高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 14 虚拟语气 讲义-2026届高三英语上学期一轮复习专项

该高中英语讲义紧扣虚拟语气高考核心考点，系统整合非真实条件句（含倒装、混合、含蓄型）、名词性从句、定语从句等六大应用场景，按“定义-用法-特例”逻辑构建知识体系。通过考点清单梳理、专项方法指导（如时态匹配口诀）、近五年真题分类训练三个环节，帮助学生突破虚拟语气时态选择与句式转换难点。 资料创新采用“对比表格+口诀记忆”教学策略，如设计非真实条件句主从句时态对比表，提炼“倒装结构口诀”（“had/should/were提前，否定not主语后”）强化理解，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置基础识别、句式转换、语用情境分层练习，配合真题错题归因分析，确保学生短期内掌握虚拟语气精准运用，为教师高效推进语法复习提供清晰路径。

高中英语基础语法汇编 chapter 14 虚拟语气 第一节 虚拟语气的定义 虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)是谓语动词的一种特殊形式, 用以表示假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等非真实情况。英语中有三种语气形式, 即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。陈述语气用以说明事实或就事实提出询问, 可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中；祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等；虚拟语气则用来表示假想, 即并非客观存在的事实。例如： He is honest. 他很诚实。(陈述语气) Don't be late next time. 下次别迟到。(祈使语气) If I were you, I would not go. 我要是你, 我就不会去。(虚拟语气) I wish I had a lot of money. 要是我有很多钱就好了。(虚拟语气) 第二节 虚拟语气的用法 一、虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中时的具体形式如下表所示。 虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 1.虚拟语气的倒装结构 若条件句中有had, should, were时, 可以把虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去, 而将had, should, were 等词提到主语之前, 即用倒装结构。另外, 句中如果出现not等否定词, 则需将否定词放在主语后面。例如： If she had been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. =Had she been here five minutes earlier she would have seen her old friend. 如果她早到五分钟, 她就会看见她的老朋友了。 Were it not for the expense(=If it were not for the expense), I would go abroad now. 如果不是因为费用问题, 我早就出国了。 Were I in school again(=If I were in school again), I would work harder. 如果我能再上一次学, 我会学习得更努力。 Had you asked me(=If you had asked me), I would have told you. 如果你问我, 我就会告诉你。 2.混合型虚拟语气 有时, 虚拟条件从句与主句所指的时间不一致。如果从句指的是过去, 而主句指的是现在或将来, 则应根据具体的语境情况, 结合上面提到的三种时态类型对时态作出相应的调整。例如： If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去, 因此用had+过去分词；主句表示的时间是现在, 因此用“would+动词原形”) 要是昨晚下过雨的话, 现在地面就会是湿的。 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.(条件从句用“had+过去分词”, 表示对过去的假设, 而主句是表示对现在的假设, 因此用“would+动词原形”) 假若你当时听我的话, 你现在就会好多了。 If you had followed the doctor's advice, you would be all right now.(条件从句表达的时间是过去, 因此用“had+过去分词”；主句表示的时间是现在, 因此用“would+动词原形”) 如果你听从医生的建议, 你现在就会好了。 I would never have been able to finish those two miles if I were you.(从句中用过去时, 表示事实与现在相反；主句用“would+have+过去分词”, 表示事实与过去相反。) 如果我是你的话, 我绝不可能跑完那两英里。 If the weather had been more favorable, the crop would be growing better. 如果当时的天气好一些, 现在的庄稼还会长得更好。 If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work. 如果你的身体好些, 我们早就让你参加他们的工作了。 3.含蓄型虚拟语气 具体的情形如下：有时, 虚拟条件并非通过if引导的条件句来表示, 而是暗含在上下文中。具体的情形如下： (1)用but for, with, without, in the absence of(如果没有)等来代替条件从句。例如： Without electricity human life would be quite different. =If there were no electricity, human life would be quite different. 如果没有电, 人类的生活就会大不一样。 Without your help, I couldn't finish my work on time. 如果没有你的帮忙, 我就不可能按时完成工作。 In the absence of water and air, nothing could live. 如果没有空气和水, 一切生命都无法生存。 What would you do with a million dollars?(=if you had a million dollars) 如果你有一百万美元, 你会用来做什么? But for the rain(=If it hadn't been for the rain), we would have finished the work. 如果不是因为下雨, 我们早就完成工作了。 (2)用otherwise, or(or else), even though等来表示与上文的情况相反, 从而引出虚拟语气。例如： I lost your address.Otherwise I would have visited you long before. =I lost your address.If I hadn't lost your address, I would have visited you long before. 我弄丢了你的地址, 要不然我早就拜访你了。 I was ill that day.Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meet. 那天我病了, 否则我就会参加运动会了。 (3)虚拟条件通过but暗示出来。例如： He would have given you more help, but he was too busy. 他本来会给你更多的帮助, 但是他太忙了。(如果那时他不忙, 他可以给你更多的帮助。句中的“but he was too busy”实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件——如果那时他不忙) He would lose weight, but he eats too much. 他本来可以减肥的, 但是他吃得太多了。(如果他吃得不多的话, 他是可以减肥的。句中的“but he eats too much”实际上是说“如果他吃得不多”这一虚拟条件) 二、虚拟语气用于名词性从句 1.用于主语从句 主语从句中的虚拟语气通常采用“should+动词原形”的形式。在此句型中, 主语从句由连词that引导, 且其句型通常为“It be+形容词/过去分词+that...(should)...”。其中, 常见的用于此句型的形容词或过去分词如下。 (1)用于该句型的形容词有表示“迫切, 紧急, 重要”的词, 如imperative, urgent, necessary, essential, important, vital等； 表示“适当, 较好”的词, 如appropriate, advisable, better, preferable, proper等； 表示“可能”的词, 如probable, possible等； 表示“好, 坏, 对, 错”的词, 如good, bad, right, wrong等； 表示“自然, 有趣, 吃惊”的词, 如natural, funny, strange, surprising等。例如： It's natural that he should feel hurt. 他感到疼是很正常的。 It was necessary that we(should)make everything ready ahead of time. 把一切提前准备好很有必要。 (2)用于该句型的过去分词有表示“要求”的词, 如required, demanded, requested, desired等； 表示“建议”的词, 如suggested, recommended等； 表示“命令”的词, 如ordered等。例如： It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 真希望这所房子在下个月前就能竣工。 It is required that nobody(should)smoke here. 要求每个人不许在这里吸烟。 It is advised that one(should)take plenty of boiled water. 有人建议每个人都应多喝水。 It is ordered that all the students should not carry a mobile phone with them while taking an exam. 根据命令, 所有学生在考试期间都不能携带手机。 2.用于宾语从句 (1)wish后面所接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的时态应根据从句的意义来判断。具体的判断方法如下： ①当wish表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望时, 从句的谓语动词用过去时态。例如： I wish they were not so late. 要是他们来得不是这么晚就好了。 I wish I were ten years younger. 但愿我年轻十岁。 I wish I could fly to the moon someday. 如果有一天我能飞到月球上就好了。 ②当wish表示与过去事实相反的愿望时, 从句的谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： I wished he hadn't done that. 我真希望那件事不是他做的。 I wish you had come to the lecture. 要是你来听报告就好了。 注意：wish与hope所接的宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示的希望, 一般可以实现, 因此其宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示的愿望通常难度很大或不大可能实现, 因此其宾语从句用虚拟语气。例如： We hope they will come.(We don't know if they can come) We wish they could come.(We know they are not coming) 我们希望他们能来。 (2)表示“要求, 建议, 命令”等动词后面的宾语从句中的谓语动词也会采用虚拟语气。通常, 用于此句型的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest等。并且, 此句型从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”形式, 其中should 可以省去。例如： I insisted that he(should)go with us. 我坚持让他和我们一起去。 He urged that they go to Europe. 他督促他们到欧洲去。 He suggested that we should leave early. 他建议我们早点动身。 He ordered that it(should)be sent back. 他命令把它送回去。 I ask that he leave. 我要求他走开。 He requires that I(should)appear. 他要求我出场。 I move that we accept the proposal. 我提议通过这项提案。 He arranged that I should go abroad. 他安排我去国外。 She desires that he do it. 她希望他做此事。 The general directed that the prisoners should be set free. 将军指示释放那些俘虏。 注意：当insist 表示“坚持认为”, suggest表示“表明, 显示”时, 不用虚拟语气。例如： He insisted that she was honest. 他坚持认为她是诚实的。 (3)would rather后面的宾语从句, 其谓语动词习惯上也要用虚拟语气, 表示“宁愿做什么”。具体的用法如下： ①用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望。例如： I'd rather you came next week. 我宁愿你下周来。 I'd rather you went now. 我宁愿你现在去。 ②用过去完成时表示过去的愿望。例如： I'd rather you hadn't said it. 我真希望你没有这样说过。 3.用于表语从句或同位语从句 在由与表示决定、主张、要求、建议、命令等的动词相对应的名词如order, plan, suggestion, idea, proposal, advice, demand等构成的表语从句或同位语从句中, 也会采用虚拟语气, 且其从句的谓语动词通常采用“should+动词原形”结构, 其中, should可省略。例如： Our suggestion is that you(should)be the first to go. 我们的建议是你应该第一个去。 My advice is that you(should)quit smoking. 我的建议是你应该戒烟。 I made a suggestion that you (should) stay here until the party was over. 我建议你待到晚会结束。 三、用于定语从句中 定语从句中的虚拟语气通常用于“It is time(about time/high time/the very time/right time)that...+(过去时或should+动词原形)...”句型中, 其从句的谓语动词通常用过去式表示“早该干某事了”。有时, 从句的谓语动词也可采用过去进行时或“should+动词原形”(较少见, 且should不能省略)。例如： It is high time that you went home now. =It is high time I should go home now. 我该回家了。 It is high time that we went to school. 我们早该上学了。 It's time we left. 我们该走了。 It's about time that we put an end to this controversy. 现在该是我们停止这场争论的时候了。 四、用于as if(as though), even if(even though)引导的从句中 as if(as though), even if(even though)引导的从句中所用虚拟语气的时态与wish后面所接从句中谓语动词的时态情况一致, 即当从句表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望时, 从句中的谓语动词用过去时态；当从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望时, 从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： He acts as if he knew me. 他显得认识我似的。 They treat me as though I were a stranger. 他们待我如陌生人。 I really don't care for the way you're speaking to me. It seems as if you were my father. 我真的不喜欢你和我说话的方式, 好像你是我父亲似的。 He talks as if he had been abroad. 他说起话来好像曾经出过国。 It isn't as if he were poor. 他不像穷的样子。或：他又不穷。 注意：从句所表示的内容若为事实或可能成为事实, 其谓语动词也可用陈述语气。例如： It looks as if we'll be late. 我们似乎要迟到了。 五、用于if only引导的感叹句中 if only 表示“如果……就好了”, 其与wish一样, 也可用于表示与事实相反的愿望。并且, if only所接从句中虚拟语气的时态与wish后面所接从句中谓语动词的时态情况一致, 即当从句表示与现在和将来事实相反的愿望时, 从句中的谓语动词用过去时态；当从句表示与过去事实相反的愿望时, 从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时态。例如： If only I were as clever as you. 要是我像你一样聪明就好了。 If only I were taller. 要是我再高一点就好了。 If only she would go with me! 她要是愿意和我一道去就好了! If only he would come. 但愿他能来。 If only she had had more courage! 她再勇敢一些就好了! 六、用于表示祝愿的话语中 表示祝愿的话语中也可以用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的形式为谓语动词用动词原形或“may+动词原形”。例如： Long live motherland. 祖国万岁。 Heaven help us. 愿老天保佑我们。 God bless you. 愿上帝保佑你。 May there never be another world war. 愿再也不发生世界大战。 May you be happy all your life. 祝你一生幸福。 May you enjoy many years of health and happiness. 祝您健康长寿美满幸福。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $