Unit4 Problems and advice 重点语法：句子成分和基本句型（七大题型，60题）精讲练-2025-2026学年九年级英语上册重难点讲练全攻略（沪教牛津版）

2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 4 Problems and advice 重点语法：句子成分和基本句型（七大题型，60题）精讲练 目录 语法知识精讲 1 语法知识精练 2 题型一：句子成分 2 题型二：主谓 4 题型三：主系表 6 题型四：主谓宾 8 题型五：主谓宾宾 10 题型六：主谓宾宾补 12 题型七：There be句型（存现句） 15 语法知识精讲 类别 具体内容 位置 / 结构特点 典型例句 一、句子成分 1. 主语 (Subject)（动作的发出者或被描述的主体，多为名词、代词等） 句首（除倒装句外） - He plays basketball.（他打篮球。） - English is easy.（英语很简单。） 2. 谓语 (Predicate)（表示动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当） 主语之后，是句子核心 - She sings well.（她唱得好。） - They will go to Beijing.（他们将去北京。） 3. 宾语 (Object)（动作的承受者，分直接宾语和间接宾语） 及物动词或介词之后 - I love books.（我喜欢书。）（直接宾语） - He gave me a pen.（他给了我一支笔。）（me 间接宾语，a pen 直接宾语） 4. 表语 (Predicative)（说明主语的性质、身份等，跟在系动词后） be/feel/look 等系动词之后 - She is a student.（她是一名学生。） - The cake tastes sweet.（蛋糕尝起来甜。） 5. 定语 (Attribute)（修饰名词或代词，多为形容词、代词、名词等） 名词前（前置定语）或后（后置定语） - This is a red apple.（这是一个红苹果。）（前置） - The book on the desk is mine.（桌子上的书是我的。）（后置） 6. 状语 (Adverbial)（修饰动词、形容词等，表时间、地点、方式等） 句首、句中或句末 - He runs fast.（他跑得快。）（方式） - We will meet tomorrow.（我们明天见。）（时间） 二、基本句型 1. 主谓 (S+V)（只有主语和谓语，谓语为不及物动词） 主语 + 不及物动词 - Birds fly.（鸟飞。） - The sun rises.（太阳升起。） 2. 主谓宾 (S+V+O)（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 - I eat rice.（我吃米饭。） - She reads books.（她看书。） 3. 主系表 (S+Link.V+P)（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 - He is happy.（他很高兴。） - The flower looks beautiful.（这朵花看起来很漂亮。） 4. 主谓双宾 (S+V+IO+DO)（主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 - My mom bought me a bag.（妈妈给我买了一个包。） - He told us a story.（他给我们讲了一个故事。） 5. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C)（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语，补充说明宾语） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（形容词 / 名词 / 动词不定式等） - We made him happy.（我们让他开心了。）（形容词作宾补） - I ask her to help me.（我让她帮我。）（不定式作宾补） 语法知识精练 题型一：句子成分 1．We all study hard at English. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都努力学习英语。 考查句子成分。we作主语；study作谓语；hard是副词，作状语，修饰动词study；English作介词at后的宾语。故选C。 2．Betty likes her new bike very much. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：贝蒂非常喜欢她的新自行车。 考查句子成分。在这个句子里，“Betty”是执行“喜欢”这个动作的人，是句子的主语；“likes”是表示主语“Betty”所发出的动作，意思是“喜欢”，用来描述主语的行为，所以“likes”是谓语。故选B。 3．Were you at home last night? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你昨晚在家吗？ 考查句子成分。分析句子可知，you作主语，were是系动词，at home作表语，last night作时间状语。故选B。 4．He has read the book twice. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．宾语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他已经把这本书读过两遍了。 考查句子成分。He作主语；has read作谓语；the book作宾语；twice作状语。故选B。 5．It’s hard to imagine how things will go on. A．谓语 B．表语 C．定语 D．真正主语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：很难想象事情会怎样发展。 考查句子成分。it作形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式，故选D。 6．My brother is a policeman. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的哥哥是一名警察。 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句话的主语是My brother， 系动词is， 表语为a policeman。故选D。 7．He often walks in the park. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．表语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他经常在公园散步。 考查句子成分。often为频度副词，表示动作发生的频率，修饰动词“walks”，作状语。故选B。 8．I’ll get you some tea now. A．谓语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我现在给你倒点茶。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，“I”是主语；“will get”是谓语动词；“you”是间接宾语；“some tea”是直接宾语；“now”是时间状语。故选B。 9．Mary asked me to help her yesterday. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽昨天让我帮她。 考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，“Mary”是主语，表示动作的执行者；“asked”是谓语动词；“me”是宾语，是动作“asked”的对象；“to help her” 进一步说明“me”需要做的事情，即对宾语“me”进行补充说明，说明让“我”做什么，所以“to help her”是宾语补足语。故选C。 10．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news. A．表语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当他们听到这个消息时，他们似乎不开心。 考查句子成分。“seemed”是seem“似乎，好像” 的过去式，是系动词，unhappy“不开心的”是形容词作表语，“seemed unhappy”整体构成“系表结构”来描述主语“They”的状态，说明“他们看起来的状态是不开心”，所以“seemed unhappy”是句子的谓语部分。故选B。 题型二：主谓 11．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“They are swimming in the river now.”这个句子的句型是什么？ 考查句子结构。S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V主语+不及物动词；S+V+O主语+及物动词+宾语；S+V+O+OC主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语。在句子“They are swimming in the river now.”中，“They”是主语，“are swimming”是谓语动词（现在进行时，表示动作正在进行），“in the river”是地点状语，“now”是时间状语。这个句子没有宾语，因为“swimming”是不及物动词，不需要宾语来完成句子的意思。所以，这个句子的句型是S+V（主语+不及物动词）。故选B。 12．—Can you tell me the main structure of the sentence “The wind is blowing hard.”? —Let me see. It’s “________”. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我“The wind is blowing hard.”这句话的主要结构吗？——让我想想，是“S+V”。 考查句式结构。S+V主谓；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+P主系表；S+V+DO+OC主谓双宾语。分析句子可知，The wind作主语；is blowing作谓语动词，hard作状语，因此这句话的结构是主谓。故选A。 13．What’s the sentence structure of “The book sells well”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“The book sells well”的句子结构是什么？ 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，“The book”是主语，“sells”是不及物动词作谓语，“well”作状语。故选A。 14．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as“The children are playing happily on the playground.”? A．Some children are playing football. B．They are passing the ball to each other. C．The coach teaches them to work as a team. D．They are listening carefully around the coach. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪一个句子结构与“孩子们在操场上玩得很开心。”相同？ 考查句子结构。选项A是主语+谓语+宾语结构；选项B是主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语结构；选项C是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语结构；选项D是主语+谓语+状语。所给句子“The children are playing happily on the playground.”是主语+谓语+状语结构，其中The children是主语，谓语是are playing happily，on the playground是状语。故选D。 15．The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“他跑得快”这句话属于主谓结构。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。根据“He runs fast.”可知，He是主语，runs是谓语，fast是副词，用来修饰runs。故选A。 题型三：主系表 16．Which of the following is the sentence pattern”S+V+P”? A．The old man walks in the park. B．I usually have breakfast at 7:00 C．The bike is new. D．She hopes to see her uncle. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪句是 “主 + 系 + 表（S+V+P）” 句型？ 考查基本句型。“S+V+P”句型即主语+系动词+表语结构。The old man walks in the park. 中The old man是主语，walks是谓语动词，in the park是地点状语，属于“S+V”结构；I usually have breakfast at 7:00 中I是主语，have是谓语动词，breakfast是宾语，at 7:00是时间状语，属 “S+V+O”结构；The bike is new.中The bike是主语，is是系动词，new是表语，符合“S+V+P”结构；She hopes to see her uncle.中She是主语，hopes是谓语动词，to see her uncle是宾语，属于“S+V+O”结构。故选C。 17．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”? A．People who run will have a healthier heart. B．Running gives you a chance to enjoy views. C．You can hear the wind blowing while running. D．Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子与“Running is a good way to exercise.”结构相同？ 考查基本句式。People who run will have a healthier heart.主+谓+宾；Running gives you a chance to enjoy views.主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；You can hear the wind blowing while running.主+谓+宾+宾补；Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful.主+系+表。“Running is a good way to exercise.”也是主系表结构。故选D。 18．Susan thinks her friend should be the same as her. A．谓语 B．表语 C．定语 D．主语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：苏珊认为她的朋友应该和她一样。 考查句子成分。Susan是主语；thinks是谓语；her friend should be the same as her是宾语从句，her friend是宾语从句的主语；should be是系动词作谓语；the same as her是表语。故选D。 19．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as this one? Chester was feeling more tired than usual after a day at the office. A．The children ran off quickly after class. B．I always believe everyone is born equal. C．Her job was organizing papers in the office then. D．We all consider Lucy very clever and hard-working. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下面哪一个句子和这个句子有相同的结构？Chester在办公室待了一天之后比平常感觉更累了。 考查句子结构。选项A的句子结构是“主+谓+状（时间状语）”；选项B的句子结构是“主+谓+宾从”；选项C的句子结构是“主+系+表”；选项D的句子结构是“主+谓+宾+宾补”；“Chester was feeling more tired than usual after a day at the office.”的句子结构是“主+系+表（比较级作表语）”，与选项C结构相同，故选C。 20．Most of the water in this lake ________ dirty. How can we deal with it? A．have B．has C．are D．is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这个湖里的大部分水是脏的。我们如何处理它呢？ 考查动词辨析。have有，动词原形；has有，动词单三形式；are是，主语为复数或第二人称；is是，主语为第三人称单数。根据“Most of the water in this lake...dirty”可知，该句为系表结构，主语“Most of the water”为不可数名词短语，所以应用be动词is，故选D 。 21．Peter didn’t come to school today. He _________ ill. A．may B．may be C．should D．should be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：彼得今天没来上学。他可能生病了。 考查动词辨析及系表结构。may可能；may be可能是；should应该；should be应该是。根据“Peter didn’t come to school today.”可知，Peter可能生病了，故排除C和D；根据“He...ill”可知，此处ill为形容词，故情态动词may后面应接be动词，构成系表结构。故选B。 22．Which of the following sentence has the same sentence structure as “This kind of food tastes delicious”? A．You can put the dishes in the kitchen B．I often hear someone playing the violin next door. C．Having an ice-cream in the hot summer is really cool. D．Our headmaster will invite a scientist to our school very soon. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪一句和“This kind of food tastes delicious”句子的结构相同？ 考查句子结构。You can put the dishes in the kitchen是主谓宾结构；I often hear someone playing the violin next door.是主谓宾加宾补的结构；Having an ice-cream in the hot summer is really cool.是主系表结构；Our headmaster will invite a scientist to our school very soon.是主谓宾结构。根据“This kind of food tastes delicious”可知，此句结构是主系表结构，故选C。 题型四：主谓宾 23．The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“Tom is playing basketball.”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语。 考查句子基本结构辨析。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。分析句子结构可知，Tom，作主语；is playing作谓语；basketball作宾语，属于“主语+谓语+宾语”（S+V+O）的基本结构。故选A。 24．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I like playing the piano.”? A．He runs fast every day. B．We watched a film last night. C．He helped me clean the classroom. D．Who posted me the letter in the morning? 【答案】B 【详解】句意：以下哪句话和“我喜欢弹钢琴”的句子结构相同？ 考查句子结构。He runs fast every day.主谓；We watched a film last night.主谓宾；He helped me clean the classroom.主谓宾宾补；Who posted me the letter in the morning?主谓宾宾。句子I like playing the piano.是主谓宾结构，B选项与其结构相同。故选B。 25．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “People have sweet memories of summer days.”? A．All the birds fly far away. B．Farmers are busy working in the fields. C．Warm and sunny days make people very happy. D．People enjoy the cool wind on summer afternoons. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪一句和“People have sweet memories of summer days.”有相同的句子结构？ 考查句子结构。All the birds fly far away.主谓结构；Farmers are busy working in the fields.主系表结构；Warm and sunny days make people very happy.主谓宾+宾补结构；People enjoy the cool wind on summer afternoons.主谓宾结构。“People have sweet memories of summer days.”是主谓宾结构，与选项D结构相同。故选D。 26．Farmers harvest crops. The structure of the sentence is_________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P 【答案】A 【详解】句意：农民收割庄稼。这个句子的结构是S+V+O。 考查句子结构分析。在“Farmers harvest crops.”中，Farmers是句子的主语，harvest是谓语动词，crops是宾语。该句子结构为“主语 + 谓语 + 宾语”，即S + V + O 。故选A。 27．“We have four seasons.” The main structure of the sentence is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】A 【详解】句意：“我们有四季。”这个句子的主要结构是S+V+O。 考查句子结构分析。在“We have four seasons.”中，We是句子的主语，have是谓语动词，four seasons是宾语。该句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”，即S+V+O。故选A。 28．Which of the following sentences follows the structure S+V+O? A．Dolphins swim fast. B．The dress looks shiny in the sun. C．Peter built his dog a house. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子是主谓宾结构? 考查句子结构。Dolphins swim fast.句子结构为S+V；The dress looks shiny in the sun.句子结构为S+V+P；Peter built his dog a house.句子结构为S+V+IO+DO；The volunteers are cleaning the street.句子结构为S+V+O，符合题目要求。故选D。 29．Which of the following sentence does fit the sentence structure “S＋V＋O”? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．East or west, home is best. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Care and diligence bring luck. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下面哪个句子符合“S+V+O”的句子结构？ 考查句子结构。Actions speak louder than words“S+V”；East or west, home is best“S+V+P”；A friend in need is a friend indeed“S+V+P”；Care and diligence bring luck“S+V+O”。“S＋V＋O”指的是“主语+谓语+宾语”，根据句型结构可知D符合，Care and diligence是主语S，bring是谓语动词V，luck是宾语O。故选D。 30．The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Lanzhou” is ________ . A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】A 【详解】句意：I enjoy living in Lanzhou这句话是主谓宾结构。 考查基本句型。S+V+O主+谓+宾；S+V+P主+系+表；S+V+IO+DO主+谓+宾+宾；S+V+DO+OC主+谓+宾+宾补。根据“I enjoy living in Lanzhou”可知，主语I；谓语enjoy；宾语living in Lanzhou。所以句式结构为“S+V+O”。故选A。 题型五：主谓宾宾 31．Tom bought his grandparents a beautiful house. A．主语 B．定语 C．间接宾语 D．直接宾语 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Tom给他的祖父母买了一座漂亮的房子。 考查句子成分。buy sb. sth.表示“给某人买某物”，其中sb.为间接宾语，sth.为直接宾语；本句中his grandparents为间接宾语，a beautiful house为直接宾语。故选D。 32．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “The teacher gave the students an interesting project”? A．The students had fun in the playground. B．The classroom is bigger than before. C．The students saw the leaves falling. D．Mr. Li is teaching us a new English song. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪个句子的结构与“The teacher gave the students an interesting project”相同？ 考查基本句型。The students had fun in the playground的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语”；The classroom is bigger than before的句子结构为“主语+系动词+表语”；The students saw the leaves falling的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”；Mr. Li is teaching us a new English song的句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。The teacher gave the students an interesting project的句子结构为“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，D项符合。 33．The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. Which is the correct sentence structure? A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO 【答案】B 【详解】句意：该保护区提供野生动物的食物和栖息地。哪一句是正确的句子结构？ 考查句子结构。根据“The reserve gives wildlife food and cover.”可知，“The reserve”为主语，“gives”为谓语动词，wildlife为间接宾语，“food and cover”为直接宾语，所以该句结构为“S+V+IO+DO”。故选B。 34．He bought me a nice present last week. A．表语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他上周给我买了一个很好看的礼物。 考查成分辨析。原题干是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”结构，he是主语；bought是谓语；me是间接宾语；a nice present是直接宾语；last week是时间状语。故选C。 35．Can you give me some suggestions? A．直接宾语 B．间接宾语 C．形式主语 D．真正主语 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查句子成分。分析句子可知，you作主语；give作谓语；me作间接宾语；some suggestions作直接宾语。故选A。 36．The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“She gave me a present yesterday.”这个句子结构是主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V主+谓；S+V+O主+谓+宾；S+V+IO+DO主+谓+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+P主+系动词+表语。She主语；gave谓语；me间接宾语；a present直接宾语。故选C。 37．The main structure of the sentence “Hobo built Eddie a tent.” is ________ A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + DO + OC 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“霍博给埃迪搭建了一个帐篷。”句子的主要结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 考查句子成分。Hobo是主语，built是谓语，Eddie是间接宾语，a tent是直接宾语。因此，这句话的结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”，即S + V + IO + DO。故选C。 38．—What’s the basic structure of the sentence “Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”? —It is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——“Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”这句话的基本结构是什么？——结构是：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构。S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+O表示“主语+谓语+宾语”；S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语”。分析句子可知，“Our English teacher”是主语，“tells”是谓语，“us”是间接宾语，“interesting stories”是直接宾语。故选B。 39．The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.”的句子结构是“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”。 考查句子结构。分析句子可知，my mum是主语S，cooked是谓语V，me是间接宾语IO，a nice meal是直接宾语DO，所以句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。故选D。 40．Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A．S+V+O B．S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】B 【详解】句意：哪个是“他昨天给你买了一本字典”的句型？ 考查句子结构。S+V+O主谓宾；S+Ⅴ+IO+DO主谓双宾；S+V主谓；S+V+O+OC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知，He主语；bought谓语；you间接宾语；a dictionary直接宾语；yesterday状语。故选B。 题型六：主谓宾宾补 41．The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】B 【详解】句意：“张老师教我们英语。”这个句子的结构是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 考查句子结构辨析。S+V+DO 主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+DO 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语；S+V+P 主语+谓语+表语。根据句子“Mr Zhang teaches us English.”可知，“us”是间接宾语，“English”是直接宾语，符合“主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语”的结构，故选B。 42．The sentence structure of “We call the giant panda Ru Yi.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我们叫大熊猫如意。”的句子结构是主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。分析句子结构可知，We是主语；call是谓语；the giant panda是宾语；Ru Yi是宾补。故选D。 43．The sentence pattern of “We make Dingxi City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“We make Dingxi City beautiful.(我们让定西市变得美丽。)”的句型是主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 考查句子结构。S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+P主语+连系动词+表语；S+V+IO+DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+O+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。 “We make Dingxi City beautiful.”这句话中，We是主语，make是谓语，Dingxi City是宾语，beautiful是宾语补足语。故选D。 44．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I find English very interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．People like flying kites on spring days. C．My parents gave me nice presents. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：以下哪一项与“I find English very interesting.”的句子结构相同？ 考查句子结构。Autumn leaves turn brown，“主语+系动词+表语”结构；People like flying kites on spring days，“主语+谓语+宾语+状语”结构；My parents gave me nice presents，“主语+谓语+间宾+直宾”结构；I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park，“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”结构。I find English very interesting的句子结构为“主语+谓语+宾语+宾补”，D项符合。故选D。 45．The sentence structure (结构) of “He is ringing someone to come and help us at the moment.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+DO D．S+V+IO+DO 【答案】B 【详解】句意：句子“He is ringing someone to come and help us at the moment.”的句子结构是：主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。这里He是主语，is ringing是谓语动词短语，someone是直接宾语，to come and help us at the moment是宾语补足语。符合B选项“S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾补”结构。故选B。 46．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I see him playing basketball on the playground.”? A．We will send her a birthday card. B．They often fly kites on windy days. C．All the classmates find Tom generous. D．The new idea sounds really wonderful. 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下列哪项与“我看见他在操场上打篮球”有相同的句子结构？ 考查句子结构。We will send her a birthday card.我们将寄给她一张生日卡；They often fly kites on windy days.他们经常在有风的日子放风筝；All the classmates find Tom generous. 所有的同学都觉得汤姆很慷慨；The new idea sounds really wonderful.这个新主意听起来真不错。句子“I see him playing basketball on the playground.”中：I为主语；see为谓语；him为宾语；playing basketball为宾补；on the playground状语。选项C“All the classmates find Tom generous.”中：All the classmates为主语；find为谓语；Tom为宾语；generous为宾补。因此选项C结构与题干的句子都是“主+谓+宾+宾补”的结构。故选C。 47．The sentence structure of “The good news made me happy.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“The good news made me happy”句型结构是S+V+DO+OC。 考查句型结构。S+V+IO+DO主谓间宾直宾；S+V+O主谓宾；S+V+DO+OC主谓宾宾补；S+V+P主系表。The good news作主语；made作谓语；me作宾语；happy形容词作宾补。故选C。 48．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“埃迪正在看着霍波干活”这句话的句子结构是什么？ 考查基本句型。该句型结构为“主语+谓语+直接宾语+宾语补足语”，表示“埃迪正在看霍波工作”。其中，Eddie为主语（S）；is watching为谓语（V）；Hobo为直接宾语（DO）；work为宾语补足语（OC）。故选D。 49．The sentence pattern of “We make Wu Wei City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我们让无为市美丽。”的句型是S+V+DO+OC。 考查基本句型。S+V+O表示“主语+及物动词+宾语”；S+V+P表示“主语+系动词+表语”；S+V+IO+DO表示“主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语”；S+V+DO+OC表示“主语+及物动词+直接宾语+宾语补足语”。句子“We make Wu Wei City beautiful.”的主语是“We”，谓语是“make”，直接宾语是“Wu Wei City”，宾语补足语是“beautiful”，因此是“S+V+DO+OC”句型。故选D。 50．The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 【答案】D 【详解】句意：“我觉得这个故事很有趣。”这句话的结构是主+谓+宾语+宾补。 考查句子结构。S+V主语+谓语；S+V+O主语+谓语+宾语；S+V+IO+ DO主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；S+V+DO+OC主语+谓语+宾语+宾补。分析句子“I find the story very interesting.”“I”是主语，表示执行动作的在这个句子中，人；“find”是谓语动词，表示“发现”的动作；“the book”是宾语，是“find”这个动作的对象；“interesting”是用来补充说明“the book”的特征，即“有趣的”，在句中作宾语补足语。所以该句子的结构是“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”，即 S+V+ DO + OC 结构。故选D。 题型七：There be句型（存现句） 51．There ________ an English party in our school this evening. A．is going to have B．will have C．is going to be D．will has 【答案】C 【详解】句意：今晚我们学校将有一个英语晚会。 考查there be句型及时态。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此句为there be句型，根据“this evening”可知，句子时态为一般将来时，C项符合。故选C。 52．There’s going ________ a Christmas party on 25 December. A．have B．to have C．be D．to be 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在12月25日将会有一场圣诞宴会。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。have有，动词原形；to have有，动词不定式；be，是be动词；to be动词不定式。根据“There’s going...a Christmas party”可知，此处是there be句型的一般将来时，意为“将要有”，结构为 “there is/are going to be...”，故选D。 53．There ________ some water in the pond. Do you want to go fishing? A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：池塘里有一些水。你想去钓鱼吗？ 考查there be句型及主谓一致。is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的复数和第二人称单数现在时形式；have有，动词原形；has有，三单形式。分析句子结构并结合选项可知，此句为there be句型，主语“water”为不可数名词，be动词用is。故选A。 54．There ________ a tiger and two lions in the zoo. A．is B．are C．have D．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：动物园里有一只老虎和两只狮子。 考查There be 句型。根据“There...a tiger and two lions in the zoo.”可知，本句为There be 句型，遵循就近原则，“a tiger“是单数，需用is，故选A。 55．There ________ no milk in the fridge. Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some. A．is B．are C．isn’t D．aren’t 【答案】A 【详解】句意：冰箱里没有牛奶了。我们去超市买一些吧。 考查there be句型。根据“Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some.”可知，冰箱里没有牛奶了，句中已有表示否定意义的词no，因此排除C项和D项；milk是不可数名词，be动词应用is，排除B项。故选A。 56．________ a light show this weekend in the city centre. A．There will B．There will be C．There is going to D．There is going to have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：本周末市中心将有一场灯光秀。 考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据“this weekend”可知，时态为一般将来时，句子为there be句型，其一般将来时结构为“there will be”或“there is/am/are going to be”。故选B。 57．— ________ there a school here? —Yes, ________. A．Is; there is B．Is; it is C．Are; there are D．Are; they are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这儿有一所学校吗？ ——是的，有。 考查一般疑问句和there be句型。问句是there be句型的一般疑问句，主语a school为单数，因此be动词用Is； 回答需遵循there be句型的固定回答形式，肯定回答为Yes, there is。故选A。 58．There ________ any bottles of juice in the fridge, but there is some tea in the kitchen. A．aren’t B．isn’t C．are D．is 【答案】A 【详解】句意：冰箱里没有任何果汁，但厨房里有一些茶。 考查there be句型。bottles是复数名词，因此需要用are或其否定形式。根据“any”提示，句子表否定，故空格处应用aren’t。故选A。 59．The app shows that Bus No.3 is about 5 km ________ of the bus stop. There is no ________ in worrying. A．east; point B．the east; point C．east; need D．the east; need 【答案】A 【详解】句意：应用程序显示，3路公交车在公交站以东约5公里处。没必要担心。 考查方位词和固定句型。There is no need to do sth.“没有必要做某事”；There is no point in doing sth.“做某事没有意义”。“east”作副词时，表示“向东；在东方” ，“Bus No.3 is about 5 km east of the bus stop.”意思是“3 路公交车在公交车站以东大约 5 公里处” ，此时“east”直接用于表示方向，前面不需要加定冠词“the” ；“There is no point in doing sth.”是固定句型，意为“做某事没有意义”，此处是说没必要担心，所以用point。故选A。 60．—Is there going to ________ a basketball match this afternoon? —Yes. It’s at four, between Class Five and Class Six. A．take B．make C．be D．have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——今天下午将有一场篮球赛吗？——是的，四点开始，五班对六班。 考查there be句型的一般将来时。take“带走”；make“制作”；be“存在、有”；have“拥有”。根据“Is there going to … a basketball match”可知，此处是there be句型，且其一般将来时结构为“There is going to be...”。 故选C。 2 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 1 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 2025-2026学年一线教师制作新课程英语同步精品系列资料，名师遴选！ 学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________ Unit 4 Problems and advice 重点语法：句子成分和基本句型（七大题型，60题）精讲练 目录 语法知识精讲 1 语法知识精练 2 题型一：句子成分 2 题型二：主谓 4 题型三：主系表 6 题型四：主谓宾 8 题型五：主谓宾宾 10 题型六：主谓宾宾补 12 题型七：There be句型（存现句） 15 语法知识精讲 类别 具体内容 位置 / 结构特点 典型例句 一、句子成分 1. 主语 (Subject)（动作的发出者或被描述的主体，多为名词、代词等） 句首（除倒装句外） - He plays basketball.（他打篮球。） - English is easy.（英语很简单。） 2. 谓语 (Predicate)（表示动作或状态，由动词或动词短语充当） 主语之后，是句子核心 - She sings well.（她唱得好。） - They will go to Beijing.（他们将去北京。） 3. 宾语 (Object)（动作的承受者，分直接宾语和间接宾语） 及物动词或介词之后 - I love books.（我喜欢书。）（直接宾语） - He gave me a pen.（他给了我一支笔。）（me 间接宾语，a pen 直接宾语） 4. 表语 (Predicative)（说明主语的性质、身份等，跟在系动词后） be/feel/look 等系动词之后 - She is a student.（她是一名学生。） - The cake tastes sweet.（蛋糕尝起来甜。） 5. 定语 (Attribute)（修饰名词或代词，多为形容词、代词、名词等） 名词前（前置定语）或后（后置定语） - This is a red apple.（这是一个红苹果。）（前置） - The book on the desk is mine.（桌子上的书是我的。）（后置） 6. 状语 (Adverbial)（修饰动词、形容词等，表时间、地点、方式等） 句首、句中或句末 - He runs fast.（他跑得快。）（方式） - We will meet tomorrow.（我们明天见。）（时间） 二、基本句型 1. 主谓 (S+V)（只有主语和谓语，谓语为不及物动词） 主语 + 不及物动词 - Birds fly.（鸟飞。） - The sun rises.（太阳升起。） 2. 主谓宾 (S+V+O)（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 - I eat rice.（我吃米饭。） - She reads books.（她看书。） 3. 主系表 (S+Link.V+P)（主语 + 系动词 + 表语） 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 - He is happy.（他很高兴。） - The flower looks beautiful.（这朵花看起来很漂亮。） 4. 主谓双宾 (S+V+IO+DO)（主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语） 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语 - My mom bought me a bag.（妈妈给我买了一个包。） - He told us a story.（他给我们讲了一个故事。） 5. 主谓宾补 (S+V+O+C)（主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语，补充说明宾语） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语（形容词 / 名词 / 动词不定式等） - We made him happy.（我们让他开心了。）（形容词作宾补） - I ask her to help me.（我让她帮我。）（不定式作宾补） 语法知识精练 题型一：句子成分 1．We all study hard at English. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 2．Betty likes her new bike very much. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 3．Were you at home last night? A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 4．He has read the book twice. A．主语 B．谓语 C．表语 D．宾语 5．It’s hard to imagine how things will go on. A．谓语 B．表语 C．定语 D．真正主语 6．My brother is a policeman. A．主语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．表语 7．He often walks in the park. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾语 D．表语 8．I’ll get you some tea now. A．谓语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 9．Mary asked me to help her yesterday. A．定语 B．状语 C．宾补 D．表语 10．They seemed unhappy when they heard the news. A．表语 B．谓语 C．宾语 D．定语 题型二：主谓 11．What is the sentence pattern of the sentence “They are swimming in the river now.”? A．S+V+P B．S+V C．S+V+O D．S+V+O+OC 12．—Can you tell me the main structure of the sentence “The wind is blowing hard.”? —Let me see. It’s “________”. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 13．What’s the sentence structure of “The book sells well”? A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 14．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as“The children are playing happily on the playground.”? A．Some children are playing football. B．They are passing the ball to each other. C．The coach teaches them to work as a team. D．They are listening carefully around the coach. 15．The sentence “He runs fast.” belongs to the structure ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+P D．S+V+IO+DO 题型三：主系表 16．Which of the following is the sentence pattern”S+V+P”? A．The old man walks in the park. B．I usually have breakfast at 7:00 C．The bike is new. D．She hopes to see her uncle. 17．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “Running is a good way to exercise.”? A．People who run will have a healthier heart. B．Running gives you a chance to enjoy views. C．You can hear the wind blowing while running. D．Starting an exercising habit sounds wonderful. 18．Susan thinks her friend should be the same as her. A．谓语 B．表语 C．定语 D．主语 19．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as this one? Chester was feeling more tired than usual after a day at the office. A．The children ran off quickly after class. B．I always believe everyone is born equal. C．Her job was organizing papers in the office then. D．We all consider Lucy very clever and hard-working. 20．Most of the water in this lake ________ dirty. How can we deal with it? A．have B．has C．are D．is 21．Peter didn’t come to school today. He _________ ill. A．may B．may be C．should D．should be 22．Which of the following sentence has the same sentence structure as “This kind of food tastes delicious”? A．You can put the dishes in the kitchen B．I often hear someone playing the violin next door. C．Having an ice-cream in the hot summer is really cool. D．Our headmaster will invite a scientist to our school very soon. 题型四：主谓宾 23．The sentence structure of “Tom is playing basketball.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 24．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I like playing the piano.”? A．He runs fast every day. B．We watched a film last night. C．He helped me clean the classroom. D．Who posted me the letter in the morning? 25．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “People have sweet memories of summer days.”? A．All the birds fly far away. B．Farmers are busy working in the fields. C．Warm and sunny days make people very happy. D．People enjoy the cool wind on summer afternoons. 26．Farmers harvest crops. The structure of the sentence is_________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P 27．“We have four seasons.” The main structure of the sentence is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 28．Which of the following sentences follows the structure S+V+O? A．Dolphins swim fast. B．The dress looks shiny in the sun. C．Peter built his dog a house. D．The volunteers are cleaning the street. 29．Which of the following sentence does fit the sentence structure “S＋V＋O”? A．Actions speak louder than words. B．East or west, home is best. C．A friend in need is a friend indeed. D．Care and diligence bring luck. 30．The sentence pattern of “I enjoy living in Lanzhou” is ________ . A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 题型五：主谓宾宾 31．Tom bought his grandparents a beautiful house. A．主语 B．定语 C．间接宾语 D．直接宾语 32．Which of the following sentences has the same structure as “The teacher gave the students an interesting project”? A．The students had fun in the playground. B．The classroom is bigger than before. C．The students saw the leaves falling. D．Mr. Li is teaching us a new English song. 33．The reserve gives wildlife food and cover. Which is the correct sentence structure? A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+DO 34．He bought me a nice present last week. A．表语 B．直接宾语 C．间接宾语 D．宾补 35．Can you give me some suggestions? A．直接宾语 B．间接宾语 C．形式主语 D．真正主语 36．The sentence pattern of “She gave me a present yesterday.” is ________. A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+P 37．The main structure of the sentence “Hobo built Eddie a tent.” is ________ A．S + V + O B．S + V + P C．S + V + IO + DO D．S + V + DO + OC 38．—What’s the basic structure of the sentence “Our English teacher sometimes tells us interesting stories in class.”? —It is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+O D．S+V+DO+OC 39．The sentence structure of “My mum cooked me a nice meal yesterday.” is________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+IO+DO 40．Which is the sentence pattern of “He bought you a dictionary yesterday.”? A．S+V+O B．S+Ⅴ+IO+DO C．S+V D．S+V+O+OC 题型六：主谓宾宾补 41．The sentence structure of “Mr Zhang teaches us English.” is _________. A．S+V+DO B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 42．The sentence structure of “We call the giant panda Ru Yi.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 43．The sentence pattern of “We make Dingxi City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+O+OC 44．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I find English very interesting.”? A．Autumn leaves turn brown. B．People like flying kites on spring days. C．My parents gave me nice presents. D．I saw some kids kicking the ball in the park. 45．The sentence structure (结构) of “He is ringing someone to come and help us at the moment.” is ________. A．S+V+P B．S+V+DO+OC C．S+V+DO D．S+V+IO+DO 46．Which of the following has the same sentence structure as “I see him playing basketball on the playground.”? A．We will send her a birthday card. B．They often fly kites on windy days. C．All the classmates find Tom generous. D．The new idea sounds really wonderful. 47．The sentence structure of “The good news made me happy.” is ________. A．S+V+IO+DO B．S+V+O C．S+V+DO+OC D．S+V+P 48．What is the sentence structure of “Eddie is watching Hobo work.”? A．S+V+O B．S+V+IO+DO C．S+V+P D．S+V+DO+OC 49．The sentence pattern of “We make Wu Wei City beautiful.” is ________. A．S+V+O B．S+V+P C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 50．The structure of the sentence “I find the story very interesting.” is ________  . A．S+V B．S+V+O C．S+V+IO+DO D．S+V+DO+OC 题型七：There be句型（存现句） 51．There ________ an English party in our school this evening. A．is going to have B．will have C．is going to be D．will has 52．There’s going ________ a Christmas party on 25 December. A．have B．to have C．be D．to be 53．There ________ some water in the pond. Do you want to go fishing? A．is B．are C．have D．has 54．There ________ a tiger and two lions in the zoo. A．is B．are C．have D．has 55．There ________ no milk in the fridge. Let’s go to the supermarket to buy some. A．is B．are C．isn’t D．aren’t 56．________ a light show this weekend in the city centre. A．There will B．There will be C．There is going to D．There is going to have 57．— ________ there a school here? —Yes, ________. A．Is; there is B．Is; it is C．Are; there are D．Are; they are 58．There ________ any bottles of juice in the fridge, but there is some tea in the kitchen. A．aren’t B．isn’t C．are D．is 59．The app shows that Bus No.3 is about 5 km ________ of the bus stop. There is no ________ in worrying. A．east; point B．the east; point C．east; need D．the east; need 60．—Is there going to ________ a basketball match this afternoon? —Yes. It’s at four, between Class Five and Class Six. A．take B．make C．be D．have 2 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 7 同步新课程，周周有练习，月月有重点！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $