Unit 6 Caring for your health 复习宾语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语沪教牛津版九年级下册

Unit 6 Caring for your health 核心语法精练（复习宾语从句） 目录 A. 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、形容词+that从句 2 二、复习宾语从句的用法 2 B. 考点夯基·专项突破 5 一、单项选择 5 二、选词填空 11 三、完成句子 13 C. 综合攻坚·能力跃升 15 一、语法选择 15 二、语法填空 19 一、形容词+that从句 二、复习宾语从句的用法 知识回顾 （一）宾语从句的定义 宾语从句（Object clause）是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 （二）宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三种。 （1）连词：that引导陈述句，常可省略；whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether还可以引导选择疑问句或与or not连用。例如： I believe that our team will win the basketball match. 我相信我们队会赢得这场篮球赛。 She asked me if she could borrow my book. 她问我是否可以借一下我的书。 注意①：只用whether，不用if 的情况： ①所引导的从句作介词宾语时∶ 例如∶ I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. ②引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时。例如∶Whether this is true（or not），I can't tell. ③和动词不定式连用时。 例如∶ I don't know whether to accept or refuse. ④直接与or not 连用时。 例如∶Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? 注意②：辨析if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。 辨析 “if”的含义 if从位置 例句 宾语从句 表“是否” 动词后，作动词的宾语 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. 条件状语从句 表“如果” 表条件，单独作状语 If it is sunny tomorrow,we will go on a picnic. （2）代词：who、whom、whose、what和which。例如： The children didn’t know who the stranger was.孩子们不知道那个陌生人是谁。 Do you know which one is the right answer? 你知道哪个是正确答案吗? （3）副词：when、where、how、why、how many、how often 等。例如： He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 他想知道什么时候能完成这项艰难的工作。 The teacher asked us how many students there were in the classroom. 老师问我们教室里面有多少人。 （三）宾语从句的语序 ①宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其他。如： Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露西想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。 ②引导词在从句中作主语时，语序不变，即：引导词(充当主语)+谓语+其他。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。 (who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身已是陈述句语序，不需再变。) ③What’s wrong with…？在宾语从句中语序不变。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么了。 （四）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择相应的任何时态。 例句：He says that he went to Beijing last month. The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 例句：He asked what time it was. My father said the he had already seen the movie. My father said he was watching TV at that time. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. （五）宾语从句的简化和否定前移 1. 宾语从句的简化 ①当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时 ,从句经常简化为“宾语＋宾补”的结构 ,宾补是不带to的不定式或动词ing形式。如 : 　　例句：She found that the bag lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the bag lie/lying on the ground. ②当主句的谓语动词是 hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等 ,并且主句主语与从句主语一 致时 ,从句可 以简化为不定式结构。 例句：She decided that she would play basketball with me. →She decided to play basketball with me. ③在疑问词引导的宾语从句中 , 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时 ,从句可以简化为“疑问词＋不 定式”结构 。 如 : 例句：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 例句：She hasn’t decided when she will visit her parents.→ She hasn’t decided when to visit her parents. 2.宾语从句否定前移 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【特别警示】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 一、单项选择 1. In a questionnaire about smart technology, students are asked ________ it changes their study. A．who B．whose C．what D．how 2．—Excuse me, could you please tell me _______ from here to the airport? —Sure. It’s about 100 km. A．how far it is B．how long it takes C．how far is it D．how long does it take 3. —Mom, could you tell me ________ we used to visit my grandparents every week? —They will be happy to see us. A．what B．why C．where D．how 4. —Could you tell me ________? —Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. A．what are you reading B．why do you like reading C．what you are reading D．why you like reading 5.—Could you please tell me ________? —Certainly, there is a modern library on Binjiang Road. You can find different kinds of books here. A．how far the library is B．what I can learn from books C．if there is a mall near here D．where I can find a quiet place to read 6.—David, what’s the meaning of “A promise is a promise”? —It tells us ________. A．what promise we must keep B．when do we make a promise C．why should we make a promise D．how important keeping a promise is 7.—Helen, your hat is cute. Could you tell me ________? —Thanks. At Huaxing Store. A．where did you buy it B．where you bought it C．when did you buy it D．when you bought it 8．— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A．where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 9. He didn’t know English at all, so he can’t understand ______ the machine. A．what to control B．to control what C．how to control D．to control how 10. One of these small men began talking to me, but I didn’t know __________. A．when to say B．what to say C．how to say D．what to say it 11. —I don’t know if ________ tomorrow. —I will call you if he ________. A．will he come; arrives B．he will come; arrives C．he will come; will arrive D．will he come; will arrive 12. Please tell me ________ yesterday. A．why hasn’t he come B．why he didn’t come C．why didn’t he come D．why he hasn’t come 13. The teacher said that the earth ________ around the sun. A．move B．moves C．moved D．to move 14. The French producer asked Damin ________. A．how often does he go fishing B．how often did he go fishing C．how often he goes fishing D．how often he went fishing 15. He promised he ________ me as soon as he arrived. A．calls B．would call C．will call D．called 16. The teacher asked us ________. A．why we are late for class B．why are we late for class C．why we were late for class D．why were we late for class 17. Goldfish don’t know ________ to them three seconds ago. A．what happens B．what is happening C．what did happened D．what happened 18. —What do you think of the Mid-Autumn Festival? —I love it. I think mooncakes ________ delicious. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 19. —I don’t know if Mrs. Lee ________ us. —I have no idea. But I think she will come if she ________ free time tomorrow. A．will join; will have B．joins; will have C．joins; has D．will join; has 20. Could you tell me ________? A．what is the boy’s name B．what the boy’s name was C．what the boy’s name is D．what was the name of the boy 21. —Would you like to see the new movie 731 tomorrow? —Yes, of course. But I am not sure ________ Tony will go. A．why B．what C．that D．if 22. Do you know ________ in Germany? I’m planning a trip there. A．how’s the weather like B．what the weather is like C．what does the weather like D．how the weather is like 23.—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see the changes? —Well, it depends. Some people take a while, and some others take forever. A．how much will it cost B．how long will it take C．how much it will cost D．how long it will take 24. I don’t think he’s ever been to the Monkey Island, ________? A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he C．has he D．do I 25. I ________ think there ________ more pollution. A．/; won’t be B．don’t; will be C．/; won’t have D．don’t; have 二、选词填空 where，that，if，who，whether，how，when，what，how much，how long 1．The teacher told us the sun rises in the east. 2．I want to know you will come to my birthday party or not. 3．She asked me I liked pop music. I told her that I liked it very much. 4．—Do you know he was born? —Yes, I do. He was born in Hebei Province. 5．I asked him the meeting would start. The secretary told me that it would start at 4:30. 6．I want to know I can keep the book. I want to keep it for two weeks. 7．Lisa asked me I needed to pay for the sweater. 8．They decided to go there by bus. Please tell me you are going there. 9．Lisa wanted to know my English name was. 10．—Do you know is talking with our teacher? —No, I don’t. But I guess it’s Linda’s mother. 三、完成句子 1.他们不知道自己是否能成功，但都尽了最大的努力。 They didn’t know       or not, but they all tried their best. 2. 我的朋友汤姆和我一直在讨论我们在长城上所看到的东西。 My friend Tom and I keep talking about on the Great Wall. 3.我的朋友们也想知道我们为什么对科技节感兴趣。 My friends also wondered in the science festival. 4.研究表明AI能够提高学生的学习效率。 Research shows AI students’ learning efficiency. 5.没有人知道谁把杂志拿走了。 Nobody knows the magazine. 6．Tom捡起了两个塑料袋，问袋子是谁的。 Tom picked up two plastic bags and . 7.罗斯已经回英国了。我想知道我将什么时候收到她的来信，了解她的进步。 Rose has returned to the UK. I wonder I from her about her progress. 8.罗宾不知道在哪里可以买到一双鞋给妈妈。 Robin had no idea          a pair of shoes for his mother. 9．我的朋友想知道他们为什么对科技节这么感兴趣。 My friends wonder in the science festival so much. 10.我想知道你花了多长时间做的这套梳子。 I wonder you to make this set of combs. 11.是谁发现了地球围绕太阳转？ Who discovered the earth the sun? 12. 我认为她明天不会来。 I she tomorrow. 13. 他说班里的每个人都装扮成一个卡通人物。 He said everyone in the class as a cartoon character. 14.他不知道怎样做这件事情。 He doesn’t know do it. 15.我爷爷想知道如何在网上查找关于前总理的信息。 My grandpa wonders the information about the former Premier online. 一、语法选择 Maria Montessori is a famous Italian educationalist, whose method of teaching has influenced people all over the world. Born in Italy in 1870, Maria Montessori became 1 first woman doctor in her country after she graduated from medical school in 1896. Later, working with poor children, she set up a “Children House” in Rome. This was the place where she developed the Montessori Method. Maria thought that children 2 be free to learn without being criticized(批评) or limited. She let the children 3 their own choice of what they wanted to do and work at their own speed, not the rest of the class or the teacher. As a result, children enjoyed learning and this gave them confidence and makes them 4 . The Montessori Method 5 teaches children skills to help them become independent. Very young children learn to dress 6 , to cook and to put their toys and clothes away. Children 7 to repeat activities as often as they wish, and they develop their observation(观察) skills 8 doing different activities. In addition, the Montessori Method thinks 9 a teacher is a guide, not a leader of the classroom, helping open children’s eyes to the wonders around them. A Montessori teacher observes children 10 in order to provide them with individual learning programmes. A typical room in a Montessori school has 11 things which children can use. The furniture is light 12 children can arrange(布置) it as they wish. 13 the environment offers many activities, children like to work together and they develop a social life based on cooperation rather than competition. Maria Montessori travelled around the world 14 teachers to use her method. In 1950, she 15 the World Peace Education Badges. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．could B．might C．must D．would 3．A．make B．made C．to make D．making 4．A．happiness B．happy C．happily D．happier 5．A．too B．either C．neither D．also 6．A．them B．they C．their D．themselves 7．A．encourage B．encouraged C．are encouraged D．were encouraged 8．A．by B．with C．in D．for 9．A．that B．why C．how D．when 10．A．close B．closed C．closely D．closing 11．A．much B．many C．little D．a little 12．A．or B．so C．but D．as 13．A．But B．If C．Unless D．Because 14．A．train B．trained C．to train D．to training 15．A．receive B．received C．has received D．was receiving 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 To manage our time well, we need a goal that truly encourages us. This goal will 1 (help) us beat laziness and make the most of every minute. Once we have a goal, planning becomes super helpful for managing 2 (we) time. When I was applying to (申请) 3 (university) in the US, I had so many exams, competitions and activities to manage. So I started making daily to-do lists, like 4 (finish) a certain number of book exercises every day. Having clear plans is great because it helps our brains understand 5 to do step by step. But the most important thing is actually doing the tasks. Sometimes, when I have a big task, I struggle (斗争) with laziness, I might tell myself I’ll just spend 10 minutes 6 my phone before starting a task, but then 7 hour goes by! This happens because our brains don’t always like challenges. To help 8 this, I follow a 10-minute rule: If a task takes less than 10 minutes, I do it right away, If it takes longer, I promise myself 9 (work) on it for at least 10 minutes. This makes tasks feel easier. By breaking tasks into smaller steps and working on them bit by bit, I can finish them more 10 (easy) and successfully. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 6 Caring for your health 核心语法精练（复习宾语从句） 目录 A. 考点概览·知识回顾 1 一、形容词+that从句 2 二、复习宾语从句的用法 2 B. 考点夯基·专项突破 5 一、单项选择 5 二、选词填空 11 三、完成句子 13 C. 综合攻坚·能力跃升 15 一、语法选择 15 二、语法填空 19 一、形容词+that从句 二、复习宾语从句的用法 知识回顾 （一）宾语从句的定义 宾语从句（Object clause）是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语，位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。 宾语从句分为三类：动词的宾语从句，介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。 （二）宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三种。 （1）连词：that引导陈述句，常可省略；whether/if引导一般疑问句，whether还可以引导选择疑问句或与or not连用。例如： I believe that our team will win the basketball match. 我相信我们队会赢得这场篮球赛。 She asked me if she could borrow my book. 她问我是否可以借一下我的书。 注意①：只用whether，不用if 的情况： ①所引导的从句作介词宾语时∶ 例如∶ I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. ②引导宾语从句，从句置于句首表示强调时。例如∶Whether this is true（or not），I can't tell. ③和动词不定式连用时。 例如∶ I don't know whether to accept or refuse. ④直接与or not 连用时。 例如∶Can you tell me whether or not the train has left? 注意②：辨析if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。 辨析 “if”的含义 if从位置 例句 宾语从句 表“是否” 动词后，作动词的宾语 I don't know if he will come tomorrow. 条件状语从句 表“如果” 表条件，单独作状语 If it is sunny tomorrow,we will go on a picnic. （2）代词：who、whom、whose、what和which。例如： The children didn’t know who the stranger was.孩子们不知道那个陌生人是谁。 Do you know which one is the right answer? 你知道哪个是正确答案吗? （3）副词：when、where、how、why、how many、how often 等。例如： He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 他想知道什么时候能完成这项艰难的工作。 The teacher asked us how many students there were in the classroom. 老师问我们教室里面有多少人。 （三）宾语从句的语序 ①宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即：引导词+主语+谓语+其他。如： Lucy wanted to know if I could make a cake for you.露西想知道我是否会为你做个蛋糕。 ②引导词在从句中作主语时，语序不变，即：引导词(充当主语)+谓语+其他。如： Jack asked me who would give us the lecture this afternoon.杰克问我谁今天下午会给我们做报告。 (who是引导词，在宾语从句中作动词would give的主语，本身已是陈述句语序，不需再变。) ③What’s wrong with…？在宾语从句中语序不变。如： I want to know what’s wrong with you.我想知道你怎么了。 （四）宾语从句的时态 1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，从句可根据需要选择相应的任何时态。 例句：He says that he went to Beijing last month. The headmaster hopes everything goes well. 2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。 例句：He asked what time it was. My father said the he had already seen the movie. My father said he was watching TV at that time. 3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。 例如：Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun. （五）宾语从句的简化和否定前移 1. 宾语从句的简化 ①当主句的谓语动词是find,see,watch,hear等感官动词时 ,从句经常简化为“宾语＋宾补”的结构 ,宾补是不带to的不定式或动词ing形式。如 : 　　例句：She found that the bag lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the bag lie/lying on the ground. ②当主句的谓语动词是 hope,wish,decide,forget,plan,agree等 ,并且主句主语与从句主语一 致时 ,从句可 以简化为不定式结构。 例句：She decided that she would play basketball with me. →She decided to play basketball with me. ③在疑问词引导的宾语从句中 , 当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时 ,从句可以简化为“疑问词＋不 定式”结构 。 如 : 例句：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？ 例句：She hasn’t decided when she will visit her parents.→ She hasn’t decided when to visit her parents. 2.宾语从句否定前移 在think，believe，suppose，expect等动词后的宾语从句，当主句的主语是第一人称时，谓语尽管是否定的意思，却不用否定形式，而将think等动词变为否定形式，英语称这种现象为否定转移。如： ①我认为今晚他不能来。 【误】I think he can’t come this evening. 【正】I don’t think he can come this evening. ②他认为我们现在不在教室里。 【误】He doesn’t think we are in the classroom now. 【正】He thinks we are not in the classroom now. 【特别警示】 含有＂否定转移＂现象的句子，主句的主语必须是第一人称，此时，变成反意疑问句，附加问句要由从句来决定；如果主句的主语是其他人称，附加问句要由主句来决定。如： I don’t think he is right, is he? 我认为他不对，是吗？ He thinks I can come, doesn’t he? 他认为我能来，是不是？ 一、单项选择 1. In a questionnaire about smart technology, students are asked ________ it changes their study. A．who B．whose C．what D．how 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在一份关于智能技术的问卷中，学生被问及它如何改变他们的学习。 考查连词辨析。who谁；whose谁的；what什么；how如何。根据“it changes their study.”可知句子是宾语从句，此处表示“智能技术如何改变他们的学习”，用how引导。故选D。 2．—Excuse me, could you please tell me _______ from here to the airport? —Sure. It’s about 100 km. A．how far it is B．how long it takes C．how far is it D．how long does it take 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我从这里到机场有多远吗？——当然。大约100公里。 考查宾语从句。“how far”用于询问距离“多远”；“how long”用于询问时间“多久”或者物体长度“多长”。根据回答“It’s about 100 km.”可知，问句是在询问距离，所以用“how far”，选项B和选项D不符合语境，可排除；在宾语从句中，从句要用陈述句语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语+其他”的形式，选项C“how far is it”是疑问句语序，排除；选项A“how far it is”是陈述句语序，符合宾语从句的规则。故选A。 3. —Mom, could you tell me ________ we used to visit my grandparents every week? —They will be happy to see us. A．what B．why C．where D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，你能告诉我为什么我们以前每周都去看望爷爷奶奶吗？——他们见到我们会很高兴的。 考查宾语从句。what什么；why为什么；where在哪里；how怎样。根据回答“They will be happy to see us.”可知，以前之所以每周都去看望爷爷奶奶，是因为他们见到我们会很高兴。因此，此处应是询问“原因”，故选B。 4. —Could you tell me ________? —Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. A．what are you reading B．why do you like reading C．what you are reading D．why you like reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你在读什么吗？——《爱丽丝梦游仙境》。 考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me”可知，空格处为宾语从句，从句需用陈述句语序（主语+谓语），故排除选项A和B；根据“Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland.”可知，此处应是询问读的内容，即读的什么，故应用what引导宾语从句。故选C。 5.—Could you please tell me ________? —Certainly, there is a modern library on Binjiang Road. You can find different kinds of books here. A．how far the library is B．what I can learn from books C．if there is a mall near here D．where I can find a quiet place to read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我哪里能找到一个安静的地方读书吗？——当然，滨江路有一个现代化的图书馆。你可以在这里找到不同种类的书。 考查宾语从句。how far the library is图书馆有多远；what I can learn from books我可以从书中学到什么；if there is a mall near here附近是否有商场；where I can find a quiet place to read哪里我能找到一个安静的地方读书。根据答语“Certainly, there is a modern library on Binjiang Road. You can find different kinds of books here.”可知，对应选项D“寻找一个安静读书的地方”的需求。故选D。 6.—David, what’s the meaning of “A promise is a promise”? —It tells us ________. A．what promise we must keep B．when do we make a promise C．why should we make a promise D．how important keeping a promise is 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——大卫，“承诺就是承诺”是什么意思？——它告诉我们信守诺言是多么重要。 考查宾语从句。句子是宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除BC；根据“A promise is a promise”可知，“承诺就是承诺”告诉我们信守诺言很重要，用how引导宾语从句。故选D。 7.—Helen, your hat is cute. Could you tell me ________? —Thanks. At Huaxing Store. A．where did you buy it B．where you bought it C．when did you buy it D．when you bought it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——海伦，你的帽子很可爱。你能告诉我你在哪里买的吗？——谢谢。在华兴商店买的。 考查宾语从句。根据“Could you tell me…”可知，这是一个宾语从句，宾语从句中语序应为陈述语序，因此可以排除选项A和C。再根据答句“At Huaxing Store.”可知，这里回答的是地点，因此问句应该询问的是地点，而不是时间。故选B。 8．— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A．where we are going B．where we went C．where are we going D．where did we go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——琳达，你知道这学期我们学校旅行要去哪里吗？——是的。我们要去首都博物馆。 考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...for the school trip this term”可知，空处填入的是宾语从句，用陈述句序，因此排除选项C和D（均为疑问语序）；结合回答“We are going to the Capital Museum.”可知，此时宾语从句用一般将来时，排除选项B（为一般过去时）。故选A。 9. He didn’t know English at all, so he can’t understand ______ the machine. A．what to control B．to control what C．how to control D．to control how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他根本不懂英语，所以他不知道如何控制这台机器。 考查宾语从句的简化。根据“he can’t understand”可知，该句是宾语从句，当从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构，结合“the machine.”可知，应该是如何操控机器。故选C。 10. One of these small men began talking to me, but I didn’t know __________. A．when to say B．what to say C．how to say D．what to say it 【答案】B 【详解】句意：其中一个矮个子男人开始跟我说话，但我不知道说什么。 考查疑问词加不定式的用法。when to say何时说；what to say说什么；how to say如何说；what to say it错误表达。根据“One of these small men began talking to me, but I didn’t know...”可知，空处指我不知道“说什么”，需what to say，在句中作宾语。故选B。 11. —I don’t know if ________ tomorrow. —I will call you if he ________. A．will he come; arrives B．he will come; arrives C．he will come; will arrive D．will he come; will arrive 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我不知道他明天是否会来。——如果他来，我会给你打电话的。 考查宾语从句和动词时态。第一句话中if引导的是宾语从句，从句中用陈述语序，排除A和D；第二句话中if引导条件状语从句，从句中用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。故选B。 12. Please tell me ________ yesterday. A．why hasn’t he come B．why he didn’t come C．why didn’t he come D．why he hasn’t come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：请告诉我他昨天为什么没来。 考查宾语从句和动词时态。根据“Please tell me … yesterday.”可知，此处为宾语从句，从句应用陈述句语序，排除选项AC；结合“yesterday”可知，时态为一般过去时。故选B。 13. The teacher said that the earth ________ around the sun. A．move B．moves C．moved D．to move 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师说地球围绕着太阳转。 考查宾语从句的时态。在宾语从句中，内容若是真理或公理时，用一般现在时，主语是the earth，动词用三单形式。故选B。 14. The French producer asked Damin ________. A．how often does he go fishing B．how often did he go fishing C．how often he goes fishing D．how often he went fishing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位法国制片人问大民多久去钓鱼一次。 考查宾语从句。此处应用宾语从句，用陈述语序，排除A、B选项；根据“The French producer asked”可知，从句应用一般过去时，排除C选项。故选D。 15. He promised he ________ me as soon as he arrived. A．calls B．would call C．will call D．called 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他承诺一到达就会给我打电话。 考查动词时态。分析句子结构可知，句子是宾语从句，主句是一般过去时，从句应遵循“主过从过”的时态原则，且as soon as引导时间状语从句，arrived是过去式，从句描述的是从过去某个时间点看将来要发生的动作，要用过去将来时，即“would+动词原形”。故选B。 16. The teacher asked us ________. A．why we are late for class B．why are we late for class C．why we were late for class D．why were we late for class 【答案】C 【详解】句意：老师问我们为什么上课迟到。 考查宾语从句。此处作为宾语从句，用陈述语序：疑问词+主语+谓语，排除BD两项，主句谓语asked是一般过去时，宾语从句用一般过去时，故选C。 17. Goldfish don’t know ________ to them three seconds ago. A．what happens B．what is happening C．what did happened D．what happened 【答案】D 【详解】句意：金鱼不知道三秒前发生了什么。 考查宾语从句的时态和语序。根据时间状语“three seconds ago”可知，从句描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时，且从句需用陈述语序。故选D。 18. —What do you think of the Mid-Autumn Festival? —I love it. I think mooncakes ________ delicious. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你觉得中秋节怎么样？——我喜欢它。我认为月饼很好吃。 考查时态。think后是宾语从句，主现从不限，此处表达当前的观点，用一般现在时，主语mooncakes后接be动词are。故选A。 19. —I don’t know if Mrs. Lee ________ us. —I have no idea. But I think she will come if she ________ free time tomorrow. A．will join; will have B．joins; will have C．joins; has D．will join; has 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我不知道李夫人是否会加入我们。——我也不知道。但是我认为如果明天她有时间她会来的。 考查动词时态。第一个题空“if”意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，表达不确定的疑问，其时态需根据实际时间语境判断，不受主句时态限制，因此用一般将来时；第二个题空“if”意为“如果”，引导条件状语从句，需遵循主将从现原则，本句主句是一般将来时，因此从句需用一般现在时。故选D。 20. Could you tell me ________? A．what is the boy’s name B．what the boy’s name was C．what the boy’s name is D．what was the name of the boy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能告诉我那个男孩叫什么名字吗？   考查宾语从句。宾语从句应用陈述句语序，选项A和D是疑问语序，排除；could表示语气委婉，不是一般过去时，询问男孩名字，从句应使用一般现在时，符合语境。故选C。 21. —Would you like to see the new movie 731 tomorrow? —Yes, of course. But I am not sure ________ Tony will go. A．why B．what C．that D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你明天想去看新电影《731》吗？——当然，但我不确定托尼是否会去。 考查宾语从句。why为什么；what什么；that那；if是否。根据句意，空格处需填入表示“是否”的引导词，表达不确定托尼是否会去。故选D。 22. Do you know ________ in Germany? I’m planning a trip there. A．how’s the weather like B．what the weather is like C．what does the weather like D．how the weather is like 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你知道德国的天气怎么样吗？我正计划去那里旅行。 考查宾语从句的语序和询问天气。how’s the weather like语法错误；what the weather is like今天天气如何；what does the weather like语法错误；how the weather is like语法错误。结合语境可知，询问天气的常用表达有“What’s the weather like?”和“How is the weather?”；在宾语从句中，要把疑问句语序调整为陈述语序。故选B。 23.—That sounds interesting! May I ask ________ to see the changes? —Well, it depends. Some people take a while, and some others take forever. A．how much will it cost B．how long will it take C．how much it will cost D．how long it will take 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——听起来很有趣！请问需要多长时间才能看到变化？——嗯，这要看情况。有些人需要一段时间，有些人则需要一辈子。 考查特殊疑问词及宾语从句。how much多少钱；how long多长时间。根据“Some people take a while, and some others take for ever.”可知，此处询问花费时间的长短，用how long引导宾语从句，且宾语从句需要用陈述语序。故选D。 24. I don’t think he’s ever been to the Monkey Island, ________? A．isn’t he B．hasn’t he C．has he D．do I 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我认为他从没去过猴岛，对吧？ 考查反意疑问句。反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否，前否后肯”。陈述句是宾语从句，且是“否定前移”的结构，所以从句是否定句。反意疑问句和宾语从句保持一致，反问部分用肯定，排除AB选项；从句是现在完成时，所以应用助动词has，故选C。 25. I ________ think there ________ more pollution. A．/; won’t be B．don’t; will be C．/; won’t have D．don’t; have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我认为不会有更多的污染。 考查宾语从句否定转移和there be句型的一般将来时。分析句子结构可知，此句为含宾语从句的复合句；主句是I think，从句表示否定时，否定要转移到主句上，所以第一空应用don’t；there be句型的将来时为there will be或there is going to be，所以第二空应用will be。故选B。 二、选词填空 where，that，if，who，whether，how，when，what，how much，how long 1．The teacher told us the sun rises in the east. 2．I want to know you will come to my birthday party or not. 3．She asked me I liked pop music. I told her that I liked it very much. 4．—Do you know he was born? —Yes, I do. He was born in Hebei Province. 5．I asked him the meeting would start. The secretary told me that it would start at 4:30. 6．I want to know I can keep the book. I want to keep it for two weeks. 7．Lisa asked me I needed to pay for the sweater. 8．They decided to go there by bus. Please tell me you are going there. 9．Lisa wanted to know my English name was. 10．—Do you know is talking with our teacher? —No, I don’t. But I guess it’s Linda’s mother. 【答案】 1．that 2．whether 3．if/whether 4．where 5．when 6．how long 7．how much 8．how 9．what 10．who 【详解】1．句意：老师告诉我们太阳从东方升起。从句“the sun rises in the east”不缺任何成分，应用引导词that，故填that。 2．句意：我想知道你是否会来参加我的生日聚会。whether or not：是否，固定搭配，故填whether。 3．句意：她问我是否喜欢流行音乐。我告诉她我非常喜欢它。根据“She asked me”及“I told her that I liked it very much”可知，问我是否喜欢，用if/whether“是否”引导宾语从句，故填if/whether。 4．句意：——你知道他在哪里出生吗？——是的，我知道。他出生于河北省。根据答语“He was born in Hebei Province”可知，询问在哪里出生，用where引导宾语从句，故填where。 5．句意：我问他会议什么时候开始。秘书告诉我四点半开始。根据“ it would start at 4:30”可知，询问什么时候开始，用when引导宾语从句，故填when。 6．句意：我想知道这本书我能借多久。我想借两个星期。根据“I want to keep it for two weeks”可知，询问能借多久，用how long引导宾语从句，故填how long。 7．句意：丽莎问我买这件毛衣需要多少钱。根据“I needed to pay for the sweater.”可知，询问要付多少钱，用how much引导宾语从句，故填how much。 8．句意：他们决定乘公共汽车去那里。请告诉我你打算怎么去那里。根据“They decided to go there by bus”可知，此处指如何去那里，用how引导宾语从句，故填how。 9．句意：丽莎想知道我的英文名字是什么。宾语从句was后缺少表语，用what引导宾语从句，故填what。 10．句意：——你知道谁在和我们的老师谈话吗？——不， 我不知道。但我猜是Linda的妈妈。根据“But I guess it’s Linda’s mother”可知，询问谁和老师谈话，用who引导宾语从句，故填who。 三、完成句子 1.他们不知道自己是否能成功，但都尽了最大的努力。 They didn’t know       or not, but they all tried their best. 【答案】 whether they could succeed 【详解】根据汉语提示可知，know后面跟宾语从句，从句结构是“whether ... or not”，意为“是否”，引导词后跟陈述句语序。they“他们”，作从句的主语；can“能”，主句用过去式，从句也要用过去时态，因此用could；succeed“成功”，动词，与could一起构成谓语，could是情态动词，succeed用动词原形。故填whether；they；could；succeed。 2. 我的朋友汤姆和我一直在讨论我们在长城上所看到的东西。 My friend Tom and I keep talking about on the Great Wall. 【答案】 what we saw 【详解】由中英文对比可知，缺少“我们所看到的东西”；what“什么”，引导宾语从句，从句要用陈述句语序；we“我们”，作从句的主语；saw“看到”，为谓语动词，what we saw表示“我们所看到的东西”。故填what；we；saw。 3.我的朋友们也想知道我们为什么对科技节感兴趣。 My friends also wondered in the science festival. 【答案】 why we were interested 【详解】句子是宾语从句，此处用why引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序；根据“wondered”可知主句是过去时，故此处从句用一般过去时，主语是we，be动词用were；对……感兴趣：be interested in。故填why；we；were；interested。 4.研究表明AI能够提高学生的学习效率。 Research shows AI students’ learning efficiency. 【答案】 that can improve 【详解】根据所给中英文对照可知，需要翻译的是“能够提高”。“能够”对应情态动词 “can”，其后接动词原形；“提高”译为 “improve”；主句是“Research shows”，从句是“AI...students’ learning efficiency.”，故第一空用that引导宾语从句，故填that；can；improve。 5.没有人知道谁把杂志拿走了。 Nobody knows the magazine. 【答案】 who has taken away 【详解】who“谁”，take away“拿走”，根据句意可知，时态是现在完成时（have/has done），主语是who，助动词用has。故填who；has；taken；away。 6．Tom捡起了两个塑料袋，问袋子是谁的。 Tom picked up two plastic bags and . 【答案】 asked whose they were 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺少“问袋子是谁的”。ask“询问”，动词，由“picked”可知，时态是一般过去时，故ask用其过去式。whose“谁的（袋子）”，引导宾语从句，从句为陈述语序；they“它们”，指代bags；时态是一般过去时，主语是复数，故用be动词were。故填asked；whose；they；were。 7.罗斯已经回英国了。我想知道我将什么时候收到她的来信，了解她的进步。 Rose has returned to the UK. I wonder I from her about her progress. 【答案】 when will hear 【详解】wonder后跟宾语从句，结合“将什么时候收到她的来信”可知，从句时态为一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形；when“什么时候”；hear from“收到……的来信”，故填when；will；hear。 8.罗宾不知道在哪里可以买到一双鞋给妈妈。 Robin had no idea          a pair of shoes for his mother. 【答案】 where he could buy 【详解】where“在哪里”，he“他”，can“能”，buy“买”，根据“had”可知，主句是一般过去时，从句也要用过去式，故填where；he；could；buy。 9．我的朋友想知道他们为什么对科技节这么感兴趣。 My friends wonder in the science festival so much. 【答案】 why they are interested 【详解】“wonder”是及物动词，后接宾语从句，对照中文可知，应该用疑问词“why”引导宾语从句，be interested in“对……感兴趣”，they“他们”，从句使用一般现在时，be动词用are。故填why；they；are；interested。 10.我想知道你花了多长时间做的这套梳子。 I wonder you to make this set of combs. 【答案】 how long it took 【详解】分析句子可知，动词wonder后接宾语从句，遵循“陈述语序”，且遵循“主现从不限”原则；how long“多长时间”；it takes sb time to do sth表示“花费某人多长时间做某事”，根据语境可知，花时间做梳子是发生在过去的事情，需用一般过去时，动词需用过去式。故填how；long；it；took。 11.是谁发现了地球围绕太阳转？ Who discovered the earth the sun? 【答案】 that moves/goes around 【详解】结合中英文可知，此处是宾语从句，且不作从句成分，用that引导；move/go around“绕着……来回转”，此处是指地球围绕太阳转，是客观真理，应用一般现在时，主语是the earth，谓语动词用三单形式。故填that；moves/goes；around。 12. 我认为她明天不会来。 I she tomorrow. 【答案】 don’t think will come 【详解】本句为含有think的宾语从句，表否定意义时，需对主句中的think进行否定；根据时间状语“tomorrow”，可知从句用一般将来时，其结构式为will+动词原形，来“come”。故填don’t；think；will；come。 13. 他说班里的每个人都装扮成一个卡通人物。 He said everyone in the class as a cartoon character. 【答案】 dressed up 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“装扮”的英文翻译。dress up意为“装扮”，结合主句“He said”，宾语从句的谓语动词dress up应用过去式。故填dressed；up。 14.他不知道怎样做这件事情。 He doesn’t know do it. 【答案】 how to 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“怎样”的英文，know后跟宾语，可用“特殊疑问词+to do”结构，how to do it表示“如何做这件事”。故填how；to。 15.我爷爷想知道如何在网上查找关于前总理的信息。 My grandpa wonders the information about the former Premier online. 【答案】how to look up 【详解】根据语境可知，句子为宾语从句简化形式，空处需填“疑问词+不定式to+动词原形”，how “如何”，look up表示“查找”。故填how ；to； look ；up。 一、语法选择 Maria Montessori is a famous Italian educationalist, whose method of teaching has influenced people all over the world. Born in Italy in 1870, Maria Montessori became 1 first woman doctor in her country after she graduated from medical school in 1896. Later, working with poor children, she set up a “Children House” in Rome. This was the place where she developed the Montessori Method. Maria thought that children 2 be free to learn without being criticized(批评) or limited. She let the children 3 their own choice of what they wanted to do and work at their own speed, not the rest of the class or the teacher. As a result, children enjoyed learning and this gave them confidence and makes them 4 . The Montessori Method 5 teaches children skills to help them become independent. Very young children learn to dress 6 , to cook and to put their toys and clothes away. Children 7 to repeat activities as often as they wish, and they develop their observation(观察) skills 8 doing different activities. In addition, the Montessori Method thinks 9 a teacher is a guide, not a leader of the classroom, helping open children’s eyes to the wonders around them. A Montessori teacher observes children 10 in order to provide them with individual learning programmes. A typical room in a Montessori school has 11 things which children can use. The furniture is light 12 children can arrange(布置) it as they wish. 13 the environment offers many activities, children like to work together and they develop a social life based on cooperation rather than competition. Maria Montessori travelled around the world 14 teachers to use her method. In 1950, she 15 the World Peace Education Badges. 1．A．a B．an C．the D．/ 2．A．could B．might C．must D．would 3．A．make B．made C．to make D．making 4．A．happiness B．happy C．happily D．happier 5．A．too B．either C．neither D．also 6．A．them B．they C．their D．themselves 7．A．encourage B．encouraged C．are encouraged D．were encouraged 8．A．by B．with C．in D．for 9．A．that B．why C．how D．when 10．A．close B．closed C．closely D．closing 11．A．much B．many C．little D．a little 12．A．or B．so C．but D．as 13．A．But B．If C．Unless D．Because 14．A．train B．trained C．to train D．to training 15．A．receive B．received C．has received D．was receiving 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．D 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．C 15．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了意大利著名教育家玛利娅·蒙台梭利，她作为意大利第一个女医生，建立了“儿童之家”发展教育法，以一种指导的方法鼓励孩子发展，学会合作，培养技能精神，这一教育方法影响全世界的人。 1．句意：玛丽娅·蒙特梭利1870年出生于意大利，1896年从医学院毕业后成为意大利首位女医生。 a一个，表泛指，用于辅音音素前；an一个，表泛指，用于元音音素前；the这个，表特指；/不填。根据“Maria Montessori became…first woman doctor in her country”可知空后first为序数词，序数词前要用定冠词the，故选C。 2．句意：玛丽娅·蒙特梭利认为孩子们必须自由学习，不受批评或限制。 could能；might可以；must必须；would会。根据“children…be free to learn without being criticized(批评) or limited”可知孩子们应是必须自由学习，must符合语境，故选C。 3．句意：她让孩子们自己选择他们想做什么，并以自己的速度工作，而不是跟从班上其他人或老师。 make制作，动词原形；made动词过去式或动词分词；to make动词不定式；making动名词。根据“She let the children…their own choice of what they wanted to do and work at their own speed”可知此处应是let sb do sth“让某人做某事”，故要用动词原形，故选A。 4．句意：因此，孩子们喜欢学习，这给了他们信心并且让他们快乐。 happiness快乐，名词；happy快乐的，形容词；happily快乐地，副词；happier更快乐的，形容词比较级。根据“this gave them confidence and makes them…”可知此处应是make sb+adj.“使某人……样”，形容词作状宾语补足语，结合语境可知此处要用形容词原级，故选B。 5．句意：蒙台梭利方法也教孩子们一些帮助他们独立的技能。 too也，用于肯定句句尾；either也，用于否定句句尾；neither也不；also也，用于be动词后，实义动词前。根据“The Montessori Method…teaches children skills to help them become independent.”可知此句为肯定句，且空格后为动词，故要用also，故选D。 6．句意：非常小的孩子们学习自己穿衣服，做饭和收拾他们的玩具和服装。 them他们，人称代词宾格；they他们，人称代词主格；their他们的，形容词性物主代词；themselves他们自己，反身代词。根据“Very young children learn to dress…, to cook and to put their toys and clothes away.”可知应是学习自己穿衣服，故要用反身代词，故选D。 7．句意：鼓励孩子们随心所欲地重复活动，并通过进行不同的活动来发展他们的观察技能。 encourage鼓励，动词原形；encouraged动词过去式或过去分词；are encouraged用于一般现在时的被动语态；were encouraged用于一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Children…to repeat activities as often as they wish”可知主语children和动词encourage之间应是被动关系，又根据“develop”可知应是一般现在时，故要用一般现在时的被动语态，故选C。 8．句意：鼓励孩子们随心所欲地重复活动，并通过进行不同的活动来发展他们的观察技能。 by通过；with和……一起；in在……里；for为了。根据“and they develop their observation(观察) skills…doing different activities.”可知此处应是说通过进行不同的活动来发展他们的观察技能，故选A。 9．句意：此外，蒙台梭利方法认为老师是一个向导，而不是课堂的领导者，帮助孩子们睁开眼睛，看到周围的奇迹。 that那个；why为什么；how怎么；when什么时候。根据“the Montessori Method thinks…a teacher is a guide”可知此处是宾语从句，且从句不缺成分，故要用that引导，故选A。 10．句意：一个蒙特梭利老师密切观察孩子们，为他们提供个性化的学习计划。 close关闭，动词；closed关闭的，密切的，形容词；closely密切地，副词；closing结束的，形容词。根据“A Montessori teacher observes children…in order to provide them with individual learning programmes.”可知空格处应填副词修饰动词observes，故选C。 11．句意：一个蒙特梭利学校的一个典型教室里有很多孩子可以使用的东西。 much许多，修饰不可数名词；many许多，修饰可数名词复数；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词；a little有点，修饰不可数名词。根据“A typical room in a Montessori school has…things which children can use.”可知空后things“东西”，是可数名词复数，故要用many修饰，故选B。 12．句意：家具很轻，所以孩子们可以按照他们想得布置。 or或者；so所以；but但是；as作为。根据“The furniture is light…children can arrange(布置) it as they wish.”可知前后是因果关系，空前是原因，空后是结果，故要用so，故选B。 13．句意：因为环境提供了许多活动，孩子们喜欢一起工作，他们在是在合作的基础上发展社交生活而不是竞争的基础上。 But但是；If如果；Unless除非；Because因为。根据“…the environment offers many activities, children like to work together”可知此处应是原因状语从句，因为提供许多活动，所以孩子们喜欢一起工作，故要用because，故选D。 14．句意：玛丽娅·蒙特梭利周游世界来培训教师使用她的方法。 train培训，动词原形；trained动词过去式或过去分词；to train动词不定式；to training介词+动名词结构。根据“Maria Montessori travelled around the world…teachers to use her method”可知环游世界是为了培训老师们用她的方法，故要用动词不定式表目的，故选C。 15．句意：在1950年，她获得了世界和平教育徽章。 receive收到，动词原形；received动词过去式或过去分词；has received用于现在完成时；was receiving用于过去进行时。根据“In 1950, she…the World Peace Education Badges.”可知此处应是一般过去时，故动词要用过去式，故选B。 二、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 To manage our time well, we need a goal that truly encourages us. This goal will 1 (help) us beat laziness and make the most of every minute. Once we have a goal, planning becomes super helpful for managing 2 (we) time. When I was applying to (申请) 3 (university) in the US, I had so many exams, competitions and activities to manage. So I started making daily to-do lists, like 4 (finish) a certain number of book exercises every day. Having clear plans is great because it helps our brains understand 5 to do step by step. But the most important thing is actually doing the tasks. Sometimes, when I have a big task, I struggle (斗争) with laziness, I might tell myself I’ll just spend 10 minutes 6 my phone before starting a task, but then 7 hour goes by! This happens because our brains don’t always like challenges. To help 8 this, I follow a 10-minute rule: If a task takes less than 10 minutes, I do it right away, If it takes longer, I promise myself 9 (work) on it for at least 10 minutes. This makes tasks feel easier. By breaking tasks into smaller steps and working on them bit by bit, I can finish them more 10 (easy) and successfully. 【答案】 1．help 2．our 3．universities 4．finishing 5．what 6．on 7．an 8．with 9．to work 10．easily 【导语】本文主要讲述了合理管理时间的方法。 1．句意：这个目标将帮助我们战胜懒惰，充分利用每一分钟。“will”是一般将来时的助动词，后接动词原形。故填help。 2．句意：旦我们有了目标，规划对于管理我们的时间就变得极其有帮助。“we”是人称代词的主格形式，而此处需要一个形容词性物主代词来修饰名词“time”，所以应该使用“our”。故填our。 3．句意：当我申请美国的大学时，我有很多考试、竞赛和活动。“university”是可数名词，且前面没有冠词或数量词修饰，所以应该使用其复数形式“universities”来表示泛指的多所大学。故填universities。 4．句意：所以我开始制定每日待办事项，比如每天完成一定数量的书本练习题。like”在这里是介词，意为“像”，后面应该接动名词形式作为宾语。因此，“finish”应该变为“finishing”。故填finishing。 5．句意：有清晰的计划很好，因为它能帮助我们的大脑理解要一步步做什么。此处是一个宾语从句，且从句中缺少“do”的宾语，所以需要一个连接代词来引导从句并作为宾语。结合句意，应该使用“what”来引导这个宾语从句。故填what。 6．句意：我可能会告诉自己我只会花10分钟在这个任务上，然后休息一下，但往往一个小时过去了！“spend some time on sth”是固定短语，意为“在某事上花费时间”，所以此处应该使用介词“on”。故填on。 7．句意：我可能会告诉自己我只会花10分钟在这个任务上，然后休息一下，但往往一个小时过去了！此处是泛指“一个小时过去了”，且“hour”是以元音音素开头的单词，所以应该使用不定冠词“an”来修饰。故填an。 8．句意：为了在这方面帮助自己，我遵循一个“10 分钟规则”。“help with sth”是固定短语，意为“帮助解决/克服某事”，所以此处应该使用介词“with”。故填with。 9．句意：如果它花费的时间更长，我会承诺自己至少在上面努力10分钟。“promise sb to do sth.”是固定短语，意为“答应某人做某事”，所以此处应该使用动词不定式“to work”作为宾语补足语。故填to work。 10．句意：通过将任务分解成更小的步骤，一点一点地努力完成它们，我就能更轻松、更顺利地完成任务。“easy”是形容词，而此处需要副词来修饰动词“finish”，所以应该使用“easy”的副词形式“easily”表示“容易地”。故填easily。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $