4.6 神奇的小电动机（讲解课件）-【优翼·学练优】2025-2026学年六年级科学上册同步备课（教科版）

该小学科学课件是教科版六年级上册“能量”单元“神奇的小电动机”课时内容，核心围绕小电动机的组成、电磁铁特性及磁力转动原理展开。课堂以“玩具小车能动的原因”设问导入，引导学生拆解观察结构，关联前期电磁铁知识，搭建从具象到原理的学习支架。 其亮点在于以问题驱动探究，通过拆解识别部件、实验检验猜想（大头针吸引、小磁针偏转验证电磁铁）、多步骤对比实验（有无磁铁及磁极变化对转动的影响），结合记录表与实验视频辅助，培养科学思维与探究实践。学生在动手与分析中深化科学观念，教师可借助结构化资源提升教学效率。

第四单元 能量 第6课时 神奇的小电动机 教科版六年级上册（最新） 为什么玩具小车能动起来？它的里面有什么？ 导入 小电动机通电后为什么会转动呢？ 今天我们就一起来研究一下神奇的小电动机。 聚焦 观察小电动机里有什么 拆开小电动机观察，它有几个部分？各部分有什么零件？ 探索 想一想 转子的构造和我们前面所研究的电磁铁很像，它是不是电磁铁呢？怎样验证猜想？ 换向器的作用是什么呢？ 接通电流并转换电流方向。 实验检验方案： 转子转动后靠近大头针，观察大头针能否被吸起。 小磁针靠近通电转子铁芯，观察小磁针是否发生偏转。 探究小电动机转动的原理 实验材料：橡皮筋、杯子、胶带、导线、电池、电池盒、磁铁、铁丝架等。 实验猜想： 小电动机是依靠磁力转动的。 探索 1、安装支架和电路。在倒扣的杯子上套两根橡皮筋。把一个铁丝架插进橡皮筋，安装在杯子上。把两根电线用胶带缠在一起，一端线头分开成“V”字形，另一端插入橡皮筋固定。 实验步骤： 2、把电线与电池、开关连接起来，把转子放在支架上，调节支架位置，使转子能够转动而不会滑下来。 实验步骤： 3、给转子线圈接通电流，观察转子是否能转动起来。 4、把一个磁铁放在转子一侧后，观察转子是否能转动起来。 实验步骤： 5、将两个磁铁的不同磁极相对缓慢地靠近通电的转子，观察转子转动速度有何变化。 6、翻转两个磁铁重复实验步骤5，观察有何变化。 点击观看实验视频 我的记录表 实验步骤 实验现象 我的发现 不用磁铁，直接通电 用一个磁铁靠近通电的转子 将两个磁铁的不同磁极相对缓慢地靠近通电的转子，并且两个磁铁与通电的转子之间的距离相同 翻转两个磁铁的面靠近通电的转子 我的发现： 小电动机是依靠磁力转动的，它的功能是把电变成了动力，即电产生了磁，在利用磁的相互作用推动转子转动，达到提供动力的目的。 你知道哪些地方用到了电动机吗？ 研讨 自制小电动机 拓展 课后作业 完成《新领程》 对应课时练习 本文件著作权为创作公司所有，仅限于教师教学及其他非商业性和非盈利性用途。如发现盗用、转卖、网络传播等侵权行为，本公司将依法追究其相应法律责任。 部分素材选自网络，如有争议，请联系删改。 声 明 Lavf58.29.100 Content Adaptive Encoding 3.0 $Today i'm gona show you how to make a really cool homopolar motor. It's really simple to make. All we need is a battery, some circular magnets like this. I'm some copper . wire to make the motor. We start . by attaching the magnets to the base of the busty. Then we need to cut off the short length of the copper wire folder in half, then follow IT back down on its . south like this. Then we need to measure IT alongside . of the battery . and follow the wire over at the same level as the I then formed a loop, a teach. And so IT looks like this. This loop will hug the magnets at the base of the battery. And I used some floyer to squeak together the arts on the top little to make IT a bit more. Now when we drop IT down over the battery and baLance IT on top of that, goes look at IT spin. We've made our motor pretty cool her, and it's surprising just how quickly as been. You do need the copper to be pretty electrical or at least that needs to be baLanced. And if you need to, you can take IT off to address that. This one is really good, but sometimes IT does fall off the tip, the matter y, but even then, it's still tries to keep on going. I decided to try making one out of this bigger battery, which has actually got a David on the top, which will be perfect for keeping the copper war spinning centrally and keep IT located. So I attached some laundry magnets. I'm started bending a new piece of wire into shape half way through bending its. I decided to see if I would spin like this. So I tried . IT out. I . hand off IT went amazing, huh? I finished shaping IT into a similar style as the last one and slit IT over the battery. Again, it's really . cool and IT really does be quickly. And the simple on the top of the battery keeps the wire well located, unless I purposely stop IT. So how does IT work? The battery produces current in the wire, which interacts with the magnetic field of the, and that's what causes the wire to spin. Next, I decided to try making AA really small one out of one of these button batteries. I have touched the . madness to the base and . bent the wire. You can see how . smaller to hits. IT really is tiny. And IT did take a little bit of trial and era to get this right. But when I put IT on hit, does spin hit very slow and has very little power because the battery is so small. But IT was cool, getting IT to work. It's really fun making these homopolar motors. And you can experiment with different shapes of wire. Just remember, they need to be well baLanced or they are likely to just pull off. He is a really cool spiral one I made. Or check out this sort of round cage. This works really well. Or there's funny looking tanto baLanced shape. I love this one. And this is likely White, a spiral design, too. 小电动机转动是各个部件协同工作的结果。这几个部分是怎样相互作用的？我们用一个实验装置来研究，我们先把转子接通电源观察现象。闭合开关，让转子中有电流通过。我们发现转子不动之前，我们就研究过，转子相当于电磁铁，所以通电后转子有了磁性。既然转子有磁性，那么用一个磁铁来靠近转子，就能使它在磁力的作用下运动起来。如果小电动机没有马上转动，可以用手轻轻的动一动转子能够克服摩擦力之后就可以开始运动了。用两个磁铁靠近转子再来观察现象，我们发现转子的速度明显变快了。现在翻转两块磁铁，我们改变了磁铁的南北极。这回通电流之后，我们改变南北极之后，钻纸的旋转方向翻转了，我们现在保持南北极不改变，改变电池的正负极连接方式。发现改变电池的正负极连接方式后，也可以改变转子转动的方向。通过以上实验现象，我们发现小电动机的转子把电能转化成了雌能与磁体南北极相互作用力产生了磁力，使得转子开始转动，又将磁能转化为了动能。