高一上学期期末实战模拟卷5-【创新教程】2026-2027学年高一上学期英语期末实战模拟卷

高一上学期期末实战模拟卷五 [主题阗读4幻人与自然—自然灾害 (时间40分钟，满分50分) I.阅读（满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A The Chicago Fire of 1871 was the worst disaster of the 19th century. The fire is said to have started one evening in Mrs.O'Leary's barn()on the 癸 West Side of Chicago.Several hours after she milked her cow,it kicked over an oil lamp, and the cow started the fire.We do not know if the story is true,but we do know that the fire began in a barn on the West Side. The fire spread quickly because of the wooden buildings,a strong wind,and a dry sea- son.The fire lasted 27 hours and spread to all parts of the city.Other cities sent 25 fire companies to help put out the fire.Federal troop(联邦军队)were also used to help fight the fire and keep order,too.At last rain put out the fire. There was a lot of damage.90,000 people were homeless,and 18,000 buildings were destroyed.Property damage(财产损失)was almost2O0 million dollars..In addition,about 300 people died. 慕 People from all over the world helped Chicago by sending food and clothing.Within a month,4,000 cottages()with two rooms had been built.In a few years,Chicago was 长 completely rebuilt. 1.Which parts of the city were hurt by the fire? A.The West Side. B.The South Side and the East Side. C.The North Side. D.All sides. 2.How many people lost their lives in the fire? A.90000. B.18000. C.Almost 200. D.About 300. 3.People who stayed in Chicago after the fire showed A.courage B.fear C.weakness D.laziness 数 B Rogues(疯狗浪)，called“extreme storm waves'”by scientists,.are large,unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them,ac- cording to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).These abnor- mal waves,which happen every day and all over the world,are highly unpredictable and 的 can destroy ships that meet with them. Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another,com- 保 bining to form huge walls of water,according to NOAA.However,why and where they appear is unclear.But using 700 years'worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys()in 158 locations around the world,researchers have now created a system for predicting these“huge beasts”. "They are caused by a combination of many factors that,until now,have not been combined into a single risk assessment,"said lead author Dion Hafner.Hafner and his co- workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form. 英语试题（五）第1页（共4页） The team trained a neural network using historical wave data.This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them.But the AI's methods were hid in a black box.This means scientists couldn't know how the Al did its workings.So Hafner's team applied another form of machine learning,which produced an equation()when fed data,rather than just a single prediction,helping the re- searchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions. "Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time.In fact,we regis- tered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,"Hafner said.This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave,Hafner added,and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course. 4.How does the author introduce the topic? A.By using an example. B.By giving a definition. C.By drawing a comparison. D.By making an assumption. 5.What can the system do according to Paragraph 2? A.Monitor huge sea creatures. B.Guide ships around in the sea. C.Prevent rouge waves from occurring. D.Forecast the hitting of rogue waves. 6.What is the disadvantage of the AI's methods? A.They aren't visually available B.They depend on too many factors. C.They make inaccurate predictions. D.They don't process data systematically. 7.How does Hafner find the system? A.It requires more field tests. B.It has been widely used. C.It needs further improvement. D.It has a promising future. C As a shift in the polar vortex(极地涡旋)swept across much of the US,many people in the country were hit with a sudden snap of cold.Heavy ice and snow coupled with fallen trees caused the outages in major cities,with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored. Polar vortices were noticed long ago.But the first known use of the term "polar vor- tex"was in a magazine in 1853.Polar vortices are present year-round,but we don't hear about them until they cause problems.They maintain freezing temperatures at the North and South poles by moving in tight counter-clockwise patterns.Polar vortices grow stronger in winter and weaken in summer.They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospher- ic current called the jet stream.However,when the jet streams weaken,the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention! In Texas,roads froze over,causing six traffic deaths,and many schools were shut- down.People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold.Crops and animals are also freezing.This could have major consequences,especially if herds of cattle die.If snow blocks cattle,the animals can't reach basic necessities like food and fresh water. 英语试题（五）第2页（共4页） On a brighter note,some Texas cities were more prepared than others.For instance, Amarillo,which is located in North Texas,so they are more accustomed to colder temper- atures.Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms.Officials have spread out fire stations to increase coverage of first responders,em- ployed modified dump trucks for clearing ice,and upgraded civic centers to provide shelter during storms.Hopefully,other Texas cities will follow the good example set by Amarillo! 8.What does the underlined word "outages"refer to? A.Traffic jams. B.Power struggles. C.Power cuts. D.Traffic accidents. 9.What can we learn about polar vortices? A.They grow stronger in summer. B.They are affected by jet streams. C.They were first observed in 1853. D.They move in a clockwise direction. 10.What is the last but one paragraph mainly about? A.The definition of the polar vortex. B.The characteristics of the polar vortex. C.The ways to deal with the polar vortex. D.The serious impact made by the polar vortex. 11.Why is Amarillo striking? A.Because it is located in the north of Texas. B.Because it has been upgraded and modernized. C.Because it has been regarded as an example to other cities. D.Because it has taken effective measures to resist winter storms. D Turkmenistan is a country in Central Asia,near Afghanistan and Iran.In Darvaza,one of its villages,there is a very interesting feature.It is a massive hole in the ground-about 20 metres(65 feet)deep and 60 metres (196 feet)across.The enormous pit has been on fire for more than 50 years. Why is the crater on fire?The most popular theory is that in 1971,a team of geolo- gists from the then-Soviet Union were drilling in the country's Karakum Desert to try to find gas.The ground under the drill collapsed and methane()gas began to escape into the air.The geologists decided the safest thing to do was to burn off the gas by lighting it on fire.They thought the fire would burn for only a few weeks.However,it has been burn- ing steadily for more than 50 years. According to a BBC article,Canadian explorer George Kourounis discovered in 2013 that"no one actually knows how this inferno came to be."But,now the crater may finally be extinguished. Turkmenistan's president,Mr.Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedow,has asked scientists in the country to figure out how to put out the burning crater.He went on the country's state- run television station on January 8 to encourage experts to find a way to stop the fire. 英语试题（五）第3页（共4页） One of the reasons he wants the crater to be put out is that the country can collect the gas that fuels it.Gas is a very important and valuable resource and can be used for many purposes.If it's just burning off,the gas cannot be used or sold.According to the website Vice.com,the crater sits on the fourth largest reserve of natural gas in the world.Another reason the president may want the crater put out is to stop the harmful effects,to humans and the environment,of the burning gas. 12.Why did the geologists light the crater? A.To test the quality of the gas. B.To exhaust the underground gas. C.To prevent explosion of the gas. D.To stop the escape of the gas. 13.What does the underlined word "inferno"in Paragraph 3 refer to? A.The article. B.The theory. C.The fire. D.The president. 14.What does Turkmenistan's president want to do? A.To protect the crater. B.To find the reason of the fire. C.To seek help from the public. D.To exploit and use the gas. 15.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.The Fire Crater May Soon Be Put Out B.A Peculiar Scenic Spot in Turkmenistan C.The Crater Burning for Fifty Years D.The Harmful Effects of the Burning Gas Ⅱ.阅读七选五（满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余 选项。 The aftermath()of an earthquake can be horrible,but it is important that you are attentive and focused after an earthquake happens.Fires,gas leaks,and injuries are all dangers you might face after an earthquake.1 By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities,your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher. Check yourself for injuries.2 If you're bleeding,lift your injury up and put pres- sure on it.If your injury is serious,call for help using a cellphone or try to get rescuers'at- tention. 笨 3 Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one.If you can't use a phone,try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you. Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake. 4 So you should prepare to move to a safe location,like an open outdoor space or a structurally sound building. Exit the building and go to a safer place once the shaking has stopped.The structure of the building you're in may have been weakened by the main earthquake.5 A.Signal for help if you are trapped. B.They can cause significant damage. C.Remain calm as the earthquake occurs. D.The more prepared you are,the safer you'll be. E.Make sure you're not seriously hurt before you do anything. F.After the earthquake,you must get medical treatment in time. G.Therefore,you should leave as soon as possible in case of any aftershocks. 英语试题（五）第4页（共4页）参考 4.C[根据上文“Wear materials that will help your body breathe..(穿有助于身体呼吸的衣服。)”以及后 "Wear sweat-wicking athletic clothing that allows your skin to cool.Avoid materials like cotton that ba- sically keep the heat close to your body.(穿吸汗的运 动服，让皮肤降温。不要穿棉质之类的衣服，因为它 们能让热量接近你的身体。)”可知，本段主要就穿的 衣服提出了建议，C选项中clothing对应后文cloth ing。故C选项“选择合造的衣服也能让你保持凉爽。” 符合语境。] 5.G[根据上文“Hydrate before,during and after ex- ercise.Dehydration can really happen to you,(在运动 前、运动中和运动后补充水分。脱水真的会发生在你 身上。)”可知，本句主要是建议补充水分。故G选项 “确保你在出门锻炼前至少一个小时喝水。”符合语境。] 高一上学期期末实战模拟卷五 I.A.[语篇解读]这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 1871年的芝加哥大火是19世纪最严重的灾难。 l.D「细节理解题。根据第三段中“The fire lasted27 hours and spread to all parts of the city.(大火持续了 27个小时，蔓延到城市的所有地方。)”可知，城市的各 个地方都被大火烧毁了。] 2.D[细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句“In addition, about300 people died.(此外，大约300人死亡。)”可 知，大约300人在火灾中丧生。 3.A[推理判断题。根据最后一段“People from all over the world helped Chicago by sending food and clothing.Within a month,4,000 cottages()with two rooms had been built.In a few years,Chicago was completely rebuilt.(来自世界各地的人们给芝加 哥送去食物和衣服。不到一个月，就建成了4000间 两室的小屋。几年后，芝加哥完全重建了。)”故可推知， 火灾发生后留在芝加哥的人们表现出了勇气。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“疯狗浪”被科学 家称为“极端风暴波”，是一种巨大的、意想不到的、危险 的海浪。研究人员发明了一个系统，该系统可以有效显 示“疯狗浪”的迹象，更好地保护在世界各地航行的船只 免受破坏。 4.B[推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Rogues(疯狗 浪)，called‘extreme storm waves'by scientists,are large,unexpected,and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world,are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.(据美国国家海洋和大气管理局称，‘疯狗 浪’被科学家称为‘极端风暴波’，是一种巨大的、意想 不到的、危险的海浪，其高度至少是周围其他海浪的 两倍。这些异常的海浪在世界各地每天都有发生，非 常难以预测，可能会摧毁遇到它们的船只。)”再结合 下文中关于“疯狗浪”的介绍可知，作者主要通过对 “疯狗浪”下定义来引入话题。 5.D[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“why and where they appear is unclear...researchers have now created a system for predicting these 'huge beasts'.(它们出现的原 因和地，点尚不清楚。但是，利用700年来的海洋数据，包 括历史记录和来自世界各地158个地，点的浮标数据，研 究人员现在创建了一个预测这些‘巨兽’的系统。)”可知， 疯狗浪出现的原因和地点尚不清楚，因此，研究人员创建 了一个系统来预测这些“巨兽”。] 6.A[细节理解题。根据文章第四段“But the AI's methods were hid in a black box.This means scien- tists couldn't know how the AI did its workings. 答案 人工智能的方法隐藏在一个黑盒子里。这意味着科 学家无法知道人工智能是如何工作的。)”可知，人工 智能的方法被藏在一个黑箱里，这意味着科学家无法 知道人工智能是如何工作的。] 7.D[推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave,Hafner added,and can better protect ships from being de- stroyed as the sail around the world.Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alterna- tive course.(Hafner补充说：‘该系统可以有效地显 示异常浪的迹象，并且可以更好地保护航行在世界各地 的船只免受摧毁。船只公司可以使用该设备和该系统来 预测何时何地可能出现异常海浪，以寻求替代航线。’)” 可知，他认为这个系统有着很好的发展前景。] C.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。极地涡旋会给人类 的生命财产带来巨大的威胁，但是好在人类已采取有效 措施抵御冬季风暴。 8.C[词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“with companies unable to tell their customers when power will be restored(公司无法告知客户电力何时恢复)” 可知，outages意为“断电”。] 9.B[细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句“They are kept in place at the poles by another atmospheric cur- rent called the jet stream.However,when the jet streams weaken,the cold winds of the polar vortex are pushed southwards and it is during this time that people begin to pay attention!(它们被另一种被称为 高速气流的大气流固定在两极。然而，当急流减弱 时，极地涡旋的冷风被推向南方，正是在这段时间，人 们开始注意！)”可知，极涡受到急流的影响。] l0.D[主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“In Texas, roads froze over,causing six traffic deaths,and many schools were shut-down.People are not the only Earthlings to struggle with the cold.Crops and ani- mals are also freezing.This could have major conse- quences,especially if herds of cattle die.If snow blocks cattle,the animals can't reach basic necessities like food and fresh water..(在德克萨斯州，道路结冰， 造成6人死亡，许多学校关闭。人类并不是地球上唯 一与寒冷作斗争的生物。农作物和动物也在受冻。 这可能会产生重大后果，特别是如果成群的牛死亡」 如果大雪阻挡了牛群，这些动物就无法获得食物和淡 水等基本必需品。)”可知，倒数第二段主要讲的是极 地涡旋造成的严重影响。] 11.D[细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句“Amarillo is notable because the city was redesigned to stand up to severe winter storms..(阿马里洛之所以引人注目，是 因为这座城市经过了重新设计，以抵御严重的冬季风 暴。)”可知，阿马里洛引人注目是因为它已采取有效 措施抵御冬季风暴。] D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍土 库曼斯坦积极寻求方法，希望能够熄灭燃烧的火山口。 l2.B[细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The ground un der the drill collapsed and methane()gas began to escape into the air.The geologists decided the sa- fest thing to do was to burn off the gas by lighting it on fire.They thought the fire would burn for only a few weeks.(钻孔下的地面塌陷，甲烷气体开始泄漏 到空气中。地质学家们认为最安全的办法是用火烧 掉这些气体。他们认为大火只会燃烧几个星期。)” 可知，这些地质学家决定点燃气体，为了把这些地下 气体耗尽。] 高一上学期期末 l3.C[词义猜测题。根据第二段第一句“Why is the crater on fire?(为什么火山口着火了？)”及本段内容 可知，这一段虽然在解释这个火山口的形成，但仅仅是 一种最流行的理论。由此推知，这位探险家的意思是 “没有人真正知道这个大火是如何形成的”。由此可知， 划线词inferno指的是上文提到的“大火”。] 14.DL细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of the rea sons he wants the crater to be put out is that the country can collect the gas that fuels it..(他希望火山 口被清除的原因之一是该国可以收集燃料天然 气。)”可知，这个总统想要收集为其提供燃料的气 体，因为它有多种用途，可以开发和使用。] 15.A[主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章介绍了火山 口的形成，目的是通过对这漫长燃烧过程的强调，引 出第三段文章的重，点“But,now the crater may final- ly be extinguished.(但是，现在这个火山口可能最终 会消失。)”，形成一种长时间燃烧与终于被扑灭的对 比。由此可知，“The Fire Crater May Soon Be Put Out(火山口可能很快就会被扑灭)”作为文章标题最 为合适。」 Ⅱ.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地震后 应该注意的危险以及应采取的自救方式。 l.D[下文“By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities,your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher.(通过评估您所在位置的安全性 并遵循地方当局的指示，您在地震后幸存的几率将大 大提高。)”说明如果提前做准备，那么地震后幸存的 几率会更高，D项“你准备得越充分，就越安全。”引出 下文，符合题意。] 2.E[上文“Check yourself for injuries..(检查自己是否 受伤。)”说明需要检查自己的身体状况，E项“在你做 任何事情之前，确保你没有受到严重的伤害。”进一步 说明要先检查自己身体是否受伤，然后才能采取行 动，符合题意。 3.A[下文“Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one.If you can't use a phone,try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you.(如果你有 手机，请用手机打电话求救。如果你不能使用电话， 试着大声敲打附近的东西，直到救援人员找到你。)” 说明要采取方式发出求救信号，A项“如果你被困，发 出求救信号。”引出下文，符合题意。] 4.B[上文“Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake..(余震是继主 震之后发生的较小地震。)”说明地震之后还可能发生 余震，B项中They指代上文中的余震，B项“它们可能 会造成重大损害。”说明余震的危害性，承接上文，符 合题意。] 5.G[上文“The structure of the building you're in may have been weakened by the main earthquake,(你所在 的大楼的结构可能已经被主震削弱了。)”说明地震后 大楼变得不安全，G项“因此，你应该尽可能快地离开 以防有任何余震发生。”说明应该采取的正确方式，符 合题意。] 高一上学期期末实战模拟卷六 I.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了学习 外语的必要性和学习外语的方法。 1.C[考查代词词义辨析。句意：每个人都懂自己的语 言，但另一种语言也非常有用，尤其是当我们去其他 国家旅行时。A.No one没有人；B.Someone有人： C.Everybody每个人；D.Anyone任何人。结合后文 “knows his own language'”可知这里表示每个人都懂 自己的语言。] 。{ 战模拟卷·英语 2.D「考查代词词义辨析。句意：每个人都懂自己的语 言，但另一种语言也非常有用，尤其是当我们去其他 国家旅行时。A.one一个（泛指）；B.the one一个（特 指)；C.the others其他；D.another one另一个。结合 空格后的is和“especially when we travel to other countries'”以及第7空后的“If we could learn another one in the same way(如果我们能以同样的方式学习 另一种语言)”可知这里指的是另一种语言也非常 有用。 3.B[考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果我们去法国，我 们应该会说法语，在德国人们会期望我们懂德语。 A.Unless除非；B.If如果：C.Though虽然；D.How- ever然而。结合后文“we go to France,we ought to be able to speak French”可知用if引导条件状语从句 符合题意。 4.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们去法国，我 们应该会说法语，在德国人们会期望我们懂德语。 A.hope希望；B.insist坚持；C.expect期待，希望； D.help帮助。结合句意和下文“us to understand German”可知在德国人们会期望我们懂德语。] 5.C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：世界上大约有 1500种语言，其中英语是最重要的语言之一。A.nec essary必要的；B.easy简单的；C.important重要的； D.official官方的。结合前文“There are about fifteen hundred languages in the world,of which English is one of the most'”,和英语的普及性的常识，可知其中 英语是最重要的语言之一。 6.B「考查连词词义辨析。句意：那就是为什么数以百 万计的男生和女生都在努力学习它。A.because因为 (引出原因)；B.why为什么（引出结果）；C.when何 时；D.how如何。空格处引导表语从句，用that's why..,表示“那就是为什么”引出结果。] 7.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们应该记得，当我 们还是孩子的时候，我们都把自己的语言学得很好。 A.remember记得，想起；B.believe相信；C.guess猜 测；D.recognize识别。结合后文“that we all learnt our own language well when we were children”和 12 is also important to remember that we learn our own language by hearing people speak it(同样重 要的是要记住，我们学习自己的语言是通过听别人 说)”可知这里表达我们应该记得，当我们还是孩子的 时候，我们都把自己的语言学得很好。 8.C[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们能以同样 的方式学习另一种语言，它看起来就不会那么难了。 A.useful有用的；B.easy容易的；C.hard难的； D.useless无用的。结合前文“If we could learn an- other one in the same way(如果我们能以同样的方式 学习另一种语言)”可以推断如果我们以学习母语的方 式学习另一种语言，它看起来就不会那么难了。] 9.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：想想一个孩子会做什 么。A.does做；B.speaks说话；C.learns学会； D.likes-喜欢。结合后文“He listens to what people say,and he tries to imitate(模仿)what it hears.(他 听人们说什么，并试图模仿他所听到的)”可知这是在 描述一个孩子做的事情。 10.D[考查情态动词或动词词义辨析。句意：当他想 要什么的时候，他不得不去索要它。A.ought to应 该；B.is able to能够；C.decides决定；D.has to不得 不（侧重指客观需要）。结合本句中的“When he wants something”和“ask for it'”可知，孩子想要什么， 就不得不去索要它，这是一种客观需要。」 11.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：他是在使用语言，用 它说话，并且一直用它思考。A.learning学习； B.studying学习；C.using使用；D.trying尝试。结合 后文“talking in it,and thinking in it all the time”和