Unit3 Same or Different Section B (单词+短语+句子+知识点+写作)复习讲义 2025-2026学年人教版（2024）英语八年级上册

本初中英语讲义围绕Unit3 "Same or Different"主题，构建从基础词汇到综合运用的学习支架。先系统讲解alike、interest等核心词汇的词性、搭配及例句，再盘点hang out、be similar to等短语并结合课本例句巩固，进而提炼定语从句、比较级等重点句型，最后通过make、by等语法知识精讲及写作模块实现语言输出，形成连贯的知识脉络。 资料特色在于立足语言能力培养，通过词汇-短语-句型-语法的分层训练夯实基础，如make的三种用法辨析、because与because of的对比讲解，助力学生提升语言理解与表达能力。写作模块提供话题分析、模板句型及佳作示例，结合个人经历的练习设计，培养学生思维品质与学习能力。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后便于学生自主复习查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Unit3 Same or Different Section BPart 1: 单词讲解 1. alike / la k/ adj. 相像的 /adv. 相似地 搭配:adj. 相像的be alike in sth 在某方面相像 搭配:adv. 相似地act alike 行为相似 例句:They think and act alike.他们想法和行为相似。 2. interest / ntrest/ n.兴趣;业余爱好 /v.使感兴趣 ￫interested (adj. 感兴趣的,修饰人);interesting (adj. 有趣的,修饰物) 3. humour / hju m / n. 幽默;幽默感 ￫ humorous (adj. 幽默的) 搭配:a sense of humour 幽默感 4. honest / n st/ adj. 坦诚的;诚实的 ￫ honesty (n. 诚实) 搭配:be honest with sb 对某人坦诚 He is always honest with his friends. 搭配:to be honest 说实话(插入语)To be honest, I don’t like this movie. 5. direct /d rekt; d rekt/ adj. 率直的;直接的 /v. 指导;指向￫ direction (n. 方向;指示) 6. friendship / frend p/ n. 友谊;友情 搭配:build/develop a friendship 建立友谊 Part 2: 短语盘点 1. hang out:闲逛 2. be similar to:与…相似 例句:Stephen and I are similar in other ways.(p26) 3. be like像…… 例句:A good friend is like a mirror.(p26) 4. learn from:向…学习 例句:We should respect and learn from each other.(p26) 5. thanks to:多亏;由于 例句:Thanks to her, I am becoming more outgoing.(p26) 6. make sb. better:使某人更好 例句:Friends who are different make me better.(p26) 7. give one’s opinion:发表意见 例句:He is not afraid to give his opinion.(p26) 8. make a mistake:犯错误 例句:When he thinks I am making a mistake.(p26) 搭配:make a mistake in sth 在某方面犯错误 9. care about:关心;在意 例句:I know she cares about me.(p29) 10. lend a hand:帮助 例句:We are ready to help each other by lending a hand.(p29) 11. by accident:偶然地 例句:They exchanged their lives by accident.(p28) Part 3: 重点句子 一、句子翻译 1.你可以通过了解一个人的朋友来了解这个人。You can understand people by knowing their friends. 2.不同的朋友会让我变得更好。Friends who are different make me better. 3.他不怕发表自己的观点。He is not afraid to give his opinion 4.真正的朋友会向你伸出援手,并触动你的心灵。 A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 5. 我没有他那么直率。I am less straightforward than he is 6. 我们总是乐于通过互相帮助来支持彼此。 We are always ready to help each other by lending a hand. 二、句型提取 1. 观点表达类 I think (that)... I think friends should be similar. For me,... For me, differences make friendship interesting. Some people think..., but others think... Some think friends should be alike, but others prefer differences. 2. 定语从句:先行词 + who/that + 从句 用法:who 引导定语从句,修饰先行词 friends。 解析:who are different 作定语,说明 “不同的朋友”。 3. make sb. + 形容词:使某人怎样 4. be not afraid to do sth.:害做某事 5. by + 动名词:通过某方式 6. less + 原级 + than(否定比较) Part 4: 知识精讲 知识点1: make的用法 ①make + 宾语(人/物):制作、创造或准备某物。 She made a cake for my birthday.她为我生日做了个蛋糕。 Can you make a plan for the trip?你能制定旅行计划吗? ②make + 宾语 + 宾补(形容词/名词/动词原形):使某人/物处于某种状态或做某事 形容词作宾补:The news made me happy.这消息让我开心。 名词作宾补:They made him monitor.他们选他当班长。 动词原形作宾补:she makes me laugh and feel better.她让我大笑,让我感觉更好。 注意:被动语态中需还原不定式to:I was made to clean the room.我被要求打扫房间。 ③动词短语 make friends (with sb):与某人交朋友;make mistakes:犯错误 make a difference:有影响;起作用;make sure:确保;make a plan:制定计划 知识点2: by的用法 (1)by表示通过某方式,可接名词、代词或动词-ing I learn English by myself.我靠自学来学英语。 I learn English by reading.我通过阅读来学英语。 We communicate by phone.我们通过电话交流。 (2)by表示乘坐,后接交通工具名词,无冠词 I go to school by bus.我乘公交车去上学。 (3)by+时间点,表示不迟于,在...之前 Mom told me to come back by 10:00.妈妈告诉我十点前回家。 知识点3: such as和for example such as与前面的句子之间用逗号隔开,后面列举两个以上的同类人或事物 for example一般只列举同类人或事物的一个,在句中作插入语。用逗号隔开,可置于句首/句中/句末。 I like sports, such as tennis and basketball.我喜欢运动,例如网球和篮球。 Ball games, for example, is very popular with young people.例如,球赛非常受年轻人欢迎。 You often make mistakes- spelling mistakes, for example.你经常犯错,例如拼写错误。 知识点4: similar用法 ①be similar to...:与…相似(后接名词 / 代词) Their hobbies are similar to mine.(他们的爱好和我的相似。p26) ②be similar in...:在某方面相似(后接具体方面) Stephen and I are similar in personality.(我和斯蒂芬在性格上相似。p26) 引申:be the same as...与...相同,例句:My bag is the same as yours. 知识点5:区别because 和 because of ①because + 完整句子,可置于主句前或后,逗号可有可无(置于句首时通常加逗号) I stayed at home because it rained.我待在家,因为下雨了。 Because he was ill, he couldn’t come to school. ②because of + 名词 / 代词 / 动名词(短语) I stayed at home because of the rain.我待在家,因为雨。 She failed the exam because of her carelessness.她考试不及格,因为粗心。 He lost his job because of making mistakes.他因犯错丢了工作。 He succeeded because of you.他成功是因为你。 注意:对 “Why?” 的回答需用完整句子: A: Why are you late? B: Because I missed the bus.( ) B: Because of the bus.( ,需用 because of 时需补充名词结构) 知识点6: if用法 课文原句:I don’t really care if my friends are similar to or different from me ①if 表示 “如果”,引导条件状语从句(主将从现),主句(将来时) + if 从句(一般现在时) If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家。 You won’t pass the exam if you don’t study hard.如果你不努力学习,就不会通过考试。 ②if 表示 “是否”,引导宾语从句(= whether),用于动词(ask, wonder, know, tell 等)或形容词(not sure, doubtful 等)后: I wonder if/whether he will come.我想知道他是否会来。 She asked if I liked coffee.她问我是否喜欢咖啡。 if 与 whether 的区别:后为介词、or not、不定式,一般用whether I don’t know whether to go.我不知道他是否在家。 I don’t know whether he is at home.or not我不知道他是否在家。 0Part 5: 单元写作 【话题分析】朋友的相似性与差异性 主题:讨论朋友应该相似还是不同,结合个人经历表达观点。 时态:一般现在时(陈述观点)、一般过去时(举例经历)。 结构:引入观点 分点论述(相似/差异的好处) 总结升华。 【写作思路】 段落 内容 模板句型 开头 引出话题:不同人对朋友相似性的看法。 Some people think friends should be similar, while others believe differences make friendship special. 主体1 支持相似性的理由及例子(如共同爱好促进默契)。 Similar friends often share hobbies, which makes it easy to communicate. For example,... 主体2 支持差异性的理由及例子(如不同性格互补)。 Different friends bring new perspectives. My friend Lily is outgoing, while I am shy... 结尾 总结个人观点:相似或差异并 非关键,尊重与支持最重要。 In my view, whether friends are similar or different isn’t important. What matters is... 【写作题目】 你是否思考过朋友之间应该相似还是不同?请以 “Friends: Similar or Different?”为题,写一篇英语短文分享你的观点。可以结合自己或身边人的经历,说明相似性或差异性给友谊带来的影响。 词数:80-100词。 【解题步骤】 开头:简要介绍人们对朋友相似性与差异性的不同看法。 中间: 若认为相似重要:举例说明共同爱好、性格等如何让友谊更紧密(如一起运动、学习)。 若认为差异重要:举例说明不同性格、能力如何互补(如外向朋友带你社交,内向朋友陪你安静相处)。 结尾:总结你的观点,强调友谊的关键在于理解与支持。 【佳作展示】 Friends: Similar or Different? Many people have different ideas about friends. Some say friends should be similar, but others think differences are important. I believe both can make friendship good. My friend Tom and I are similar in hobbies. We both love drawing. We often draw together in the park. This makes us closer. But differences can be good too. My classmate Lily is very tidy, and I’m messy. She helps me organize my schoolbag, and I teach her to play basketball. Now I’m neater, and she enjoys sports more. We learn from each other. So, Friends can be the same or different. The important thing is to like and help each other. 【写作练习】 题目:请以 “Do Differences Make Friendship Better?” 为题,写一篇 80 词左右的短文,结合个人经历阐述差异对友谊的影响。 提示: —————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— 参考答案: Do Differences Make Friendship Better? I think differences can make friends closer. My best friend Mia and I are very different. I’m quiet and love books, but she’s active and likes sports. At first, I worried we’d fight, but our differences helped us become better friends. Mia asks me to play soccer with her. I was shy at first, but now I enjoy running on the field. I also share my favorite stories with her. Now she reads every day and finds fun in books. We learn from each other’s hobbies. So remember: Differences can make friendship strong and happy! 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $