogue is what matters and a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself. 43．Besides avoiding creative dialogue tags, how can you write a good story? (In about 40words) 第二节(20分) 44．当今保持健康和运动越来越被人们看重，“Exercise an hour every day, healthy life for a lifetime.”也成为人们口中的热门话题。假定你是李华，请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。 1.你对这个话题的理解； 2.你喜欢的运动项目及活动情况； 3.该运动给你生活和学习带来的益处。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头语已写好，不计入总词数。 Nowadays, sports are a very important part of our life. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第11页（共12页） 试题 第12页（共12页） 试题 第5页（共12页） 试题 第6页（共12页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【灿烂六月·高考金8卷】 备战2026年高考英语模拟卷（北京卷02） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分知识运用（共两节,满分30分） 第一节完形填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下面短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 When Gertrude Grew Great Gertrude was just an average kid with an average life. At home, she helped out just enough to slide by. At school, she did just enough homework to stay out of 1 . She had straight C’s in all of her classes. One day Gertrude’s teacher stopped her after class. “Gertrude,” he said, “I’ve seen the work you do in class, and some of it is 2 .” Gertrude knew there were moments when she did try a little harder than what everyone 3 , like when she took extra time with her homework to make it look fancy. But she didn’t really believe that she could change. She had done just enough to 4 for so long. In fact, she was scared by the thought of having the power to become whatever she wanted. That night, Gertrude had a dream. It was ten years into the future. She could not find an average job, because even the average jobs were 5 by above-average workers. Gertrude wanted her own place, her own life. A voice spoke in the dream: “The present is nothing more than the 6 of the choices made in the past. The future will only be the results of the choices we make today.” Gertrude began crying, because she knew she had helped 7 the world where she lived, and the choices she made had produced the options she had. The next day, she tried harder in school, and she felt 8   than usual. She helped more around the house, and she felt better than typical. Soon the pattern of success 9 that of being normal and Gertrude even became great at failing by learning from her mistakes. Ten years later, Gertrude lived in an average sized house and she was just the average adult. But her 10 was above average, because her life was hers. 1．A．trouble B．order C．sight D．debt 2．A．challenging B．amusing C．amazing D．encouraging 3．A．learned B．insisted C．expected D．complained 4．A．give in B．get by C．show up D．stand out 5．A．offered B．filled C．refused D．valued 6．A．chance B．risk C．reward D．outcome 7．A．shape B．lead C．better D．protect 8．A．sadder B．smarter C．calmer D．freer 9．A．followed B．covered C．produced D．replaced 10．A．happiness B．anxiety C．sadness D．loneliness 第二节语法填空（共10小题;每小题1.5分,共15分） A 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Ebbinghaus forgetting curve is a famous theory in psychology, which shows 11 people forget information over time. Discovered by German psychologist Hermann Ebbinghaus, it reveals that memory loss occurs rapidly shortly after learning, followed by a slower decline. According to his research, without reviewing, a man forgets about half of what he 12 (learn) within just one day. However, if repeating the material at regular intervals, he can significantly slow down this process. The curve especially encourages us to adopt some 13 (practice) review strategies in memorization. Using this theory, students can plan their revision more scientifically. B 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 While engagement has never been more challenging for schools to achieve, it’s also 14 (critical) than ever. Engagement is more than just ensuring that lessons are fun. Upon deeper examination, engagement and motivation 15 (drive) by several factors. Do students get an opportunity to help shape their goals? Does every student feel 16 (support) at school? Do students understand the value of what they’re learning and believe that this value outweighs the cost of effort? When these things are true, learning happens. C 阅读下面短文，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 It can be easy for teenagers to form bad habits in seeking independence. These bad habits, if 17 (leave) unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when they become adults. For example, some may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, 18 , most experts believe, can possibly lead to physical and mental health problems. To change these bad habits is never easy. In many ways, our lifestyle is the sum of choices we have made by 19 (we). We make a choice to do something, and then repeat it over and over again. Soon that choice becomes a habit that is much harder to change. The good news is that we can change it, if we understand 20   habits work. 第二部分 阅读理解（共两节, 38分） 第一节（共14小题; 每小题2分, 共28分） 阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A As April 18 marks the International Day for Monuments and Sites, also known as World Heritage Day, we’ve selected four archaeological (考古的) sites in China that deserve exploration. Zhoukoudian, Beijing Zhoukoudian, a UNESCO heritage site located 50 km from downtown Beijing, has been a significant site. At various parts of the site, scientists have unearthed the remains of early human “Peking Man” that date back more than 500,000 years, as well as of “Shandingdong Man”, who lived 30,000 years ago. Sanxingdui Ruins site, Sichuan province As one of the greatest archeological finds of the 20th century, the Sanxingdui Ruins are believed to be the remains of the Shu Kingdom, dating back at least 4,800 years and lasting over 2,000 years. The ruins are located in Guanghan city in Southwest China’s Sichuan province, covering 12 square kilometers. The Yinxu Ruins, Henan province The Yinxu Ruins, a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Anyang city, Henan province, was an ancient capital of the Shang Dynasty (16th century BC-11th century BC). Spreading across over 30 square kilometers, the site features the greatest number of oracle bone inscriptions (甲骨文) discovered so far in the world. The Daming Palace, Shaanxi province Famous for its super-large scale and magnificent buildings, Daming Palace was the main royal palace in the Tang Dynasty (618-907) where Tang emperors lived and dealt with state affairs. Covering 3.2 square kilometers, it fully demonstrates the majestic style of grand architecture during the Tang empire. 21．Which site reflects the earliest human? A．Zhoukoudian. B．The Yinxu Ruins. C．The Daming Palace. D．Sanxingdui Ruins site. 22．What is the Yinxu Ruins known for? A．The grand architecture. B．Oracle bone inscriptions. C．Royal palace in the Tang Dynasty. D．The remains of the Shu Kingdom. 23．Where can the text probably be found? A．In a novel. B．In a biography. C．In a history book. D．In a guidebook. B Somewhere my acquaintance with the computer started when I was working on my thesis. I was initiated into it, quite unintentionally, when I was looking for a convenient way to store my research material. I have since been busy communicating with my readers and students through the net. I can hardly believe it myself that a technophobe like me could somehow get engaged with the most modern technology! Our son has left for university and our spoilt daughter has gone overseas. Since they left home the net has become the best way for our family to communicate and share our feelings. We started off sending messages by email only -just to say hello, to seek help and to caution. Messages such as: “Please have a look at this email. I can’t open it. “Or, one that I sent to my daughter says: “So you rang to say you’d lost your credit card. The very thing that I’ve been worrying about! If you don’t try hard to mend your careless ways, you’ll wake up one morning and find that you’ve lost your brain as well.” And my son’s messages are typical in their sensational (耸人听闻的) headings, such as “Help me please!” “Help again, please!” They are always about money, no different from the notes he left when he was young. My daughter, on the other hand, would persuade her elder brother like a grand old lady: “Don’t upset Mum when I’m not home. Go back to see Mum and Dad every now and then. They’ve only got you and me.” Recently, our son has been emailing me all kinds of articles: funny, touching, intellectual… the lot. Recommended reading, he said, would help me understand my students’ ideas and keep abreast of the times, so I wouldn’t be written off as over-the-hill too soon. I read the articles religiously, like a well-behaved pupil. I appreciate my son’s good will with mixed feelings. The kid I was bombarding with newspaper clippings not that long ago has now become my mentor! He must be thinking that his mother is still willing to embrace new ideas. That makes me feel proud, despite the confusing sense of role reversal that I have. Through the net, we chat, exchange ideas and encourage each other with a gentle and beautiful language we seldom use. Every time I sit in front of the computer and read those instant messages, I feel family warmth welling up in my heart and a profound gratitude to modern technology. 24．The author got acquainted with the net initially to ________. A．keep pace with the times B．communicate with her readers C．meet academic needs D．exchange ideas with her children 25．Why did the author mention so many messages in paragraph 3? A．To show her daughter’s immaturity. B．To indicate the net’s influence on her. C．To blame her daughter’s carelessness. D．To express her love for her children. 26．Which of the following can best describe the author in the son’s eyes? A．Open-minded. B．Well-educated. C．Well-behaved. D．Old-fashioned. 27．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．It is the Power of the Net B．Technology Changes Life C．Here Comes an Internet Mum D．Mum’s Role Changes C A report from the UN reveals that drylands, including vast areas of desert, cover 41.3% of Earth’s total land area. What if large amounts of this land could be transformed into fertile (肥沃的) ground capable of producing crops? In 2016, researchers from China’s Chongqing Jiaotong University developed a novel technology that can greatly improve the ability of desert sands to hold water, air and minerals essential for plant growth. It was applied to a sandy 1.6-hectare (公顷) plot in the Ulan Buh Desert, in the Inner Mongolian Autonomous Region. Over time, the plot was transformed into cropland capable of producing tomatoes, rice, watermelon, sunflowers, and corn. Professor Yang Qingguo of Chongqing Jiaotong University explained that “The costs of artificial materials and machines for transforming sand into the soil is lower compared with controlled environmental agriculture and reclamation (开垦).” The research work at Chongqing Jiaotong University is not the first Chinese attempt to turn deserts into fertile land. As early as 1978, China launched the Three-North Shelter Forest Program, also known as the Great Green Wall. The goal of this program is to stop the expansion of the vast Gobi Desert and launch reforestation projects in the northeast, north, and northwest regions. It is a long-term initiative, scheduled for completion in 2050. In the past several decades, more than 7.88 million hectares of windbreak trees have been planted, 336,200 square kilometers of desert land have been reclaimed, and more than 10 million hectares of grasslands have been protected or restored. At the same time, in the Loess Gateau, grass and forest coverage has been increased by around 60%, and the silt (淤泥) build-up in the Yellow River has been reduced significantly. Beyond the Great Green Wall, China has taken other measures to stop the spread of deserts. Desert greening is a challenging task, but the experiments conducted in China and other parts of the world to implement desert reforestation have raised hopes for a healthy and resourceful future ahead. 28．What do we know about the application of the new technology in the Ulan Buh Desert? A．It produced as much as fertile soils did. B．It showed the benefits of organic fertilizers. C．It proved sandy land could support diverse crops. D．It resulted in the plot becoming a tourist attraction. 29．What is the advantage of creating soil from sand according to Professor Yang? A．It is lower in cost. B．It is more eco-friendly. C．It produces fast-growing crops. D．It simplifies the farming process. 30．What can be inferred from Paragraph 5 about the Great Green Wall? A．It has significantly improved the ecological environment. B．It focused only on planting trees in desert areas. C．It was completed ahead of schedule. D．It mainly benefited the Yellow River region. 31．What is the most suitable title for the text? A．The Challenges of Desert Greening. B．China’s Efforts in Turning Deserts into Farmland. C．The Role of the UN in Combating Desertification. D．The History of the Great Green Wall Project. D Nature vs. Nurture Curiosity has always been one of the most innate and prevailing qualities of humankind. Our endless pursuit of truth and reason has resulted in a lot of crucial discoveries in the world. However, the more we uncover the world, the more we end up generating more questions to answer. Out of all the wonders of the world, human psychology is deemed to be one of the most controversial. The complexity of the mind and its reflection on human behavior has been a subject of many studies and debates. One of the oldest and, still, most talked about argument in psychology is the nature against nurture debate. Nature refers to the biological structure and processes that determine a person’s physical and behavioral attributes. Due to the advancement of genetics, scientists have uncovered that physical traits such as eye color, hair type, height, and life expectancy of a person can strongly be related to the genetic makeup. These discoveries have led to the speculation that most psychological characteristics like intellect, personality, and language acquisition ability are already pre-wired to our system through our genetic pattern. In contrast, nurture theory suggests that behavior is shaped from socio-cultural factors. This theory is guided by John Locke’s “blank slate” theory, which refers to the idea that the human mind, in its primal state, is a blank slate that is gradually filled in with information derived from direct and indirect experiences. This theory states people’s characteristics and behavioral diversity are results of social and cultural influences encountered during their development. The term Nature vs. Nurture debate was put forward by Sir Francis Galton, who believed that intellect is a quantifiable and hereditary (遗传的) human trait. He also believed that intellect can be passed from generation to generation. Thus, people with high intelligence have a major chance of having highly intellectual offspring, while people having lower than average intellect are more likely to have low intellectual offspring. However, the believers of nurture theory believed that intellectual ability is the result of inequalities in access to resources and opportunities. Thus, intellect is not a product of heredity but more of a result of the social construct. Countless research and experimentation have been conducted to put an end to the seemingly endless debate. Psychologists and researchers of the present already embrace the idea that a person’s character is highly influenced by his genetic makeup and the environment. The years of labored research on nature and nurture theory finally have borne fruit. Technology and research have expanded a better understanding of the human personality and mind, and will just continuously do as time passes by. 32．Why does the author mention “curiosity” in the first paragraph? A．To predict the research results. B．To emphasize the importance of exploring. C．To lead to the argument of nature against nurture. D．To raise the reader’s interest in the theory of nature. 33．What does John Locke’s “blank slate” theory suggest? A．Human mind is always blank. B．People’s behaviors are learned. C．Behavior is determined genetically. D．Culture has little influence on human. 34．What is the attitude of Sir Francis Galton towards the theory of nurture? A．Disapproving. B．Supportive. C．Neutral. D．Cautious. 第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，共10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Every day, we speak to and spend time with the people who mean the most to us. However, think about how many people you interact with in a typical week are the ones you wouldn’t consider as close connections. 35 . In sociology, these are known as our “weak ties”, referred to as such to differentiate them from our strong ties, like close friends and family members. 36 . For example, if you spoke about your job hunt to a group of close friends, they might only be aware of the same job opportunities as you because you move in the same circles. However, mentioning it to an acquaintance, like a regular waiter, connects you to people outside your own social circle, which can provide unexpected job opportunities. “Weak ties can serve special functions not served by close ties, including providing access to unique information and resources,” says Susan Sprecher, distinguished professor at Illinois State University. “Additionally, many people interact with more weak ties throughout a day than they do with close ties. 37 .” Indeed, weak ties can give us a real mental health boost. A recent study done by Sprecher indicated people with wider connections of weak ties tend to be happier. 38 . They reported feeling more happiness and greater feelings of belonging on days when they interacted with more classmates than usual. Given they have such a strong impact on our lives, why not create weak ties? 39 . Often, this will mean going outside and speaking to people, whether it’s those you pass in the street, who serve you in shops, or with whom you share a class. A．The research involved students B．You find yourself in a better mood C．We just need to engage with other people D．Weak ties can have a smaller effect than you might think E．This diverse social network is related with good health and well-being F．For example, you chat with the guys who regularly serve you at the store G．Strong ties tend to form closed social groups with limited new information 第三部分 书面表达(共两节，32分) 第一节(共4小题;第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分) 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。 The Reason Why You Should Use Simple Dialogue Tags During a judging period for a recent short story contest, I started thinking a lot about dialogue tags. Because in many submissions, characters didn’t “say” a thing. They shouted, they inquired, they assumed. Some characters screamed while others murmured. But no one “said” anything. And I started wondering why. Why do we tell beginner writers to avoid creative dialogue tags in the first place? Why do we insist that characters should stick to “said,” “asked,” and the occasional “sighed?” And, if the advice is so oft-repeated, why are writers still unable to resist the siren call of weep, scream, snap, or laugh? The more I thought about it, the more I understood the temptation. We’re always encouraged to use strong, actionable verbs in our prose. Why walk when you can skip or wander? Why cry when you can sob or weep? Why wouldn’t we reach for exciting verbs instead of mild-boring dull-blah said? The problem, I think, is that every jewel needs a setting to become something more than the sum of its parts. Without something to provide structure, a collection of the world’s most glorious diamonds would still only amount to a heap of rocks. And a dialogue tag should never, ever be the diamond in any given sentence. Dialogue is your diamond, friends. When we read your work, your dialogue should be so bright, so sparkling, so lifelike, so wonderfully realistic that our brains “hear” each line instead of merely reading it. We don’t need to be told a character is shouting — we can sense it in the way they spit out words, clench fists, or storm from the room. A dialogue tag is a mere signpost along the narrative journey, gently indicating who said what. It’s part of a story’s experience, but it’s not part of the story itself, nor should it be treated as such. Dialogue tags are similar to lighting in a Broadway play: without it, the audience would have no idea what was going on, but it usually strives to shine without calling too much attention to itself. 40．Why are writers tempted to use creative dialogue tags? 41．In what way are dialogue tags similar to lighting in a Broadway play? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. A dialogue tag should never be the diamond in any given sentence because dialogue is what matters and a dialogue tag is only part of the story itself. 43．Besides avoiding creative dialogue tags, how can you write a good story? (In about 40words) 第二节(20分) 44．当今保持健康和运动越来越被人们看重，“Exercise an hour every day, healthy life for a lifetime.”也成为人们口中的热门话题。假定你是李华，请根据以下内容用英语写一篇短文。 1.你对这个话题的理解； 2.你喜欢的运动项目及活动情况； 3.该运动给你生活和学习带来的益处。 注意： 1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 3.开头语已写好，不计入总词数。 Nowadays, sports are a very important part of our life. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $