高二上学期期末实战模拟卷1-【创新教程】2026-2027学年高二上学期英语期末实战模拟卷

高二上学期期末实战模拟卷一 [主题阅读1]人与自我一一有成就的人 (时间45分钟，满分50分) I.阅读（满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Four UCLA professors have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) for groundbreaking research achievements,which recognizes scientific excellence and advi- 癸 ses the U.S.government on science policy.Let's dive into more details Edward Leamer was an economics pioneer who revolutionized economic forecasting and methods.His 1983 paper "Let's Take the Con Out of Econometrics"proposed open economic models,and his leadership at the UCLA Anderson Forecast shaped national poli- cy debates until his death in 2025. ·Heather Maynard is a chemistry professor that develops polymer(聚合物)-based therapies and "smart materials"for precision medicine.Taking "Poly as an Excipient for Insulin Stabilization:Mechanism and Safety"for example.Her books and papers have earned global recognition. i Sorin Popa,a mathematics professor since 1987,transformed operator algebra re- search linked to quantum physics(量子物理学).His classification of von Neumann alge- 典 bras solved decades-old problems,earning him fellowships in top mathematical societies. "On co-amenability for groups and von Neumann algebras"has won him awards and honors. Marilyn Raphael,a climate scientist,studies the condition of Antarctic sea ice, whose recent research indicates that melting Antarctic sea ice is becoming far less likely to 军 recover.Raphael is the co-author of "The Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate Change:A Complete Visual Guide".Her leadership in polar research and advocacy for diversity in sci- ence aligns with NAS's mission to promote public understanding of climate change. 斯 The NAS,with 2,662 active members,bridges the worlds of research and policymak- ing,ensuring scientific insights guide national decisions. 数 1.Which one below is recommended if a science enthusiast is interested in mathematics? A.“Let's Take the Con Out of Econometrics'”. B."The Encyclopedia of Weather and Climate Change". C."On co-amenability for groups and von Neumann algebras". D."An Uncountable Family of Non Orbit Equivalent Actions of Fn". 2.What does Marilyn Raphael's research suggest about Antarctic sea ice? A.Rapidly recovering annually. B.Unaffected by global warming. 黑 C.Expanding due to colder winters. D.Nearing irreparable damage. 3.According to the text,what is a key responsibility of NAS members? A.Publishing academic research. B.Training students for private sectors. C.Organizing scientific competitions. D.Guiding government policy decisions. Sometimes a person who thinks in an unusual way can look at the world from a differ- ent point of view.Such was Richard Phillips Feynman,a role model change maker.Born in 1918,he began showing some unusual qualities. 英语试题（一）第1页（共4页） The first sign of Feynman's unique qualities was that he hadn't yet spoken by age three.But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engineering.He enjoyed repairing household objects,and built a simple laboratory in his room.By the time he was in high school,he was experimenting things which were only taught to college students. After Richard Feynman graduated from high school in 1939,he studied at the MIT.Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were "the best that we've seen,"according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion.Finally,he was accepted and continued to study physics at Princeton where he got his PhD.His lectures attrac- ted many great scientists of the time,including Albert Einstein. At Princeton,Feynman began his most famous work:his work on nuclear weapons. He moved to a lab and not all of his work there has been released to the public,but we know he performed experiments related to uranium.After the war,Feynman taught at Cornell University,where he continued his studies.He was also awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in particle physics. Then,in 1978,Feynman developed cancer and died a year later.Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world,his personal qualities and skills are what really makes him unique.Faced with all the challenges,he never gave up,doing work that he loved until the day he died. 4.What do we know about Richard Phillips Feynman from the text? A.Young Feynman showed his talent in every field. B.Feynman won the Nobel Prize after the war ended. C.Young Feynman enjoyed managing household a lot. D.Feynman was diagnosed with cancer and died at the age of 60. 5.Why was Feynman admitted by Princeton? A.Because he was a Jewish. B.Because he graduated from the MIT. C.Because he was very gifted in math and science. D.Because his lecture attracted many great scientists. 6.Which words can best describe Richard Feynman? A.Selfless and friendly. B.Talented and stubborn. C.Intelligent and devoted. D.Strong-willed and humorous. 7.What may be the best title of the text? A.Richard Feynman's Unusual Qualities B.Richard Feynman-A Respected Scientist C.A Touching Story About Richard Feynman D.The Influence of Richard Feynman C George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County,Obio,and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age.Being needed on the farm,Shull received his early formal education off and on.However,it was supplemented()by intense home study so that by 1892,he was teaching in a public school,and later attending Antioch College. In 1901,he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do grad- uate work.With his knowledge of botany and experience with farming practices,Shull pas- sed a Civil Service exam,and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U.S.National Herbarium.He also worked at the U.S.Bureau of Plant Industry as a botanical expert ex- amining the plants and animals of Chesapeake Bay and Currituck Sound.The data he col- lected during this time was to comprise his Ph.D.thesis().And in 1904 he was ap- pointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution. He began working on corn in 1905.Following Gregor Mendel's example,Shull ob- tained pure-bred(纯种的)lines of corn through self-pollination(自花受粉).The pure-bred lines were less healthy and productive,but when he crossed the pure-bred lines,the hy- brids yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.He immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields. 英语试题（一）第2页（共4页） In 1915,Shull accepted a professorship at Princeton University.With his encourage- ment,Princeton University Press began the publication of a new journal,Genetics.Shull was the managing editor for ten years.Genetics is still one of the top international science journals. Shull retired in 1942.He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren. 8.What does the underlined part "off and on"in Paragraph 1 mean? A.Not surprisingly. B.Very formally.C.Very excellently.D.Not regularly. 9.What's Paragraph 2 mainly about? A.George Shull's contributions. B.George Shull's research. C.George Shull's work experience. D.George Shull's education. 10.What was so special about Shull's method of corn breeding? A.It completely relied on self-pollination. B.It was first published in Genetics. C.It was widely accepted in Obio. D.It focused on crossing pure-bred lines. 11.How does the author mainly develop the text? A.By giving examples. B.By following time order. C.By making comparisons. D.By presenting a scientific study. 0 German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time,the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship.In The Ein- steinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity-Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jurgen Renn-offer an origi- nal and penetrating()analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world. By setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics-and by pure thought alone. As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past.He saw his the- ory of relativity not as something from scratch,but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physi- cist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century physicists. The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics.The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein consid- ered himself as standing on their shoulders,he meant that,without their contributions,he would not have formulated()the theory of relativity. The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925.Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein,of all people,revolutionized physics in the way that he did.But they argue in fascinating detail that,to understand his genius,one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly.Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike. 英语试题（一）第3页（共4页） 12.Where is the text most probably taken from? A.An essay on Albert Einstein. B.An introduction to a book. C.A guidebook to a course. D.A review of physics development. 13.What's the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein? A.Unclear. B.Favorable. C.Dismissive D.Opposing. 14.What does the underlined phrase "from scratch"probably mean? A.Up to standard. B.From nothing. C.By learning from others. D.With previous knowledge. 15.What does the author mean to say by mentioning the famous physicists? A.Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. B.Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. C.Their researches contributed to Einstein's success. D.Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. Ⅱ.阅读七选五（满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余 选项。 Characteristics of an excellent scientist The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences,especially natural science or physical science.1 Let's look at some char- acteristics of an excellent scientist. Curiosity An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know 母 how things work.2 Patience Becoming a scientist takes a long time.3 Even if you think you have received some education on science,you still have a lot of scientific research to do.If you're an in- stant-gratification type of person,this may not be the best choice for you. Ethical(道德的)qualities In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good,a scientist must have a desire to improve people's life as well as the environment,since they are linked and 烯 they can affect one another in the long run.4 Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest.However,that belief shouldn't be changed without powerful evidence. Working habits 5 He/She can work well alone or in groups,depending on what's needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.Networking connects him her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A.To make discoveries,you have to think differently. B.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. D.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. E.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. F.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. G.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder,a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. 英语试题（一）第4页（共4页）参考名 参考 高二上学期期末实战模拟卷一 I.A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章主 要介绍了四位当选美国国家科学院院士的加州大 学洛杉矶分校的教授，主要包括其研究领域、研究 成果和重要学术作品。 l.C[细节理解题。根据第四段中“Sorin Popa,a mathematics professor since 1987,transformed operator algebra research linked to quantum physics(量子物理学).(Sorin Popa自1987年 起担任数学教授，他革新了与量子物理学相关 的算子代数研究领域。)”和“‘Onco-amenability for groups and von Neumann algebras'has won him awards and honors..(他的《论群与冯 诺伊曼代数的共顺从性》为他赢得了多项大奖 和荣誉。)”可知，《论群与冯诺伊曼代数的共顺 从性》是数学家Sorin Popa关于算子代数的作 品，与数学研究相关，可以推荐给对数学感兴趣 的科学爱好者。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第五段中“Marilyn Raphael,a climate scientist,studies the condi- tion of Antarctic sea ice,whose recent research indicates that melting Antarctic sea ice is be- coming far less likely to recover..(气候科学家 Marilyn Raphael专注于南极海冰状况研究，其 最新研究表明：正在消融的南极海冰恢复的可 能性正变得越来越低。)”可知，Marilyn Raphael 的研究表明南极海冰接近不可挽回的损害。] 3.D[细节理解题。根据第一段中“Four UCLA professors have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences(NAS)for groundbreaking research achievements,which recognizes scien- tific excellence and advises the U.S.govern- ment on science policy..(四位加州大学洛杉矶 分校教授因其突破性研究成果当选美国国家科 学院院士。美国国家科学院旨在表彰杰出科学 成就，并为美国政府提供科学政策建议。)”和最 后一段“The NAS,with2,662 active members, bridges the worlds of research and policymak- ing,ensuring scientific insights guide national decisions..(NAS目前拥有2662名现任院士， 在科研与政策制定领域架起桥梁，确保科学见 解能够引导国家决策。)”可知，NAS成员的核 心职责是指导政府政策决策。] B.[语篇解读]文章主要介绍了一位备受尊敬的 科学家Richard Phillips Feynman,介绍了他的个 人经历以及取得的成就。 4.B[细节理解题。根据第四段中“After the war,Feynman taught at Cornell University, where he continued his studies.He was also ·1 苔案 答案 awarded the Nobel Prize for his work in parti- cle physics.(战后，费曼在康奈尔大学任教，继 续他的学业。他还因在粒子物理学方面的工作 而获得诺贝尔奖。)”可知，费曼是在战后获得诺 贝尔奖的。] 5.C[细节理解题。根据第三段中“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were the best that we've seen,'according to Prin- ceton,he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion. (尽管他在科学和数学方面的成绩是‘我们见过 的最好的’，但根据普林斯顿大学的说法，他几 乎被拒绝，因为他在写作方面的成绩很差，以及 他的犹太信仰。)”可知，费曼被普林斯顿录取是 因为他在数学和科学方面很有天赋。] 6.C[推理判断题。根据第二段中“But young Feynman showed a talent for math and engi- neering..(但是年轻的费曼在数学和工程方面表 现出了天赋。)”以及第三段中“Despite the fact that his grades in science and math were 'the best that we've seen,'according to Princeton, he was almost rejected due to his very poor grades in writing and his Jewish religion.(尽管 他在科学和数学方面的成绩是‘我们见过的最 好的’，但根据普林斯顿大学的说法，他几乎被 拒绝，因为他在写作方面的成绩很差，以及他的 犹太信仰。)”可知，他很聪明：结合第四、五段可 看出费曼从普林斯顿大学读博到之后工作都致 力于研究物理、教授物理。由此可知，Richard Feynman聪明且专注。] 7.B[主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Then,in 1978,Feynman developed cancer and died a year later.Though Feynman and his work are honored by physicists across the world,his personal qualities and skills are what really makes him unique.Faced with all the challen- ges,he never gave up,doing work that he loved until the day he died.(1978年，费曼罹患 癌症，一年后去世。虽然费曼和他的工作受到 全世界物理学家的尊敬，但他的个人品质和技 能才是真正让他与众不同的。面对所有的挑 战，他从未放弃，做着他热爱的工作，直到他去 世的那一天。)”及上文陈述可知，作者描述了物 理科学家费曼的成长过程以及伟大成就，在最 后一段点出费曼的成就举世瞩目，被全世界物理学 家所敬重。由此可知，B选项“理查德·费曼一 一位受人尊敬的科学家”最符合文章标题。] ● 高二上学期期末实 C.[语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著 名植物学家George Shull的学习和工作经历以及 重要成就。 8.D[词句猜测题。根据第一段第二句中的“Be ing needed on the farm(被农场需要)”可知， George Shull小时候需要做农活，所以无法正常 接受正规教育。所以off and on意为“断断续续 地，时不时地”。] 9.C[主旨大意题。根据第二段第二句“With his knowledge of botany and experience with farm- ing practices,Shull passed a Civil Service ex- am,and was appointed as a botanical assistant at the U.S.National Herbarium.(凭借他的植 物学知识和农业实践经验，Shull通过了公务员 考试，并被任命为美国国家植物标本馆的植物 学助理。)”和最后一句“And in 1:904 he was ap pointed to be in charge of plant work at the Station for Experimental Evolution.(l904年， 他被任命负责实验进化站里的植物工作。)”可 知，第二段主要是讲George Shull的工作 经历。] 10.D[细节理解题。根据第三段第三句和第四 句“The pure-bred lines were less healthy and productive,but when he crossed the pure-bred lines,the hybrids yields were better than any of the parents or those pollinated in the open fields.He immediately recognized the potential for using this strategy to improve crop yields. (纯种品种的健康和产量都较差，但当他杂交纯 种品种时，杂交品种的产量比任何亲本或在开 阔田野授粉的亲本都好。他立即意识到利用这 种策略提高作物产量的潜力。)”可知，Shull的 玉米育种方法的特殊之处在于专注杂交纯种 品种。] 1l.B[推理判断题。根据第一段第一句“George Shull was born in 1874 on a farm in Clark County,Obio,and his knowledge of plants and hybrids came at an early age.(George Shull在1874年出生于奥比奥州克拉克县的一 个农场，他早年就对植物和杂交作物有了了 解。)”，第二段第一句“Inl901,he graduated from Antioch and went to the University of Chicago to do graduate work.(l90l年，他从安 提阿大学毕业，到芝加哥大学攻读研究生学 位。)”，第三段第一句“He began working on corn in1905.(1905年，他开始研究玉米。)”，第 四段第一句“In1915,Shull accepted a profes- sorship at Princeton University.(1915,Shull 接受了普林斯顿大学的教授职位。)”和最后一 段“Shull retired in 1942.He and his wife spent most of their later years with their children and grandchildren.(Shull于l942年退休。他和妻 子晚年的大部分时间都是和儿孙们在一起度过 的。)”可知，这篇文章是按照时间顺序组织的。] ·2 战模拟卷·英语 D.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要介绍和评 价了一本关于爱因斯坦及其相对论的书《爱因斯 坦革命》。 12.B[推理判断题。根据第一段中“In The Ein- steinian Revolution,two experts on Einstein's life and his theory of relativity-Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jurgen Renn-offer an original and penetrating(犀利的)analysis of Einstein's revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.(在《爱因斯坦革 命》一书中，两位研究爱因斯坦生平和相对论 的专家—以色列物理学家哈诺赫·古特弗 罗因德和德国科学历史学家于尔根·雷 恩—对爱因斯坦对物理学的革命性贡献以 及我们对物理世界的看法进行了独到而犀利 的分析。)”、第三段中“As a large part of the book explains,Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past.（正如书中的大部分内容所解释的那样， 爱因斯坦通常认为，科学的进步是通过稳定的 进化，而不是通过与过去的革命性决裂。)”以 及最后一段中“Although not always an easy read,the book will interest physicists and historians alike..(虽然读起来并不容易，但这 本书会引起物理学家和历史学家的兴趣。)”可 知，全文都是围绕这本书来写的，所以文章最 有可能是来自一本书的介绍。] l3.D[推理判断题。根据第二段“By setting Einstein's work in the long course of the evo- lution of scientific knowledge,Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern phys- ics一and by pure thought alone.(通过将爱因 斯坦的工作置于科学知识发展的漫长过程中， 古特弗罗因德和雷恩发现了一个普遍的误解， 即爱因斯坦是一个非传统的科学天才，仅凭思 想就独力创造了现代物理学。)”可推知，他们 俩对普遍关于爱因斯坦的观，点持反对态度。] 14.B[词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词上文 "Einstein typically argued that science pro- gresses through steady evolution,not through revolutionary breaks with the past..（爱因斯坦 通常认为，科学的进步是通过稳定的进化，而 不是通过与过去的革命性决裂。)”以及下文 "but a natural extension of the classical phys- ics developed by pioneers such as Italian as- tronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries,as well as nineteenth-century phys- 参考 icists.(而是经典物理学的自然延伸，这些经典 物理学是由意大利天文学家伽利略·伽利莱 和英国物理学家艾萨克·牛顿等先驱者在16 世纪和17世纪以及19世纪的物理学家提出 的。)”由此可知，此处为他认为他的相对论不 是从零开始的。故可猜测画线短语from scratch为“从头开始”的意思，与选项B项 From nothing“从无到有，从零开始”意思 一致。」 15.C[推理判断题。根据第四段中“The book also includes substantial sections on Polish as- tronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein.When Einstein con- sidered himself as standing on their shoul- ders,he meant that,without their contribu- tions,he would not have formulated(阐述) the theory of relativity..(这本书还包括波兰天 文学家尼古拉·哥白尼和伽利略的大量章节， 他们的方法启发了爱因斯坦。当爱因斯坦认 为自己站在他们的肩膀上时，他的意思是，如 果没有他们的贡献，他就不会提出相对论。)” 可推知，作者提到这些著名的物理学家是为了 说明这些物理学家的研究促成了爱因斯坦的 成功。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。成功绝非偶 然，一定是一些特别的品质和性格才造就了那么 多的伟人和成功人士。学习本文，让我们一起来 欣赏这些成功的科学家们的性格特点吧。 1.C[选项“它还将科学家定义为使用科学方法 的人。”承接上文“The dictionary defines a sci- entist as a person having professional knowl- edge on one or more sciences,especially natu- ral science or physical science.(字典将科学家 定义为在一门或多门科学，特别是自然科学或 物理科学方面具有专业知识的人。)”讲字典对 科学家这一名词的解释和理解。] 2.G[选项“如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动 力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段。”承 接小标题“Curiosity(好奇心)”和上文“Anex cellent scientist must be very curious about things..(一个优秀的科学家必须对事物非常好 奇。)”讲科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好 奇心。] 3.B[选项“很少有工作比这一项需要更长时 间。”承接小标题“Patience(耐心)”和上文“Be coming a scientist takes a long time.(成为 名科学家需要很长时间。)”讲要想成为一位科 学家时间要很长，需要一定的耐心。] 4.D[选项“科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果，而 不考虑个人利益或公众舆论。”和下文“Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest.However,that belief shouldn't be 答案 changed without powerful evidence..(坚持与证 据相矛盾的旧信念是不诚实的。然而，没有强 有力的证据，这种信念不应该改变。)”一起表明 科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家特征 “Ethical(道德的)qualities（道德素质)”的 体现。] 5.F[由小标题“Working habits(工作习惯)”可 知，下面一段主要谈到工作习惯，且下文“He/ She can work well alone or in groups,depen- ding on what's needed and also needs to com- municate thoughts on paper and verbally. 她可以单独或在团队中很好地工作，这取决于 需要什么，还需要在纸上和口头上交流想法。)” 就是在讲科学家的工作习惯，F选项“一个优秀 的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记 在心。”也是一种工作习惯和工作方式。] 高二上学期期末实战模拟卷二 I.A.[语篇解读]这是一篇应用文。文章主要 讲述了智能家居产品，让生活互联，并提供了一些 智能家居产品供了解。 1.D[细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第二段 "The Nest Cam IQ is a beautifully designed home security camera that can recognize faces. It can warn you if there's a stranger in your home.The device also supports two-way com- munication via built-in microphones and a pow- erful speaker.(Nest Cam IQ是一款设计精美 的家庭安全摄像头，可以识别人脸。如果家里 有陌生人，它会提醒你。该设备还支持通过内 置麦克风和强大的扬声器进行双向通信。)”可 知，该设备可保障家居安全。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据题干定位到文章第三段 "It can control just about every piece of elec- tronics you own(it supports over 270,000 de- vices!)in every room of your house or apart- ment,including TVs,streaming devices,and sound systems.它可以控制你家里或公寓每个房 间里的几乎每一件电子产品（它支持超过27万台 设备！)，包括电视、流媒体设备和音响系统。”可知， 可远程控制家居电子设备的是Logitech Harmony Elite.] 3.A[推理判断题。根据体裁为广告类应用文， 且出现了大量的术语，如：two-way communica tion via built-in microphones;every piece of electronics;the Siri-powered device可知文章应 该来自科技方面的专栏。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介 绍了未来的屋顶花园很智能，它知道什么时候为 干旱储存水，什么时候倾倒多余的水来防止洪水。 4.A[细节理解题。根据第二段中“Now climate change has brought more severe weather,heavy rainfall,and even drought to the area,forcing