专题二 阅读理解-（讲练）【优+学案·赢在中考】2025年中考英语总复习（外研版）

拉·优素福扎伊的生平事迹。 第14讲 情景交际 6.in 7.into 8.of 9.for 10.At 11.about 【考题集训】 12.On 13.after 14.to 15.by 1-4 BCBA 第6讲形容词和副词 第三部分 题型点拨 【考题集训】 专题一 完形填空 -、1-5 DCCBB6-8CCD 二、【主旨大意】本文是一篇应用文，海伦向爱丽丝介绍了 【主旨大意】本文主要讲述了作者总是因为太活跃而造成 自己前两天去城市太空博物馆的经历。 了一些问题，妈妈把阅读作为治疗作者的方法，后来作者 9.excited 10.bored 11.unusual 12.interesting 逐渐找到了阅读的乐趣。 13.different 14.really 15.hungry 16.worried 1-5 CABCA 6-10 BCBAC 17.ever 18.soon B 第7讲 连词 【主旨大意】本文主要讲述了作者读完《汤姆·索亚历险 【考题集训】 记》后的感触，作者告诉我们抱怨是没有用的。 1-5 AACCA 6-7 AB 11-15 BABCA 16-20 BCBAC 第8讲 动词和动词短语 【拓展练习】 【考题集训】 Complaining is useless.No matter what you do and no 1-5 ADABA 6-10 ACDBA matter when it is,you should never complain and you'll 11-15 CABBA feel better and perhaps even do a better job! 第9讲 动词的时态和语态 C 动词的时态 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了日本核污水排海 【考题集训】 的危害。 1-6 BCDAAC 21-25 BACBC 26-30 BACCB 动词的语态 【语篇解构】 【考题集训】 1.world 2.electricity 3.planes 4.radiation 1-5 CACDC 6-10 CCBCA 5.plants 第10讲 非谓语动词 专题二（判断选择型)阅读理解 【考题集训】 A 1-5 BBBCC 6-10 ABBCC 【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了一位俄罗斯人Alexei于 11-12CC 2015年作为交换生来到中国四川，他被中国悠久的历史 第11讲 简单句（句子的种类） 和卓越的文化深深吸引，他计划今年访问更多地方，下一 【考题集训】 站将是新疆。 1-5 ACCAC 1-5 AAABB 第12讲复合句 【拓展练习】 【考题集训】 The passage is mainly about a Russian named Alexei, 1-5 ACABB 6-10 BCCBA who came to China as an exchange student,dreams to 11-14 DBAD make great videos to show his love for China. 第13讲 主谓一致 B 【考题集训】 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了卡特一家的孩子 1-5 ACBBB 们每天都有很多课外活动，父母需要开车接送他们，这让 21 父母感到很累。乔希提出了拼车的解决方案，这个方案【语篇解构】 得到了邻居们的支持，最终解决了问题。 1.hitting 2.open 3.fails 4.lose 5.wins 6-10 DCDBA 6.started 【拓展练习】 2 The Carter family decided to do a carpool..Their【主旨大意】本文主要讲述的是一位街头艺人通过做泥塑 neighbors agreed and their parents would take turns to 谋生的故事。 pick up children who had the same afeer-school11.artist 12.lost 13.dressed 14.of 15.himself activities.Finally,they made a schedule showing when 16.an 17.but 18.to teach 19.quickly 20.Prices each family would drive. 【拓展练习】 0 D解析：本题是一个推理判断题。本文主要介绍了残 【主旨大意】本文主要讲了互联网经常被用于买卖产品、疾人米先生学习捏泥人并以此谋生的事情。结合最后一 支付账单和与人交流。然而，使用互联网也存在一定的 "Mi is full of hope for a better future because he 不安全性。 knows his hard work is worth it(米对更美好的未来充 11-15 CDBDA 满希望，因为他知道自己的努力会有回报的。)”可知我们 【拓展练习】 可以从他身上学习到：只要心中有爱，就一定有希望。 We should be careful when receiving emails related to 故选D。 money and not blindly provide passwords./The C importance of checking information before sending an 【主旨大意】本文介绍了中国的城市西安。 email,especially when it contains personal 21.the 22.gave 23.building 24.goes 25.largest information./It's necessary to only use trusted websites 26.but 27.with 28.known 29.cities 30.itself to ensure safety. D D 【主旨大意】本文介绍了神舟十八号的航天员以及航天任 【主旨大意】本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。 务、行程等。 16-20 DABBC 31.sent 32.are 33.members 34.to 35.leader 【语篇解构】 36.and 37.their 38.safely 39.called 40.the 1.sea animals 2.pressure 3.temperature 4.oxygen 5.climate change 专题四阅读表达 E A 【主旨大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了中国研发的高铁【主旨大意】本文主要介绍了“城市漫步”这一旅行方式， 动车CR450和电动飞机AG60E。这表明了技术是第一对比了它与传统旅行不同之处及它的好处。 动力，展现了中国的领导作用和强大力量。 1.Citywalk aims to avoid famous tourist spots and large 21-25 BACAC crowds to get a better experience. 专题三语法填空 2.许多年轻人到一个新城市游览时，喜欢和几个好朋友 A 聚在一起，在街上闲逛。 【主旨大意】本文主要讲述的是一种简单的球类运动 3.To provide experiences for visitors to "walk in open- 墙球。 air museums”. 1.and 2.are needed 3.hands 4.the 5.to reach 4.they can share their interests and ideas and make 6.had 7.more exciting 8.me 9.in 10.certainly friends easily 【拓展练习】 5.The benefits of Citywalk./The positive impact of It will become more and more popular. Citywalk. 22专题二 （判断选择型)阅读理解（答案P21) 考查内容 1.判断选择型阅读理解的文章主要涵盖应 有些则需要在理解全文的基础上，正确理解上下 用文、记叙文和说明文等。 文的关系才能得出正确答案，包括对某一段落的 2.重点考查对文章细节内容的把握，包括对 意义进行提炼，理解短文的主旨大意等。 文章内容的加工和判断，对上下语句之间的关联 4.判断题的命题基本分为细节理解题、推理 意义以及词语在语境中的实际意义的理解等。 判断题、事件排序题、数字运算题、篇章结构题、 3.考查对文章的整体理解和对词汇意义的 文章出处题、写作目的题、标题归纳题、主旨大意 把握能力，有些要结合常识才能得出正确答案； 题等。 ◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆(《 技巧点拨 》◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆0◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆◆●◆◆◆◆◆◆● 浏览问题 先浏览题干和选项，做到心中有数，然后再阅读文章，这样思路能更加清晰 明确要求 略读全文 在明确了要求之后，略读全文，略读时要特别注意主题句 了解梗概 阅读理解题 通篇寻读 在前两步的基础上，通篇寻读，仔细地搜寻与答题有关的重要信息，并用铅笔在下面做记号 的解题技巧 猎取信息 逐条分析 对号入座 将寻读时所获取的信息与答题要求结合起来，逐条进行分析，对号入座 复读全文 验证答案 在进行了前四步之后，复读全文，核实答案的正确性 不同题型具体解题思路如下： 文内容后再审读题目，把握每个待判定句子的含 1.正误判断题 义，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个问题相关的 阅读短文时要在掌握主旨和作者意图的基 段落与词句，然后依据短文内容对所给出的句子 础上，捕捉与题干相关的内容要点。在对每一道 进行正误判断。 题进行判断时，通过寻读法在原文中找出与每个 (3)重读短文、逐题复检、核查无误。完成正 问题相关的段落与词句，并认真进行比较分析， 误判断后必须将短文重读一遍，加深对短文的理 从中找到依据，不能凭印象想当然，胡乱猜测。 解，在此基础上再对每一道题进行复查，对有些 只有完全符合文章意思的句子，方可判定为正 似是而非的句子，一定要再次识别。 确；那些基本意思相符，却仍有某一点不符的应 2.细节理解题 判定为错误。 细节理解题主要考查学生对文章具体事实 一般这类题目的解题思路是： 和细节的理解能力。该题型难度较小，但在整个 (1)阅读原文、捕捉信息、理解大意。先通读 阅读理解题中所占的比例最大，一般占总分值的 原文，捕捉文中所提供的信息，抓住文章主旨，理 60%~85%。 解短文的大意并理清全文脉络。 这类题型的信息一般在文章中可以直接找 (2)审读题目、找出相关判断依据。读懂短 到，学生可以先浏览一遍题目，带着疑问快速阅 204 优+学秦赢在中考 读，然后找出与题目信息相关的词句加以理解分 解释说明。 析，去伪存真，就可以得出正确答案。 (3)根据常识来推测。 3.推理判断题 有时仅靠分析句子或文章的逻辑关系并不 推理判断题着重考查学生的逻辑思维能力， 能完整、正确地推测出单词或短语的含义，这时 即要求学生根据文章的逻辑关系进行推理判断。 就需要运用生活常识来确定其含义。 此类题目难度大、涉及面广，包括人物的性格与 (4)运用构词法进行猜测。 心理、故事的结局与寓意、文章的出处与体裁、作 英语构词法主要有派生、转化和合成三种。 者的倾向与态度等。 掌握构词法是扩大词汇量的一条捷径。学习基 解答这类题目时，学生必须透过文章的字面本的构词知识，我们不但可以较快地记住新词、 意思，领悟隐含在字里行间的内涵、哲理，体会作 巩固旧词，还可以通过推理思考，使有限的词汇 者的言外之意。隐含信息并非无稽之谈，而是 知识服务大量的阅读实践活动。 “有源之水”，即隐含信息也是以文章的语言为载 (5)通过句法功能来推测。 体的。学生应准确捕捉信息，严密推理，合理想 应当注意的是，在有些情况下，特定语言环 象，切忌凭空想象或断章取义。 境中的单词或短语的含义可能与你所熟知的本 4.词义猜测（或句意理解）题 义不同。这时，可根据上下文的语境，利用排除 此类题目设计的目的不在于考查学生的词 法，把与句意、文意不符的选项逐一排除，从而找 汇量，而是考查学生确定单词、短语或句子在特 到正确的答案。 定的语言环境中的具体含义的能力，因此学生必 5.篇章结构题 须根据上下文才能把握其具体含义。 解题思路： 解答这类题目时，学生需要仔细阅读文章， (1)快速浏览全文：首先，快速浏览文章的首 然后在理解上下文的基础上，根据相关知识，确 段、尾段以及每段的首句和尾句，以获取文章的 定这个单词、短语或句子在文章中的准确含义。 大致结构和主旨。 如果遇到没有学过的单词或短语，学生可以通过 (2)寻找中心句：每段的中心句往往能揭示 以下方式确定其含义： 该段的主题或核心观点，通常位于段首或段尾。 (1)通过同义词或反义词来猜测。 (3)理清逻辑关系：通过连接词（如but, 通常情况下，英语避免重复的方法之一是利 however,therefore等)识别段落间的逻辑关系， 用同义词或近义词加以替换。一些常见的同义 如因果、转折、递进等。 词的标志词有or,like,similarly等。 技巧： 在阅读材料中，作者往往会用一对反义词 (1)使用“4W1H”法(What,When,Where, (组)揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜明的对比，以增 Why,How)来捕捉文章的关键信息。 强表达的效果。常见的反义词的标志词（组）有 (2)绘制思维导图，将文章的主要内容和结 yet,but,however,although,instead of,on the 构可视化。 other hand等。 6.文章出处题 (2)根据定义或释义来推测。 解题思路： 我们有时可以在文章中找到类似that is,in (1)分析文章内容和风格：判断文章的文体 other words,to mean等形式对生词作出的解释 (如说明文、议论文、记叙文等)和语言风格（正 或由破折号、逗号等标点符号后面的内容给出的 式、非正式、学术性等)。 英语·讲练册WW 205 (2)关注特定词汇和句式：某些词汇和句式 (3)可以参考文章中的小标题或段落标题来 可能暗示文章的来源，如专业术语、学术用语、新 获取灵感。 闻报道的常用结构等。 9.主旨大意题 (3)结合常识和背景知识：了解文章所涉及 主旨大意题意在考查学生对全文或某一段 领域的常识和背景知识有助于判断其可能的 落整体把握的能力，即对整个语篇、段落的抽象 出处。 概括能力。可以是文章或某一段的中心，也可以 技巧： 是文章或某一段的写作目的。 (1)熟悉不同类型出版物（如报纸、杂志、学 学生在归纳文章主题时应注意选项的内涵 术期刊等)的特点和风格。 和外延必须能恰如其分地概括文章的主题，既不 (2)注意文章中的时间、地点、人物等线索， 能范围过大，也不能把某一细节或侧面误当成主 它们可能指向特定的来源。 题。阅读时学生还应注意捕捉文章中出现频率 7.写作目的题 较高的中心词汇以及文章和段落的主题句。在 解题思路： 选择文章题目时，还应注意语言方面的特点，即 (1)识别文章的主题：首先明确文章讨论的 礙练、醒目。 核心问题或主题。 【学以致用】 (2)分析作者的观点和态度：通过作者的用 A 词、语气和论据来判断其立场和态度。 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容判断其后面所给句 (3)归纳写作目的：结合文章的主题和作者 子的对(A)错(B)。 的观点，归纳出作者的写作目的，如阐述事实、表 Alexei is a Russian.He came to China as an 达观点、呼吁行动等。 exchange student in Sichuan in 2015.From then 技巧： on,he started to make vlogs(视频博客)about (1)注意文章的首尾段落，它们往往包含作 his life in China. 者的主要观点和写作目的。 Alexei travelled in over 70 Chinese cities on (2)分析文章中的论据和例子，它们通常用 his vacations.He likes local foods there,such as 于支持作者的观点和目的。 Yunnan rice noodles,Sichuan hot pot,Beijing 8.标题归纳题 duck and so on."China is a country with a long 解题思路： history.It has excellent culture.I am deeply (1)概括文章主旨：首先理解并概括文章的 attracted(吸引)byit,”said Alexei.. 主要内容。 In 2018,Alexei returned to Russia. (2)提炼关键词：从文章中提取最能反映主 Though there are lots of amazing Chinese 旨的关键词或短语。 restaurants there,he couldn't stop missing his (3)组合成标题：将提炼出的关键词或短语 days living in China.So he came back to China 组合成一个简洁、准确且吸引人的标题。 again in 2023. 技巧： “I love China so much,”said Alexei,“My (1)避免使用过于笼统或模糊的词汇。 dream is to make great videos to show my love (2)确保标题能够准确反映文章的主题和核 for China.And I will do what I can to help more 心观点。 foreigners to know a real China.Alexei plans 206 优+学秦赢在中考 to visit more places this year.His next stop will mother just sighed(). be Xinjiang. That afternoon,Mrs.Carter had to pick up ()1.In 2015,Alexei was in Sichuan as an everybody.She drove a long way.Finally they exchange student. were home. A.Right. B.Wrong. Looking at the tired mother,Emma said,"I ( )2.Alexei likes Sichuan hot pot. have an idea！We can ride bikes to school.” A.Right. B.Wrong. “It's too far！And taking a taxi costs a lot. )3.There are lots of Chinese restaurants in If there were buses,that would be nice,"said Russia. Kate. A.Right. B.Wrong. "Today we talked about cars in science ()4.Alexei came back to China in 2018. class.Many people are all driving at the same A.Right. B.Wrong. time.That's bad for the air.It uses too much ()5.For his next stop,Alexei will go to gas(汽油).So we could do a carpool(拼车). Yunnan. Kill two birds with one stone!"said Josh A.Right. B.Wrong. proudly. 【拓展练习】What is the main idea of the passage “Fantastic！We can talk to our neighbors,” about Alexei? said Kate excitedly. “Yes!”said Josh..“Mom！We could ask B them to carpool.” (2024·东营中考)多模态语篇·对话》 That night the family went to visit their “Josh!Kate！Emma!Time to go！”Mrs. neighbors. Carter called from the car. The family told the Smiths their plan.They Emma and Kate hurried to finish their all loved the idea! breakfast and Josh was busy looking for his Evan Smith and Josh were on the same backpack. soccer team.Their parents would take turns to As usual,it was a big rush.Every pick up the boys. morning,their mother or father had to drive The Carters visited other neighbors.One them to school. family said they would drive to school two days a “HURRY!”called their mother.Not so week.Another family had children to Emma's gently(温柔地)this time.. art class.Someone else had kids in Kate's dance Kids ran to the car.Then Mom turned onto class. the road. Finally,they had a schedule(日程表).It "Kids,what activities do you have after showed when each family would drive.Josh school?”Mom asked. said,"Tomorrow,I will tell my science teacher “I have dance class,”said Kate.. our plan.He will be proud of us!We are being “I have soccer,”said Josh. careful with important Earth resources(资源). "I have art class,"said Emma.Their And we've solved our family problem." 英语·讲练册W 207 ()6.What is the Carter family's main Linda,29,nurse:I pay all my bills online. problem? One day,I received an email from my bank.It A.The kids can't get ready in the told me that someone was trying to take out morning. money from my account(账号)，so I should B.The kids have too many after- email my password(密码)to the“bank school activities. manager".I felt something was wrong,so I C.The parents and kids always come called my bank and asked about the email.The back home late. bank said they never sent it.I realised that D.Driving kids to and from school someone tried to cheat(欺骗)me of my money. makes the parents busy and tired. I'll continue paying my bills this way,but I'll be ()7.Who found the way to solve the more careful. problem? Emily,22,office worker:I was at work, A.Emma. B.Kate. and I sent an email to a friend of mine.I was C.Josh. D.Mrs.Carter. telling her about my problems with Mark,the ()8.What do the underlined words "one manager.A few minutes later,a friend of stone”refer to? Mark's came over to my desk.He said,"So you A.Riding bikes.B.Taking a taxi. think Mark is too strict?"My face was red.I C.Taking a bus.D.Doing a carpool. chose the wrong name on my address list.It was ()9.Which word best describes Josh? my own fault,so I'll look over my emails more A.Honest. B.Intelligent. carefully before I click“Send”next time. C.Friendly. D.Hard-working. Thomas,21,university student:I love the ()10.新考向·标题归纳》Which would be the title for this passage? Internet!I look up lots of information online.I A.Let's carpool！ often buy things on the websites-furniture, B.Let's take action! clothes,CDs,even foods.I have also sold some C.Let's save the earth! of my things on the Internet.I only use the D.Let's help each other! websites I trust and I've never had a safety 【拓展练习】What solutions did the Carter family problem. come up with to deal with the transportation ( )i1.新考向·文章出处》Where is the problem and how did they implement(执行)it? passage taken from? A.A diary.B.A novel. c C.A magazine.D.A history book. (2024·天津中考)多模态语篇·采访》The（)12.Linda probably got the email from a Internet is often used to buy and sell products, person who pay bills,and communicate with people.But A.refused to lend money to her how safe is it when you use the Internet?Our B.asked about her experiences magazine Interactions asked some Internet users C.sold things to her on the websites about their experiences. D.tried to cheat her of her money 208 优学秦赢在中考 ()l3.新考向·词义猜测》The word“fault”much need to explore（探索)the deep sea.. in Paragraph3 means“ ” However,this changed in 1862 when life was A.project B.mistake discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea C.advantage D.plan level with the help of a digging machine.Ten ()14.Who shared enjoyable experiences years later,around4,700 species(物种) according to the passage? unknown before from the ocean floor were A.Linda. B.Emily. discovered. C.Mark. D.Thomas. Since then,high technology has been ()l5.新考向·标题归纳》What is the best developed to help explore the deep sea,including title of the passage? satellites.But why is deep-sea exploration still A.The Internet:How Safe Is It? so difficult?Well,at greater depths it is freezing B.The Bank:How Useful Is It? (极冷的)，everything is completely dark,and C.The Website:How Cheap Is It? the pressure can be over 1,000 times greater D.The Magazine:How Amazing Is It? than that on the surface. Though we have the difficulties,it's 【拓展练习】What are the lessons we can learn important that we understand the seas.They from the experiences of these Internet users? help control the earth's temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2)in the air.They can also D provide us with information about climate (2024·福建中考)跨学科·地理》Though change.Our future depends on learning more oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth's about our oceans,and it is possible for us to surface,there's still a lot we don't know about really understand what is ongoing below the them.Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has surface. been mapped,and the remaining 80 percent is ()16.Why are some numbers listed in still a secret to us.Some scientists even think Paragraph 1? that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be A.To introduce how important oceans discovered. are. So why do we know so little about the deep B.To discuss why sea animals have sea?Well,getting to those depths is very yet to be found out. difficult and requires high technology that simply C.To explain that oceans cover a didn't come into being for most of human large area of the earth. history.The first navigable submarine(可驾驶 D.To show that we have only a little 的潜水艇)，for example,was built in 1620,and understanding of oceans. it couldn't go more than five meters below the ( )17.What caused the change of exploration surface.In fact,for a long time many scientists into the deep sea? didn't even think that there could be any life at A.High technology. depths greater than 550 meters and didn't see B.Unknown species. 英语·讲练册Y 209 C.A pleasant environment. C.The seas have no lives at a depth of D.Valuable information. 550 meters. ()18.What does the underlined word D.It is easier to go into the deep sea “They”in the last paragraph refer to? than we think. A.Sea animals. ( )20.新考向·标题归纳》What could be the B.The seas. best title of the text? C.The satellites. A.Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea D.Many scientists B.Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea ( )19.What can we learn from the text? C.Deep-Sea Exploration:into the A.It is difficult to build a navigable Freezing Depths submarine. D.Deep-Sea Exploration:the Past B.The seas have a strong influence on and the Future our future. 语篇解构 根据短文内容，完成下面的结构图。 Ocean-a secret to us Known Unknown Why we know so little Importance 80 percent is provide understand Only about 20 still a secret to control the produce us with our future what is percent of the us.91 percent earth's half of the information depends on seafloor has ongoing of 1. Why deep sea 3. 4. about learning below the been mapped have yet to be exploration still 5 more about it surface discovered. so difficult? everything is the 2. can be over 1,000 freezing completely dark times greater than that on the surface 公 续表 (2024·山西中考)新素材 ( 铁路网)in themeters long, 2.6 Technology is the first power! world. Now, themeters high and 8.6 It is a great joy and a matter of pride to country is breaking itsmeters wide.It is see China's high technology is brightly shining own speed record withmainly designed for the CR450. Thepilot training, flight from the sky to the ground. CR450 can travel at aexperience,and private It is widely The AG60E is top speed of 453travel.It uses an known that China has China's self-developed kilometers an hour. electric power system. well-developed high- lightweight two-seat Once put into use,itCompared with the speed railway networkelectric plane.It is 6.9 will take just about traditional plane,it 210 优学秦赢在中考 续表 A.1.7 hours. B.About 2.5 hours. 2.5 hours to travel from doesn't send out Beijing C.At least 4.5 hours. to Shanghai, greenhouse gases, )22.What is the advantage of the CR450? which takes at least and its noise level is 4.5 hours A.Fast and safe. at the much lower. The B.Light and small. moment. Even though AG60E electric plane C.Warm and bright. it can travel so fast,itdraws the world's can also start brakingattention,for it is a ( )23.Why does the world pay attention to the AG60E? (刹车)quickly,takingpractice of China's just 1.7 seconds,and itsaviation industry A.It is self-developed by China. noise level keeps low.It空工业)towards air B.It can be used in many fields. creates a safe andpollution.The AG60E C.It's environmentally friendly. )24.What do the CR450 and the AG60E comfortable environmentis only a starting point. have in common? for passengers.WithIt is expected to become A.Their noise level is low. the advantages, an important force to B.They have been widely used. CR450 shows China's achieve green and low- C.They can hold many passengers. leading role and great carbon development in power to the world. the field of aviation. )25.What does the poster want to show us? A.Chinese people's wish for green travel. B.The ways to cut down pollution in China. )21.How long will it take to travel from C.Great achievements of China's Beijing to Shanghai by CR450? technology. 英语·讲练册WW 211