Unit 1 Science and Scientists Using Language 导学案-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册

Period Four　Using Language 课前自主探究 Task 1: Text Structure Analysing Qian Xuesen Para.1 1. 　　　　　　　to Qian Xuesen  Paras. 2—5 His personal history and 2. 　　　　　  Para. 6 His 3.　　　　　　  Para. 7 His 4.　　　　　　  Stephen Hawking Para. 1 5. 　　　　　　　to Stephen Hawking  Para. 2 His claim to 6.　　　　　　  Para. 3 7.　　　　　　　　 that made him great  Task 2: Fast Reading The two passages titled “The father of China’s aerospace” and “A world of pure thought” mainly tell us something about Qian Xuesen’s and Stephen Hawking’s 1.　　　　　　, their devotion, their characteristics and their 2.　　　　　　 spirit.   Task 3: Careful Reading Fill in the blanks about Qian Xuesen’s life story by time order. In 1911 Qian was born in Shanghai After 1932 Qian decided to switch his major to aviation to help 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　  In 1935 Qian went to the US to pursue his 2.　　　　　　　　　　  In the 1930s—1940s Qian became a 3.　　　　　　　 in American jet and rocket technology  In 1955 Qian 4.　　　　　　　 to China and was put in charge of developing China’s space and 5.　　　　　　　 programme besides rocket science  In 1970 Qian’s research helped China successfully launch its first man-made 6.　　　　　　　  In 2009 Qian passed away Task 4: Micro-writing Described as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit”, Qian Xuesen had a 1.　　　　　　 (great) impact on China’s aerospace science than anyone else. Qian returned to China from America in 1955. He was put 2.　　　　 charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. Under his leadership, China 3.　　　　　　 (successful) launched its first man-made satellite. Much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research. That is 4.　　　　　　 he was called “the father of China’s aerospace”.   Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and 5.　　　　　　 (gift) scientists in physics. Due to his illness, he had to be in the wheelchair and his world became one of abstract thought. In 1964, Hawking pointed out that Fred Hoyle 6.　　　　　 (make) a mistake in his maths. Once the maths 7.　　　　　　 (correct), it showed that the big bang theory 8.　　　　　　 holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space was true. Hawking’s work was proven by astronomers with telescopes. A star was born. What made Stephen Hawking a genius? Besides 9.　　　　　 (be)brilliant, he was brave, outspoken and determined. Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his 10.　　　　　　 (fault). This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries.   语言知识梳理 词汇点睛 1.pour　vt. 倒出;倾泻;斟(饮料) vi.倾盆而下 A non-Newtonian fluid is strange because you can pour it like a liquid, but if you put any pressure on it, it suddenly becomes hard as concrete. “非牛顿流体”是很奇怪的,因为你可以像(倾倒)一种液体一样把它倒出来,可是如果你给它施加任何压力,它突然就变得和混凝土一样坚硬。 pour in 大量地涌入;蜂拥而至 pour into/out of (=flood into/out of) 不断地或大量地涌进/出 pour down 流下;(雨)倾盆而下 [温馨提示] pour sth into/to sth也可指“大量投入(金钱、时间、精力)于(某事物)”。 【佳句背诵】 Application letters from all over the country are pouring in by the thousands every week. 每星期有数千封申请信从全国各地纷至沓来。 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①A big fire broke out in her house yesterday and thick black smoke was seen 　　　　　　(pour) out of the roof from the distance.   ②People 　　　　　　　　(pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.   ③No sooner had I got the chance to explain than she rushed into the 　　　　　　(pour) rain.   完成句子 ④Recalling the tough times they had spent together, he couldn’t hold back his emotions, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. (读后续写之心理与表情描写)  回想起他们一起度过的艰难时光,他无法抑制自己的情绪,泪水顺着脸颊簌簌而下。 ⑤I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　than ever before, and finally presented our findings to the class, which surprisingly earned us an excellent grade!  我在那个课题上投入了比以往任何时候都多的时间和精力,最后向全班展示了我们的研究成果,令人惊喜的是,我们因此得了一个优异的成绩! 2.break out　(战争、疾病、打斗等不愉快的事情)爆发;(某种情绪)突然开始 However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而,1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森决定改学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要它自己的强大的空军来保卫国家。 break in 强行进入;打断 break into 强行闯入;突然开始(笑、唱等) break up 粉碎;解散;破裂,结束(关系);放假 break down (机器)出故障;(身体)垮掉;情不自禁地哭起来;(谈判等)失败;(化学)分解 break through 冲破;取得突破;取得新的重大发现 break away (from sb/sth) 逃脱;脱离;背叛 [温馨提示] break out, happen, take place都是不及物动词或短语,不用于被动结构。 【佳句背诵】 In some conflict areas where civil wars often break out, fighters have even destroyed heritage sites on purpose. 在一些经常爆发内战的冲突地区,武装分子甚至故意摧毁了遗址。 【活学活用】 用break短语的适当形式填空 ①Her mother totally 　　　　　　at the passing away of her grandmother.   ②So far, the research team 　　　　　　　　　　in the development of a new drug.   ③When the news came that the war 　　　　　　, he decided to serve in the army.   ④Two friends had an argument that 　　　　　　their friendship forever.   完成句子 ⑤　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, leaving the Henderson Tower seriously damaged.  周日晚上发生了一场可怕的火灾,致使亨德森大厦严重受损。 3.defend　vt. 保卫;防守;辩解 However, after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932, Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 然而,1932年淞沪会战爆发后,钱学森决定改学航空专业,因为他意识到中国需要它自己的强大的空军来保卫国家。 (1)defend…from/against…(=protect…against/from=preserve…from) 　 保卫……免受…… defend oneself 自卫;申辩;自行辩护 (2)defence n. 防御;保卫;答辩 in defence of (=in one’s defence) 保护……;为……辩护 【佳句背诵】 All the people, men and women, young and old, were fighting against the flood in defence of their own homes. 所有的人,无论男女老少,为了保卫自己的家园,都在与洪水做斗争。 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①Once infected with HIV, the body is unable to defend itself 　　　　　　diseases.   ②The strong walls of the castle served as a good 　　　　　　(defend) against the attackers.   ③The dam was built to defend the road from 　　　　　　　　(wash) away by the sea.   完成句子/一句多译 ④When his colleagues unjustly blamed him for the project’s delay, Mark had to 　　　　　　　　.   当同事们不公正地因项目延误责备他时,马克不得不为自己辩护。 ⑤看到这条凶猛的蛇,他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写) →Seeing the fierce snake, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(defend)  →Seeing the fierce snake, 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(defence)  4.in charge of　主管;掌管 He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到祖国英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 (1)in the charge of… 　由……负责/掌管(强调状态) take charge (of) 主管;负责(强调动作) free of charge 免费 (2)charge v. 收(费);指责;控告; 给……充电;猛冲 charge (sb) sth (for sth) 收费;要价 charge sb with (doing) sth 指控/起诉/指责某人 (做)某事 charge sth (up) 给……充电→charger n.充电器 charge at… 朝……猛冲 [温馨提示] in charge of in the charge of 掌管,负责 由……负责,在……的掌管之下 一般用人作主语 一般用物作主语 【活学活用】 用charge短语的适当形式填空 ①The school will put an experienced teacher 　　　　　　　　　　that class to bring the children under control.   ②That class will be 　　　　　　　　　　an experienced teacher the school assigns to bring the children under control.  ③His boss asked him to 　　　　　　　　the office for a few days while she was away.   ④You can download from the Internet as much information as you need 　.   完成句子 ⑤The shop owner 　　　　　　　　　　　　　the noodles; I felt a wave of warmth and gratitude welling within me. (读后续写之情感描写)  店主没有收我面条的钱,我感到一股温暖和感激之情涌上心头。 ⑥The Student Union members, 　　　　　　　　　　　planning this year’s Culture Festival, have invited several local artists to attend the event.  负责策划今年文化节的学生会成员们,已经邀请了几位本地艺术家参加这个活动。 5.come down with　患(病),染上(小病) Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles, his world became one of abstract thought. 自从他患上了一种使他失去大部分肌肉的功能的疾病,他的世界就变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 come down 崩塌;落下;着陆;下降 come about 发生 come across 偶然遇见 come up 发生;被提及;被讨论 come up with 提出 come out 出现;出版 【活学活用】 用come短语的适当形式填空 ①So far, several members 　　　　　　　　　　suggestions of their own.   ②While cleaning the room yesterday, I 　　　　　　　　　　an old photograph of my mother.   ③During the cold rainy weather last week, Mr Bill suddenly 　　　　　　　　　　a fever.   ④Can you explain how it 　　　　　　that you were an hour late?   完成句子 ⑤I am writing to request sick leave because I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　last night, and the doctor advised me to rest for a few days.(应用文写作之请假条)  我写信是想请病假,因为我昨晚得了重感冒,医生建议我休息几天。 6.above all　最重要的是;尤其是 Above all, Hawking was willing to admit his faults. 最重要的是,霍金愿意承认自己的错误。 after all 毕竟,终归 (not)at all 完全(不);一点也(不) first of all 首先 in all 总计,总共 all in all 总的来说 once and for all 彻底地 【活学活用】 用all短语填空 ①Children need many things, but 　　　　　　they need love.   ②The tickets we had bought numbered twelve 　　　　　　.   ③That mobile phone company is going to overcome the technological problem 　.   ④It’s not surprising that you’re tired. 　　　　　, you stayed up until three last night!   完成句子 ⑤As is known to all, travelling in China has become safer, more enjoyable and 　　　　　　, more economical.   众所周知,在中国旅行已经变得更安全、更愉快,最重要的是更经济实惠。 句型透视 1.Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大了。 否定词+比较级 句型公式　 【句式点拨】 句中的否定词no 与比较级 greater连用,构成“否定词+比较级”结构,表示最高级的含义,意为“没有……能够比……更……的了”。常用的否定词有nothing, no, not, never, hardly, nobody等。 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①To me, nothing can be 　　　　　　　　(significant) than to carry others through hard times.   ②We decided to take his suggestion because nobody could offer a 　　　　　　(good) solution.   ③Nowhere in the world can you find a 　　　　　　　　　　(mysterious) ruin than Machu Picchu, whose history and architecture are truly fascinating.   完成句子 ④I   than the one I received at your store yesterday, where the staff were extremely rude.(应用文写作之投诉信) 我从未体验过比昨天在贵店所受服务更令人失望的了,店里的员工极其无礼。 ⑤There couldn’t be   than volunteering to help those in need, which not only changes their lives but also enriches yours.(应用文写作之招募启示) 没有比志愿帮助有需要的人更有意义的经历了,这不仅能改变他们的生活,也能丰富你自己的生活。 2.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到祖国英雄般的欢迎,受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 not only…but also… 句型公式　 【句式点拨】 句中“not only…but also…”意为“不但……而且……”,用于连接两个表示并列关系的成分,如主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语或从句等,着重强调后者。但需要注意的是: (1)“not only…but also…”连接主语时,其后的谓语动词单复数遵循“就近原则”; (2)“not only…but also…”连接两个分句且当not only位于句首时,含有not only的句子要使用部分倒装结构。 【活学活用】 单句填空 ①Not only the temple, which was built in AD 200, but the ancient buildings around it 　　　　　　(be) worth visiting as well.   ②Not only   the ocean offer us sufficient food, but it also maintains the balance of nature. ③As we all know, not only can reading classics improve our study, 　　　　　　it also enriches our daily lives.   完成句子/句式改写 ④The club activities have benefited me a lot. I have 　　　　　　improved my spoken English, 　　　　　　made a large circle of friends.   →The club activities have benefited me a lot.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, 　　　　　　made a large circle of friends.(用倒装句改写)  俱乐部活动让我受益匪浅。我不仅提高了英语口语水平,还结识了一大群朋友。 ⑤ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, 　　　　　　she got to be involved in varieties of activities.  伊娃(Eva)不仅拓宽了她的生活空间,还得以参与各类活动。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Period Four　Using Language 【课前自主探究】 Task 1: Text Structure Analysing 1.Introduction 　2.accomplishments　3.hobbies/interest 　4.death　5.Introduction　6.fame　7.Characteristics Task 2: Fast Reading 1.life stories 　2.scientific Task 3: Careful Reading 1.protect and defend the country　2.graduate studies 3.pioneer　4.returned 　5.missile　6.satellite Task 4: Micro-writing 1.greater 　2.in 　3.successfully 　4.why　 5.gifted 　6.had made 　7.was corrected　 8.which　9.being　 10.faults 【语言知识梳理】 词汇点睛 1.①pouring　②have been pouring　③pouring　④with tears pouring down his cheeks　⑤poured more time and energy into that project 2.①broke down　②has broken through　③broke out ④broke up　⑤A terrible fire broke out on Sunday night 3.①from/against　②defence　③being washed　④defend himself　⑤he rushed to defend his son like an arrow; he rushed in defence of his son/in his son’s defence like an arrow 4.①in charge of　②in the charge of　③take charge of　④free of charge　⑤charged me nothing for/didn’t charge me for ⑥who are in charge of 5.①have come up with　②came across　③came down with　④came about　⑤came down with a severe cold 6.①above all　②in all　③once and for all　④After all ⑤above all 句型透视 1.①more significant　②better　③more mysterious　④have never experienced a more disappointing service　⑤a more rewarding experience 2.①are　②does　③but　④not only; but also; Not only have I improved my spoken English; but I also　⑤Not only did Eva broaden her living space; but also 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $