高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 15 倒装句讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义围绕高考倒装句核心考点，系统整合完全倒装（如there be结构、地点介词短语开头）和部分倒装（如否定词/only开头、虚拟语气省略if）的类型及用法，按“定义-结构-分类应用”逻辑分层，通过考点梳理、结构对比、真题例句翻译等环节，帮助学生构建语法规则与语境应用的关联，突破倒装语序判断与运用难点。 讲义创新采用“规则-例外-语境”三维训练法，如讲解as引导的让步状语从句时，通过“Little boy as he is”与正常语序对比，引导学生分析倒装条件及语义强调功能，培养思维品质和语言能力。结合高考真题设计翻译与改写练习，即时反馈代词作主语不倒装等易错点，助力学生高效掌握考点，为教师分阶段复习提供清晰框架，提升复习精准度。

高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 15 倒装句 第一节 倒装句的定义与结构 一、倒装句的定义 倒装句(Inversion), 是指由于语法结构的要求, 或是由于修辞的需要而改变句子的自然语序, 把一些本应置于主语之后的句子成分提到主语之前的句子。其中, 因语法结构的要求而产生的倒装是必须的, 否则就会出现语法错误；因修饰的需要而产生的倒装是选择性的, 其目的或是强调, 或是使上下文紧密衔接, 抑或是保持句子结构的平衡匀称, 因此倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。根据句子中的谓语是全部还是部分置于主语前面, 倒装可分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种类型。 二、倒装句的结构 主语和谓语是句子的核心, 它们之间有两种语序：自然语序(Natural Order)和倒装语序(Inverted Order)。英语的自然语序为“主语+谓语+……”；英语的倒装语序为“谓语的全部或部分+主语+……”。而倒装语序又可分为完全倒装和部分倒装两种类型。 1.完全倒装 完全倒装是指句子的全部谓语置于主语之前, 其结构为“全部谓语+主语+……”。例如： Down jumped the prisoner from the top floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把手枪瞄准那个囚犯时, “砰”的一下他就从顶楼跳了下去。 On the ground lay piles of red apples, which are to be shipped to some southern cities. 成堆的红苹果放在地上, 等着用船运到其他南方城市去。 Here is the present with red ribbons you have been looking forward to. 你有一份盼望已久的系着红丝带的礼物在这儿。 注意： (1)完全倒装中, 谓语动词的数要与其后面的主语的数一致。例如： There is a growing tendency these days for many people who live in rural areas to come into and work in city. 农民进城打工正成为日益增长的趋势。 (2)完全倒装的主语必须是名词, 如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。例如： There are many blind paths now, but they are not standardized, and they were not built or designed by blind people. 现在有了很多盲道, 但是并不标准, 不是由残疾人修建或设计的。 Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了, 伞都撑起来了。 Down it came. 它掉了下来。 2.部分倒装 部分倒装是指只把系动词、情态动词、助动词等置于主语之前, 谓语的主体部分仍位于主语之后, 其结构为“系动词be(am/is/are/was/were)/情态动词(can/ could/ should/ may/ must/ will/ shall)/助动词(do/does/did/have/has)+主语+谓语主体部分(动词原形/过去分词/现在分词)+……”。例如： Only when the scientists have carried out a lot of experiments in the lab, can they arrive at a reasonable conclusion. 只有当科学家们在实验室进行大量的实验时, 他们才能得出一个合理的结论。 Had it not been for the timely help from my friends, I would not achieve such a great success as it is. 要不是朋友们的及时帮助, 我就不会像现在这样取得巨大的成功。 In no place other than the small mountain area, it had been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day. 据说除了这片小山区, 世界上没有哪个地方能让人在一天中感受到四季的变化。 第二节 倒装句的用法及注意问题 一、疑问句引起的完全倒装或部分倒装 疑问句可采用完全倒装或部分倒装语序。例如： Will you attend the professor's lecture after ending these series of complex research works? 你在完成这一系列复杂的研究工作后还参加教授的课程讲座吗? Was it the paper you had to submit to the tutor at the end of last semester? 这是你上学期末提交给导师的论文吗? Are these two brothers working together to overcome difficulties they encountered in their lives? 这两兄弟有没有共同努力工作来克服他们在生活中遇到的困难? Does knowledge render things more comprehensible, or more complex and mysterious? 知识使事物变得更加明了还是更加复杂和神秘了呢? 注意：以疑问词或疑问词修饰的名词作主语的疑问句要用正常语序。例如： Who told you the news that homeless people had fled from their home because of this great hurricane? 这则关于无家可归的人们因为这场飓风逃离家园的信息, 是谁告诉你的? Which girl with excellent running performance won the first place at this track meeting? 哪位女孩以优秀的跑步成绩在田径赛中拔得头筹? 二、there be结构引起的完全倒装 there be结构中, 主语位于be之后, 属于完全倒装。在此结构中, 可代替be的半联系动词有exist, seem, happen, appear, live, rise, stand, come, lie, flow等。例如： There are crowds of people purchasing these fresh vegetables in the supermarket that in less than half an hour nothing is left. 成群的人在超市购买这些新鲜的蔬菜, 不到半小时, 蔬菜就被抢购一空。 There stands a spectacular pagoda in the southeast of this small village where few people live. 在这个很少有人居住的小乡村的东南方矗立着一座宏伟的宝塔。 There have been some small fluctuations in the past year, but by and large prices have remained stable. 去年物价虽然有一些小波动, 但是整体仍保持稳定。 There have occurred many tremendous changes in my hometown since the policy on the improvement of people's living standards was carried out. 自从改善人民生活水平的政策落实以来, 我的家乡发生了巨变。 三、表示地点的介词短语引起的完全倒装 为使句子的叙述或描绘更加生动形象, 增加其语言效果, 在以here, there, now, then, in, out, off, up, away, under, down等表示地点、方位的副词, 以及表示地点的介词短语, 如in the distance, in the front of, in the middle/center of等开头的句子中使用完全倒装结构。例如： In the center of the square surrounded with green trees stood a soldier on duty. 绿树环绕的广场中央站着一位执勤的士兵。 Out rushed a ballistic missile from under the bomber. 从轰炸机下窜出一枚弹道导弹。 From down the hospital hallway came a blood-curdling scream. 从医院的走廊上传来了一阵毛骨悚然的尖叫。 As soon as the door of the theater was opened, in rushed a large crowd of audience who had been waiting outside for a long time. 剧院的门刚打开, 在外等候已久的观众就冲了进去。 Then came the exciting hour at which our team has got the first place in the math contest we have been looking forward to. 我们的团队在这次数学竞赛中获得了第一名, 这一我们期盼已久的激动人心的时刻终于来了。 注意：如果句子中的主语是代词, 则只能将副词置于句首, 主语和谓语动词的位置不变, 即用正常语序。例如： Ahead she sat with some kind of satisfactory facial expression for the excellent performance of her granddaughter on the stage. 她坐在前面, 为孙女精彩的舞台表演感到满意。 四、表语或状语开头引起的完全倒装 为强调句子中的某种成分, 以表语或状语开头的句子采用完全倒装语序。其结构为： (1)“表语+系动词+主语+……”。 (2)“状语+谓语动词+主语+……”。 Present at this symposium in the summer are the most experienced experts and scholars in this research field. 来参加今年夏天的研讨会的都是这个研究领域中最资深的专家学者。 Seated on the grassland are a lot of tireless visitors after long hours of tour sighting. 坐在草地上的是一群长时间观光旅游后感觉到疲倦的旅客。 Of physical health or optimistic mentality she had almost none. 在健康的身体或乐观的心态这两样中, 她什么都没有。 Standing on the platform for such an eloquent speech right now is dean of this academy. 现在站在讲台上作出如此精彩演讲的是这个学院的主任。 On the other hand is a compelling argument that education should be the given priority whether or not our economic conditions stay well. 另一方面, 有个很有说服力的观点, 认为无论经济条件处于何种状态, 教育都要放在优先地位。 By what standard, then, should we decide which species are worth saving and which ones are not? 那么, 我们该用何种标准来决定哪些物种值得被拯救, 哪些又不值得呢? 五、直接引语中的完全倒装 直接引语的全部或一部分置于句首时, 主句的主语和谓语次序要颠倒, 采用完全倒装结构。例如： “I shall not scold you.”said the man, “you are punished enough now.” “我不会责备你的。”这个人说, “你现在已经得到了惩罚。” “Perhaps he isn't a bad sort of chap after all.”remarked David. “他毕竟不是那种混蛋家伙。”大卫说。 注意：如果主句的主语为代词, 或谓语另有宾语, 则一般不用倒装。例如： “Who's paying?”shouted the fat man at the corner.“You are, ”I answered. “谁买单?”角落里一个肥胖的男人大声问道。我回答道：“你买单。” “I'm leaving for Hainan during the Spring Festival next month.”Mary told me yesterday. 玛丽昨天告诉我：“我下个月计划去海南过春节。” 六、as/though/although(尽管)引导的让步状语从句中的倒装语序 在as/though/although(尽管)引导的让步状语从句中, 当把表语或状语(名词、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词)提前时, 会引起句子的倒装。其倒装结构为“名词/形容词/副词/名词/实义动词原形/分词+as+主语+谓语+……”。例如： Little boy as he is, he gets far away from his family and begins to make a living on his own by doing part-time jobs. 尽管他是个小孩, 但他远离家人开始通过做兼职谋生。 Foolish though he looks, he always seems to make the wisest proposals. 他看起来样子傻傻的, 可似乎总是能提出最聪明的建议。 Fast as you read, you can't finish the novel characterized with detailed and vivid narration in a week. 尽管你读得很快, 你也不可能在一周之内将这本叙述生动而又翔实的小说读完。 Eating the apple as he was, he had got an eye for all David's movements. 他尽管咬着苹果, 但仍警惕着大卫的一举一动。 注意： (1)句首的名词不能带有任何冠词。例如： Child as she is, she knows how to keep harmonious interpersonal relationship with the others. 她尽管是个孩子, 但知道如何与他人维持和谐的人际关系。 (2)句首为实义动词时, 其他助动词要放在主语之后。如果实义动词带有宾语和状语, 则宾语和状语要随实义动词一起放在主语之前。例如： Try hard as he will, he never seems able to achieve the goal which he has been fighting for. 他尽管工作很尽力, 但似乎一直实现不了久久为之奋斗的目标。 七、否定或半否定意义的词或词组开头引起的部分倒装 含有否定或半否定意义的词或词组, 如never, not, no, neither, nor, nowhere, on no account, in no case, at no time, by no means, under/in no circumstances, in no conditions, hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, little, few置于句首时, 句子要采用部分倒装。例如： Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state. 在任何情况下我们都不能做有损国家利益而利己的事情。 Never have these two good friends quarreled with each other since they established a close relationship in 1991. 这两个好朋友自1991年成为莫逆之交以来, 彼此从未争吵过。 Never before has our country been as powerful and as prosperous as it is today. 我们的国家从未像今天这般强大而富强。 Seldom in all my life have I met such a selfish person who always takes his things into account without considering others. 我一生都很少碰到像这样自私至极, 从来只想到自己而不为他人着想的人。 Nowhere will you find the answer to this question as you haven't taken any efforts in finding the solution. 因为你没有设法去寻找解决办法, 所以无论如何你也不会找到这个问题的答案。 Nor can we alter facts by virtue of our inclinations or passions when it comes to history. 在历史方面, 我们不能以自己的喜好或热情来更改事实。 注意：如果含有否定或半否定意义的词或词组并不置于句首, 则不需要倒装。例如： We should under no circumstances do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the interests of the state. 在任何情况下我们都不能做有损国家利益而利己的事情。 八、Only开头引起的部分倒装 副词only 置于句首时, 起强调作用, 此时, 句子要采用部分倒装形式。例如： Only by making efforts to overcome all kinds of difficulties can we succeed in the end. 我们只有付出努力克服各种各样的困难, 才能最终取得成功。 Only when I saw him did I realize that I forgot to prepare a birthday gift for him. 只有当我看到他的时候, 我才意识到忘了给他准备一份生日礼物。 注意：如果置于句首的only 修饰主语, 则不用倒装结构。另外, 在“only+状语从句+主句”结构中, 主句采用倒装语序, 从句采用正常语序。例如： Only David failed in the final exam in our class because of his laziness in his daily learning. 因为大卫平时学习懒惰, 所以在我们班的期末考试中, 只有他不及格。 Only when the patient recovered consciousness were these doctors finally relaxed. 只有在病人恢复意识时医生们才终于松了口气。 Only when educators help students establish correct fundamental values, do young people grow into successful working adults. 只有当教育者们帮助学生树立正确的价值观时, 这些年轻人才能成长为成功的工作者。 九、省略了if的虚拟语气条件从句中的部分倒装 虚拟语气条件从句如果省略了if, 则要采用部分倒装的结构。此时, 需将were, had或should 放在主语之前。例如： Were my mother here, she would give attendance to my daily life and keep everything in order. 我妈妈要是在这儿, 她就会无微不至地关照我的生活, 把任何事情都处理得井井有条。 Were politicians to fully disclose every personal foible, few of them would be elected. 如果政界领导们彻底暴露其私人弱点, 那么他们当中几乎没有几个人可以当选。 Should you fail in this business investment, you could get encouraged again to get rid of the disadvantageous factors and regain prosperity you have created. 万一你生意投资失败, 你要再次鼓起勇气摆脱不利因素, 重拾你曾创造的辉煌。 Should we ever become so clever a species as to devise machines that can truly think for themselves and look out for their own well-being. 如果我们成了如此聪明的物种, 以至于我们可以像它们一样设计真正为自身考虑并关心自身利益的机器。 Had it not snowed so heavily, the company would have held an annual gathering party yesterday. 要不是下了大雪, 这家公司昨天就已举行了年度聚会活动。 Had these idealists concerned themselves with short-term survival and immediate needs, they might still be not recognized by the public. 如果这些理想主义者仅仅考虑短期的生存和即时的需要, 他们也许就不会被公众所接受。 十、表示祝愿的句子中的部分倒装 表示祝愿的句子采用部分倒装时, 谓语动词或谓语的一部分要放在主语之前。例如： May the season's joy fill you all the year round. 愿节日的愉快伴你一生。 May the coming New Year bring you joy, love and peace. 愿新年为你带来快乐、友爱和宁静。 May the New Year bring many good things and rich blessings to you and all those you love! 愿新年带给你和你所爱的人许多美好的事物和无尽的祝福! 十一、频率副词及短语开头引起的部分倒装 以频率副词及短语, 如often, always, many a time, now and again, once a week, now and then, every other day等开头的句子, 要采用部分倒装的形式。例如： Often did we advise them not to smoke in the public area because Nicotine is harmful to people's health. 因为尼古丁有害人体健康, 我们经常建议他们别在公共场合抽烟。 Many a time have I helped her whenever she encountered misfortune and suffered sickness in her life. 她患病遭遇不幸时, 我多次地帮助她。 Now and then did the old couple go outside for a walk after supper every day since they have developed this habit into part of their lives. 这对老夫妇时不时地在每天晚饭后外出散步, 因为他们已经把这种习惯融为生活的一部分。 十二、so开头引起的结构倒装 so开头引起的结构倒装分为以下两种情况： (1)在so/such...that结构中, 当so或such位于句首时, 句子可以构成部分倒装句, 用于表示对so/such和that之间的部分的强调。例如： So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话的声音那样大, 以至于连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。 Such an outstanding musician was Beethoven that still today many people highly appreciate his representative works. 贝多芬是一位如此卓越的音乐家, 以至于现在仍然还有许多人高度认可他的代表作。 Such a successful merchant was in the architectural industry that he set up countless branches and accumulated large amounts of money. 他是一位在建筑行业取得成功的商人, 已经开了众多的分公司, 积累了巨额财富。 So beautiful is the scenery of my hometown that each year it attracts thousands of tourists from both home and abroad. 我的家乡风景很美, 每年都会吸引来自国内外的上千名游客。 (2)在重复倒装句型“so/neither/nor+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语”中, 为避免句子中部分内容不必要的重复, 通常以so, nor, neither作为开头, 表示谓语所述的情况也适用于另一个人或另一事物。其中, so用于肯定句, 表示“也一样”“也这样”；nor, neither 用于否定句, 表示“同样也不, 也不这样”。例如： Nonstop waves of immigrants played a role too, and so did bigger crops of babies as yesterday's“baby boom”generation reached its child-bearing years. 不间断的移民浪潮也发挥了作用——而且随着昔日在“生育高峰期”出生的一代人达到生育年龄, 婴儿的出生数量增加了, 这同样起了作用。 My parents do not like eating chicken for they feel the taste disgusting.Neither/Nor do I. 我的父母亲因为觉得鸡肉味道不好而不喜欢吃。我同样也不喜欢吃。 十三、复合句或并列句中的倒装 在判断带有倒装句的复合句或并列句中的倒装位置时, 应遵循如下规则。 (1)not only...but also结构遵循“前倒后不倒”的原则, 即在not only...but also引导的并列句中, 当not only 位于句首时, 其所引导的位于前面的分句倒装, but also所引导的位于后面的分句不倒装。例如： Not only is the child good at figure calculation, but also he has talent for music and painting. 这个孩子不仅擅长于算术运算, 而且在音乐和绘画上颇有天赋。 Not only can he dance very gracefully, but he can also play some musical instruments very skillfully. 他不仅跳舞很优雅, 而且能够熟练地演奏乐器。 Not only did they design such a device but they had also managed to apply it into batches of industrial products. 他们不仅设计出这样一种装置, 还成功地将它应用到成批的工业产品中。 (2)Neither...nor遵循“前倒后也倒”的原则, 即前后分句均用倒装。例如： Neither do I know her personal information and family background, nor does he. 我不了解她的个人信息和家庭背景, 他同样也不了解。 Neither is David willing to stay in the polluted countryside for a holiday, nor am I. 大卫不愿意待在环境受到污染的乡村度假, 我同样也不愿意待在那里。 (3)not until..., hardly/scarcely...when, no sooner...than结构遵循“主倒从不倒”的原则, 即主句采用倒装, 从句不倒装。例如： Not until you lost all property you have once possessed did you realize how precious these things are. 直到你失去曾经拥有的所有财产, 你才会意识到这些东西是多么的宝贵。 Not until Columbus discovered the new land, were bananas brought to Europe. 直到哥伦布发现新大陆, 香蕉才得以运送到欧洲。 Hardly/Scarcely had the thief arrived at the train station when he was arrested by the policemen who tracked him beforehand. 这个贼刚到火车站就被早先跟踪他的警察们逮个正着。 No sooner had he stepped onto the stage for performance than a wave of warm cheer was heard. 他一上舞台表演就收到了一阵热烈的喝彩声。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $