unit5 First Aid 衡水体书写字帖-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版（2019） 选择性必修第二册

FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.Your skin acts as a barrier against disease,toxins,and the sun's rays.It also helps controt your body temperature,prevents your body from tosing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold,and gives you your sense of touch.As you can imagine,getting burnt can tead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of things:hot liquids,steam,fire,radiation, the sun,electricity,acids,or other chemicals. TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types,depending on the depth of skin damage. First-degree burns These affect onty the top few mitlimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious.Examptes inctude mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. Second-degree burns These go betow the top tayer of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin,and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples inctude burns caused by etectric shocks, burning clothes,or petrol fires.These burns cause very severe internal 2 injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First-degree burns -dry,red,and mildty swolten mildty painfut turn white when pressed Second-degree burns -red and swollen;btisters,watery surface =extremely painfut Third-degree burns =btack and white swollen;the tissue underneath can often be seen 3 little or no pain if nerves are damaged;may be painful around the edges of the burn FIRST-AID TREATMENT 1 Place burns under coot running water,especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swetting. 2 Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary,untess you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin 4 Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.Applying oit to the injured areas is a bad idea,as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause 4 infection. 5 If burns are on the face,make sure the victim can still breathe. 6 lf the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. Chen Wei,a high school student in Beijing,had his dinner interrupted when he heard someone screaming from another tabte:A fetlow diner at the restaurant,Zhang Tao,was choking on some steak.He was now holding his throat with his face turning red,while his desperate friends were slapping him on the back. Chen wasted no time.He got up and ran to Zhang's table at once.With the hetp of Zhang's friends,he was able to help Zhang to his feet.Then, 5 standing behind Zhang,Chen did the Heimtich manoeuvre.The food was instantly forced out,and Zhang began to breathe again.Ten minutes later,an ambulance arrived.The doctors checked Zhang and made sure that he was fine.They suggested he eat more slowly and take smalter bites before they left Choking victims usually have onty about four minutes before they collapse and sometimes die,leaving no time for an ambutance to arrive. To solve this probtem,in 1974,an American doctor,Henry Heimtich, created the Heimtich manoeuvre,saving thousands of lives around the world.Doing the Heimlich manoeuvre is quick,practicat,and easy.It is so easy,in fact,that atmost anyone can tearn how. 6 If you see someone choking,first catt the emergency services.Then,make sure that the victim is realty choking:A choking person cannot speak. Slapping the victim's back will often force out the obstruction.If this does not work,you can perform the Heimtich manoeuvre by standing behind him and wrapping your arms around his waist.Make a fist with one hand and ptace it in the upper part of his stomach.Grabbing your fist with your other hand tightly,push up and into his stomach in one motion. Continue doing this untit the obstruction is forced out. Doing the Heimtich manoeuvre on a smatl child is not recommended,as you may hurt him.Instead,tay the child face down on your lap with the head lower than the rest of his body,and then give firm slaps to his upper back until he can breathe again. With choking victims,every minute counts.You cannot just stand by and do nothing.Luckily,Chen had learnt how to give first aid in school Seeing Zhang choking,he remained calm and reacted immediatety:Chen tater said about the incident,"How could t justify sitting there and doing nothing?We are alt humans and we all have a responsibility to look after one another's welfare. 8