【同步100分背默】Unit8 Pets and us-2025-2026学年八年级英语上册同步知识背默（沪教版2024）

【同步100分背默】Unit8 Pets and us 知识清单 一．词句背默 重点 单词 1. /əˈtæk/ v. 袭击；攻击 2.* /ˈfeɪθfl/ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 3. /həʊld/ v. 抱着；拿着 4. /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 可信任的；可信赖的 5. /əˈweɪk/ adj. 醒着 6. /flæt/ n. 公寓 7. /tʃɔɪs/ n. 选择 8. /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 劝告；建议 9. /kɔːz/ v. 引起；造成；导致 10.* /kəmˈpleɪn/ v. 抱怨；投诉 11. /ˈlɪtə(r)/ n. 垃圾箱 12. /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ adj. 不太可能发生的 13. /rɪˈliːv/ v. 方便；解手 14. /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/ adv. 在室内 15. /ˈmædʒɪkl/ adj. 有魔力的 16. /welθ/ n. 钱财；财富 17. /kwiːn/ n. 女王；王后 18. /ˈsɜːvənt/ n. 仆人；佣人 19. /praɪd/ n. 自豪；骄傲 20. /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……中 21. /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n. 关系 词汇 拓展 1.faith n. 信任；忠诚→ adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 2.hold v. 使保持（在某位置）→ （hold的过去式）→ held （hold的过去分词） 3.responsible adj. 负责任的→ n. 责任；负责→ adj. 不负责任的→ n. 无责任，无责任感 4.wake v. 醒来→ （wake的过去式）→ （wake的过去分词）→ adj. 醒着的 5.choose v. 选择 → n. 选择；选择权 → （choose的过去式） → （choose的过去分词） 6.advice n. 忠告；建议→ v. 劝告；建议 7.complain v. 发牢骚；投诉 → n. 投诉；抱怨 8.likely adj. 可能发生的→ adj. 不大可能发生的 9.magic n. 魔术；魔法→ adj. 魔法的，魔术的→ adv. 用魔法地；如魔法般地→ magician n. 魔术师，变戏法的人 10.relieve v. 缓解；减轻→ n. 宽慰，轻松 11.wealth n. 财富；富裕→ adj. 富有的 12.serve v. 服务；招待→ n. 服务→ n. 仆人，佣人 13.pride n. 自豪；骄傲→ adj. 自豪的，得意的 14.grow v. 成长；长大→ n. 成长→ （grow的过去式）→ （grow的过去分词） 15.care v. 关心；照顾 → adj. 仔细的，小心的 → adv. 小心谨慎地 → adj. 粗心的；大意的 16. short adj. 短的；不足的 → v. 缩短；变短→ n. 短缺；不足 → adv. 不久，很快，立刻 17.run v. 跑步→ （run的过去式）→ （run的过去分词） 18.free adj. 自由的；免费的 → n. 自由 19.lie v. 撒谎→ （lie的过去式）→ （lie的过去分词）→ （lie的现在分词） 20.lie v. 平躺；位于；坐落于→ （lie的过去式）→ （lie的过去分词） → （lie的现在分词） 21. lay v. 下蛋；放置→ （lay的过去式）→ （lay的过去分词） → （lay的现在分词） 22.addition n. 增加；加法→ adj. 附加的，额外的 23.catch v. 抓住；赶上 → （catch的过去式）→ （catch的过去分词） 重点 短语 1 长大；成熟 2. 照顾；照料 3. 总之；简言之 4. 别无选择；只能…... 5. 四处自由走动 6. 懒散度日；游手好闲 7. 抱怨 8. 除……之外(还） 9. 引起某人的注意 重点 句子 1. 忠实的狗总是会照顾它的主人。 A dog will always for its . 2. 他们别无选择，只能在家照顾生病的宠物。 They have no but to for their pet at home. 3. 宠物能缓解压力，总之，它们是人类的好朋友。 Pets can stress; in , they are good friends of humans. 4. 不要抱怨宠物带来的麻烦，毕竟照顾它们是你的责任。 Don't about the pets bring. After all, it's your to care for them. 5. 那只可爱的小猫四处自由走动，很快引起了女王的注意。 That lovely kitten free and soon the eye of the queen. 二．课文背默 Reading HEAD TO HEAD Is it a good idea to keep dogs as pets? Li Li and Wang Meng give their o 1 on this matter. “Keeping pet dogs is a good idea,” says Li Li. “Having pets is a good idea. There are lots of r 2 for this. First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. It’s nice to hold them in our arms and play games with them. It’s also wonderful to see them g 3 up. Second, we can learn r 4 from keeping dogs. We have to feed them, train them and play with them. According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people. It can also teach other young people how to care for others. Finally, a dog will love you faithfully and is always p 5 to see you. These characteristics mean that owning a dog can bring you lots of happiness. In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.” “Keeping pet dogs is not a good idea,” says Wang Meng. “It’s not a good idea to have a dog. Pet dogs leave their hair on the floor, on beds and on sofas, and they need to be washed often. Dogs are noisy. Nearly all dogs bark at strangers. Some dogs bark more loudly than others. A few dogs bark all night. This can keep neighbours a 6 at night. Not all dogs are friendly. A small number of pet dogs even a 7 people. What’s more, they have no c 8 but to live in flats. It’s common for people to keep their dogs inside most of the time. H 9 , this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they can run free. Finally, owning a dog can be expensive. An owner needs to buy food and toys for his or her dog, and if the dog gets ill, it needs to be taken to the vet . B 10 of all these reasons, I would advise you not to get a dog as a pet.” 观点交锋 养犬当宠物是个好主意吗？李丽和王萌就此问题发表了各自的观点。 李丽认为 “养宠物犬是个好主意” “养宠物是个不错的想法，理由有很多。 首先，狗狗真的很可爱，是很棒的玩伴。把它们抱在怀里一起做游戏很美好，看着它们长大也很奇妙。 其次，养犬能让我们学会责任感。我们得给它们喂食、训练它们，还得陪它们玩耍。我妈妈说，这有助于我们成为更有责任感的人，也能教会其他年轻人如何关心他人。 最后，狗狗会忠诚地爱你，每次见到你都很开心。这些特点意味着养犬能给你带来很多快乐。 总之，我觉得养条狗是个好主意。” 王萌认为 “养宠物犬不是个好主意” “养狗不是个好选择。宠物犬会把毛留在地板、床铺和沙发上，还得经常给它们洗澡。 狗狗很吵。几乎所有狗都会对着陌生人叫，有些狗叫得特别大声，还有少数狗会整夜吠叫，这会让邻居夜不能寐。而且不是所有狗都友好，有一小部分宠物犬甚至会攻击人。 此外，它们只能住在公寓里。人们通常大部分时间都把狗养在室内，但这对狗不好，因为它们需要新鲜空气和宽敞的开放空间来自由奔跑。 最后，养狗开销不小。主人得给狗狗买食物和玩具，要是狗狗生病了，还得带它去看兽医。 基于这些原因，我建议大家不要养狗当宠物。” 三．知识背默 1. faithful /ˈfeɪθfl/adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 （1）A dog is usually to its owner.狗通常对主人忠诚。 （2）I have been a reader of your newspaper for many years.我是贵报多年来的忠实读者。 用法解析 巧妙记忆：faith (n. 信任)+ful (形容词后缀，表示充满…… 的) 固定搭配：be faithful to 对…… 忠实 / 忠诚 2. hold /həʊld/v. 抱着；拿着 （1）He the important document tightly, fearing to lose them.他紧紧拿着重要文件，生怕弄丢。 （2）We a party every year to celebrate the school anniversary.我们每年举办派对庆祝校庆。 用法解析 过去式 / 过去分词：held 其他词义：抓住；举办 3. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 可信任的；可信赖的 （1）You can rely on him. He is a person and will never let you down.你可以依靠他。他是个可信任的人，绝不会让你失望。 （2）Parents are for their children’s growth.父母对孩子的成长负责。 用法解析 其他词义：有责任心的 派生词：responsibility n. 责任；职责 固定搭配：be responsible for 对…… 负责 4. choice /tʃɔɪs/n. 选择 （1）You need to make a between two jobs.你得在两份工作间做选择。 （2）She had no but to accept the invitation.她别无选择，只能接受邀请。 用法解析 派生词：choose v. 选择 固定搭配：make a choice 做选择；have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择，只能做某事 5. advise /ədˈvaɪz/v. 劝告；建议 （1）The doctor advised him exercise more.医生建议他多锻炼。 （2）Teachers advise more books to improve writing skills.老师建议多读书来提高写作技巧。 用法解析 派生词：advice n. 建议 同义词：suggest 固定搭配：advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；advise doing sth. 建议做某事 6. cause /kɔːz/v. 引起；造成；导致 用法解析 其他词性 & 词义：n. 原因 （1）Pollution can serious health problems.污染会引起严重的健康问题。 （2）The poor harvest prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。 （3）The of the fire is still unknown.火灾的原因仍未知。 7. complain /kəmˈpleɪn/v. 抱怨；投诉 （1）Customers often about bad service in the restaurant.顾客常抱怨这家餐厅服务差。 （2）She always complains her job being boring.她总抱怨自己的工作无聊。 用法解析 派生词：complaint n. 抱怨；投诉 固定搭配：complain about 抱怨…… 8. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/n. 垃圾 （1）Throwing on the street is not allowed.不许在街上扔垃圾。 （2）Don’t in the park.不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 用法解析 其他词性 & 词义：v. 乱扔垃圾 同义词：rubbish；trash 固定搭配：throw litter 扔垃圾 9. unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/adj. 不大可能发生的 （1）It’s to snow in this season.这个季节不大可能下雪。 （2）He’s unlikely finish the project in one day.他不太可能在一天内完成这个项目。 用法解析 巧妙记忆：un (否定前缀，不)+likely (可能的) 固定搭配：be unlikely to do sth. 不大可能做某事 10. relieve /rɪˈliːv/v. 方便；解手 （1）I had to myself behind a bush.我不得不在灌木丛后面方便。 （2）Listening to music can stress after a busy day.忙碌一天后，听音乐能缓解压力。 用法解析 其他词义：缓解；减轻 派生词：relief n. 缓解；轻松 固定搭配：relieve oneself 解手 11. indoors /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/adv. 在室内 （1）It’s raining heavily, so we have to stay .雨下得很大，所以我们不得不待在室内。 （2） activities like reading and painting are popular on rainy days.在雨天，阅读和绘画等室内活动很受欢迎。 用法解析 巧妙记忆：in (在…… 内)+doors (门，复数) 反义词：outdoors (adv. 在户外) 固定搭配：stay indoors 待在室内 12. wealth /welθ/n. 钱财；财富 用法解析 派生词：wealthy adj. 富有的 （1）The business plan aims to create for the company.这份商业计划旨在为公司创造财富。 （2）Health is more important than in life.生活中，健康比财富更重要。 13. pride /praɪd/n. 自豪；骄傲 （1）Parents take in their children’s progress.父母为孩子的进步感到自豪。 （2）They were proud their children’s achievements.他们为孩子们的成就感到骄傲。 用法解析 派生词：proud adj. 自豪的 固定搭配：take pride in (= be proud of) 为…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲 14. among /əˈmʌŋ/prep. 在…… 中 用法解析 辨析：between（两者之间）；among（三者及以上之间） （1）She is popular her classmates because of her kindness.由于她的善良，她在同学中很受欢迎。 （2）I sat down Jo and Diana.我在乔和黛安娜中间坐下。 15. It can also teach young students how to care for others.它还能教会年轻学生如何关爱他人。 【知识点 1】 （1）My mother me how to wash clothes.妈妈教我如何洗衣服。 （2）The teacher will teach students to prepare for the exam.老师会教学生为考试准备什么。 （2）Could you teach me to find the library?你能教我在哪里找到图书馆吗？ 用法解析 teach sb. + 疑问词 + 不定式（to do） ① 谓语动词：teach（教；教会） ② 间接宾语：sb.（通常是人称代词宾格或名词） ③ 疑问词：how/what/ where/when/ why/which 等（用于限定动作的方式、内容、地点等） ④ 不定式：to do（动词原形，与疑问词共同构成 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，作直接宾语） 【知识点 2】 （1）Volunteers often care the homeless people in winter.志愿者们在冬天经常照料无家可归的人。 （2）I don’t care for coffee; I tea.我不喜欢咖啡，我更喜欢茶。 （3）Would you care some tea?你想喝点茶吗？ （4）Take when you walk on the icy road.你在结冰的路上走时要小心。 （5）My sister will care of our pet dog when I’m on holiday.我度假时，我妹妹会照顾我们的宠物狗。 （6）It’s important to care the environment and protect it.关心并保护环境很重要。 （7）Please handle these fragile glasses with .请小心地拿这些易碎的玻璃杯。 用法解析 care for 照顾；照料 ① 表示 “关心；关爱；照顾”（侧重情感关怀或具体照料）。 ② 表示 “喜欢；愿意”（多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句）。 ③ 拓展： take care（小心；注意）；take care of（照顾；照料）； care about（在乎；关心）with care（小心地；仔细地） 16. If the dog gets ill, it needs to be taken to the hospital.如果狗生病了，就需要把它带去医院。 【知识点 1】 （1）The old bridge needs to be .这座旧桥需要被修复。 （2）The meeting notes needed to be after the discussion.讨论结束后，会议记录需要被整理。 （3）The new building will need to be next year.这座新建筑明年需要被粉刷。 （4）The car needs to be . = The car needs cleaning.这辆车需要清洗。 用法解析 need to be done 某事需要被完成 ① need：实义动词，意为 “需要”，有各种时态变化。 一般现在时：sth. needs to be done 一般过去时：sth. needed to be done 一般将来时：sth. will need to be done ② 在多数情况下，“need to be done” 可以与 “need doing” 互换，且 “need doing” 虽然是主动形式，但表达被动含义（即 “需要被……”）。 17. Because of all these reasons, I would advise him not to get a cat as a pet.由于所有这些原因，我建议他不要养一只猫当宠物。 【知识点 1】 （1）Because his carelessness, he made a big mistake.因为他的粗心，他犯了大错。 （2）Because of the bus, he was late for work.因为没赶上公交，他上班迟到了。 用法解析 Because of 因为；由于 ① 表明确的因果关系。 ② because of + 名词 / 代词 / 名词短语 / 动名词。 【知识点 2】 （1）I advise you not travel alone.→ I suggest (that) you (should) not travel alone.我建议你不要独自出行。 （2）The doctor advises patients not smoke.→ The doctor suggests that patients (should) not smoke.医生建议患者不要吸烟。 用法解析 advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事 ① advise 是及物动词，后必须接宾语（sb.）。 ② 可替换为 suggest (that) sb. (should) not do sth. ③ advise 与 suggest：advise 后接不定式（to do/not to do）；suggest 后接动名词 / 从句（不可接不定式）。 18. Pet dogs were often a symbol of wealth and power in the middle ages.中世纪时期，宠物犬往往是财富与权力的象征。 【知识点1】 （1）The dove is a of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。 （2）The dragon is a of power in Chinese culture.龙在中国文化中是力量的象征。 用法解析 a symbol of …… 的象征 ① 表示某事物是另一事物的象征或代表。 ② symbol：名词，意为 “象征，标志”。 19. Across the world, pets are currently treated like family members.如今，在世界各地，宠物都被视作家人们一样对待 【知识点 1】 （1）People the world are concerned about climate change.世界各地的人们都关注气候变化。 （2）Her books have been read the world.她的书在世界各地被阅读。 用法解析 across the world 在世界各地；全球范围内 ① 描述范围的广泛性，可位于句首、句中或句尾。 ② 同义短语：all over the world、globally。 【知识点 2】 （1）The old man was like family by his neighbors.这位老人被邻居当作家人对待。 （2）My mom our pet dog like a baby.我妈妈把我们的宠物狗当作婴儿对待。 用法解析 sb./sth. be treated like... 某人 / 物被当作…… 对待 ① treated：treat 的过去分词，意为 “对待”。 ② like：介词，意为 “像…… 一样”。 ③ 主动语态：treat sb./sth. like...。 20. The dog went on to star in nearly 30 films.这只狗后来继续主演了近 30 部电影 【知识点 1】 （1）He retired from acting and on to direct three films.他结束了演艺生涯，随后又执导了三部电影。 （2）Despite the noise, he went on his book.尽管周围很吵闹，他还是继续读他的书。 用法解析 go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事；继续去做某事 ① go on to do sth. 强调前后所做的事情是不同的。 ② go on doing sth.：描述 “持续进行同一动作，无中断”，强调连贯性。 【知识点 2】 （1）A famous actress will in a historical blockbuster next year.一位知名女演员明年将主演一部历史大片。 （2）The young actor dreams to star a hit crime series one day.这位年轻演员梦想有一天能主演热门犯罪剧集。 用法解析 star in 在…… 中担任主角 / 领衔主演 ① star：动词，意为 “主演；担任主角”。 ② 结构：主语 + star in + 作品名称（电影 / 剧集 / 话剧等）. ③ 常见搭配：star in a blockbuster（主演大片） star in a hit series（主演热门剧集） 21. Parrots have the ability to mimic human speech.鹦鹉有模仿人类语言的能力。 【知识点 1】 （1）Birds have the to fly high.鸟有能力高飞。 （2）Despite the injury, he was to finish the marathon.尽管受伤，他仍完成了马拉松。 （3）This AI is capable learning from mistakes and adapting its strategy.该 AI 能从错误中学习并调整策略。 用法解析 have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 ① ability：名词，意为 “能力”。 ② to do sth.：不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 ability。 ③ 拓展： have the ability to   客观能力（先天 / 习得） be able to           实际能够做到（结果） be capable of       综合潜力（含抗压性） 22. If the bird looks very tired, leave it alone.如果这只鸟看起来非常疲惫，就别打扰它。 【知识点 1】 （1）The baby is sleeping. Please leave her .婴儿在睡觉，请勿打扰她。 （2）He needs space. Just leave him until he cools down.他需要空间。让他独处，等冷静下来。 用法解析 leave … alone 不打扰、不干预、让…… 独自待着 ① leave：此处意为 “听任；不干涉”（而非 “离开”）。 ② alone：副词，意为 “独自地；不被打扰地”。 四．语法背默 一．副词的功能和位置 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫做副词。如：Unluckily he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly. 1. 副词的功能 （1）副词作状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。 My father works very hard. Tom speak Chinese really well. Luckily, it was not so hot. （2）副词作表语：主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词 Food here is hard to get. I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment. Let’s be out. （3）副词作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。 People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. Water here is prepared for you. （4）副词作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。 Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! I saw him there. Father kept him in and doing his lessons. Peter found his father in when he got home last night. 2. 副词在句中的位置： （1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。 Mr. Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. （2）频度副词often, always, never, seldom等作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。 He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. （3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。 It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. （4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。 On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot of time to do their own research work. （5）地点副词和表示具体时间的副词一般放在句末。如果这两个副词同时出现在一个句子中，则地点副词在前，时间副词在后。 Li Lei went there last night. Tom had a birthday party in a restaurant last Sunday. 二．副词的构成和分类 1. 副词的构成： 多数副词是由形容词加后缀构成的。其变化有以下几种形式。 （1）一般由形容词词尾加-ly变成副词。如：quick→quickly, sudden→suddenly, real→really, slow→slowly等。 （2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的要变y为i再加-ly。如：lucky→luckily, happy→happily, angry→angrily等。 （3）以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly。如：safe→safely, wide→widely, polite→politely等。 （4）以元音字母加+e结尾，去e再加-ly。如：true→truly等。 （5）以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e再加-y。如：possible→possibly, terrible→terribly等。 （6）形容词与副词同形。如：fast, high, hard, early等。 （7）形容词与副词异形。如：good→well等。 【注意】hard作形容词时意思是“困难的，硬的，生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。 We should study hard at school. I can hardly see anything in the dark room. The question is very hard for me to answer. 2. 副词的分类： （1）时间副词：通常用来表示动作的时间。时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。常见的时间副词有：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still等。 He will be back tomorrow. 他明天将回来。 Yesterday we all went to the park. 昨天我们都去公园了。 （2）地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。 The children are playing downstairs. Here people are practicing speaking English. Please go straight down the street. （3）方式副词：一般都是回答“怎样地？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly，它们与形容词同形。常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。 The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. （4）程度副词：多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。程度副词常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与 much连用并置于句末。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。 Her pronunciation is very good. I can hardly agree with you. Tom is old enough to go to school. （5）疑问副词：是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。 How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? （6）频度副词：是用来表示动作频率。常放在动词之前，或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中sometimes也常置于句首。常见的频度副词有：always, often, never, usually, hardly, seldom（很少）等。 I often go out for a walk after supper. She is seldom out on Sundays. (7)连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语，通常放在句子或从句前面。常见的连接副词有：so, yet, then, how, when, where, why, whether, however, otherwise, meanwhile等。 How I am going to kill the cat is still a question. That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. He wondered how he could do it the next day. 他不知道第二天怎样做那事。 (8)关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，放在从句的前面。常见的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。 This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well. 三．副词的比较级和最高级构成规律 （一）规则变化 1. 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：tall-taller-tallest; long-longer-longest; soon-sooner-soonest; hard-harder-hardest等。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest等。 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavy-heavier-heaviest; early-earlier-earliest等。 4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：big-bigger-biggest等。 【注意】大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖；双写末辅再变级。（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat） 5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： often-more often-most often; beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful等。 【注意】表示否定意义的比较级和最高级可以在其前加less /least。如：important-less important-least important等。 English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English. 6. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： slowly-more slowly-most slowly；quickly-more quickly- most quickly等。但early(形容词)-earlier-earliest例外。 （二）不规则变化（好坏多少老远） 原 级 比较级 最高级 good好的 well好；(身体)好的 bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的 old旧的，老的，年长的 far远的；远地 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most。如：like, real, right, glad, tired, pleased, often, exact等。 【注意】有些形容词如：dead, empty, sure, round, woolen等无比较级和最高级。 四．形容词副词比较等级的用法 （一）原级的用法 ⒈ 讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。只能修饰原级的词有：very, quite, so, too, rather。基本句型为： “主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级 +其它.” They ran quite fast. ⒉ 原级常用的句型结构 ⑴ 表示两者之间没有差别时，即A= B，使用句型：“A +谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.” Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady. ⑵ 表示A比不上B时，即A＜B，使用句型：“A+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”（so只能用于否定句中，as既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句中） He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 【注意】在as ... as结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰。 She is as good a teacher as your father. 她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。 “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as。not so much…as (或not…so much as)的意思是“不如……那样多”或“与其说是……不如说是……”。 Henry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 与其说亨利是一个作家不如说是一个记者。 They weren’t so much islands as sandbars. 与其说那是些岛屿，还不如说都是些沙洲。 （二）比较级的用法 1. 比较级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示两者比较，A超过B时，用比较级。基本句型为：“A+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+ 其它”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。 He works harder than I. This book didn’t cost me more than that one. ⑵ 表示两者比较，A不及B时，用比较级。句型是：“A+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+B+其它”。 I think English is less difficult than maths. Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language? ⑶ “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。 Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. ⑷ “比较级+ and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The days are getting longer and longer. He becomes fatter and fatter. English is becoming more and more important. ⑸ “The + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”、“越……就越……” The more trees we plant, the better it will be. The harder you try, the greater your progress is. ⑹ “特殊疑问词+be+形容词/副词的比较级+甲or乙？”用于两者之间的比较。 Which do you like better, the blue coat or the white coat? 2. 需注意的比较级的用法： ⑴ 比较级前还可以用a little, much, far, a lot, still, even等来修饰。以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 Tom looks even younger than before. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. ⑵ than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。 My pencil is longer than yours (your pencil). ⑶ 用比较级表示最高级含义的常用句型有： 1 比较级+than+any other+单数名词。 Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class. 2 比较级+than+the other+复数名词。 Tom is taller than the other boys in our class. 3 比较级+than+anyone else。 Tom is taller than anyone else in our class. 4 比较级+than+all other+复数名词。 This building is higher than all other buildings in Beijing. 5 Nobody else+比较级+than …。 Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class. ⑥ 有关的否定词+比较级。如： No other books has had a greater influence on my work and study. I never read a more interesting book. （三）最高级的用法 1. 最高级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级。基本句型为：主语+谓语动+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among+表示比较范围的名词、短语或从句。（of/among+人或物的复数形式，表示“在……之中的；在……中”；“in+地点、范围”表示“在……之中”。 He runs fastest in our class. This is the biggest apple I have ever met. He is the best among the students. ⑵“one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 He is one of the cleverest students in our class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. ⑶“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn? 2. 需注意的最高级的用法： ⑴ 副词的最高级前the 可省掉。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑵ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。 ⑶ most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。 ⑷ 最高级可被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。 He is our best friend. Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class. It’s most dangerous to be here. I cannot do it, it’s most difficult. It’s today’s most important news. This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 随堂训练 形容词和副词填空 1.　　　　　　(lucky), she was a quick learner.  2. “But you know it's a great life and we're learning so much on our journey,” says William 　　　　　　(proud).   3.Carmen loves the 　　　　　　(Australia)singer very much.  4.It's one of southern Africa's 　　　(hot) places, and there is often no water.  5.After that,Orion wanted to make an even 　　　　　(big)influence.  6.If someone is treated 　　　　　　(kind), it can make their day brighter and encourage that person to be kind to somebody else.  善意地对待。 7.My parents and I had a 　　　　　　(wonder) journey to Hainan.   8.The little boy was 　　　　　　(interest) in all of these subjects, especially in math.  9.For him, the quiet night was a 　　　　　　(value) time to focus on translation.  10.I thought about his words very 　　　　　　(careful)and then understood everything.  11.But there need to be 　　　　　　(strict)health rules than ever. Most programs will not be allowed to have more than 30 kids.  12.Of all the musical instruments, the drums were 　　　　　　(interesting)to Beth.  13.His smile was even 　　　　　　(bright)than the sun.  14.But then she stopped and looked at Mr Happy 　　　　　　(angry).  15.I got a cheap and simple room, much 　　　　　　(small) than my own room back home.  16.Thanks to others' help, we live much　　　　　　(happily) than before.  17.“Could you please bring it over here?”asked one boy 　　　　　　(polite).  语法选择 What are some of 　1　 scientific discoveries (发现) in the history of mankind? How have they changed our lives? Read the following story and you are 　2　 to find your answers.  There was once a(n) 　3　 scientist who made several important discoveries. Once he was asked how he was able to be so 　4　. He replied that it all came from an experience he had with his mother when he was 2 years old. He was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the refrigerator. But the bottle was too slippery(滑的) and he dropped it. The kitchen floor was covered with milk.  When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, “Robert, 　5　 you have made!I have never seen 　6　 puddle of milk. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”  So he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up together. Then his mother said, “This was a failed experiment in how to carry a 　7　 bottle of milk with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it.”  The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 　8　 the lesson is!  The scientist then added that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 　9　 to make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just opportunities to learn 　10　—which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't “work”, we can still learn something valuable from it.  1.A.big　　　 B.bigger C.biggest　　　 D.the biggest 2.A.sure　　　 B.interesting C.happy　　　 D.easy 3.A.powerful　　 B.important C.famous　　　 D.common 4.A.creative　　　 B.friendly C.popular　　　 D.humorous 5.A.what wonderful mess B.how a wonderful mess C.how wonderful mess D.what a wonderful mess 6.A.so huge　　　 B.so a huge C.such huge　　　 D.such a huge 7.A.big　　　 B.small　　　 C.good　　　 D.full 8.A.How great　 B.How a great C.What great　　 D.What a great 9.A.angry　　　 B.afraid C.sorry　　　 D.careful 10.A.new something　　　 B.something new C.new anything　　　 D.anything new 五．写作背默 本单元的话题是“完美宠物”,要求学生使用所学的词汇和句式介绍自己认为的完美宠物。考查学生写有关完美宠物的文章的命题方式有多种,如:根据表格信息、电子邮件和思维导图等,写一篇议论文、回一封信、发一封电子邮件等。 写作实例 　　在我们的生活中,宠物常常作为人类亲密的伙伴出现。许多人坚信狗是完美宠物,而有的人认为猫咪是完美宠物。那你呢?请以 “The Perfect Pet” 为题,写一篇英语短文。 要点:1.什么是完美宠物?为什么? 2.词数不少于80。3.语言表达清晰流畅,逻辑合理。 4.文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名等信息。 The Perfect Pet 审题指导 1.体裁:议论文    2.时态:以一般现在时为主    3.人称:以第三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①no matter what 不管发生什么事　 ②stay by one’s side 待在某人的身边　 ③cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来　 ④play with sb. 和某人玩　 ⑤take a walk 散步　 ⑥a great way to do sth. 做某事的好方法　 ⑦amazing tricks 惊人的技巧 ⑧Dogs are often called “man’s best friend”, so I think that dogs are the perfect pet. 狗常被称为“人类最好的朋友”,所以我认为狗是完美的宠物。 ⑨In short, dogs bring so much joy and love into our lives. 简而言之,狗给我们的生活带来了如此多的快乐和爱。 写作模板 The Perfect Pet 写作实战 　　假如你是李华,请给你的美国笔友Andy写一封信,介绍一下你认为的完美宠物。 内容包括:1.What is the perfect pet? 2.Why is it the perfect pet? 要求:1.词数70以上,开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【同步100分背默】Unit8 Pets and us 知识清单 一．词句背默 重点 单词 1.attack /əˈtæk/ v. 袭击；攻击 2.*faithful /ˈfeɪθfl/ adj. 忠诚的；忠实的 3.hold /həʊld/ v. 抱着；拿着 4.responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/ adj. 可信任的；可信赖的 5.awake /əˈweɪk/ adj. 醒着 6.flat /flæt/ n. 公寓 7.choice /tʃɔɪs/ n. 选择 8.advise /ədˈvaɪz/ v. 劝告；建议 9.cause /kɔːz/ v. 引起；造成；导致 10.*complain /kəmˈpleɪn/ v. 抱怨；投诉 11.litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ n. 垃圾箱 12.unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/ adj. 不太可能发生的 13.relieve /rɪˈliːv/ v. 方便；解手 14.indoors /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/ adv. 在室内 15.magical /ˈmædʒɪkl/ adj. 有魔力的 16.wealth /welθ/ n. 钱财；财富 17.queen /kwiːn/ n. 女王；王后 18.servant /ˈsɜːvənt/ n. 仆人；佣人 19.pride /praɪd/ n. 自豪；骄傲 20.among /əˈmʌŋ/ prep. 在……中 21.relationship /rɪˈleɪʃnʃɪp/ n. 关系 词汇 拓展 1.faith n. 信任；忠诚→ faithful adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 2.hold v. 使保持（在某位置）→ held （hold的过去式）→ held （hold的过去分词） 3.responsible adj. 负责任的→ responsibility n. 责任；负责→ irresponsible adj. 不负责任的→ irresponsibility n. 无责任，无责任感 4.wake v. 醒来→ woke （wake的过去式）→ woken （wake的过去分词）→ awake adj. 醒着的 5.choose v. 选择 → choice n. 选择；选择权 → chose （choose的过去式）→ chosen （choose的过去分词） 6.advice n. 忠告；建议→ advise v. 劝告；建议 7.complain v. 发牢骚；投诉 → complaint n. 投诉；抱怨 8.likely adj. 可能发生的→ unlikely adj. 不大可能发生的 9.magic n. 魔术；魔法→ magical adj. 魔法的，魔术的→ magically adv. 用魔法地；如魔法般地→ magician n. 魔术师，变戏法的人 10.relieve v. 缓解；减轻→ relief n. 宽慰，轻松 11.wealth n. 财富；富裕→ wealthy adj. 富有的 12.serve v. 服务；招待→ service n. 服务→ servant n. 仆人，佣人 13.pride n. 自豪；骄傲→ proud adj. 自豪的，得意的 14.grow v. 成长；长大→ growth n. 成长→ grew（grow的过去式）→ grown （grow的过去分词） 15.care v. 关心；照顾 → careful adj. 仔细的，小心的 → carefully adv. 小心谨慎地→ careless adj. 粗心的；大意的 16.short adj. 短的；不足的 → shorten v. 缩短；变短→ shortage n. 短缺；不足→ shortly adv. 不久，很快，立刻 17.run v. 跑步→ ran （run的过去式）→ run （run的过去分词） 18.free adj. 自由的；免费的 → freedom n. 自由 19.lie v. 撒谎→ lied （lie的过去式）→ lied （lie的过去分词）→ lying （lie的现在分词） 20.lie v. 平躺；位于；坐落于→ lay （lie的过去式）→ lain （lie的过去分词）→ lying （lie的现在分词） 21.lay v. 下蛋；放置→ laid （lay的过去式）→ laid （lay的过去分词）→ laying （lay的现在分词） 22.addition n. 增加；加法→ additional adj. 附加的，额外的 23.catch v. 抓住；赶上 → caught （catch的过去式）→ caught （catch的过去分词） 重点 短语 1.grow up长大；成熟 2.care for照顾；照料 3.in short总之；简言之 4.have no choice but to do 别无选择；只能…... 5.run free四处自由走动 6.lie around懒散度日；游手好闲 7.complain about抱怨 8.in addition除……之外(还） 9.catch the eye of sb. 引起某人的注意 重点 句子 1. 忠实的狗总是会照顾它的主人。 A faithful dog will always care for its owner. 2. 他们别无选择，只能在家照顾生病的宠物。 They have no choice but to care for their sick pet at home. 3. 宠物能缓解压力，总之，它们是人类的好朋友。 Pets can relieve stress; in short, they are good friends of humans. 4. 不要抱怨宠物带来的麻烦，毕竟照顾它们是你的责任。 Don't complain about the trouble pets bring. After all, it's your duty to care for them. 5. 那只可爱的小猫四处自由走动，很快引起了女王的注意。 That lovely kitten ran free and soon caught the eye of the queen. 二．课文背默 Reading HEAD TO HEAD Is it a good idea to keep dogs as pets? Li Li and Wang Meng give their o 1 on this matter. “Keeping pet dogs is a good idea,” says Li Li. “Having pets is a good idea. There are lots of r 2 for this. First, dogs are really cute and make great playmates. It’s nice to hold them in our arms and play games with them. It’s also wonderful to see them g 3 up. Second, we can learn r 4 from keeping dogs. We have to feed them, train them and play with them. According to my mum, this helps us become more responsible people. It can also teach other young people how to care for others. Finally, a dog will love you faithfully and is always p 5 to see you. These characteristics mean that owning a dog can bring you lots of happiness. In short, I think it’s a good idea to have a dog.” “Keeping pet dogs is not a good idea,” says Wang Meng. “It’s not a good idea to have a dog. Pet dogs leave their hair on the floor, on beds and on sofas, and they need to be washed often. Dogs are noisy. Nearly all dogs bark at strangers. Some dogs bark more loudly than others. A few dogs bark all night. This can keep neighbours a 6 at night. Not all dogs are friendly. A small number of pet dogs even a 7 people. What’s more, they have no c 8 but to live in flats. It’s common for people to keep their dogs inside most of the time. H 9 , this is not good for dogs since they need fresh air and large open spaces where they can run free. Finally, owning a dog can be expensive. An owner needs to buy food and toys for his or her dog, and if the dog gets ill, it needs to be taken to the vet . B 10 of all these reasons, I would advise you not to get a dog as a pet.” 1.opinions 2.reasons 3.grow 4.responsibility 5.pleased 6.awake 7.attack 8.choice 9.However 10.Because 观点交锋 养犬当宠物是个好主意吗？李丽和王萌就此问题发表了各自的观点。 李丽认为 “养宠物犬是个好主意” “养宠物是个不错的想法，理由有很多。 首先，狗狗真的很可爱，是很棒的玩伴。把它们抱在怀里一起做游戏很美好，看着它们长大也很奇妙。 其次，养犬能让我们学会责任感。我们得给它们喂食、训练它们，还得陪它们玩耍。我妈妈说，这有助于我们成为更有责任感的人，也能教会其他年轻人如何关心他人。 最后，狗狗会忠诚地爱你，每次见到你都很开心。这些特点意味着养犬能给你带来很多快乐。 总之，我觉得养条狗是个好主意。” 王萌认为 “养宠物犬不是个好主意” “养狗不是个好选择。宠物犬会把毛留在地板、床铺和沙发上，还得经常给它们洗澡。 狗狗很吵。几乎所有狗都会对着陌生人叫，有些狗叫得特别大声，还有少数狗会整夜吠叫，这会让邻居夜不能寐。而且不是所有狗都友好，有一小部分宠物犬甚至会攻击人。 此外，它们只能住在公寓里。人们通常大部分时间都把狗养在室内，但这对狗不好，因为它们需要新鲜空气和宽敞的开放空间来自由奔跑。 最后，养狗开销不小。主人得给狗狗买食物和玩具，要是狗狗生病了，还得带它去看兽医。 基于这些原因，我建议大家不要养狗当宠物。” 三．知识背默 1. faithful /ˈfeɪθfl/adj. 忠实的；忠诚的 （1）A dog is usually faithful to its owner.狗通常对主人忠诚。 （2）I have been a faithful reader of your newspaper for many years.我是贵报多年来的忠实读者。 用法解析 巧妙记忆：faith (n. 信任)+ful (形容词后缀，表示充满…… 的) 固定搭配：be faithful to 对…… 忠实 / 忠诚 2. hold /həʊld/v. 抱着；拿着 （1）He held the important document tightly, fearing to lose them.他紧紧拿着重要文件，生怕弄丢。 （2）We hold a party every year to celebrate the school anniversary.我们每年举办派对庆祝校庆。 用法解析 过去式 / 过去分词：held 其他词义：抓住；举办 3. responsible /rɪˈspɒnsəbl/adj. 可信任的；可信赖的 （1）You can rely on him. He is a responsible person and will never let you down.你可以依靠他。他是个可信任的人，绝不会让你失望。 （2）Parents are responsible for their children’s growth.父母对孩子的成长负责。 用法解析 其他词义：有责任心的 派生词：responsibility n. 责任；职责 固定搭配：be responsible for 对…… 负责 4. choice /tʃɔɪs/n. 选择 （1）You need to make a choice between two jobs.你得在两份工作间做选择。 （2）She had no choice but to accept the invitation.她别无选择，只能接受邀请。 用法解析 派生词：choose v. 选择 固定搭配：make a choice 做选择；have no choice but to do sth. 别无选择，只能做某事 5. advise /ədˈvaɪz/v. 劝告；建议 （1）The doctor advised him to exercise more.医生建议他多锻炼。 （2）Teachers advise reading more books to improve writing skills.老师建议多读书来提高写作技巧。 用法解析 派生词：advice n. 建议 同义词：suggest 固定搭配：advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事；advise doing sth. 建议做某事 6. cause /kɔːz/v. 引起；造成；导致 用法解析 其他词性 & 词义：n. 原因 （1）Pollution can cause serious health problems.污染会引起严重的健康问题。 （2）The poor harvest caused prices to rise sharply.收成不好导致物价急剧上涨。 （3）The cause of the fire is still unknown.火灾的原因仍未知。 7. complain /kəmˈpleɪn/v. 抱怨；投诉 （1）Customers often complain about bad service in the restaurant.顾客常抱怨这家餐厅服务差。 （2）She always complains about her job being boring.她总抱怨自己的工作无聊。 用法解析 派生词：complaint n. 抱怨；投诉 固定搭配：complain about 抱怨…… 8. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/n. 垃圾 （1）Throwing litter on the street is not allowed.不许在街上扔垃圾。 （2）Don’t litter in the park.不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 用法解析 其他词性 & 词义：v. 乱扔垃圾 同义词：rubbish；trash 固定搭配：throw litter 扔垃圾 9. unlikely /ʌnˈlaɪkli/adj. 不大可能发生的 （1）It’s unlikely to snow in this season.这个季节不大可能下雪。 （2）He’s unlikely to finish the project in one day.他不太可能在一天内完成这个项目。 用法解析 巧妙记忆：un (否定前缀，不)+likely (可能的) 固定搭配：be unlikely to do sth. 不大可能做某事 10. relieve /rɪˈliːv/v. 方便；解手 （1）I had to relieve myself behind a bush.我不得不在灌木丛后面方便。 （2）Listening to music can relieve stress after a busy day.忙碌一天后，听音乐能缓解压力。 用法解析 其他词义：缓解；减轻 派生词：relief n. 缓解；轻松 固定搭配：relieve oneself 解手 11. indoors /ˌɪnˈdɔːz/adv. 在室内 （1）It’s raining heavily, so we have to stay indoors.雨下得很大，所以我们不得不待在室内。 （2）Indoors activities like reading and painting are popular on rainy days.在雨天，阅读和绘画等室内活动很受欢迎。 用法解析 巧妙记忆：in (在…… 内)+doors (门，复数) 反义词：outdoors (adv. 在户外) 固定搭配：stay indoors 待在室内 12. wealth /welθ/n. 钱财；财富 用法解析 派生词：wealthy adj. 富有的 （1）The business plan aims to create wealth for the company.这份商业计划旨在为公司创造财富。 （2）Health is more important than wealth in life.生活中，健康比财富更重要。 13. pride /praɪd/n. 自豪；骄傲 （1）Parents take pride in their children’s progress.父母为孩子的进步感到自豪。 （2）They were proud of their children’s achievements.他们为孩子们的成就感到骄傲。 用法解析 派生词：proud adj. 自豪的 固定搭配：take pride in (= be proud of) 为…… 感到自豪 / 骄傲 14. among /əˈmʌŋ/prep. 在…… 中 用法解析 辨析：between（两者之间）；among（三者及以上之间） （1）She is popular among her classmates because of her kindness.由于她的善良，她在同学中很受欢迎。 （2）I sat down between Jo and Diana.我在乔和黛安娜中间坐下。 15. It can also teach young students how to care for others.它还能教会年轻学生如何关爱他人。 【知识点 1】 （1）My mother teaches me how to wash clothes.妈妈教我如何洗衣服。 （2）The teacher will teach students what to prepare for the exam.老师会教学生为考试准备什么。 （2）Could you teach me where to find the library?你能教我在哪里找到图书馆吗？ 用法解析 teach sb. + 疑问词 + 不定式（to do） ① 谓语动词：teach（教；教会） ② 间接宾语：sb.（通常是人称代词宾格或名词） ③ 疑问词：how/what/ where/when/ why/which 等（用于限定动作的方式、内容、地点等） ④ 不定式：to do（动词原形，与疑问词共同构成 “疑问词 + 不定式” 结构，作直接宾语） 【知识点 2】 （1）Volunteers often care for the homeless people in winter.志愿者们在冬天经常照料无家可归的人。 （2）I don’t care for coffee; I prefer tea.我不喜欢咖啡，我更喜欢茶。 （3）Would you care for some tea?你想喝点茶吗？ （4）Take care when you walk on the icy road.你在结冰的路上走时要小心。 （5）My sister will take care of our pet dog when I’m on holiday.我度假时，我妹妹会照顾我们的宠物狗。 （6）It’s important to care about the environment and protect it.关心并保护环境很重要。 （7）Please handle these fragile glasses with care.请小心地拿这些易碎的玻璃杯。 用法解析 care for 照顾；照料 ① 表示 “关心；关爱；照顾”（侧重情感关怀或具体照料）。 ② 表示 “喜欢；愿意”（多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句）。 ③ 拓展： take care（小心；注意）；take care of（照顾；照料）； care about（在乎；关心）with care（小心地；仔细地） 16. If the dog gets ill, it needs to be taken to the hospital.如果狗生病了，就需要把它带去医院。 【知识点 1】 （1）The old bridge needs to be repaired.这座旧桥需要被修复。 （2）The meeting notes needed to be organized after the discussion.讨论结束后，会议记录需要被整理。 （3）The new building will need to be painted next year.这座新建筑明年需要被粉刷。 （4）The car needs to be cleaned. = The car needs cleaning.这辆车需要清洗。 用法解析 need to be done 某事需要被完成 ① need：实义动词，意为 “需要”，有各种时态变化。 一般现在时：sth. needs to be done 一般过去时：sth. needed to be done 一般将来时：sth. will need to be done ② 在多数情况下，“need to be done” 可以与 “need doing” 互换，且 “need doing” 虽然是主动形式，但表达被动含义（即 “需要被……”）。 17. Because of all these reasons, I would advise him not to get a cat as a pet.由于所有这些原因，我建议他不要养一只猫当宠物。 【知识点 1】 （1）Because of his carelessness, he made a big mistake.因为他的粗心，他犯了大错。 （2）Because of missing the bus, he was late for work.因为没赶上公交，他上班迟到了。 用法解析 Because of 因为；由于 ① 表明确的因果关系。 ② because of + 名词 / 代词 / 名词短语 / 动名词。 【知识点 2】 （1）I advise you not to travel alone.→ I suggest (that) you (should) not travel alone.我建议你不要独自出行。 （2）The doctor advises patients not to smoke.→ The doctor suggests that patients (should) not smoke.医生建议患者不要吸烟。 用法解析 advise sb. not to do sth. 建议某人不要做某事 ① advise 是及物动词，后必须接宾语（sb.）。 ② 可替换为 suggest (that) sb. (should) not do sth. ③ advise 与 suggest：advise 后接不定式（to do/not to do）；suggest 后接动名词 / 从句（不可接不定式）。 18. Pet dogs were often a symbol of wealth and power in the middle ages.中世纪时期，宠物犬往往是财富与权力的象征。 【知识点1】 （1）The dove is a symbol of peace.鸽子是和平的象征。 （2）The dragon is a symbol of power in Chinese culture.龙在中国文化中是力量的象征。 用法解析 a symbol of …… 的象征 ① 表示某事物是另一事物的象征或代表。 ② symbol：名词，意为 “象征，标志”。 19. Across the world, pets are currently treated like family members.如今，在世界各地，宠物都被视作家人们一样对待 【知识点 1】 （1）People across the world are concerned about climate change.世界各地的人们都关注气候变化。 （2）Her books have been read across the world.她的书在世界各地被阅读。 用法解析 across the world 在世界各地；全球范围内 ① 描述范围的广泛性，可位于句首、句中或句尾。 ② 同义短语：all over the world、globally。 【知识点 2】 （1）The old man was treated like family by his neighbors.这位老人被邻居当作家人对待。 （2）My mom treats our pet dog like a baby.我妈妈把我们的宠物狗当作婴儿对待。 用法解析 sb./sth. be treated like... 某人 / 物被当作…… 对待 ① treated：treat 的过去分词，意为 “对待”。 ② like：介词，意为 “像…… 一样”。 ③ 主动语态：treat sb./sth. like...。 20. The dog went on to star in nearly 30 films.这只狗后来继续主演了近 30 部电影 【知识点 1】 （1）He retired from acting and went on to direct three films.他结束了演艺生涯，随后又执导了三部电影。 （2）Despite the noise, he went on reading his book.尽管周围很吵闹，他还是继续读他的书。 用法解析 go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事；继续去做某事 ① go on to do sth. 强调前后所做的事情是不同的。 ② go on doing sth.：描述 “持续进行同一动作，无中断”，强调连贯性。 【知识点 2】 （1）A famous actress will star in a historical blockbuster next year.一位知名女演员明年将主演一部历史大片。 （2）The young actor dreams to star in a hit crime series one day.这位年轻演员梦想有一天能主演热门犯罪剧集。 用法解析 star in 在…… 中担任主角 / 领衔主演 ① star：动词，意为 “主演；担任主角”。 ② 结构：主语 + star in + 作品名称（电影 / 剧集 / 话剧等）. ③ 常见搭配：star in a blockbuster（主演大片） star in a hit series（主演热门剧集） 21. Parrots have the ability to mimic human speech.鹦鹉有模仿人类语言的能力。 【知识点 1】 （1）Birds have the ability to fly high.鸟有能力高飞。 （2）Despite the injury, he was able to finish the marathon.尽管受伤，他仍完成了马拉松。 （3）This AI is capable of learning from mistakes and adapting its strategy.该 AI 能从错误中学习并调整策略。 用法解析 have the ability to do sth. 有能力做某事 ① ability：名词，意为 “能力”。 ② to do sth.：不定式短语作后置定语，修饰 ability。 ③ 拓展： have the ability to   客观能力（先天 / 习得） be able to           实际能够做到（结果） be capable of       综合潜力（含抗压性） 22. If the bird looks very tired, leave it alone.如果这只鸟看起来非常疲惫，就别打扰它。 【知识点 1】 （1）The baby is sleeping. Please leave her alone.婴儿在睡觉，请勿打扰她。 （2）He needs space. Just leave him alone until he cools down.他需要空间。让他独处，等冷静下来。 用法解析 leave … alone 不打扰、不干预、让…… 独自待着 ① leave：此处意为 “听任；不干涉”（而非 “离开”）。 ② alone：副词，意为 “独自地；不被打扰地”。 四．语法背默 一．副词的功能和位置 修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子，用来说明事情发生的时间、地点、原因、方式等含义的词叫做副词。如：Unluckily he hurt his leg. // He runs too fast. // They often laugh loudly. 1. 副词的功能 （1）副词作状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词和整个句子。 My father works very hard. Tom speak Chinese really well. Luckily, it was not so hot. （2）副词作表语：主要限于少数地点或方位副词、时间副词以及其他副词 Food here is hard to get. I’m very sorry he isn’t in at the moment. Let’s be out. （3）副词作定语：时间副词(如now、then)以及许多地点副词都可以作名词的定语，放在名词的后面。 People now often have their festival dinners at restaurants. Water here is prepared for you. （4）副词作宾语补足语：地点副词一般可以作宾语补足语。 Put your dirty socks away, Jim! They are giving out bad smell! I saw him there. Father kept him in and doing his lessons. Peter found his father in when he got home last night. 2. 副词在句中的位置： （1）多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。 Mr. Smith works very hard. She speaks English well. （2）频度副词often, always, never, seldom等作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和be动词之后。 He usually gets up early. I’ve never heard him singing. She is seldom ill. （3）程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但enough作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。 It is a rather difficult job. He runs very fast. He didn’t work hard enough. （4）副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。 On my way home, I met my uncle. The students there have a lot of time to do their own research work. （5）地点副词和表示具体时间的副词一般放在句末。如果这两个副词同时出现在一个句子中，则地点副词在前，时间副词在后。 Li Lei went there last night. Tom had a birthday party in a restaurant last Sunday. 二．副词的构成和分类 1. 副词的构成： 多数副词是由形容词加后缀构成的。其变化有以下几种形式。 （1）一般由形容词词尾加-ly变成副词。如：quick→quickly, sudden→suddenly, real→really, slow→slowly等。 （2）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的要变y为i再加-ly。如：lucky→luckily, happy→happily, angry→angrily等。 （3）以元音字母加辅音字母+e结尾的重读开音节，直接加-ly。如：safe→safely, wide→widely, polite→politely等。 （4）以元音字母加+e结尾，去e再加-ly。如：true→truly等。 （5）以辅音字母加-le结尾，去e再加-y。如：possible→possibly, terrible→terribly等。 （6）形容词与副词同形。如：fast, high, hard, early等。 （7）形容词与副词异形。如：good→well等。 【注意】hard作形容词时意思是“困难的，硬的，生硬的”等；作副词时意思是“努力地”。hardly是否定副词，意思是“几乎不”。 We should study hard at school. I can hardly see anything in the dark room. The question is very hard for me to answer. 2. 副词的分类： （1）时间副词：通常用来表示动作的时间。时间副词，尤其是表示具体时间的副词，一般放在句首或句尾。常见的时间副词有：today, early, soon, now, then, recently, still等。 He will be back tomorrow. 他明天将回来。 Yesterday we all went to the park. 昨天我们都去公园了。 （2）地点副词：通常用来表示动作发生的地点。地点副词常置于句尾，有时可置于句首，一般不置于句中。几个地点状语连用时，大地方放在最后。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等。 The children are playing downstairs. Here people are practicing speaking English. Please go straight down the street. （3）方式副词：一般都是回答“怎样地？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly构成的，有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly，它们与形容词同形。常放在宾语之后或不及物动词之后。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide等。 The birds are flying high. He runs very fast. The old man walked home slowly. Please listen to the teacher carefully. （4）程度副词：多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。程度副词常放在被修饰的动词、形容词或其他副词前面，但当very修饰动词时，常与 much连用并置于句末。常见的程度副词有：much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly, partly等。 Her pronunciation is very good. I can hardly agree with you. Tom is old enough to go to school. （5）疑问副词：是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。主要用来引导特殊疑问句，放在句首。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why等。 How are you getting along with your studies? Where were you yesterday? Why did you do that? （6）频度副词：是用来表示动作频率。常放在动词之前，或系动词、助动词、情态动词之后。其中sometimes也常置于句首。常见的频度副词有：always, often, never, usually, hardly, seldom（很少）等。 I often go out for a walk after supper. She is seldom out on Sundays. (7)连接副词：用来引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，在从句中作状语，通常放在句子或从句前面。常见的连接副词有：so, yet, then, how, when, where, why, whether, however, otherwise, meanwhile等。 How I am going to kill the cat is still a question. That is why everyone is afraid of the tiger. He wondered how he could do it the next day. 他不知道第二天怎样做那事。 (8)关系副词：用来引导定语从句，在从句中作状语，放在从句的前面。常见的关系副词有：when, where, why, how等。 This is the place where Mr Zhang once lived. Please tell me the way how you have learned English so well. 三．副词的比较级和最高级构成规律 （一）规则变化 1. 一般在词尾直接加er或est。如：tall-taller-tallest; long-longer-longest; soon-sooner-soonest; hard-harder-hardest等。 2. 以不发音的字母e结尾的单词在词尾直接加r或st。如：nice-nicer-nicest, late-later-latest等。 3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的词，把y变为i，再加er或est。如：heavy-heavier-heaviest; early-earlier-earliest等。 4. 重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母，双写这个辅音字母，再加er或est。如：big-bigger-biggest等。 【注意】大，红，湿，热，悲，瘦，胖；双写末辅再变级。（big/red/wet/hot/sad/thin/fat） 5. 部分双音节词和多音节词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： often-more often-most often; beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful等。 【注意】表示否定意义的比较级和最高级可以在其前加less /least。如：important-less important-least important等。 English is more interesting than Chinese =Chinese is less interesting than English. 6. 由“形容词+ly”构成的副词，分别是在原级前加more构成比较级和在原级前加most构成最高级。如： slowly-more slowly-most slowly；quickly-more quickly- most quickly等。但early(形容词)-earlier-earliest例外。 （二）不规则变化（好坏多少老远） 原 级 比较级 最高级 good好的 better更好的 best最好的 well好；(身体)好的 bad,badly糟糕的，糟糕地 worse更糟糕的，更糟糕地；(身体)更不舒服的 worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；(身体)最不舒服的 ill(身体)不舒服的 many许多的(可数) more更多的；更 most最多的；最 much许多的(不可数)；非常 little少的 less更少的 least最少的 old旧的，老的，年长的 older较旧的，较老的 oldest最旧的，最老的 elder较年长的 eldest最年长的 far远的；远地 farther(指距离)更远的；更远地 farthest(指距离)最远的/地 further(指程度)进一步的/地 furthest(指程度)最深刻的/地 下列单、双音节词只能加more和most。如：like, real, right, glad, tired, pleased, often, exact等。 【注意】有些形容词如：dead, empty, sure, round, woolen等无比较级和最高级。 四．形容词副词比较等级的用法 （一）原级的用法 ⒈ 讲述某人/物自身的情况时，用原级。只能修饰原级的词有：very, quite, so, too, rather。基本句型为： “主语(sb./sth)+谓语动词+(very/too/so/quite/rather…)+形容词/副词原级 +其它.” They ran quite fast. ⒉ 原级常用的句型结构 ⑴ 表示两者之间没有差别时，即A= B，使用句型：“A +谓语动词+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.” Lily rode her bike as slowly as an old lady. ⑵ 表示A比不上B时，即A＜B，使用句型：“A+谓语动词(否定式)+as/so+形容词/副词原级+as+B+其它.”（so只能用于否定句中，as既可以用于肯定句也可以用于否定句中） He doesn’t walk as slowly as you. 【注意】在as ... as结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。as…as结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite等表示程度的词修饰。 She is as good a teacher as your father. 她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。 “as (so)+名词+as+名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as。not so much…as (或not…so much as)的意思是“不如……那样多”或“与其说是……不如说是……”。 Henry is not so much a writer as a reporter. 与其说亨利是一个作家不如说是一个记者。 They weren’t so much islands as sandbars. 与其说那是些岛屿，还不如说都是些沙洲。 （二）比较级的用法 1. 比较级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示两者比较，A超过B时，用比较级。基本句型为：“A+谓语动词(系动词)+形容词/副词比较级+than+B+ 其它”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、-ing结构和-ed结构，有时也可省去than。 He works harder than I. This book didn’t cost me more than that one. ⑵ 表示两者比较，A不及B时，用比较级。句型是：“A+谓语动词+less+(多音节形/副)比较级+than+B+其它”。 I think English is less difficult than maths. Do you think it less important to learn a foreign language? ⑶ “the+比较级+of the two”表示“两者中较……的一个”。 Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys. Look at the two boys. My brother is the taller of the two. ⑷ “比较级+ and+比较级”表示“越来越……”，注意多音节形容词或副词用“more and more+多音节形容词或副词原级”。 The weather is getting warmer and warmer. The days are getting longer and longer. He becomes fatter and fatter. English is becoming more and more important. ⑸ “The + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”表示“越……越……”、“越……就越……” The more trees we plant, the better it will be. The harder you try, the greater your progress is. ⑹ “特殊疑问词+be+形容词/副词的比较级+甲or乙？”用于两者之间的比较。 Which do you like better, the blue coat or the white coat? 2. 需注意的比较级的用法： ⑴ 比较级前还可以用a little, much, far, a lot, still, even等来修饰。以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。 Tom looks even younger than before. Lesson One is much easier than Lesson Two. ⑵ than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。 My pencil is longer than yours (your pencil). ⑶ 用比较级表示最高级含义的常用句型有： 1 比较级+than+any other+单数名词。 Xiaoming is taller than any other boy in his class.=Xiaoming is taller than(any of)the other boys in his class.=Xiaoming is the tallest boy in his class. 2 比较级+than+the other+复数名词。 Tom is taller than the other boys in our class. 3 比较级+than+anyone else。 Tom is taller than anyone else in our class. 4 比较级+than+all other+复数名词。 This building is higher than all other buildings in Beijing. 5 Nobody else+比较级+than …。 Nobody else is taller than Tom in our class. ⑥ 有关的否定词+比较级。如： No other books has had a greater influence on my work and study. I never read a more interesting book. （三）最高级的用法 1. 最高级常用句型结构： ⑴ 表示三者或三者以上进行比较用最高级。基本句型为：主语+谓语动+形容词/副词最高级+in/of/among+表示比较范围的名词、短语或从句。（of/among+人或物的复数形式，表示“在……之中的；在……中”；“in+地点、范围”表示“在……之中”。 He runs fastest in our class. This is the biggest apple I have ever met. He is the best among the students. ⑵“one of +the +形容词最高级+复数名词”表示“最……之一”。 He is one of the cleverest students in our class. Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world. ⑶“特殊疑问词+be+the+最高级+甲，乙，or丙？”用于三者以上的比较。 Which season do you like (the) best, spring, summer or autumn? 2. 需注意的最高级的用法： ⑴ 副词的最高级前the 可省掉。如：Of all the boys he came (the) earliest. ⑵ 形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词the，但如果形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加the。 ⑶ most 同形容词连用而不用 the，表示“极，很，非常，十分”。 ⑷ 最高级可被序数词及much, by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not quite, not really, nothing like等词语所修饰。 He is our best friend. Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class. It’s most dangerous to be here. I cannot do it, it’s most difficult. It’s today’s most important news. This hat is by far/much/nearly/almost/not nearly/by no means/not quite/nothing like the biggest. How much did the second most expensive hat coat? The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 随堂训练 形容词和副词填空 1.　　　　　　(lucky), she was a quick learner.  答案　Luckily　本空位于句首,修饰整个句子,应用副词形式,故填Luckily。 2. “But you know it's a great life and we're learning so much on our journey,” says William 　　　　　　(proud).   答案　proudly　设空处修饰says,因此应该用副词形式。故填proudly。 3.Carmen loves the 　　　　　　(Australia)singer very much.  答案　Australian　设空处修饰singer,应用形容词形式,因此答案是Australian。 4.It's one of southern Africa's 　　　(hot) places, and there is often no water.  答案　hottest　本题考查形容词最高级。one of+形容词最高级+名词复数,注意双写t。 5.After that,Orion wanted to make an even 　　　　　(big)influence.  答案　bigger　本题考查形容词比较级。even修饰形容词比较级,故用bigger,注意双写g。 6.If someone is treated 　　　　　　(kind), it can make their day brighter and encourage that person to be kind to somebody else.  答案　kindly　本题考查副词。此空修饰前面的动词,故用副词形式。If someone is treated kindly如果某人被善意地对待。 7.My parents and I had a 　　　　　　(wonder) journey to Hainan.   答案　wonderful　设空处后面是名词 journey,应该用形容词修饰,wonder的形容词形式为wonderful,故答案为wonderful。 8.The little boy was 　　　　　　(interest) in all of these subjects, especially in math.  答案　interested　be interested in意为“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。 9.For him, the quiet night was a 　　　　　　(value) time to focus on translation.  答案　valuable　本题考查形容词。空后为名词time,需要用形容词来修饰,value的形容词形式为valuable,意为“宝贵的”,故填valuable。 10.I thought about his words very 　　　　　　(careful)and then understood everything.  答案　carefully　句意:我非常认真地考虑了他的话,然后明白了一切。考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词thought about,因此使用副词形式。 11.But there need to be 　　　　　　(strict)health rules than ever. Most programs will not be allowed to have more than 30 kids.  答案　stricter　考查形容词比较级形式。此处表示“比以前更加严格的健康规定”。关键词than提示了设空处应使用比较级形式。 12.Of all the musical instruments, the drums were 　　　　　　(interesting)to Beth.  答案　the most interesting　考查形容词的最高级形式。关键词Of all提示了设空处用最高级形式。 13.His smile was even 　　　　　　(bright)than the sun.  答案　brighter　句意:他的笑容甚至比阳光还要灿烂。考查形容词比较级形式。关键词even、than提示了设空处应使用比较级形式。 14.But then she stopped and looked at Mr Happy 　　　　　　(angry).  答案　angrily　考查副词。设空处修饰谓语动词looked at,因此使用副词形式。 15.I got a cheap and simple room, much 　　　　　　(small) than my own room back home.  答案　smaller　句意:我住进了一间便宜又简陋的房间,比我自己的在家的房间小很多。本题考查形容词的比较级。设空处后出现关键词than,因此使用small的比较级形式。 16.Thanks to others' help, we live much　　　　　　(happily) than before.  答案　more happily　多亏了他人的帮助,我们生活得比以前更快乐了。本题考查副词的比较级。设空处后出现关键词than,因此使用happily的比较级形式。happily的比较级是more happily。 17.“Could you please bring it over here?”asked one boy 　　　　　　(polite).  答案　 politely　句意:“你能把它拿到这边来吗?”一个男孩有礼貌地问。本题考查副词。设空处修饰谓语asked,因此使用副词形式。 语法选择 What are some of 　1　 scientific discoveries (发现) in the history of mankind? How have they changed our lives? Read the following story and you are 　2　 to find your answers.  There was once a(n) 　3　 scientist who made several important discoveries. Once he was asked how he was able to be so 　4　. He replied that it all came from an experience he had with his mother when he was 2 years old. He was trying to take a bottle of milk out of the refrigerator. But the bottle was too slippery(滑的) and he dropped it. The kitchen floor was covered with milk.  When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of shouting at him or punishing him, she said, “Robert, 　5　 you have made!I have never seen 　6　 puddle of milk. Would you like to play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?”  So he did. After a few minutes, they cleaned it up together. Then his mother said, “This was a failed experiment in how to carry a 　7　 bottle of milk with two tiny hands. Let's go out in the backyard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can find a way to carry it without dropping it.”  The little boy learned that if he held the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. 　8　 the lesson is!  The scientist then added that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be 　9　 to make mistakes. He learned that mistakes are just opportunities to learn 　10　—which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about. Even if the experiment doesn't “work”, we can still learn something valuable from it.  1.A.big　　　 B.bigger C.biggest　　　 D.the biggest 2.A.sure　　　 B.interesting C.happy　　　 D.easy 3.A.powerful　　 B.important C.famous　　　 D.common 4.A.creative　　　 B.friendly C.popular　　　 D.humorous 5.A.what wonderful mess B.how a wonderful mess C.how wonderful mess D.what a wonderful mess 6.A.so huge　　　 B.so a huge C.such huge　　　 D.such a huge 7.A.big　　　 B.small　　　 C.good　　　 D.full 8.A.How great　 B.How a great C.What great　　 D.What a great 9.A.angry　　　 B.afraid C.sorry　　　 D.careful 10.A.new something　　　 B.something new C.new anything　　　 D.anything new 文章介绍了一位著名而且很有创造力的科学家的故事。 1.D　本题考查形容词的最高级。由本句话中表示范围的in the history of mankind可知,此处应用最高级。 2.A　本题考查形容词短语。be sure to 一定会。 3.C　本题考查形容词词义辨析。powerful有影响力的;important重要的;famous著名的;common普遍的。根据语境可知选C。 4.A　本句考查形容词词义辨析。根据常识,科学家应该是“很有创造力的”。 5.D　根据感叹句的基本结构“What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语!”可知选D。mess表示“脏乱”的时候是可数名词,前面要加不定冠词a。 6.D　本题考查such的用法。根据“such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数”结构可知选D。 7.A　考查形容词词义辨析。由后面的two tiny hands及他失手摔了牛奶瓶可知,牛奶瓶很大。 8.A　根据感叹句的基本结构“How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语!”可知答案为A。 9.B　本题考查形容词短语。be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事。 10.B　本题考查形容词修饰复合不定代词的用法。形容词修饰复合不定代词时要放在复合不定代词的后面,且本句是肯定句,故选B。 五．写作背默 本单元的话题是“完美宠物”,要求学生使用所学的词汇和句式介绍自己认为的完美宠物。考查学生写有关完美宠物的文章的命题方式有多种,如:根据表格信息、电子邮件和思维导图等,写一篇议论文、回一封信、发一封电子邮件等。 写作实例 　　在我们的生活中,宠物常常作为人类亲密的伙伴出现。许多人坚信狗是完美宠物,而有的人认为猫咪是完美宠物。那你呢?请以 “The Perfect Pet” 为题,写一篇英语短文。 要点:1.什么是完美宠物?为什么? 2.词数不少于80。3.语言表达清晰流畅,逻辑合理。 4.文中不得出现真实的人名、地名、校名等信息。 The Perfect Pet 审题指导 1.体裁:议论文    2.时态:以一般现在时为主    3.人称:以第三人称为主 4.必备词句: ①no matter what 不管发生什么事　 ②stay by one’s side 待在某人的身边　 ③cheer sb. up 使某人高兴起来　 ④play with sb. 和某人玩　 ⑤take a walk 散步　 ⑥a great way to do sth. 做某事的好方法　 ⑦amazing tricks 惊人的技巧 ⑧Dogs are often called “man’s best friend”, so I think that dogs are the perfect pet. 狗常被称为“人类最好的朋友”,所以我认为狗是完美的宠物。 ⑨In short, dogs bring so much joy and love into our lives. 简而言之,狗给我们的生活带来了如此多的快乐和爱。 写作模板 优秀范文 The Perfect Pet 　　Dogs are often called “man’s best friend”, so I think that dogs are the perfect pet. 　　First②, dogs are loyal. No matter what, they will always stay by your side. If you are feeling sad, a dog can sense it and come to cheer you up. Second, they are very friendly. Dogs love to play with people. Taking a walk with a dog is a great way to enjoy some fresh air and get some exercise. Moreover, dogs are smart. They can learn many things, like how to sit or fetch things. With patience, you can train them to do amazing tricks. 　　In short, dogs bring so much joy and love into our lives. I believe that a dog is the perfect pet for anyone. 写作实战 　　假如你是李华,请给你的美国笔友Andy写一封信,介绍一下你认为的完美宠物。 内容包括:1.What is the perfect pet? 2.Why is it the perfect pet? 要求:1.词数70以上,开头和结尾已为你写好,不计入总词数; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文流畅。 Dear Andy, 　　Many people believe dogs or cats are the best pets, but I think fish are ideal. 　　Firstly, fish are easy to take care of. You don’t need to walk them like dogs. All you have to do is change the water regularly and feed them a small amount of food every day. Secondly, they are beautiful to watch. Colorful fish swimming around in a tank create a peaceful and relaxing scene. Besides, fish don't make any noise. They won’t disturb your study or sleep. In conclusion, fish are perfect pets. They can bring joy and relaxation to our daily lives. Yours, Li Hua 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $